Pleistocene Palynology, North Louisiana

8/2/2019 Pleistocene Palynology, North Louisiana

1/59

^G@[OH@HLKDG@ T]SMKCTRGDJCYKC GOM YG[ISYO,T MHECTOHY]J @HSKTKGOG TG@] MHEC IGTKO

G ]h~kdg` Yc~hy}i{

Djgy`ct Y/ Ah`i gom L`co L/ Bycm`somFs`{, 7;:7

Kot}k}s}c bh y Corkyhoeco}g` T}smkct@hsktkgog T}g}c Sokrcytk}{Ig}ho Yhslc, @hsktkgog

^yc~gycm bh yS/ T/ Mc~gy}eco} hb Cocyl{

Dhhymkog}kho i{Hbbkdc hb Osd`cgy \gt}c Kth`g}khoIg}}c``c Ecehykg` Kot}k}s}c

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2/59

]jkt yc~hy} |gt ~yc~gycm gt go gddhso} hb |hya t~hothycm i{ }jcSok}cm T}g}ct Lhrcyoeco}/ Ock}jcy }jc Sok}cm T}g}ct ohy }jc Mc~gy}eco}hb Cocyl{, ohy go{ hb }jcky ce~`h{cct, ohy go{ hb }jcky dho}ygd}hyt,tsidho}ygd}hyt, ohy }jcky ce~`h{cct, egact go{ |gyygo}{, cz~yctt hy ke%~`kcm, hy gttsect go{ `clg` `kgik`k}{ hy yct~hotki k `k}{ bhy }jc gddsygd{,dhe~`c}coctt, hy stcbs`octt hb go{ kobhyeg}kho, g~~gyg}st, ~yhmsd}, hy~yhdctt mktd`htcm, hy yc~yctco}t }jg} k}t stc |hs`m oh} kobykolc ~ykrg}c`{h|ocm yklj}t/


3/59

Kot}k}s}c Corkyhoeco}g` T}smkct@hsktkgog T}g}c Sokrcytk}{Ig}ho Yhslc, @hsktkgog

^yc~gycm bhyS/ T/ Mc~gy}eco} hb Cocyl{

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4/59

]jkt yc~hy} |gt gt go gddhso} hb |hya t~hothycm i{Sok}cm T}g}ct Lhrcyoeco}/ Ock}jcy }jc Sok}cm T}g}ct ohy }jc Mc~gy}eco}hb Cocyl{, ohy go{ hb }jcky ce~`h{cct, ohy go{ hb }jcky dho}ygd}hyt,tsidho}ygd}hyt, ohy }jcky ce~`h{cct, egact go{ |gyygo}{, cz~yctt hy ke%~`kcm, hy gttsect go{ `clg` `kgik`k}{ hy yct~hotkik`k}{ bhy }jc gddsygd{,dhe~`c}coctt, hy stcbs`octt hb go{ kobhyeg}kho, g~~gyg}st, ~yhmsd}, hy~yhdctt mktd`htcm, hy yc~yctco}t }jg} k}t stc |hs`m oh} kobykolc ~ykrg}c`{h|ocm yklj}t/


5/59

^G@[OH@HLKDG@ T]SMKCTRGDJCYKC GOM YG[ISYO,T MHECT

OHY]J @HSKTKGOG TG@] MHEC IGTKO

G ]h~kdg` Yc~hy}i{

Djgy`ct Y/ Ah`i gom L`co L/ Bycm`somFs`{, 7;:7

Kot}k}s}c bhy Corkyhoeco}g` T}smkct@hsktkgog T}g}c Sokrcytk}{Ig}ho Yhslc, @hsktkgog

^yc~gycm bhyS/ T/ Mc~gy}eco} hb Cocyl{

Dhhymkog}kho i{Hbbkdc hb Osd`cgy \gt}c Kth`g}kho

Ig}}c``c Ecehykg` Kot}k}s}c

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6/59

GDAOH\@CMLCECO]T

]jc dhh~cyg}kho ts~~hy} hb }jc ^g`{oh`hl{ @gihyg}hy{ hb }jcMc~gy}eco} Lchlyg~j{ gom Go}jyh~h`hl{ hb @hsktkgog T}g}c Sokrcytk}{

t } k tcego,hb }jkt @gihyg}hy{/

]jc gs}jhyt g`th |ktj }h gdaoh|`cmlc }jc dho}ykis}khot hb }jc hbbkdct}gbb, kod`smkol6 F/ Jh`ect, M/ Ocec}j, G/ ^cga, ^/ Icohk}, gom [/ Djhk/]cdjokdg` cmk}kol i{ F/ M/ Egy}kocv, Mkycd}hy hb }jc Kot}k}s}c bhy Corkyho%eco}g` T}smkct, kt lyg}cbs``{ gdaoh|`cmlcm

Tge~`c ~yhdcttkol, kmco}kbkdg}kho hb ~h``co }{~ct, gom }jc ycrkc| hb~cy}koco} ~g`{oh`hlkdg` `k}cyg}syc |cyc }jc yct~hotkik`k}{ hb }jc fsokhygs}jhy, gt |cyc }jc glc mc}cyekog}khot hb }jc rgykhst t}yg}g t}smkcm igtcmho }jctc mg}g/ ]jc t}sm{ |gt mkycd}cm gom }jc yc~hy}, }gi`ct, gom bklsycthylgokvcm i{ }jc tcokhy gs}jhy |jh, }hlc}jcy |k}j }jc fsokhy gs}jhy, |yh}c}jc yc~hy}/

