Planning Theory Insight of Pananjung CSP

8/8/2019 Planning Theory Insight of Pananjung CSP

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W@DBBHBO \CFN[X HBQHOC\ J[NE \CF WDBDBMVBO ZH@@DOFANEEVBH\X QF\\@FEFB\ W@DB

Eh}db Kvq|dbv` Jvdlx Khq{h 4( dbl [hqicd Wdv`hbd ;(

4(Hbq|h|v| \fibn`noh Kdblvbo, Hblnbfqhdeh}db"kj"khq{hGw`"h|k"da"hl

;(_fq| Mdzd [fohnbd` Njjhaf ‑ Ehbhq|{x nj Jn{fq|{x, Hblnbfqhd

{hqicdêdcdGxdcnn"ane DKQ\[DA\

\chq wdwf{ h`̀ w{nzhlf db hbqhoc| dbl a{h|had` lfqa{hw|hnb dknv| w`dbbhbo |cfn{x lhqanv{qf h|chb w{nafqq dbl w{nlva| nj Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof Aneevbh|x Qf||`fefb| W`db

#Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof AQW(" \cf Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof AQW dq db fjjn{| nj |cf aneevbh|x

d`nboqhlf h|c |cf aneevbh|x n{odbh}f{ dq h|q w`dbbf{ hb kvh`lhbo kdai |cf zh``dof dj|f{

|cf Wdbodbld{db‘q |qvbdeh hb ;77:" \cf w{nk`feq fshq|fl dq dknv| qf||`fefb|‘q

{fcdkh`h|d|hnb dbl {fanbq|{va|hnb lvf |n lhqdq|f{ dbl h|q w{fwd{d|hnb jn{ jv|v{f lhqdq|f{q

{hqi |cd| daibn`flof fanbneha, w`v{d`hq|, dbl Ed{shq| d{ovefb|q jn{ vblf{|dihbo

w`dbbhbo hb |cf wvk`ha lnedhb" J{ne |chq w`db dbl h|q w{nafqq f edx d`qn qff cn d

lnehbdb| dlznadax w`dbbhbo w{nafqq anv`l n{i h|c dllh|hnb j{ne anew{fcfbqhzf

{d|hnbd` dbl aneevbhad|hzf da|hnbq edbbf{, cn |cf {n`f nj |cf w`dbbf{, dbl d`qn hb%

lfw|c dknv| |cf w`dbbhbo w{nk`feq" @dq|`x, |cf {n`f nj |cf w`dbbf{ hq d`qn dbn|cf{

hewn{|db| wnhb| hb |chq wdwf{, chac |cf w`dbbf{q da| dq db dlznad|f w`dbbf{ jn{ |cf

aneevbh|x hb n{lf{ |n qcdwf |cfh{ jv|v{f"

Ifxn{lq= aneevbh|x qf||`fefb| w`db, dlznadax w`dbbhbo, dlznad|f w`dbbf{, |qvbdeh

D" HB\[NLVA\HNB

4" Kdaio{nvbl

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Qd`de, dbl Id{dbo Qd{h" Kdqhad``x h|q |nwno{dwcx anbqhq|q nj andq|d` }nbf dbl qfzf{d` ch``x

d{fdq hb |cf bn{|cf{b qhlf, dbl h|q cfhoc| zd{hfq j{ne 7 |n ? e dknzf qfd `fzf`" \cf zh``dof‘q

kn{lf{q d{f Wv{kdcdxv Zh``dof hb |cf bn{|c, Ahifekv`db Zh`̀ dof hb |cf fq|, Kdkdidb

Zh`̀ dof hb |cf fdq|, dbl Wdbodbld{db Zh̀ `dof dq f`` dq Hblhdb Nafdb hb |cf qnv|c"

\cf{fjn{f, nbaf h| dq anbqhq|fl nj zd{hnvq |nv{hqe da|hzh|hfq, daaneenld|hnbq, defbh|hfq,

dbl d`qn wvk`ha qf||`fefb|" Kv| d lfq|{va|hzf |qvbdeh hb ;77: hewda|fl `nqq hb d zd{hf|x nj

dxq" Bn| nb`x Hbj{dq|{va|v{f dbl `hjf`hbfq ldedofq bffl |n kf {fqwnblfl heeflhd|f`x, kv|

d`qn |{dved|ha%q|{fqq nj |cf `nad` aneevbh|x a{fd|fl dbn|cf{ `nad` kv{lfb"



Q|d{|fl hb ;77?, |cf hqqvf dq |cfb qchj|q |n {fcdkh`h|d|hnb dbl {fanbq|{va|hnb9 cf|cf{ h|

dq jn{ |nv{hqe da|hzh|hfq {fcdkh`h|d|hnbq, cnvqhbo {fanbq|{va|hnbq, qf||`fefb| dbl

hbj{dq|{va|v{fq {fcdkh`h|d|hnb, qn jn{|c" Nbf nj |cf da|hzh|hfq, chac kfadef |chq wdwf{‘q

qf||hbo, dq |cf Aneevbh|x%kdqfl Qf||`fefb| [fcdkh`h|d|hnb [fanbq|{va|hnb W{nmfa|

#AQ[[W ‑ hb Hblnbfqhd h| ad``fl [FINEWDI(" \cf AQ[[W dq hew`fefb|fl hb 43 zh``dofq

djjfa|fl kx |cf |qvbdeh, hb Ahdehq [fofbax" \cf nv|wv| nj AQ[[W hq d lnavefb| ad``fl

Aneevbh|x Qf||`fefb| W`db #AQW(, |cvq hb Wdbdbmvbo dq Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof AQW" \cf

fbda|efb| nj Wdbdbmvbo Zh̀ `dof AQW daanew`hqcfl |nof|cf{ kx |cf aneevbh|x dbl

Wdbodbld{db Lhqdq|f{ Edbdofefb| Afb|f{ #LEA Wdbodbld{db(" D`` nj |cf w{nafqq kfhbo

jvblfl kx \cf Mdzd [fanzf{x Jvbl #M[J(, d anbqn{|hve chac cdzf do{ffefb| hb |chq

ed||f{ h|c Hblnbfqhdb Ehbhq|{x nj Wvk`ha _n{iq" Kdqfl nb |cf lnavefb|, |cfb \cf M[J h``

ohzf jv{|cf{ jvblhbo jn{ |cf zh``dof |n lfzf`nw hbj{dq|{va|v{f" \cf{fjn{f, |cf edhb hlfd AQW

fbda|efb| dq |n lf`hzf{ fjjfa|hzf dhl jn{ Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof qf||`fefb|‘q {fcdkh`h|d|hnb

kdqfl nb aneevbh|x bfflq |c{nvoc dldw|d|hnb nj Wd{|hahwd|n{x [v{d` Dww{dhqd` #W[D( dblAneevbh|x Kdqfl Lhqdq|f{ [hqi Edbdofefb| #AKL[E( dww{ndac"

;" Nkmfa|hzf dbl Ef|cnln`nox

\cf nkmfa|hzf nj |chq wdwf{ hq |n w{nzhlf db hbqhoc| dbl a{h|had` lfqa{hw|hnb dknv| qfzf{d` ifx

wnhb|q hb w`dbbhbo |cfn{x‘q lhqanv{qf h|chb w{nafqq dbl w{nlva| nj \cf Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof

Aneevbh|x Qf||`fefb| W`db #Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof AQW("

\chq wdwf{ kdqhad``x vqfq lfqa{hw|hzf dww{ndac |n dbd`xqhq |cf hbqhoc| nj Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof

AQW w`dbbhbo w{nafqq dbl lnavefb|9 |cvq d{{dbof h| kdqfl nb ifx wnhb|q |cd| vqvd``x vqflhb w`dbbhbo |cfn{x lhqanv{qf‘q" \cf q|fwq kfohb h|c an``fa|hbo |cf qfanbld{x ld|d, hlfb|hjx

|cf jfd|v{fq h|chb |cf anb|dhbq, dbd`x}hbo |cf jhblhboq kdqfl nb h|q {f`fzdbax h|c zd{hnvq

`h|f{d|v{fq dknv| w`dbbhbo |cfn{x, dbl {dw h| vw h|c anba`vqhnb |cd| ohzf hb lfw|c {fj`fa|hnb

j{ne w{dshq h|chb Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof AQW |n w`dbbhbo |cfn{x lhqanv{qf" Kdqhad``x |chq

jn``nq |cf {v`f nj tvd`h|d|hzf dbd`xqhq w{naflv{f dq Eh`fq dbl Cvkf{edb dll{fqqfl #488<(

|cd| anbqhq|q nj ld|d {flva|hnb, ld|d lhqw`dx, dbl anba`vqhnb l{dhbo"

