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2/19/2018
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Plant Propagation for Successful Hydroponic Production
February 13, 2018
Hye-Ji Kim
Assistant Professor of Sustainable Horticulture Crop Production
Purdue University is an equal access/equal opportunity institution.
What is Hydroponics?
Hydroponics = hydros + ponosWater labor
The cultivation of plants by placing the roots in liquid nutrient solutions rather than in soil; soilless growth of plants.
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Why hydroponics?
Crops can be produced on non‐arable land including land with poor soils and/or high salinity levels.
Efficient use of water and nutrients. High density planting = minimum use of land area. Year‐round production. Local food. Direct and immediate control over the rhizosphere. Isolation from diseases or insect pests usually found in the soil. Higher yield, quality and storability of products. Ease of cleaning the systems. No weeding or cultivation is needed. Transplanting of seedlings is easy.
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Hydroponics Basics
Types of Hydroponics: Water vs. Substrate-base
Open vs. Closed
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Ebb‐and‐flowEbb‐and‐flow
Nutrient Film Techniques (NFT)Nutrient Film Techniques (NFT)
Water-based System Substrate-based System
Types of Hydroponics: Water vs. Substrate-base
AeroponicsAeroponicsDrip irrigationDrip irrigation
Deep water culture “Raft” systemDeep water culture “Raft” system
Source: Chiwon Lee
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Water-based System
Types of Hydroponics: Water vs. Substrate-base
Deep water culture “Raft” systemDeep water culture “Raft” system
Nutrient Film Techniques (NFT)Nutrient Film Techniques (NFT)
AeroponicsAeroponics
Source: Petrus LangenhovenFacility of Great Lakes Growers, Burton, Ohio
Mobile channel system
Source: Chiwon Lee
Source: hydrocentre.com.au
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Traveling plant,Epcot Center, Disney WorldSource: http://www.mosesong.com/
Water-based System
Types of Hydroponics: Water vs. Substrate-base
• Excellent aeration• 65% less water use than other hydroponic systems
Source: Neiker‐Tecnalia www.basqueresearch.com/new/2172
Deep water culture “Raft” systemDeep water culture “Raft” system
Nutrient Film Techniques (NFT)Nutrient Film Techniques (NFT)
AeroponicsAeroponics
Source: Chiwon Lee Source: Chiwon Lee
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Types of Hydroponics: Water vs. Substrate-baseSubstrate-based System
Ebb‐and‐flowEbb‐and‐flow
Gravels, Coco Coir CroutonsGravels, Coco Coir Croutons
Clay‐ballsClay‐balls
Lava‐rocksLava‐rocks
Drip irrigationDrip irrigation
Source: Petrus Langenhoven
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Air pump
Water pump
Nutrient Reservoir
Hydroponic tank
Water pump
Closed (Recirculating) systemOpen (Drain to Waste) system
Types of Hydroponics: Open vs. Closed
Nutrient Reservoir
Closed systems use 20–40% less water and fertilizer than open systems Consistent monitoring and maintenance of electrical conductivity (EC) and pH is required.
e.g. deep water culture, NFT, aeroponicse.g. drip irrigation
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Water pump
Open (Drain to Waste) system
Types of Hydroponics: Open vs. Closed
Nutrient Reservoir
Drip irrigationDrip irrigationSource: Grodan
e.g. drip irrigation
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Water pump
Open (Drain to Waste) system
Types of Hydroponics: Open vs. Closed
Nutrient Reservoir
Drip irrigationDrip irrigation
e.g. drip irrigation
Source: abcnews.go.com Greg Lovett/The Palm Beach Post via AP
Source: Petrus Langenhoven
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Water pump
Open (Drain to Waste) system to Closed system
Types of Hydroponics: Open vs. Closed
Nutrient Reservoir
Drip irrigationDrip irrigation
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Plant material preparation• Choice of Crops and Cultivars
• Growing Media
• Hydroponic Propagation Methods
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Preparation of plant materialsChoice of Crops and Cultivars
The most popular crops grown in hydroponics: tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce, herbs, peppers, and strawberries
High‐wire or vine plants
Planting density: 4‐8 plants/m2
Indeterminant growth
Planting density: 20‐25 plants/m2
Leafy vegetables and herbs
F1 Hybrid
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Types of Growing Media
Substrates can be used alone or in mixture with other substrates. Consider physical and chemical properties (air, water, and solid space; EC and pH), cost, local availability, compatibility with the production system
Substrate choice for hydroponic seedling production
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Substrate choice for hydroponic seedling production
Substrates Synthetic media(plugs, cubes, and blocks)Organic
componentsMineral
componentsConventional hydroponics
peat mosscoco coirsandsawdustrice hulls
perliteVermiculiteClay pebbles
• polymer bound plugs (e.g. peat pellets, coir pellets, composted organic material plugs, Oasis Horticubes, urethane foam plugs)
• Rockwool cubes & blocks• coco coir cubes and blocks
Types of Growing Media
Substrates can be used alone or in mixture with other substrates. Consider physical and chemical properties (air, water, and solid space; EC and pH), cost, local availability, compatibility with the production system Good physical contact with seeds
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Types of Growing MediaSubstrates for hydroponic propagation
Long‐term cropsLong‐term crops
Source: http://campus.extension.org/
Source: Grodan
“Rockwool system”
1
2 3
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Hydroponic Propagation Methods
Grafting
Seed propagation
Pepper
Division
Strawberries
Cucumber
Leafy vegetables and herbs
High‐wire or vine plants
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Hydroponic Propagation MethodsSeed propagation
Seed germination
Large‐scale seed propagation Germination rooms
Relative humidity Temperature Light
Leafy vegetables and herbs
Source: Bob Geneve
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Hydroponic Propagation Methods
Seeding emergence
Water and nutrient management Light: LED lights
EC: 0.5 mS/cmpH 6
EC: 1.0 to 1.5 mS/cmpH 6 EC: 2 mS/cm
pH 6
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Environment control for grafting success:water, light, and temperature Water management is a key issue during this process (particularly when an inert media is used).
Hydroponic Propagation Methods
GraftingPepper Cucumber
High‐wire or vine plants
Small‐scale grafting‐healing system
rootstockrootstock
scionscion graftinggrafting
healinghealing
spray with waterspray with water
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Environment control for grafting success:water, light, and temperature Water management is a key issue during this process (particularly when an inert media is used).
Hydroponic Propagation Methods
GraftingPepper Cucumber
High‐wire or vine plants
Large‐scale grafting‐healing system
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Hydroponic Propagation MethodsTimeline and environmental control for grafting and healing
Purdue University is an equal access/equal opportunity institution.
Successful hydroponic production
… is all about successful propagation!
Source: Celina Gomez
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Questions?
At HLA Fall Fling, Purdue Meigs Farm
Email at [email protected]’s Lab Current Lab membersTeng YangMeng‐Yang LinSeunghyun ChoiYi‐Ju WangSujoung ShimHuijia LiuZilong Ye
Undergrad ResearchersJeffrey BatesBrittany WeertsGaotian ZhuYoussef KaramBrandon HornHye Su LeeMitchell Ankney