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7/59

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K/ KO]YHMSD]KHOKK/ ^YHDCMSYC STCM KO ^YHDCTTKOL TGE^@CT

Tge~`c Dh``cd}kho // /^h``co Cz}ygd}kho // /Czgekog}kho hb Yctkmsc/Dho}yh` T`kmc / / / / / /KKK/ HRCYRKC\ HB YCLKHOG@ ^H@@CO TCWSCODC/

Ogrgyyh Lyhs~ *S~~cy Dyc}gdchst+ //Ekm|g{ Lyhs~ *^g`chdcoc+ / / / / / / / / /\k`dhz Lyhs~ *@h|cy Chdcoc+ //D`gkihyoc Lyhs~ *Ekmm`c Chdcoc+ /Fgdatho Lyhs~ *S~~cy Chdcoc+/H`klhdcoc gom Ekh%^`khdcoc/Wsg}cyogy{/

KR/ RGDJCYKC MHEC/ / / / / / / / / /Lch`hlkd Tc}}kol gom ^yhi`ce/B[


8/59

Vhoc G *t~ysdc(~koc+ / / / / /Vhoc I *t~ysdc(jcyigdchst+/Vhoc D *~koc(hga bhyct}+ //Djyhoh `hl{/ / /Cz~`hyg}hy{ ^k} / / / /^h``co ky `crgodc/Ihs 7mcy Vhoc 2 Mktds tkho/K }RK TSEEGY[ GOM DHOD@STKHOT/

Tseegy{/ / /Dhod`stkhot/RKK/ YCBCYCODCT //

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9/59

@KT] HB BKLSYCTBklsyct ^glc

7 gom ohecod`g}syc ycbcyycm }hdg` d t}kd :

9g @hdg}kho eg~ hb ihykolt dhe~yktkol Tcd}kho G%G,gom I%I, ho Bklsyc 9g / / / / / / / / / / / / / 7=9i/ Tsitsybgdc tcd}khot gihrc gom ohy}j hb Rgdjcykc mhectjh|kol `hdg}khot gom mc~}jt hb ~h``co tge~`ct/ / 734/ Tsitsybgdc tcd}khot gihrc Yg{isyo,t mhec tjh|kol`hdg}khot gom mc~}jt hb ~h``co tge~`ct/ / / / /=/ ^cydco}glc hb ~h``co }gzg byhe ihykol G%;Yg{isyo,t mhec/3/ Lcocyg`kvcm t}yg}klyg~j{ hb ]/ @/ Fgect ~k} g}Yg{isyo,t mhec/ Sok}t G gom I dhyyct~hom }h~h``co vhoct G gom I/ Sok}t D gom > dhyyct~hom}h ~h``co vhoc D/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

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10/59

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11/59

MKT]YKIS]KHO @KT]J Lchylc Gd}kkd hyg}khoMkrkt ho KMc~gy}eco} hb Cocyl{Egk`t}h~ I%7>< Lcyego}h|o Isk`mkol\gtjkol}ho, M/D/ 9>3=3

Ekdjgc` L/ LkiihotGttkt}go} ^yhfcd} EgoglcyTg`} Mhect Lch`hlkd ^yhfcd} HbbkdcHbbkdc hb Osd`cgy \gt}c Kth`g}khoIg}}c``c Ecehykg` Kot}k}s}c3>3 Akol GrcoscDh`seist, HJ =49>7Dh`ko G/ Jcg}j, Mkycd}hyMkrktkho hb \gt}c Kth`g}khoMc~gy}eco} hb Cocyl{Egk`t}h~ I%7>3=3Djgy`ct \/ Ayck}`cyIsycgs hb Cdhohekd Lch`hl{Sokrcytk}{ hb ]czgt g} Gst}koSokrcytk}{ T}g}kho, Ihz ZGst}ko, ]Z 7

zk

^yhlyge EgoglcyYk gom H~cyg}khot3>3 Akol GrcoscDh`seist, HJ =49>7

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Mgrkm C ^gs`t, ^yhf Egoglcy@g| Colkoccykol Dhe~go{9>23 Akol GrcoscDh`seist, HJ =49>7H|co T|gotho, ^yhfcd} EgoglcyTg`} Mhect Lch`hlkd ^yhfcd} HbbkdcHbbkdc hb Osd`cgy \gt}c Kth`g}khoIg}}c``c Ecehykg` Kot}k}s}c3>3 Akol GrcoscDh`seist, HJ =49>7


12/59

GIT]YGD]//G ~yhi ce gtthdkg}cm |k}j }jc ko}cy~yc}g}kho hb }jc Wsg}cyogy{

mc~htk}t hrcy Rgdjcykc gom Yg{isyo7t mhect kt }jg}, ko cgdj kot}godct

gyc somcy`gko i{ tcmkeco}t |jhtc glc kt sodcy}gko/ Ko }jc dgtc hb Rgdjcykcmhec, }jc tcmkeco}t dhotkt} hb bkoc tgomt |k}j teg`` gehso}t hb tk`}t gomd`g{t *)goheg`hst) tgomt+/ G} Yg{isyokt g t}yg}se dho}gkokol dg`dk}cihs`mcyt gom dhii`ct hrcy`kct goj{myk}c dg~yhda/ Go hifcd}krc hb }jc~g`{oh`hlkdg` t}smkct yc~hy}cm jcyc |gt }h lcocyg}c mg}g }jg} |hs`m jc`~ko mc}cyekokol }jc glc hb }jctc }|h sok}t/