\c{ff ifx wnhb|q dknv| w`dbbhbo |cfn{x‘q lhqanv{qf dll{fqqfl cf{f d{f |cf w`dbbhbo

w{nk`feq, w`dbbhbo dww{ndac, dbl {n`f nj w`dbbf{q" W`dbbhbo w{nk`fe‘q wnhb| lf`hzf{fl |n

dbqf{ nbf nj |cf wnhb|q hb w`dbbhbo |cfn{x‘q lhqanv{qf chac hq |cf d{ovefb| jn{ dbl

dodhbq| w`dbbhbo #I`nq|f{edb, 488:(" Dq jn{ |cf `dq| |n kdqhad``x |{hfl |n hlfb|hjx chac

wd{dlhoeq kfhbo vqfl hb AQW fbda|efb| dq h| dq d w`dbbhbo h|chb |cf wvk`ha lnedhb" \cf

kdqha a`dqqhjhad|hnb vqfl adef j{ne K{nni #;77;( chac anbqhq|q nj afb|{d`h}fl {d|hnbd`h|x

w`dbbhbo wd{dlhoe, afb|{d`h}fl bnb%{d|hnbd`h|x w`dbbhbo wd{dlhoe, lfafb|{d`h}fl {d|hnbd`h|x

w`dbbhbo wd{dlhoe, dbl lfafb|{d`h}fl bnb%{d|hnbd`h|x w`dbbhbo wd{dlhoe"

K" W@DBBHBO W[NK@FE

Wdbodbld{db \qvbdeh q|{vai dj|f{ db fd{|ctvdif hb Mv`x 4?|c xfd{ ;77:, d| 46=48=;; `nad`

|hef" \cf edobh|vlf nj |cf fd{|ctvdif dq :,3 [hac|f{ Qad`f dbl |cf fwhafb|f{ `nad|fl hb



qnv|cf{b wd{| nj Mdzd Hq`dbl, dww{nshed|f`x hb Hblhdb Nafdb d| 8,<:n qnv|c ‑ 47?,48n fdq|"

Daan{lhbo |n Ahdehq [fofbax Onzf{befb|, h| dq bn|fl |cd| dq |cf fjjfa| nj \qvbdeh, <;8

wf{qnbq dq lfdl, :;4 hbmv{fl, 1; ehqqhbo, dbl 1"?18 `nq| |cfh{ qcf`|f{q" N|cf{ qnv{af

a`dhefl |cd| |cf fd{|ctvdif da|vd``x dq nb ?,; [hac|f{ #VQOQ, ;77:( h|c |cf `nqq nj `hjf

vb|h` 677 wf{qnbq h|c |n|d` `hjf`hbfq lfq|{va|hnb dbl ed|f{hd` `nqq vb|h` ?7 kh``hnb {vwhdc

#W{hkdlh hb Dk{hdbqxdc, ;77:("

D| jh{q|, |cf w`dbbhbo w{nk`feq `hfq hb |chq adqf f{f dknv| w`dbbhbo aneevbh|x

hbj{dq|{va|v{f {fcdkh`h|d|hnb da|hzh|hfq dj|f{ |cf |qvbdeh" Cnfzf{, |cfb h| d`qn anbaf{bfl

dknv| cn |n lf`hzf{ kf||f{ dbl en{f {fqh`hfbaf aneevbh|x |nd{lq jv|v{f lhqdq|f{ {hqi" \cd|

hq cx |cf w`dbbhbo w{nk`fe hq bn| ef{f`x dknv| hbj{dq|{va|v{fq dbl lhqdq|f{ edbdofefb|,

kv| d`qn anzf{q flvad|hnb, cfd`|c, dbl fanbneha" \chq wnhb| hq da|vd``x cdzf |n kf w{dhqfl

kfadvqf h| hbq|db|`x hban{wn{d|f |cf dlzdbaf lhqdq|f{‘q {hqi lfjhbh|hnb mvq| `hif cd| _hqbf{

f|"d` q|d|fl #;77<, W"64( hb |cfh{ W{fqqv{f dbl [f`fdqf Enlf`" Dq jn``nq, cf{f d{f |cfw`dbbhbo w{nk`feq |cd| |cf AQW dll{fqqfl=

d( Flvad|hnb W{nk`fe" \cf{f hq d ehbhe h``hbobfqq denbo wd{fb|q |n qfbl |cfh{

ach`l{fb |n qacnn`" \cfx |fbl |n n{i, {d|cf{ |cdb |n q|vlx kfadvqf kx n{ihbo |cfx

adb lh{fa|`x cf`w |cfh{ jdeh`x‘q jhbdbahd` anblh|hnb" \chq anblh|hnb hq |cfb n{qfbhbo

qhbaf |chq dd{fbfqq hq bn| dv|ned|had``x |{dbq`d|f hb|n `nad` onzf{befb|d` da|hnb,

d`|cnvoc jdah`h|hfq jn{ flvad|hnb j{ne w{f%qacnn` vw |n qfanbld{x `fzf` d{f dzdh`dk`f"

k( Cfd |̀c W{nk`fe" Qheh`d{ |n w{fzhnvq w{nk`fe, lfqwh|f |cf fshq|fbaf nj edbx

eflhad` q|djjq, dbl d`qn hbzfq|n{q, Wdbdbmvbo zh``dof hq q|h`` jd{ j{ne `hzdk`f w`daf

a{h|f{hd, lvf |n d ehbhe anbaf{b j{ne |cf aneevbh|x dbl `nad` onzf{befb|" Hb

dllh|hnb, vb%cfd`|cx ldh`x da|hzh|hfq d`qn `fdl |chq zh̀ `dof |n qvjjf{ j{ne edbx

lhqfdqfq" Jn{ hbq|dbaf, |cf{f f{f d wnn{ qff{dof qxq|fe dbl qdbh|d{x qf{zhaf

dzdh`dk`f, qn wfnw`f |fbl |n |c{n |chboq hb|n |cf {hzf{, chac hb |cf fbl wn``v|f |cf

d|f{, cf{f |cd| qdef {hzf{ hq d`qn d {fqnv{af jn{ ldh`x d|f{ anbqvew|hnb"

a( Fanbneha W{nk`fe" Kdqhad``x, wfnw`f hb Wdbdbmvbo d{f jhqcf{edb" Cnfzf{, lvf

|n |cf fd|cf{ anblh|hnb, h|q nb`x d``nq |cfe |n qdh` nb`x j{ne Edx |n Qfw|fekf{"

\cf{fjn{f, hb |cf `nbo {vb, |cf `hzf`hcnnlq nj Wdbdbmvbo wfnw`f d{f zd{x, {dbohbo

j{ne w{nlvahbo d{| ed|f{hd` |n w{nlvahbo k{nb qvod{" \cf ld|d qcnb hb |cf

dbd`xqhq wd{| nj |cf Wdbdbmvbo AQW d`qn qvoofq|fl |cd| |cf fdi nj |cfh{ fanbneha

q|{va|v{f kdqhad``x adef j{ne |cf jda| |cd| wfnw`f hb ofbf{d` `hzf kx lfwfblhbo nb dbnb%qvq|dhbdk`f mnkq, h|c :7& dzf{dof nj d`` lvqvb wnwv`d|hnb ad|fon{h}fl dq w{f%

f j̀d{f jdeh`x" @dai nj adwdah|x dbl d`qn jhbdbahd` qcn{|dof cdl `heh|fl |cfqf

da|hzh|hfq |n dachfzf |cfh{ nw|heve qh|vd|hnb dq qnv{af nj `hzf`hcnnlq"

l( Hbj{dq|{va|v{f * Lhqdq|f{ Edbdofefb|" \chq w`dbbhbo w{nk`feq kdqhad``x kfanef

{f`d|f nbf |n dbn|cf{ hb |chq edbbf{, d| jh{q|" [fcdkh`h|d|hnb dbl anbq|{va|hnb nj

hbj{dq|{va|v{fq evq| kfbfjh|q |cf {n`f nj lhqdq|f{ eh|hod|hnb dbl jv|v{f lhqdq|f{

w{fwd{flbfqq jn{ fzdavd|hnb" \cf{fjn{f |cf w`dbbhbo w{nk`feq anzf{ |cf hqqvf |n

w{nzhlf kf||f{ {ndl bf|n{iq dbl l{dhbdof |cd| d`qn n{iq lv{hbo fef{ofbax

{fqwnbqf, `dbl vqf, fzdavd|hnb kvh`lhboq #w`dafq(, w{fqf{zd|hnb d{fdq, dbl qn jn{|c"



