PlantsPlants

General CharacteristicsGeneral Characteristics

EukaryoticEukaryotic MulticellularMulticellular Perform photosynthesisPerform photosynthesis Alternation of generationsAlternation of generations

Alternation of Alternation of GenerationsGenerations

One haploid generationOne haploid generation One diploid generationOne diploid generation

Alternation of Alternation of GenerationsGenerations

BryophytesBryophytes

LiverwortsLiverworts HornwortsHornworts MossesMosses

BryophytesBryophytes

Small plants that grow in moist places on Small plants that grow in moist places on landland

Damp rocks, logs, forest floor, swamps, Damp rocks, logs, forest floor, swamps, marshes, beside streams and poolsmarshes, beside streams and pools

Flagellated sperm cellsFlagellated sperm cells Lack vascular tissuesLack vascular tissues

TracheophytesTracheophytes

Vascular plantsVascular plants Adapted to living on landAdapted to living on land

PsilopsidsPsilopsids

Club MossesClub Mosses

HorsetailsHorsetails

FernsFerns

Seed PlantsSeed Plants

TracheophytesTracheophytes

Protective layer of cells around Protective layer of cells around reproductive organsreproductive organs

Multicellular embryosMulticellular embryos Cuticles – waxy covering on outer cellsCuticles – waxy covering on outer cells XylemXylem

Vascular TissuesVascular Tissues

Specialized tissues for transporting water Specialized tissues for transporting water and nutrientsand nutrients

Xylem – transports water and mineralsXylem – transports water and minerals Phloem – transports water and foodPhloem – transports water and food

Xylem and PhloemXylem and Phloem

GymnospermsGymnosperms

Cone-bearing plantsCone-bearing plants Produce male and female conesProduce male and female cones

GymnospermsGymnosperms

AngiospermsAngiosperms

Flower-bearing plantsFlower-bearing plants Seeds are contained in a protective wall Seeds are contained in a protective wall

that develops into a fruitthat develops into a fruit

FlowersFlowers

Double-fertilizationDouble-fertilization

Parts of PlantsParts of Plants

RootsRoots

Anchor plant in soil or to objectAnchor plant in soil or to object Absorb water and mineralsAbsorb water and minerals Store carbohydrates, water and other Store carbohydrates, water and other

nutrientsnutrients

Root StructureRoot Structure

Types of RootsTypes of Roots

TaprootTaproot

A thick root that has smaller, side-A thick root that has smaller, side-branching roots, e.g. cassava, carrots, branching roots, e.g. cassava, carrots, beets, parsnips and turnipsbeets, parsnips and turnips

Used for storageUsed for storage

Tap rootsTap roots

Fibrous RootsFibrous Roots

Made up of many smaller branching rootsMade up of many smaller branching roots All about the same size and grow from a All about the same size and grow from a

central pointcentral point Do not grow as deeply, e.g. grass, Do not grow as deeply, e.g. grass,

strawberries, blueberries, scallions, strawberries, blueberries, scallions, marigolds and white clovermarigolds and white clover

Fibrous RootsFibrous Roots

StemsStems

Provide support and attachment for roots, Provide support and attachment for roots, leaves, buds and flowersleaves, buds and flowers

Allow growth in length and thicknessAllow growth in length and thickness Transport water and minerals from roots Transport water and minerals from roots

to leavesto leaves Transport carbohydrates from leaves to Transport carbohydrates from leaves to

other partsother parts

Types of StemsTypes of Stems

RhizomeRhizome

An underground, horizontal stem that live An underground, horizontal stem that live through the winter, e.g. irisesthrough the winter, e.g. irises

TuberTuber

An enlarged portion of a rhizome, e.g. An enlarged portion of a rhizome, e.g. potatopotato

BulbBulb

A shortened, compact, underground stem A shortened, compact, underground stem that is surrounded by fleshy leaves. E.g. that is surrounded by fleshy leaves. E.g. onions, daffodils and tulipsonions, daffodils and tulips

StolonsStolons

Also known as runners – aboveground Also known as runners – aboveground stems, e.g. clover and strawberriesstems, e.g. clover and strawberries