G `k}cyg}syc tcgydj ct}gi`ktjcm mkgloht}kd ~g`{oh`hlkdg` }ycomt |k}j%ko }jc ]cy}kgy{ gom Wsg}cyogy{ hb }jc Ls`b Dhgt}/ Mkgloht}kd }ycomt hbaoh|o lch`hlkd glc byhe }jc t}sm{ gycg |cyc mc}cyekocm/ ^h``co gttcei`glct|cyc cz}ygd}cm byhe tge~`ct mcykrcm byhe dhycm gom dg`{z ihykolt gihrcih}j mhect stkol t}gomgym ~g`{oh`hlkdg` cz}ygd}kho ec}jhmt |k}j thect`klj} ehmkbkdg}khot/

Ycts`}t hb }jc czgekog}kho hb ~h``co tsk}ct g} Rgdjcykc tsllct} }jc)goheg`hst) tgomt dgo ygolc byhe Ekhdcoc *9> ek``kho {cgyt+ }h Wsg}cyogy{ko glc/ ^ykhy }h }jctc t}smkct, }jc glc hb }jctc tgomt dhs`m ho`{ ic~ht}s`g}cm gt ygolkol byhe cgy`{ ]cy}kgy{ *23 ek``kho {cgyt+ }h Wsg}cyogy{/

^h``co gttcei`glct ~yctco} ko }jc ihs`mcy vhoc g} Yg{isyo,t komkdg}cgo glc ygolc byhe H`klhdcoc *4> ek``kho {cgyt+ }h `g}c ^`khdcoc/ Ehycke~hy}go}) ~h``co byhe }jc aoh|o Wsg}cyogy{ g} Yg{isyo,t ~yhrcm stcbs` komkbbcyco}kg}ko l`gdkg` byhe ko}cyl`gdkg` mc~htk Yg}ct hb mktth`s}kho

mg}cm i{ 7=D ec}jhmt |cyc dg`ds`g}cm }h ic hocbhh} ~cy }jhstgom {cgytmsykol }jc `gt} 73>>> {cgyt/

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13/59

K/ Ko}yhmsd}khoHoc hb ~yhi`cet gtthdk |k}j }jc ko}cy~yc}g}kho hb }jc Wsg}cy%

ogy{ mc~htk}t hrcy Rgdjcykc gom Yg{isyo,t mhect kt }jg} ko cgdj kot}godc

gyc somcy`gko i{ tcmkeco}t |jhtc glc kt sodcy}gko/ Ko }jc dgtc hb Rgdjcykcmhec, }jc tcmkeco}t dhotkt} hb bkoc tgomt |k}j ekohy gehso}t hb tk`}t gomd`g{t/ ]jc{ gyc }jko`{ icmmcm gyc stsg``{ hzkmkvcm gom dhycm tge~`cttjh| }jce }h jgrc jhykvho}g` hy ocgy`{ jhykvho}g` t}yg}g/ ]jc{ gyc ycbcyycm }h ko hsy yc~hy}t *Egy}kocv c} g`/ 7;


14/59

KK/ ^yhdcmsyc stcm ko ^yhdcttkol Tge~`ct^yhdcmsyct stcm ko }jc ~yc~gyg}kho hb tcmkeco} gom yhda tge~`ct byhe

}jc Rgdjcykc gom Yg{isyo,t tg`} mhect gyc tkek`gy }h t}gomgym ~g`{oh`hlkdg`kho ec}jhmt s bhy }jc t}sm{ hb gdkm koth`si`c ekdyhhylgoktet1

t 7 { ehm k } ehyccbbcd}krc stc hb }kec/ ^yhdcmsyct dgo ic mkrkmcm ko}h }jycc lcocyg`

7/ dh``cd}kho hb tge~`ct byhe dhyc gom dg`{z yc}syot19/ cz}ygd}kho hb ~h``co tcmkeco} tge~`ct14/ czgekog}kho hb ycts`}kol yctkmsct/

]|h `gihyg}hy{ oh}cihhat gyc ac~}/ hoc dho}gkokol oh}ct ho }jc dh`` hogom cz}ygd}khot hb ~h``co tge~`ct gom }jc h}jcy dho}gkokol hitcyrg}khotgom ~h``co dhso}t egmc ho yctkmsct/Tge~`c Dh``cd}kho

G tge~`c dhotkt}kol hb byhe bkrc }h }co lyget hb tcmkeco} kt ds}byhe ck}jcy g dhyc hy dg`{z tge~`c |k}j g d`cgo aokbc/ ]jc cz}cykhy hb }jctge~`c kt tdyg~cm d`cgo }h ~ycrco} dho}gekog}kho/ Tge~`ct gyc t}hycm ko`gic`cm ~`gt}kd iglt so}k` }jc cz}ygd}kho ~yhdcmsyc dheecodct/^h``co Cz}ygd}kho

]jc cz}ygd}kho ~yhdcmsyc dhotkt}t hb }|h t}c~t6 *7+ tcmkeco} mc%b`hdds`g}kho gom ~h``co dhodco}yg}kho gom *9+ eg}ykz mct}ysd}kho/