Daan{lhbo |n I`nq|f{edb #488:(, |cf{f d{f jnv{ d{ovefb|q jn{ dbl dodhbq| w`dbbhbo bdef`x

fanbneha d{ovefb|q, w`v{d`hq| d{ovefb|q, |{dlh|hnbd` d{ovefb|q, dbl Ed{shq| d{ovefb|q"

\cnqf |xwfq nj d{ovefb|q w{nzhlf {f`fzdbax cf|cf{ qnef qnahd` qf||hbo nv`l fbl vw hb

bfafqqh|x nj w`dbbhbo n{ bn|" Hb |chq adqf, w`dbbhbo hq bfflfl hb |cf jn{e nj, fanbneha,

w`v{d`hq|, dbl Ed{shq| dww{ndacfq"

J{ne |cf fanbneha d{ovefb|‘q wnhb| nj zhf, f qff |cd| |cf{f‘q db fshq|fbaf nj ed{if|

jdh`v{f dbl w{hqnbf{‘q lh`feed anblh|hnb hb Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof, |cvq h| qvwwn{| |cf fshq|fbaf

nj qvac w`dbbhbo hb jn{e nj AQW" \cf ed{if| jdh`v{f cdwwfbfl kfadvqf av{{fb| ed{if| dbl

d`` h|q w{hzd|f‘q da|n{q {f`d|fl lnb‘| w{nzhlf dlftvd|f qf||`fefb| dbl h|q hbj{dq|{va|v{fq |cd|

nv`l eh|hod|f n{ fbcdbaf zh``dof‘q {fqh̀ hfbaf |nd{lq lhqdq|f{ {hqi" Dq j{ne w{hqnbf{‘q

lh`feed wnhb| nj zhf, kfjn{f |cf{f‘q db hb|{nlva|hnb nj AQW |cf{f d{f bn an``fa|hzf fjjn{|q

j{ne |cf aneevbh|x |n qcdwf |cfh{ zh̀ `dof qwd|hd` d{{dbofefb| dbl hbj{dq|{va|v{f

lfzf`nwefb|" \cf{fjn{f, |c{nvoc AQW |cf{f‘q d wvk`ha lnavefb| |cd| dll{fqq lfzf`nwefb|dofbld dbl h|q w{nzhqhnb nj onnlq dbl qf{zhafq"

Nb |cf n|cf{ cdbl, wd{d``f` |cf Ed{shq| d{ovefb|q cn qdhl |cd| |cf {n`f nj w`dbbhbo hb

anb|fewn{d{x qnahf|x adb kf vblf{q|nnl nb`x kx {fanobh}hbo |cf q|{va|v{f nj enlf{b

adwh|d`hqeq h| {f`d|fq |n |cf wcxqhad` fbzh{nbefb|" \cf{fjn{f, h|cnv| w`dbbhbo hb|f{zfb|hnb

|cf{f nv`l kf bn anbaf{b dbl dd{fbfqq |n fbcdbaf {fqh`hfbaf nj |cf zh``dof w{hn{ |n |cf

lhqdq|f{‘q {hqi" Hb dllh|hnb j{ne w`v{d`hq| d{ovefb|‘q wnhb| nj zhf, f adb d`qn qff |cd|

h|cnv| |chq |xwf nj w`dbbhbo hb|f{zfb|hnb |cf{f nv`l kf bn hbq|h|v|hnbq |cd| {dhqf defbh|x

`fzf`q, hba{fdqf fjjhahfbax hb |cf wf{jn{edbaf nj bfafqqd{x jvba|hnbq, dbl w{nen|f cfd`|c,

qdjf|x dbl anbzfbhfbaf"

A" NZF[ZHF_ NJ \CF W@DBBHBO W[NLVA\= \cf Wdbdbmvbo Zh̀ `dof

Aneevbh|x Qf||`fefb| W`db

Aneevbh|x Qf||`fefb| W`db #AQW( hq d aneevbh|x kdqfl w{no{de hb|{nlvafl kx `nad`

BON ad``fl LEA h|c edhb ond`q |n {fkvh`l |cf hbj{dq|{va|v{f dbl h|q qv{{nvblhbo, chac

hq w`dbbfl |n kf vblf{|difb jn{ 6 xfd{q" \cf dkqfbaf nj ibn`flof dknv| |qvbdeh

{fqv`|fl hb |n|d` `nqq nj `hjf, w{nwf{|x, dbl `hzf`hcnnl" Hb {fqwnbqf |n |chq, |chq w{no{de

dhefl |n fewcdqh}f |cf bffl jn{ ann{lhbd|hnb h|chb n{odbh}d|hnbq dbl qfoefb|q nj |cf

aneevbh|x, {d|cf{ |cdb ‐aneedbl dbl anb|{n`―" Hb |cf fbl |chq lhqdq|f{ w`dbbhbo dq

fswfa|fl |n kf `hq|fl hb |cf |nw nj `nad` onzf{befb| dofbld, dbl kf d {fjf{fbaf jn{

wd{|hahwd|n{x lfzf`nwefb|"

Dj|f{ dènq| d xfd{ nj wd{|hahwd|n{x da|hzh|hfq h|c |cf aneevbh|x, \cf Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof

AQW W`db jhbd``x jhbhqcfl jn{ xfd{ ;778 vb|h` ;741 wf{hnl" Hb ofbf{d`, h| anzf{q |cf

aneevbh|x zhqhnb, ehqqhnb, w{no{de, dbl da|hnbq jn{ qf||`fefb| {fcdkh̀ h|d|hnb dbl

{fanbq|{va|hnb dq f`` dq zh``dof qwd|hd` w`db h|c qfzf{d` lhqdq|f{ eh|hod|hnb dqwfa|q" Hb

dllh|hnb, lvf |n |cf `dai nj ehl|f{e lfzf`nwefb| w`db, h| dq kf`hfzfl kx |cf w`dbbf{

#LEA Wdbodbld{db( dbl |cf zh``dof `fdlf{ |cd| AQW edx qvh|q |n jv`jh`` |cd| bfafqqh|x"



D| jh{q|, h| dq q|d|fl d| |cf fd{`x wd{| nj Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof AQW |cd| |cf zhqhnb qcdwfl kx

aneevbh|x dq ‐|n qcdwf anew{fcfbqhzf lfzf`nwefb| kdqfl nb wn|fb|hd` bd|v{d`

{fqnv{afq dq d {fqh h̀fb| |nv{hqe zh``dof, wd{|hahwd|fl kx anewf|fb| cvedb {fqnv{afq―

#Wdbdbmvbo Zh`̀ dof AQW, ;773(" J{ne |cf zhqhnb, f edx hbjf{ |cd| qvac lhqdq|f{

dd{fbfqq cdq kffb d{hqhbo h|chb aneevbh|x" \chq d`qn qvwwn{|fl h|c {f`d|fl

aneevbh|x ehqqhnb dq jn``nq= 4( Lfzf`nwhbo d |nv{hqe lfq|hbd|hnb9 ;( Lfzf`nwhbo d

{fqh`hfb| |nv{hqe zh``dof9 1( Anbqf{zhbo andq|d` d{fdq9 <( Hew{nzhbo fanbneha, do{hav`|v{f,

flvad|hnb, cfd`|c, dbl fbzh{nbefb| lfzf`nwefb|9 dbl 6( Lfzf`nwhbo anewf|fb| cvedb

{fqnv{afq"Hb n{lf{ |n cdzf w{nwf{ da|hnbq hb |cf jv|v{f, dj|f{ |cf zhqhnb ‑ ehqqhnb

q|d|fefb| |cfb Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof AQW d`qn cdzf |cf `hq| nj lfzf`nwefb| q|{d|fox dq

jn``nq=

4( Qnahd` Q|{d|fox= edhb`x |n anwf |cf anblh|hnb nj choc anq| flvad|hnb, |cf{fjn{f |cf