Th`kmkbkcm tcmkeco}t est} ic mktgllyclg}cm |k}j g ehy}gy gom ~ct}`c/^gy}kd`ct hb tgom tkvc gom `gylcy gyc ycehrcm byhe }jc mktgllyclg}cm tge~`cck}jcy i{ ~hsykol }jc tcmkeco} }jyhslj g `HH%ectj tkcrc gom mktdgymkol }jcdhgytc bygd}kho, hy i{ tst~comkol }jc bkoct ko mkt}k``cm |g}cy mcdgo}kol}jc tst~cotkho gom yc}gkokol }jc bkoct/

keco} hdds` ho gom ~h``co ho iclkot i{ ~` olc ko mk 77 kse

4


15/59

*g mc}cylco} }h mcb`hdds`g}c }jc d`g{t+/ ]jc dho}co}t gyc t}kyycm gomdco}ykbslcm gom }jc `kwskm kt mcdgo}cm/

]jc bkyt} t}c~ ko eg}ykz mct}ysd}kho kt }h t`h|`{ gmm 93 e` hb 7>#j{myhdj`hykd gdkm *JD7+ ]jc tge~`c kt t}kyycm gom dco}ykbslcm gom }jcgdkm kt mcdgo}cm/ ]jc t}c~ kt yc~cg}cm stkol JD7/ G`` dg`dkse dgy%

kt oh| ycehrcm gom hdds` ho kt dhe~`Gb}cy |gtjkol }jc tge~`c |k}j mkt}k`` |g}cy 4> e` =:#

b`hsykd gdkm *JB+ gyc gmmcm gom }jc tge~`c g``h|cm }h t}gom bhy 9= jhsyt/]jc tge~`c kt dco}ykbslcm gom }jc ycegkokol JB mcdgo}cm/ ]jc t}c~ kt yc~cg}cm/ G} }jc com hb }jc tcdhom 9=%jhsy ~cykhm }jc tge~`c kt ihk`cmko JB bhy }jky}{ ekos}ct/ ]jc tge~`c kt }jco |gtjcm ko ko ihk`kol mkt%}k``cm |g}cy/ Ko hymcy }h ycehrc kohylgokd dh``hkmt yc`cgtcm i{ JB, }jctge~`c kt }ycg}cm |k}j 4> e` hb 9># ok}ykd gdkm bhy }co ekos}ct bh``h|cmi{ }|h |gtjct |k}j ihk`kol mkt}k``cm |g}cy/ ]jky}{ e` hb 42# Jc` gyc }jcogmmcm gom }jc tge~`c iyhslj} }h g ihk`/ ]jc tge~`c kt }jco |gtjcm }|kdc|k}j ihk` kol |g}cy/ ]jky}{ e` hb 3# ~h}gttkse j{myhzkmc *AHJ+ gyc }jcogmmcm gom }jc tge~`c kt g``h|cm }h t}gom bhy }jycc ekos}ct/ ]jc tge~`ckt }jco |gtjcm |k}j mkt}k``cm |g}cy g~~yhzkeg}c`{ }co }kect }h ycehrc g``djcekdg`t byhe }jc yctkmsc/ ]jc yctkmsc kt }jco }ygotbcyycm }h l`gtt rkg`tdho}gkokol l`{dcyh` gom igtkd bstjtko *go hylgokd t}gko+/

Tge~`ct }gaco byhe }jc ihs`mcy vhoc hb Yg{isyo,t mhec ~yctco}cm g,sokwsc ~yhi`ce/ \jco ~yhdcttcm stkol }jc t}gomgym ~yhdcmsyc gihrc g bkoci`gda )hk`{) koth`si`c yctkmsc ~cytkt}cm/ ]jkt yctkmsc }comcm }h hitdsyc~g`{ohehy~jt |jkdj eg{ jgrc icco ~yctco} ko }jctc tge~`ct/ Ko go cbbhy}}h d`cgy }jkt yctkmsc go gmmk}khog` t}c~ |gt gmmcm }h }jc ~yhdcttkol hbck B[ tge~` stc `ht1 s}1ho *g ek d

ts` d gdkm+/ t |cyc kodhotk=


16/59

Ko }|h tge~`ct }jg} |cyc gdc}h`kvcm, Csdg`{~}st ~h``co g mkt}kod}krc cz%h}kd ~h``co }{~c |cyc gmmcm/ ]jc gdc}h` ktkt ~yhdctt mct}yh{cm }jkt ko}yh%msdcm ~h``co gom }jcycbhyc, ~yctsegi`{ }jc hyklkog` ~h``co/ Ko h}jcytge~ ct }jc i`gda hk`{ yctkmsc |gt oh} gbbcd}cm/ Ko ho`{ hoc }jc klj}

*Z%9C, 77;,+ |gt dk d` k k |khs} mct}yh{kol }jc ~h``coCzgekog}kho hb Yctkmsc

Rkg`t dho}gkokol }jc yctkmsct ehso}kol ecmkse *l`{dcyh`+, gom t}gko*igtkd bsdjtko+ gyc glk}g}cm so}k` }jc dho}co}t gyc jhehlcochst/ G myh~kt ycehrcm gom ~`gdcm ho g d`cgo l`gtt t`kmc/ G l`gtt dhrcy t`k~ kt ~`gdcmho }jc t`kmc gom }jc cmlct tcg`cm/ Stkol g ikohds`gy ekdyhtdh~c }jc t`kmckt t{t}ceg}kdg``{ tdgoocm g} g eglokbkdg}kho hb 7>>z/ Eglokbkdg}khot hb s~}h :>>z |cyc stcm }h kmco}kb{ }jc bhttk` ~h``co/ Cgdj tge~`c est} jgrc g}h}g` hb 7>> ~h``co lygkot ycdhymcm bhy }jc ycts`}t }h ic dhotkmcycm tklokb%kdgo}/ G dhso} hb 9>> hy hrcy kt ~ycbcyycm/Dho}yh` T`kmc

Hoc ec}jhm ce~`h{cm }h kotsyc }jc ko}clyk}{ hb }jc ycts`}t kt }jc stchb dho}yh` t`kmct/ L`gtt t`kmct dhrcycm |k}j l`{dcyko gyc `cb} cz~htcm|jk`c ~yhdcttkol gom cz}ygd}kho hb tge~`ct kt ickol dgyykcm hs}/ ]jc dho}yh`t`kmct gyc czgekocm ko hymcy }h hi}gko g ycdhym hb }jc }{~ct hb ~h``co lygkot~yctco} ko }jc gky |jkdj eklj} dho}gekog}c }jc tge~`ct/

3


17/59


18/59

KKK/ Hrcyrkc| hb Yclkhog` ^h``co Tcwscodc]jc djyhoh`hlkdg` ~`gdceco} hb ~g`{oh`hlkdg` tge~`ct kt igtcm ho }jc

tcwscodc hb ~g`{ohehy~j gttcei`glct hb }jc yclkho/ Djgolct ko }jc ekdyhb`hyg` gttcei`glct gyc msc }h lcocyg` crh`s}khogy{ }ycomt gt |c`` gt d`k%

k kdhso ko }jc keco}t hb ohy}j @hsktkgog kt Dyc}gdchst/ ]jcegfhyk}{ hb }jc `k}jh`hlkd sok}t, jh|crcy, gyc ]cy}kgy{, Chdcoc ko ~gy}kds`gy/Lch`hlkd }kec yc~yctco}cm i{ bhyeg}khot ~cy}koco} }h }jkt t}sm{ kt tjh|oho Bklsyc 7/ ]jc mkgloht}kd ~g`{oh`hlkdg` }ycomt djgygd}cykt}kd hb cgdjlch`hlkd lyhs~ gyc hs}`kocm ic`h|/

Golkht~cyet, }jc }ysc b`h|cykol ~`go}t, dgec ko}h ickol ko }jc Dyc}gdc)hst/ ]jc ~g`{oh`hlkdg` gttcei`glc, jh|crcy, |gt t}k ` ` mhekog}cm i{t~hyct hb }jc bcyot gom bcyo g``kct gom i{ lceoht~cye ~h``co/ ]jc Dyc}gdchst ~g`{oh`hl{ hb @hsktkgog jgt oh} icco yc~hy}cm/ ]jcyc gyc, jh|crcy,t}smkct hb }jc S~~cy Dyc}gdchst tcmkeco}t byhe ohy}jcgt} ]czgt *Cmtho, 7;1 C`tka, 7;23 gom 7;2:1 Fhoct, 7;27g gom 7;27i1 gomOkdjh`t, 7;+/ ]jkt kt ths}jcyo gttcei` }jc Gyd}h%]cy}kgy{ Lchb`hyg

} ehmcyo dgec ko}h msykol }jkt }kec/ Tsdj


19/59

TCYKCTJh`hdcoc^`ckt}hdcocEkhdcoc Lygom B`cekolLs`b

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TG`}cyog}kol ~cyfhmt hb }ce~cyg}c gomdh`m |cg}jcy ~h``coDhe~htk}gc bkyt} g~~cgy

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ko


20/59

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21/59

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22/59

Jc }ygdct }jc djgolct ko Jh`hdcoc rclc}g}kho ko ths}jcgt}cyo Sok}cm T}g}ctgom tjh|t bhy czge~`c }jg} g`}jhslj ^kost ~ycmhekog}ct ko }jkt gycgg} }jc ~yctco} }kec tsdj mhekogodc mkm oh} iclko so}k` gihs} 3>>> {cgytglh/ ^ykhy }h }jkt, g jgym|hhm kmshst } ]jkt ~hko} |gtke~hy}go} ko hsy gog`{tkt ~h``co tge~`ct byhe Yg{isyo,t/

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23/59


24/59

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27/59

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28/59

hb Lchylc Jgy}, Mkycd}hy, Estcse hb Lchtdkcodc g} @TS1 gom }jc h}jcy~yhdcttcm ko go komc~comco} t}sm{ i{ \ktcego kt}go} ~yh}ctthy,Mc~gy}eco} hb Lchlyg~j{ gom Go}jyh~h`hl{ g} @TS/ c K tseegykvct }jc~h``co tge~`ct ~yhdcttcm i{ \ycoo gom Jgy} gom i{ \ktcego msykol B[ bcc} ko Ihykol E%< |cyc dhotkmcycm }hh|cg}jcycm gom bygleco}cm bhy kmco}kbkdg}kho/ Ekht~hyct bhsom g} 7;< bcc}ko Ihykol I%:g *gihs} bkrc bcc} ic`h| }jc )goheg`hst) tgom(]cy}kgy{ dho}gd},tcc Bklsyc 9+ |cyc kmco}kbkcm gt^`glkgo}jst }{~c, ]k`kg, Tg`kz, @clsg~h``kt,S`est Wscydst, gom db/ ]gzhmkse/ Gt go}kdk~g}cm, C`tka dhotkmcycm }jktlyhs~ }h ic hb ^g`chlcoc glc/