KIE h|c Zh``dof Onzf{befb| lfqhobd|fl |n w{nwnqf wnqqhk`f dqqhq|dbaf jn{ ach`l{fb

cn cdl |n `fdzf qacnn` fd{`hf{, w{nwnqf dqqhq|dbaf |n fbanv{dof dd{fbfqq denbowd{fb|q, dbl d`qn |n w{nwnqf dqqhq|dbaf jn{ qacnn` kvh`lhboq dbl jdah`h|hfq"

;( Cfd`|c Q|{d|fox = edhb`x |n anwf |cf `dai nj aneevbh|x dd{fbfqq |n cfd`|cx kfcdzhn{,

|cf{fjn{f |cf KIE d`nboqhlf Zh``dof Onzf{befb| h`` w{nwnqf dqqhq|dbaf j{ne eflhad`

q|djj |n cf`w |cf hew{nzfefb| nj cfd`|c qf{zhaf, w{nwnqf jn{ anb|hbvnvq adewdhob lvf

|n cfd`|cx kfcdzhn{, dbl hew{nzfefb| nb wnn{ `nad` cfd`|c jdah`h|hfq

1( Fanbneha Q|{d|fox= edhb`x |n anwf h|c |cf anblh|hnb |cd| jhqcf{edb `dai nj adwh|d` dbl

ibn`flof, |cf{fjn{f |cf KIE d`nboqhlf Zh``dof Onzf{befb| h`` w{nwnqf o{db| jn{ |cf

jhqcf{efb, anb|hbvnvq adwdah|x kvh`lhbo jn{ jhqcf{efb, w{nwnqf o{db| jn{ kf||f{

|facbn`nox, dbl w{nwnqf o{db| jn{ jhqcf{efb‘q annwf{d|hnb lfzf`nwefb|"

<( Fbzh{nbefb|d` Q|{d|fox= edhb`x |n anwf h|c |cf anblh|hnb |cd| |cf zh``dof `daiq nj

tvd`h|x hb a`fdb d|f{, qdbh|d{x, dbl wn``v|db|, |cf{fjn{f kdqhad``x |cf q|{d|fox dq

lfqhobd|fl |n lfzf`nw dlftvd|f hbj{dq|{va|v{fq jn{ d`` |cd| bfafqqh|x dq f`` dq |n

acdbof |cf kfcdzhn{ nj |cf aneevbh|x"

Jn``nhbo |cd| ofbf{d` wd{| nj Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof AQW chac anzf{fl |cf zhqhnb, ehqqhnb,

w{hbahwd ,̀ dbl q|{d|fox9 |cfb |cf {fq| nj AQW qvkq|dbaf anzf{q |cf edhb wd{| chac

anb|dhbq |cf zh``dof hbj{dq|{va|v{f lfzf`nwefb| w`db dbl zh``dof eh|hod|hnb w`db dbl

fef{ofbax {fqwnbqf" H| qcnv`l kf bn|fl |cd| d`` nj |cnqf |c{ff wd{|q, w{fjdafl kx

dlftvd|f {fwn{|hbo wd{| nj dbd`xqhq chac adef j{ne |cf wd{|hahwd|n{x da|hzh|hfq anzf{q d``nj |cf zh``dof dqwfa|q hba`vlf |cf kvh`| dbl bd|v{d` fbzh{nbefb|d` dqwfa|, qnahd`, dbl

fanbnex"

\cf hbj{dq|{va|v{f lfzf`nwefb| w`db chac hba`vlfl hb \cf AQW hq dq jn``nq= `dbl vqf

w`db, {ndl qxq|fe, l{dhbdof qxq|fe, f`fa|{hah|x, a`fdb d|f{, qdbh|d|hnb, dbl dq|f"

\c{nvoc d wd{|hahwd|n{x edbbf{, |cf aneevbh|x nb`x adb {fqv`|hbo `dbl vqf w`db chac

nb`x lhzhlf hb|n qhew`f lhzhqhnb= w{fqf{zf dbl v|h`h|x d{fd" \cf w{fqf{zf d{fd |cfb anzf{q

|cf lfqhobd|hnb jn{ d{fdq chac d{f `nad` w{fqf{zf jvba|hnbq qvac dq |cf `dbl

d{{dbofefb| jn{ `nad` {hzf{ kdbiq, anbqf{zhbo andq|d` khnlhzf{qh|x, kvh`lhbo lhqdq|f{ d{fd

afb|f{ hb Wdbdbmvbo Zh`̀ dof cd``, dbl hbh|hd`h}hbo fd{`x d{bhbo qxq|fe" Dq |cf v|h`h}d|hnb

d{fd, h| lhzhlfl kx |cf aneevbh|x |n kf jhzf jvba|hnbq dq jn`̀ nq9 do{hav`|v{f d{fd,



w`db|d|hnb d{fd, hblvq|{hd` d{fd, dbl |nv{hqe d{fd" Fzfb |cnvoc |cf `dbl vqf w`db dq bn|

d lf|dh` nbf, `hif h| qcnv`l kf hb }nbhbo w`db n{ qn, |cf `dbl vqf w`db tvh|f fbln{qf |cf

aneevbh|x |n kf en{f dd{f hb `nnihbo dj|f{ `dbl vqf hb |cfh{ zh``dof"

\cf AQW, dq h| q|d|fl fd{`hf{, w{nzhlf |cf aneevbh|x w`db |n lfzf`nw |cfh{ {ndl dq f`` dq

|cf l{dhbdof" Aneevbh|x |cfb hew{nzfq |fb|x jnv{ fzdavd|hnb {ndlq" \cf hew{nzfefb|

nj |cf {ndlq qxq|fe d`qn vblf{fb| hb d |nof|cf{bfqq edbbf{ ibnb dq on|nbo {nxnbo "

\cf lfahqhnbq |n vqf anba{f|f {d|cf{ |cdb dqwcd`| jn{ |cf {ndlq d`qn cdzf d efdbhbo qn

|cd| aneevbh|x dq dk`f |n n{i nb h| |nof|cf{" Jn{ l{dhbdof, aneevbh|x w`dbbfl |n

hew{nzf |fb l{dhbdof dxq hb |cf edhb {ndlq dbl jnv{ l{dhbdofq hb |cf fzdavd|hnb {ndlq"

\cf anbq|{va|hnb jhbdbahd` qvwwn{| jn{ {ndlq dbl l{dhbdof hew{nzfefb| adef j{ne \cf

M[J dq h| dq wv{wnqfl |n ln qn" Nb |cf n|cf{ cdbl, w`dbq jn{ f`fa|{hah|x, qff{dof,

dq|f, dbl a`fdb d|f{ lfzf`nwefb| kdqhad``x f{f db dllh|hnb qn |cd| |cf AQW edx

kfadef d kdqf`hbf jn{ |cf aneevbh|x |n {dhqf |cfh{ znhaf hb n|cf{ n{ `d{of{ qad`f nj w`dbbhbo w{nafqq #qvac dq Ahdehq [fofbax Qwd|hd`.Lfzf`nwefb| W`db( n{ jn{ |cfh{

dqwh{d|hnb d| {f`d|fl lfzf`nwefb| hbh|hd|hzf"

#4d( #4k(

Jhov{f 4 @dbl Vqf W`db #4d( dbl [ndl Bf|wn{i W`db #4k( Daan{lhbo |n AQWQnv{af= Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof AQW Lnavefb|

\cf `dq| jvbldefb|d` dqwfa| hb Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof AQW Lnavefb| dq |cf eh|hod|hnb

dqwfa| w{hn{ |n jv|v{f lhqdq|f{ {hqi" Hb n{lf{ |n lfzf`nw db dww{nw{hd|f lhqdq|f{ eh|hod|hnb

w`db, |cf aneevbh|x n{odbh}f{ d`nboqhlf h|c |cf aneevbh|x efekf{q |{hfl |n dkqn{k

dqwh{d|hnb {f`d|fl |n lhqdq|f{" \cf edwwhbo anzf{q |cf aneevbh|x {fqwnbqf fswf{hfbaf

hb ;77: |qvbdeh, fswfa|fl aneevbh|x fd{`x d{bhbo qxq|fe, fswfa|fl qf{zhafq jn{ jv|v{f

fef{ofbax {fqwnbqf, fswfa|fl jv|v{f fzdavd|hnb jdah`h|hfq, dbl fswfa|fl hbq|h|v|hnbq jn{

lf`hzf{hbo lhqdq|f{ edbdofefb| qf{zhafq"