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29/59

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30/59

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31/59

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}kect, mhekogo} ]cy}kgy{ }{~ct jgrc mktg~~cgycm g`eht} co}kyc`{/ Hb }jcmhekogo} ]cy}kgy{ }{~ct, ho`{ Dgt}gocg |gt bhsom gom }jctc ko tklokbkdgo}`{bc|cy oseicyt |jco dhe~gycm |k}j }jc ]cy}kgy{/

i/ Ho`{ hoc tge~`c ic`kcrcm }h ic hb \k`dhz glc|gt czgekocm gom k } dho}gkocm }jc jkljct} bycwscod{ hb mhekogo} ]cy}kgy{

d/ ]jc Dgoc Ykrcy g`eht} g`|g{t dho}gkottklokbkdgo} gehso}t hb ~h``co Hb }jc 9> Dgoc Ykrcy tge~`ct czgekocm, 72dho}gkocm tklokbkdgo} gehso}t, g ecgtsyc, ~cyjg~t, hb }jc ~yctcyrg}kho hb~h``co lygkot ko }jc corkyhoeco} hb mc~htk}kho yc~yctco}cm i{ }jc Dgoc Ykrcy/]{~kdg``{, :> ~cydco} hb }jc ~h``co tse byhe }jc Dgoc Ykrcy tge~`ct gycmhekogo} ]cy}kgy{ }{~ct/

m/ ]cy}kgy{ *T~gy}g+/ Gt ~ycrkhst`{ eco}khocm hoc hb }jc egfhy hi%fcd}krct hb }jc ~g`{oh`hlkdg` t}sm{ |gt }h mc}cyekoc kb }jc tgomt hb }jc`K goheg`hst `` vhoc |cyc hb ~httki`c T~gy}g glc/ ]jc tgomt hb ih}j sok}tyctcei`c hoc goh}jcy `k}jh`hlkdg``{/ Icdgstc hb }jkt, g dhotkmcygi`coseicy hb tge~`ct hb aoh|o T~gy}g glc |cyc dh``cd}cm, ~yhdcttcm, gom czgekocm/So`kac }jc Dgoc Ykrcy, hb }jc 97 T~gy}g tge~`ct czgekocm, ho`{ 4 dho}gkocmtklokbkdgo} oseicyt hb ~h``co/ Gt komkdg}cm ho ]gi`c KK, eht} hb }jctctge~`ct |cyc }gaco byhe }jc bgdc hb }jc h~co ~k} g} }jc Mycttcy Ekocyg`t^`go} gihs} hoc ek`c ohy}j hb Rgdjcykc mhec/ ]jctc gyc tjh|o ho }jc ]gi`cgt M%^k} tge~`ct/ Thec |cyc byhe tgom t}yg}g, h}jcyt |cyc tc`cd}cm byhe d`g{t}yg}g/ ]jc ehyc ke~cyrkhst d`g{ `g{cyt |cyc tc`cd}cm bhy tge~`kol |k}j }jcjh~c }jg} hzkmg}kho jgm oh} mct}yh{cm hy h}jcy|ktc gbbcd}cm }jc ~h``co }jctge~`c eg{ jgrc dho}gkocm/ Dgyc |gt g`th }gaco }h dh``cd} tge~`ct i{ cz%dgrg}kol g hy th ko}h }jc cz~htsyc Mct~k}c }jctc

94


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gehso}t/ Go gmmk}khog` bkrc T~gy}g tge~`ct |cyc }gaco byhe g dhycm ihykolih}}he hb Ek ^k}/ Ko dho}ygt} }h }oc `ct

aco byhe ~k} k ~h``co ko t7okbkdgo} gehso}t/ ]jc ~hko} kt }jg} hzkmg}kho msykol }jc yc`g}krc`{ tjhy}}kec }jc tcmkeco}t |cyc cz~htcm ko }jc bgdc hb }jc ~k} |gt crkmco}`{ tsb%bkdkco} }h mct}yh{ ~h``co lcocyg``{ djgygd}cykt}kd hb }jc T~gy}g tgomt gomd`g{t/ G bkog` ~hko}6 }jc T~gy}g tge~`ct dho}gkocm thec 2># }h #mhekogo} ]cy}kgy{ }{~ct/ Dho}ygt} }jkt |k}j }jc :># dheeho ko }jc DgocYkrcy gom g`eht} ;># ko }jc \k dhz/ ]jkt tsllct}t }jg} ~h``co dhso}t eklj}ic stcbs` ko mkt}kolsktjkol ic}|cco tsdj `k}jh`hlkdg``{ tkek`gy, is} djyhoh%`hlkdg``{ mkt}kod}, tcmkeco}t gt \k`dhz gom T~gy}g tgomt/

c/ ]cy}kgy{ *Ehhm{,t Iygodj+/ Oh Ehhm{,t Iygodj *Fgdatho glc+ tcm%keco}t hddsy ocgy Rgdjcykc mhec/ Jh|crcy g tge~`c |gt kod`smcm ko }jct}sm{ }h k``st}yg}c }jc lygmsg` djgolc ko }jc ~h``co gttcei`glc byhe tsi%}yh~kdg` }h }ce~cyg}c }jyhslj }kec/ ]jc tge~`c |gt dh``cd}cm byhe Eho}%lhecy{ @gomkol ho }jc Ycm Ykrcy gihs} 3> ek`ct ths}j hb }jc mhec/ Oh}c}jg} mhekogo} ]cy}kgy{ }{~ct jgrc mcdycgtcm tklokbkdgo}`{ gom }jg} Lygekocgcct+ }jc bk ec/

b ko, oh Ekhdcoc hddsyt Rgdjcykc Jh|crcyg tge~`c |gt dh``cd}cm byhe }jc B`cekol Bhyeg}kho g} Djcyy{ Dycca ocgy Dh`bgz,@hsktkgog/ Rcy{ bc| *7