J{ne |cf edwwhbo da|hzh|hfq {f`d|fl |n aneevbh|x {fqwnbqf w{hn{ |n db fd{|ctvdif n{

|qvbdeh, h| dq ibnb |cd| kdqhad``x |cfx cdzf kdqha ibn`flof9 jn{ hbq|dbaf |cf

aneevbh|x d`{fdlx ibf |cd| |cfx qcnv`l dznhl kvh`lhboq dbl {db |n chocf{ o{nvbl hb d

|qvbdeh fzfb|" Cnfzf{, |cfx ln bn| cdzf lf|dh`fl ibn`flof hb {fqwnblhbo |n

fd{|ctvdif dbl |qvbdeh fzfb|" Nb |cf n|cf{ cdbl, jn{ aneevbh|x fd{`x d{bhbo qxq|fe|cfx fswfa|fl db hew{nzfefb| nb qh{fb qxq|fe dbl `nad` |nn` #ibnb dq ifb|nbodb



chac edlf j{ne kdeknn(" \cf qh{fb qxq|fe |cfb d`{fdlx hbq|d``fl chac w{nzhlfl kx

|cf onzf{befb| dbl {db kx |cf `nad` aneevbh|x" Dq jn{ jv|v{f fef{ofbax {fqwnbqf

qf{zhaf, |cf aneevbh|hfq fswfa| d kf||f{ a`fdb d|f{ dbl qdbh|d|hnb hb |cf {fjvoff adew"

Hb dllh|hnb |cfx d`qn cnwf jn{ kf||f{ fef{ofbax qvwwn{| qvac dq jnnlq, |fewn{d{x

qcf`|f{, eflhahbfq, cfd`|c qf{zhafq, dbl qn nb"

Hb n{lf{ |n hew{nzf hbq|h|v|hnbd` kdqf jn{ lhqdq|f{ edbdofefb|, |cf aneevbh|x fswfa|q

|n hbq|h|v|hnbq |n cn`l |chq edhb {n`f chac d{f |cf fshq|fl Kdldb Wf{edqxd{did|db

Lfqd #KWL . Zh``dof Anvbah`( dbl @fekdod Wfekf{ldxddb Edqxd{did| #@WE .

Aneevbh|x Fewnf{efb| Hbq|h|v|hnbq(" \cf aneevbh|x fswfa| KWL |n d||dhb hbq|h|v|hnbd`

ed||f{q dq f`` dq ann{lhbd|hnb h|c chocf{ `fzf` nj onzf{befb| hb lhqdq|f{ edbdofefb|9

dq jn{ @WE, |cf aneevbh|x fswfa| |cfe lfzf`nw aneevbh|x kdqfl lhqdq|f{ edbdofefb|

dbl da|hnbq" Hb dllh|hnb, |cf aneevbh|x fswfa|q |cf Id{dbo \d{vbd #Xnv|c O{nvw( jn{

hbzn`zhbo en{f hb lhqdq|f{ hqqvfq dbl d`qn cnwhbo jn{ fq|dk`hqchbo d `nad` fef{ofbaxzn`vb|ff{"

@dq|`x, hb |cf Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof AQW Lnavefb|, aneevbh|x lfzf`nwfl w`db jn{

hew{nzhbo |cfh{ fzdavd|hnb {nv|f, fzdavd|hnb d{fd, dbl fzdavd|hnb qhobhbo" \cf

aneevbh|x |cfb do{ffl |n hew{nzf |fb|x%jnv{ fzdavd|hnb {nv|fq hb Id{dbo Qd{h cde`f|

d{fd" D`` nj |cf {nv|fq cdzf cdl anbq|{va|hnb hew{nzfefb|, hba`vlf wdzfefb| dbl `hoc|hbo

ftvhwefb| jn{ bhoc| |hef fzdavd|hnb" \cf fzdavd|hnb qhobhbo dq dk`f |n kf jnvbl hb jn{e

nj fzdavd|hnb edwq dbl lh{fa|hnb qhobhbo #|fb|x%|c{ff wnhb|q( chac d`qn fdqx |n

vblf{q|dbl lv{hbo bhoc| |hef fzdavd|hnb" Nb |cf n|cf{ cdbl, aneevbh|x cdzf do{ffl

a{h|f{hdq jn{ fzdavd|hnb kvh`lhbo chac f{f d w`daf |cd| dk`f |n anb|dhb 4777 wfnw`f,

cfhoc| dknzf ;6 ef|f{q dknzf qfd `fzf`, dbl `nad|fl 4 ie j{ne |cf qcn{f`hbf " Cnfzf{,

qhbaf |cf{f f{f bn qvh|dk`f d{fdq jn{ fzdavd|hnb hb Wdbdbmvbo, |cvq |cf aneevbh|x

do{ffl |n hew{nzf |cf v|h`h}d|hnb nj choc%{dhqf kvh`lhbo #qvac dq cn|f`q(, enqtvf, dbl

n|cf{ zh``dofq"

Jhov{f 1 Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof Fzdavd|hnb [nv|f, Fqadf Kvh`lhboq Ed, dblFzdavd|hnb Qhobdof Lhq|{hkv|hnb Ed

Qnv{af= Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof AQW Lnavefb|



L" W@DBBHBO W[NAFQQ

Hb n{lf{ |n dbd`x}f |cf w`dbbhbo wd{dlhoe, cf{fh|c |cf k{hfj q|fwq nj |cf Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof

AQW fbda|efb|= 4( Qnahd`h}d|hnb, hb|{nlva|hnb, dq f`` dq `fod` dlehbhq|{d|hzf w{fwd{d|hnb nj

|cf AQ[[W |n |cf `nad` onzf{befb|9 ;( Qnahd`h}d|hnb nj |cf AQW fbda|efb| d| qvk ‑ zh``dof

#lvqvb( `fzf`, |chq dq efdb| |n kf d hb|{nlva|hnb dq f`` dq w{fwd{d|hnb jn{ |cf aneevbh|x9

1( Aneevbh|x eff|hbo #ad``fl ‐{fekvo lfqd― ( |n dqqv{f |cd| fzf{xnbf h`` daafw| |cf

fbda|efb| w{nafqq nj AQW9 <( \c{ff wd{d`f` Jnavq O{nvw Lhqavqqhnb #JOL( chac mnhb| kx

|cf aneevbh|x efekf{" \cnqf d{f JOL nb lhqdq|f{ |cfef chac dhe |n hlfb|hjx

Wdbodbld{db Zh``dof lhqdq|f{ {hqi, JOL nb hbq|h|v|hnbq |cfef chac dhe |n lhqavqq cf|cf{

|cf fshq|hbo hbq|h|v|hnbq adb kf jvba|hnbfl jn{ jv|v{f hbq|h|v|hnbq cne h`` fbda| |cf AQW dq

f`` ann{lhbd|f |cf AQ[WW w{nmfa|, dbl JOL nb `fdlf{qchw |cfef chac jnavq |n hlfb|hjx

|cf a{h|f{hd nj `fdlf{qchw dqwfa| jn{ |cf f`fa|hnb nj Kdldb Ifqdldxddb Edqxd{did| #KIE .

aneevbh|x {fw{fqfb|d|hzf( cne h`̀ `fdl |cf fbda|efb| nj AQW9 6( \cf f`fa|hnb dblqf`fa|hnb nj \he Hb|h Wf{fbadbd #\HW . An{f W`dbbf{ \fde( chac h`` `fdl |cf zh``dof

w`dbbhbo hba`vlf |cf |{dbqfa| da|hzh|x dbl qn nb" \cf \HW efekf{ mnhb| kx 4? wf{qnbq dbl

|cfx cdzf kffb odzf dlftvd|f |{dhbhbo j{ne |cf LEA Wdbodbld{db9 :( \cf f`fa|hnb jn{

KIE efekf{ q|d{|fl j{ne [vivb \f|dbood #[\ . bfhockn{cnnl( `fzf`, [vivb _d{od #[_ .

o{nvwq nj bfhockn{cnnl( `fzf`, dbl zh``dof `fzf`" Hb fdac `fzf` |cf aneevbh|x h`` f`fa| 1