35/59

}jg} ho`{ }jycc hb }jctc tge~`ct dho}gkocm ~h``co ko tklokbkdgo} gehso}t gomg`` hb }jctc |cyc byhe Ihykol I%:g, d`htc }h }jc ]cy}kgy{ tcmkeco}t |jkdjdyh~ hs} ko }jc jk``t gihrc }jc rg``c{ hb Igtjg|g{ Dycca/ ]jc bhsy}ccoycegkokol tge~`ct |cyc g``{ igyyco hb ~h``co/ G `hlkdg` dhod`stkhokt }jg} |jg}crcy ~h``co eg{ jgrc icco kodhy~hyg}cm ko }jctc igyyco tge~`ct

kec k jhy \k`dhz tgomt |cyc cz~htcm ko }jc tsyyhsomkol jk``t gom dgyykcm ko}h~ycttkhot bhyecm gihrc }jc mhec ko @g}c ]cy}kgy{ hy Wsg}cyogy{ }kec/ Kb}jc tgom ko }jctc mc~ycttkhot |gt ko tk}s T~gy}g hy \k`dhz, }jc tsk}c hb~h``co djgygd}cykt}kd hb }jctc bhyeg}khot *gt tjh|o ho ]gi`c KKK+ tjhs`mjgrc icco ~yctcyrcm ko g} `cgt} thec hb }jctc tge~`ct ]jkt j{~h}jctktkt ts~~hy}cm i{ }jc ~h``co%icgykol tge~`ct byhe I%:g/ G ekz}syc hb ih}jmhekogo} ]cy}kgy{ gom Wsg}cyogy{ }{~ct kod`smkol Lygekocgc gom Dhe~htk}gchddsyt/ Ko gmmk}kho, }jcyc kt go kodycgtc ko }jc hddsyycodc hb |hyo gom sokmco}kbkgi`c lygkot/ Ih}j }jc g~~gyco} ekzkol hb gttcei`glct gom }jc kodycgtc ko ~j{tkdg` mgeglc }h }jc ~h``co dgo ic cz~`gkocm i{ ycmc~htk}kho/Icdgstc hb }jc hddsyycodc hb Dhe~htk}gc }{~ct, }jc glc hb }jc `Kgoheg`hst``tgomt kt dhod`smcm }h ic oh cgy`kcy }jgo Ekhdcoc/ ]jg} }jc glc hb }jctctgomt kt gt /7 g}c gt Wsg}cyogy{ dgooh} ic ~ycd7smcm/

j/ Wsg}cyogy{/ Hb }jc 9: tge~`ct czgekocm byhe }jc ~ s g } c y o g y { , eht}|cyc igyyco, ~yhigi`{ g ycb`cd}kho hb }jc hzkmg}kho djgygd}cykt}kd hb }jccorkyhoeco} ko |jkdj }jctc tcmkeco}t |cyc mc~htk}cm/ Ho`{ cklj} hb }jctge~`ct dho}gkocm tklokbkdgo} gehso}t hb ~h``co/ Gt tjh|o ho ]gi`c KKK,}jctc tge~`ct |cyc djgygd}cykvcm i{ g mkt}kod}krc tsk}c hb ~h``co }{~ct/]jc{ tjh|cm go gisomgodc hb ehmcyo }ce~cyg}c }{~ct6 ^kost, ]D], @klskmgeigy,

/ g o m X / j c y ~ g d c h s t }{~ct tsdj gt Djcoh%Ge, Dhe~htk~ ~ ~ , , gom Lygekocgc/ho

93


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tklokbkdgo}`{ bc|cy oseicyt |jco dhe~gycm |k}j }jc ]cy}kgy{/ ]jc `gda hbmhekogo} ]cy}kgy{ }{~ct ko Wsg}cyogy{ tge~`ct g`th tjh|t }jg} ycmc~htk}khohb ~h``co byhe Chdcoc thsydc eg}cykg`t kt oh} go ke~hy}go} bgd}hy ko mkt%}kolsktjkol tcmkeco}t }jst ~yhrkmkol go ke~hy}go} }hh` ko mk olsktjkolWsg}cyogy{ mc~htk byhe somcy`{kol Cgy`{ }h Ekmm`c Chdcoc keco}t

92


37/59

r/ Yg{isyo,t MhecLch`hlkd Tc}}kol gom ^yhi`ce

]jc mkt~htk}kho hb Wsg}cyogy{ mc~htk}t ko ~`go gihrc Yg{isyo,t mhec kttjh|o ho }jc 7 ho eg~ g} lj} hb Bk 4/ Ko lcocyg` Wsg}cyogy{mc~htk}t 77 g yhslj`{ dkyds`gy }h~hlyg~jkd `h| |k}j g hs}`c} g`hol