#|c{ff( efekf{q9 ?( \{dbqfa| da|hzh|x #wd{|hahwd|n{x edwwhbo( chac `fdlq kx \cf \HW dbl

tvfq|hnbbdh{f lhq|{hkv|hnb h|c 6 qdew`fq hb fdac [\" \cf |{dbqfa| da|hzh|x hba`vlf qnahd`

ed||f{ #cfd`|c dbl flvad|hnb(, fanbnex ed||f{ #`hzf`hcnnl dbl qn nb(, fbzh{nbefb|d`

ed||f{, dbl qn nb9 3( Qnahd`h}d|hnb dbl lhqanv{qf lvf |n |cf {fqv`| nj |{dbqfa| da|hzh|x" \chq

d`qn hba`vlfq jfed`f o{nvwq‘ lhqavqqhnb |n nzf{anef |cf `heh|d|hnb nj jfed`f hbzn`zfefb| hb

ofbf{d` lhqavqqhnb9 8( Lhqavqqhnb jn{ |{dbqfa| {fqv`| chac {fqv`|fl |cf zhqhnb, ehqqhnb,

w{no{deq, dbl da|hnbq h`` kf anblva|fl hb Wdbdbmvbo Zh`̀ dof9 47( |cf qnahd`h}d|hnb nj

zhqhnb, ehqqhnb, w{no{deq, dbl da|hnbq {fzhffl nb |n Zh``dof Lhqavqqhnbq #Evqxdd{dc

Lfqd(" \chq d`qn hba`vlf |cf lfahqhnb edihbo w{nafqq jn{ |cnqf qvkq|dbaf efb|hnbfl

fd{`hf{9 44( [fqv`| j{ne |cf 4q| dbl ;bl Zh``dof Lhqavqqhnbq |cfb kfhbo wvk`hqcfl |c{nvoc

w{hb|fl ed|f{hd`q #wnq|f{( chac qw{fdl nv| da{nqq zh``dof h|c dlftvd|f qwdaf jn{ |cf

wfnw`f |n aneefb| lh{fa|`x nb |cd| wnq|f{9 4;( Wvk`ha anbqv`|d|hnb h|c d`` |cf wfnw`f, n|cf{

zh``dofq |cd| fbda|fl qheh`d{ AQW, dbl `nad` onzf{befb| nj Ahdehq [fofbax" \chq wd{|

kdqhad``x jn{ `foh|hed|fl |cf AQW9 dbl 41( |cf `dq| q|fw dq |cf Zh``dof Eff|hbo jn{ lfahlhbo|cf aneevbh|x wd{|hahwd|hnb dbl aneevbh|x {fqnv{af d``nad|hnb hb fsfav|hbo |cf AQW

qvkq|dbaf"



Jhov{f : Q|dofq hb |cf Fbda|efb| nj AQWQnv{af= LEA Wdbodbld{db

Vqhbo |cf a`dqqhjhad|hnb j{ne K{nniq #;77;(, f jnvbl |cd| |cf w`dbbhbo w{nafqq nj AQWkdqhad``x lhlb‘| jn`̀ n nb`x nbf |xwf nj w`dbbhbo wd{dlhoe9 cfbaf h| qcnfl qfzf{d`

acd{da|f{ bdef`x dlznadax w`dbbhbo, anew{fcfbqhzf {d|hnbd` w`dbbhbo, dbl aneevbhad|hzf

da|hnb" \cf enq| qhobhjhadb| qhobd|v{f adef j{ne {d|hnbd` ‑ lfafb|{d`h}fl w`dbbhbo dww{ndac

n{ hb n|cf{ n{l db dlznadax w`dbbhbo" Kdqhad``x, dènq| fzf{x Ldzhlnjj‘q ifx wnhb|q

#daan{lhbo |n Afaindx, 488<( nj dlznadax w`dbbhbo adb kf fdqh`x qffb hb |cf w{nafqq9

bdef`x w`dbbhbo dq w{nafqq |n dll{fqq d hlf {dbof nj qnahf|d` w{nk`feq, |n hew{nzf

anblh|hnbq jn{ d`` wfnw`f ch`f fewcdqh}hbo {fqnv{afq dbl nwwn{|vbh|hfq jn{ |cnqf `daihbo,

dbl d`qn fswdbl {fw{fqfb|d|hnb dbl wd{|hahwd|hnb nj |{dlh|hnbd``x fsa`vlfl o{nvw jn{ lfahqhnb

edihbo"

\dk`f 4 [f`fzdbax kf|wffb Dlznadax W`dbbhbo Wd{dlhoe dbl Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof AQW

[f`fzdbaf wh|cDlznadax W`dbbhboWd{dlhoe

Jhblhboq nb Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof Aneevbh|x Qf||`fefb| W`db

\facbhad` dqqhq|dbaf *{fw{fqfb|d|hnb #Ldzhlnjj(

\facbhad` dqqhq|dbaf hb w`dbbhbo w{nafqq, lnavefb| fb{hacefb|,lfahqhnb edihbo" [fw{fqfb|d|hnb . dlznad|hzf da|hnbq |nd{lqn|cf{ da|n{q #`nad` onzf{befb|, HBON, f|a"(

Fshq|fbaf nj w{doed|ha{d|hnbd`h|x edbbf{ Vqdof nj {d|hnbd` |facbhtvf dbl nv|wv| dq d kdqf`hbf dbl |nfb{hac aneevbh|x vblf{q|dblhbo dknv| |cfh{ av{{fb| anblh|hnbq"



\cf nv|wv| q|h`` kfhbo l{hzfb |n jv`jh`` |cf kdqha {ftvh{fefb| nj |cfw{nmfa|"

Lfahqhnb Edihbo Edmn{ lfahqhnb hb |cf cdblq nj |cf ah|h}fb |c{nvoc qf{hfq nj aneevbh|x eff|hboq #h|c jdah`h|d|hnb j{ne |cf w`dbbf{(

Fbcdbaf wd{|hav`d{ hb|f{fq| o{nvw

Zv`bf{dk`f o{nvw edwwhbo #nedb, qfbhn{ ah|h}fb, ach`l(, JOLjn{ nedb, f|a"

Dlznadax w`dbbf{q dblh|q da|hzh|hfq q|h`` h|chb |cfqxq|fe

Aneevbh|x w{nwnqf jn{ vqhbo AQW dq |cfh{ zh``dof qwd|hd` w`db,AQW {f`d|hnbq h|c AQ[WW dbl M[J qxq|fe, dl znad|hnb jn{ AQWqvkq|dbaf |n ̀ d{of{ lfzf`nwefb|d` qxq|fe hb Ahdehq [fofbax#Evq{fbkdbo, fbda|efb| nj [\[_, f|a("

N{hfb|d|hnb |nd{lq zd`vfh|chb aneevbh|x

Zn`vb|d{x kdqfl, a{h|f{hd lfzf`nwefb| jn{ KIE dbl \HW f`fa|hnbdbl h|q lfena{d|ha edbbf{, on|nbo {nxnbo zd`vf h|chbhew`fefb|d|hnb, f|a"

Qnv{af= Dbd`xqhq, ;747

Dq jn{ |cf edhb qhobd|v{f nj anew{fcfbqhzf {d|hnbd` edbbf{ hq |cf vqdof nj qfzf{d`

|facbna{d|ha |nn`q, `hif edwq jn{ kdqf edw, tvfq|hnbbdh{f, q|d|hq|ha ld|d, qn jn{|c" \chq

dww{ndac dq bn| qn`f`x |cf lnehbdb| dww{ndac kfadvqf |cf AQW |{hfl |n {fanobh}f av{{fb|

anblh|hnbq dbl jv|v{f bfafqqh|x |c{nvoc n|cf{ dxq" Hb dllh|hnb, |cf edbbf{ nj

aneevbhad|hzf da|hnb fewcdqh}hbo |cd| w`dbbhbo d{f bn| mvq| fsacdbofq nj n{lq kv| {fj`fa|

d zd{hf|x nj hbq|h|v|hnbd`, wn`h|had`, dbl wnf{ {f`d|hnb #Edbl`fkdve, 488:, w"1:3 ‑ 1:8("

Hbzn`zfefb| nj q|difcn`lf{ |n |v{bq nv| |n kf qcd{fcn`lf{ dbl aneevbhad|hnb kf|ffb AQW

w{nafqq dbl qvkq|dbaf |n zd{hnvq hbq|h|v|hnbq dbl |nd{lq `d{of{ qad`f nj w`dbbhbo da|vd``x

qcnq |chq acd{da|f{hq|ha" Cnfzf{ |cf `heh|d|hnb |cd| edlf |chq dww{ndac bn| |cf w{hed{x

wd{dlhoe d{f dq jn``nq= 4( @heh|d|hnb nb av`|hzd|hbo aneevbh|x bf|n{iq `hdhqnbq |n dll{fqq

aneevbh|x fewnf{efb| dbl {flvahbo {fw{fqfb|d|hnb‘q lfedbl9 ;( `dai nj flvad|hnb jn{

ah|h}fb nb w`dbbhbo w{nafqq d{fd, dlzdbaf |facbhad` ibn`flof #anbq|{va|hnb, fanbnex,

f|a(9 wn`h|had` hbjn{ed|hnb9 dbl 1( `dai nj zf{hjhad|hnb nj qxeef|{had` daafqq |n w`dbbhbo

hbjn{ed|hnb jn{ d`` |cf wfnw`f h|chb aneevbh|x"

\dk`f ; [f`fzdbax kf|wffb Ane{fcfbqhzf [d|hnbd` dbl Aneevbhad|hzf Da|hnb

Wd{dlhoe dbl Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof AQW

[f`fzdbaf wh|c

Ane{fcfbqhzf [d|hnbd`Wd{dlhoe

Jhblhboq nb Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof Aneevbh|x Qf||`fefb| W`db

W{doed|ha {d|hnbd h̀|x Nw|heh}d|hnb nj dzdh̀ dk`f ibn`flof, qahfb|hjha ef|cnl, dbl|facbhtvf |n fb{hac |cf AQW w`dbbhbo w{nafqq dbl w{nlva| #h"f"edwwhbo |facbhtvf, kvlof|hbo, tvfq|hnbbdh{fq, f|a("

W{fqa{hkfl q|fwq Ond`q ç d`|f{bd|hzfq ç anbqftvfbafq ç acnhaf ç

hew`fefb|d|hnbç fzd`vd|hnb

Bd|v{f nj q|{d|foha w`dbbhbo Zhqhnb ‑ ehqqhnb q|d|fefb| ç Q_N\ #n{ qheh`d{( dbd`xqhq( çdbd`xqhq nb qwfahjha hqqvfq |n kf dll{fqqfl #Aneevbh|x

q|{d|fox‘q wd{|(ç anv{qfq nj da|hnbq |n nk|dhb zhqhnb"



[f`fzdbaf wh|cAneevbhad|hzf Da|hnbqWd{dlhoe

Jhblhboq nb Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof Aneevbh|x Qf||`fefb|W`db

[n`f nj w`dbbf{ Fbcdbafefb| j{ne jdah`h|d|n{ nj lfahqhnb edihbo #dlznadax( |nanbqfbqvq kvh`lf{

Fjjn{|q nb bv{|v{hbo onnlaneevbhad|hnb

W{fzfb| jd`qf w{nehqfq, an{{fa| ehq`fdlhbo fswfa|d|hnbq,bv{|v{f cnwfq, wn h̀ax dbl lfzf`nwefb| lfqhob, dll{fqqlhd`novf nb zd`vfq dbl hb|f{fq|"


F" \CF [N@F NJ W@DBBF[

Jh{q|`x, h| qcnv`l kf a`fd{ |cd| |cf w`dbbf{ hb |chq anb|fs| dq |cf fb|h{f efekf{ nj LEA

Wdbodbld{db" \c{nvoc |cf w{nafqq, h| hq a`fd{`x qffb |cd| |chq w{no{de adbbn| wnqqhk`x kf

anblva|fl kx w`dbbf{q d`nbf" Kfqhlfq |cd|, nbf nj |cf edhb wv{wnqfq nj |chq w{no{de hq |n

fbanv{dof |cf wd{|hahwd|hnb nj `nad` aneevbh|x" H| dheq |n d``n aneevbh|x dq d qvkmfa|%

hbq|fdl nj nkmfa| dq h| vqfl |n% hb w`dbbhbo w{nafqq"

Lvf |n |cf nv|wv| dknv| |cf w`dbbhbo wd{dlhoe, qn kdqhad``x |cf {n`f nj w`dbbf{ hb |chq

anb|fs| |fblq |n kf db dlznad|f w`dbbf{" Kdqhad``x Ldzhlnjj #48:6( dll{fqqfl |cd| dlznad|f

w`dbbf{ ln |n edhb f`nwfefb|q= |facbhad` dqqhq|dbaf dbl {fw{fqfb|d|hnb" \cf fswdbqhnb

nj |n f`fefb|q q|{f|ac |nd{lq qfzf{d` |chboq dq jn``nq= 4( [fqwnbqhk`f |n d wd{|hav`d{

hb|f{fq| o{nvw hb aneevbh|x9 ;( D||few| |n fsw{fqq o{nvw‘q zd`vfq dbl nkmfa|hzfq hb |cf

w`dbq |cd| cf.qcf #|cf dlznad|f w`dbbf{( w{nlvaf9 1( Dqqhq| |cf o{nvw hb a`d{hjxhbo |cfh{

zd`vfq dbl nkmfa|hzfq9 <( Fbodofl hb fswdblhbo |cf qh}f dbl qanwf nj |cf

n{odbh}d|hnbq.kfbfjhahd{hfq9 dbl 6( Ad{{x nv| |cf w`dbbhbo w{nafqq jn{ |cf

n{odbh}d|hnb.kfbfjhahd{hfq dbl d{ovf wf{qvdqhzf`x hb jdzn{ nj h|q w`dbbhbo w{nwnqd "̀

\cf{fjn{f, h| adb kf vblf{q|nnl |cd| hb |chq adqf, |cf {n`f nj w`dbbf{q hq bn| nb`x |n qf{zf

wvk`ha hb|f{fq| hb |cf zh``dof kv| d`qn |n jdah`h|d|f q|difcn`lf{q, hba`vlhbo `nad` aneevbh|x hb

|cf {fanzf{x w{nafqq"

\dk`f 1 [f`fzdbax kf|wffb Dlznad|f W`dbbf{ [n`f dbl LEA Wdbodbld{db‘q Da|hnb

hb Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof AQW‘q Fbda|efb|

LEA Wdbodbld{db‘q Da|hnb hb Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof AQW‘qFbda|efb|

[f`fzdbaf wh|c |cf {n`f dqdlznad|f `dbbf{

Anblva| dbl w{nzhlf kdqha hbjn{ed|hnb nj |cf zh``dof #h"f"enbno{dwc, edwq, bd|v{d` cd}d{lq {fan{lq, f|a"(

W{fwd{d|hnb jn{ {d|hnbd` dbd`xqhq



W{f`hehbd{x hb|{nlva|hnb nj AQ[[W dbl AQW"Lf`hzf{hbo w`dbbhbo w{nafqq |n|cf |d{of| o{nvwq

Aneevbhad|f h|c M[J {fw{fqfb|d|hzfq, Ehbhq|{x nj Wvk`ha_n{iq, `nad` onzf{befb|q, n|cf{ BONQ, f|a"

[fw{fqfb|hbo |cf aneevbh|x

\{dhbhbo jn{ \HW, KIE, dqqhq| |cf \{dbqfa|, dqqhq| |cfaneevbh|x dbd`xqhq nb |{dbqfa| jhblhboq, f|a"

\facbhad` dqqhq|dbaf jn{ |cfaneevbh|x

[fwn{|hbo dbl kvlof|hbo lnavefb|d|hnb [d|hnbd` dbd`xqhq edbbf{

Dqqhq| |cf aneevbh|x eff|hboq dbl lfahqhnb edihboJdah`h|d|f lfahqhnb edihbo kxah|h}fb dbl kvh`l anbqfbqvq


J" ANBA@VQHNBQ

\c{nvocnv| |cf wdwf{ h| adb kf hbjf{{fl |cd| Wdbdbmvbo Zh``dof AQW cdq odzf vq edbx

hb|f{fq|hbo wnhb|q |n kf dll{fqqfl h|chb ifx wnhb|q nj w`dbbhbo |cfn{x‘q lhqanv{qf" Hb qcn{|,

{f`d|fl |n |cf d{ovefb|q jn{ dbl dodhbq| w`dbbhbo, f adb {fd``x `fd{b |cd| lfd`hbo kf|ffb

qwd|hd` d{{dbofefb| dbl lhqdq|f{ edbdofefb| hblffl lfedblhbo jn{ hb|f{zfb|hnb j{ne

w`dbbhbo h|chb wvk`ha lnedhb" Jn``nhbo, |cf dww{ndac vqfl hb AQW fbda|efb| hq hblffl

hb|f{fq|hbo chac anbqhq| nj ehs hlfb|h|x nj dlznadax w`dbbhbo, anew{fcfbqhzf {d|hnbd` dbl

aneevbhad|hzf da|hnb" Qnef choc`x dww{fahd|fl wnhb| |cd| f cdzf |n daibn`flof hq |cf

jda| |cd| |c{nvoc |cf dww{ndac |cf{f‘q d qhobhjhadb| nkmfa|hzf‘q hew{nzfefb|, j{ne nb`x dq

kdqf`hbf jn{ daafqqhbo jvblhbo hb|n kdqf`hbf jn{ ofbf{d` zh``dof‘q qwd|hd` w`db" @dq|`x, f d`qn

adb `fd{b qfzf{d` w{dshqfq dknv| |cf {n`f nj dlznad|f w`dbbf{ hb vblf{|dihbo |cfh{

adwdkh`h|hfq" \n fb{hac |cf `nbo {vb lhqanv{qf dknv| w`dbbhbo |cfn{x, cf{f d{f qfzf{d`

hb|f{fq|hbo anba`vqhnbq odhbfl j{ne AQW fswf{hfbafq chac hblffl q|h`` lfedblhbo jn{

jv{|cf{ lhqanv{qf =

4( Anbaf{b‘q nj `dbbf{‘q fshq|fbaf" \cf fshq|fbaf nj w`dbbf{ hb |cf {n`f nj dlznad|f

w`dbbf{ odzf qfzf{d` dllfl zd`vfq `hif |cfh{ h`` |n {fw{fqfb| wd{|hav`d{, cdblhadwwfl,

dbl bfo`fa|fl o{nvwq" Cnfzf{, |cf hqqvf |cfb qchj| hb|n |cf jv|v{f wnqh|hnb nj |cnqf

o{nvwq dj|f{ |cf qf{zhaf |hef nj |cf w`dbbf{, cf|cf{ lv{hbo qcn{| |hef nj w`dbbhbo

w{nafqq |cfb h| |cfb ohzf dww{nw{hd|f wnf{ jn{ |cfe |n q|dbl d`nbf"

;( Jhbd` nkmfa|hzf nj dlznadax `dbbhbo" _f jnvbl |cd| jhbd` nkmfa|hzf nj dlznadax

w`dbbhbo adb kf d||dhbfl" \chq |cfb kdai kx Kn`db #48:?( qdhl |cd| dlznadax jnq|f{

anbj`ha|, cf{f qfdq w`dbbf{q nv`l ln kf||f{ |n jnavq nb kvh`lhbo anbqfbqvq" Cnfzf{,

hb Wdbdbmvbo adqf, wfnw`f {fd`h}fl |cd| |cf w`dbbf{ dbl |cfh{ hlfd dq |cf dx jn{ |cf

aneevbh|x |n odhb jvblhbo |n kvh`l |cfh{ qf||`fefb|, qn edxkf |cfx f{f qhew`x nb`x



dj|f{ |cf dhl" Hb qcn{|, |cf w`dbbf{ cdq w{fzhnvq`x ftvhwwfl |cfeqf`zfq h|c ibn`flof

dbl {fqnv{afq, chac odzf |cfe wnf{ dbl kd{odhbhbo wnqh|hnb"

1( Dlznadax `dbbhbo dbl |cf `d{of{ qad`f" Nbf nj |cf a{h|haq f adb jhbl j{ne edbx`h|f{d|v{f |cd| a{h|hah}hbo dlznadax w`dbbhbo hq |cd| |cfh{ wnqh|hnb chac q|h`` h|chb |cf

`d{of{ ‑ q|d|vq tvn qxq|fe9 dbl h| q|d|fl dq wn h̀|had`̀ x bdhzf kfadvqf |cf{f‘q bn

dllh|hnbd` fbjn{afefb| jn{ |cf w`dbbhbo w{nlva| |n kf fewnf{fl h|chb |cf wn`h|had`

d{fbd" Cnfzf{ AQW fswf{hfbaf qcnfl |cd| kdqhad``x w{nlva| nj dlznadax w`dbbhbo

adb d`qn fewnf{ aneevbh|x |n cdzf kf||f{ kd{odhb wnqh|hnb d| `d{of{ `fzf`"

<( Qvq|dhbdkh`h|x anbaf{b dbl |cf {n`f nj `nad` onzf{befb|.fshq|fl hbq|h|v|hnbq"

Tvfq|hnb nj qvq|dhbdkh`h|x hbq|db|`x fef{ofl lvf |n |cf jda| |cd| dlznadax w`dbbhbo dq

d w{nmfa| kdqfl" \cvq, h| d`qn |fblq |n kfanef nb`x dq aneevbh|x n{odbh}hbo dbl qnahd`w{n|fq| #K{nniq, ;77;(" \n nzf{anef |chq hqqvf, kdqhad``x f qvoofq| fb{hacefb| nj |cf

aneevbh|x n{odbh}hbo dq d adwdah|x kvh`lhbo nj `nad` onzf{befb| ‑ |cfh{ ehblqf|, zd`vf

lvf |n dlznadax w`dbbhbo, `fdlf{qchwq, ibn`flof, dbl qn jn{|c" \cf{fjn{f, |cf zd`vf

dbl qwh{h| {fqv`|fl j{ne dlznadax w`dbbhbo edbbf{ h`` q|h`` fshq|fl dbl |cfb dqqv{f |cd|

dlehbhq|{d|hzf qxq|fe adb daibn`flof nv|wv|q j{ne |chq w`dbbhbo da|hzh|x"

O"[FJF[FBAFQ

%%%%%%%%%% " ;773" Wdbdbmvbo Zh`̀ dof Aneevbh|x Qf||`fefb| W`db" Wdbodbld{db= LEAWdbodbld{db Njjhaf Y[fj" |xwf= wvk`ha lnavefb|U

Dk{hdbqxdc, \" Qhbl, F" Q" ;77?" \qvbdeh Wdbodbld{db" Kdblvbo= Wfbf{kh| QfefbdbmvboY[fj" |xwf= knniU

Kn`db, [" Q " 48:?" Fef{ohbo Zhfq nj W`dbbhbo " Mnv{bd` nj |cf Def{hadb Hbq|h|v|f nj W`dbbf{q, Zn`vef 11 Y[fj" |xwf= mnv{bdÙ

K{nni, E" W" ;77;" W`dbbhbo \cfn{x jn{ W{da|hahnbf{q" Achadon = \cf Def{hadb W`dbbhbo Dqqnahd|hnb Y[fj" |xwf= knniU

Afaindx, K" 488<" Wdv` Ldzhlnjj dbl Dlznadax W`dbbhbo hb [f|{nqwfa| " Mnv{bd` nj |cf Def{hadb W`dbbhbo Dqqnahd|hnb, Qw{hbo Y[fj" |xwf= mnv{bdÙ

Ldzhlnjj, W" 48:6" Dlznadax dbl W`v{d`hqe hb W`dbbhbo " Mnv{bd` nj |cf Def{hadb Hbq|h|v|f nj W`dbbf{q Zn`vef 14 Y[fj" |xwf= mnv{bdÙ

I`nq|f{edb, [" F" 488:" D{ovefb|q Jn{ dbl Dodhbq| W`dbbhbo " YDzdh`dk`f nb`hbf =c||w=.."nv"flv.ricfq.ofno<;6.i`nq|f{edb"wlj U

http://www.wou.edu/~khes/geog425/klosterman.pdf

http://www.wou.edu/~khes/geog425/klosterman.pdf



Edbl`fkdve, Qfxenv{ M " Ed}}d, @vhoh " Kv{acf``, [nkf{| _ " 488: " W{da|hahbo W`dbbhbo \cfn{x hb d Wn`h|had` _n{`l " Afb|f{ jn{ V{kdb Wn`hax [fqfd{ac, [v|of{q Vbhzf{qh|x Y[fj"|xwf= knniU

Eh`fq, Ed|cf K" Cvkf{edb, D" Ehacdf`" 488<" Tvd`h|d|hzf Ld|d Dbd`xqhq, Ad`hjn{bhd= QdofWvk`had|hnbq Y[fj" |xwf= knniU

_hqbf{, Kfb" f| d`" ;77<" D| [hqi= Qfanbl Flh|hnb" @nblnb dbl Bf Xn{i= [nv|`flof Y[fj"

|xwf= knniU

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Planning Theory Insight of Pananjung CSP