7 hotZXZK tjh|o ho Bklsyc 4 ~coc}yg}cm g aoh|o Wsg}cyogy{ tcwscodc }jg} kt ehyc}jgo 7>> bcc} }jkda ho }jc ohy}jcyo |ct}cyo gom cgt}cyo tkmct hb }jcmhec/ K} |gt go}kdk~g}cm }jg} g mcc~ }ycodj bk``cm |k}j lygrc`%icgykolWsg}cyogy{ mc~htk}t *g} `cgt} 7>> bcc} mcc~+ |hs`m ic bhsom g`hol BhstcDycca egyakol }jc ~g}j hb }jc t}ycge }jg} mygkocm }jc igtko msykol }jc`gt} l`gdkg` ~cykhm/ ]jkt |gt oh} }jc dgtc/ Ho`{ 7> bcc} hb Wsg}cyogy{mc~htk}t |cyc bhsom g`hol Bhstc Dycca/ ]jc ~httkik`k}{ hb go hs}`c} |jkdjdhs`m jgrc mygkocm }jc mcc~ lygrc``{ tcmkeco}t ko g mkbbcyco} mkycd}khomsykol ~ycrkhst l`gdkg` ko}cyrg`t |gt g`th korct}klg}cm/ Oh tsdj hs}`c}|gt bhsom/ Go g`}cyog}krc cz~`gog}kho kt }jg} mktth`s}kho hb }jc tg`}msykol Wsg}cyogy{ }kect dgstcm tsitkmcodc hrcy }jc ohy}jcyo cgt}cyo, gom|ct}cyo tkmct hb }jc mhec mkt~`gdkol }jc Wsg}cyogy{ mh|o|gym }h `crc`t kodhe~g}ki`c |k}j mygkoglc msykol l`gdkg` egzkeg/ K} |gt jh~cm }jg} ~g`{oh`hlkdg` t}smkct |hs`m ~cyek} komco}kbkdgbkho hb b`hyg` vhoct |k}jko }jcWsg}cyogy{ gom tjcm thec `klj} ho |jc}jcy hy oh} |gy~kol gom tsitkmcodcjgm hddsyycm msykol Wsg}cyogy{ }kect/

G vhoc hb dg`dk}kd ihs`mcyt ko g eg}ykz hb tgom gom d`g{ hddsyt icocg}j }jc aoh|o Wsg}cyogy{ gom gihrc }jc kyycls`gy`{ mkt~htcm goj{myk}cdg~yhda *Bklsyc 4+/ ]jkt vhoc kt }jhslj} }h ic }jc ycts`} hb tsigcykg`|cg}jcykol hb g bhyecy dg`dk dg~yhda *Ah`i ko Egy}kocv g`c 7;


38/59


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40/59

}jyhslj mktth`s}kho gom cyhtkrc gd}kho hb tsitsybgdc |g}cyt/ Kb cyhtkhogom tsigcykg` |cg}jcykol hb }jkt vhoc jgt hddsyycm k } |gt ycgthocm }jg}~h``co yc~yctco}g}krc hb }jc ~cykhm hb tsdj tsigcykg` |cg}jcykol tjhs`m

kodhy~hyg |k}j }jc ihs` vhoc igyykol dhe~` hzkmg}kho/]jst yctcgydj hif rct }jc ~h``co t}smkct Yg{isyo,t |cyc

jk { 7 6 * 7 + k 7 k 7Wsg}cyogy{ tcwscodc gihrc }jc ihs`mcy vhoc gt go gkm }h `k}jh`hlkdg` gomt}yg}klyg~jkd ko}cy~yc}g}kho hb }jc Wsg}cyogy{1 gom *9+ }jc ~httki`c mc}cyekog}kho hb }jc hyklko gom(hy ~httki`c glc hb }jc eg}cykg` |jkdj bhyet }jcihs`mcy vhoc/

]|h jsomycm gom }jky}{%bhsy tge~`ct |cyc tc`cd}cm bhy ~g`{oh`hlkdg`~yhdcttkol gom gog`{tkt g} Yg{isyo,t/ Mc~}jt byhe |jkdj tge~`ct |cyc djhtcoko }jc aoh|o Wsg}cyogy{ }jc ihs`mcy vhoc gom byhe }jc ]cy}kgy{ gyc tjh|ot{eih`kdg``{ ho Bklsyc 4/ ]gi`c KR `kt}t g` ` tge~`ct }jcky yct~cd}krc mc~}jtgom |jc}jcy }jc komkrkmsg` tge~`c |gt ~g`{oh`hlkdg``{ tklokbkdgo} *k/c/,chy igyyco/

Ko }jc mktdsttkho |jkdj bh``h|t ho`{ }jc ~h``co t}smkct g} Yg{isyo,t|jkdj korh`rcm aoh|o Wsg}cyogy{ tge~`ct hy ihs`mcy vhoc tge~`ct gyc dhotkmcycm/

%/\jcyc ~cy}koco}, ~si`ktjcm mg}g ho }jc Dyc}gdchst hy }jc ]cy}kgy{ t}smkctg} Rgdjcykc gyc myg|o s~ho bhy crg`sg}kho/Wsg}cyogy{

Gt ~ycrkhst`{ eco}khocm g ~ykec hifcd}krc hb hsy t}sm{ hb Wsg}cyogy{~h``co g} Yg{isyo,t |gt }h mc}cd} mkt}kod}krc ~h``co vhoct |k}jko }jcWsg}cyogy{ |jkdj dhs`m ic stcm }h mc}cyekoc tsitkmcodc hy m h | o | g y ~ k l / /]h}jkt com 7


41/59

`% K % K %V V V\RK \RK \R `K%R`V K%R`V K % RK V>666 V V |X >666 V\% >666 V V \X/ /6*>666//6* >6 6 6> V 3 l 6 ~ >6 6 6> 0> 6 6 6 0> | S D`/ >666 hv \ hv \ S D`/ >666///F % 0/'6K % R+// /F % 0/'6K XR` / / / F 0/'6KV ///F K / iV V6 6C K % / / / F `'/V V6 6C K % / / / F `'/V\ > //// \h \ VH //// \ H \ VH %\H>666 W/ V/ / / FH H666666DmW/ V/ / / FH H666666DmD`/ V%`H>666 0/'6K///F/% > 6 6 7 %> 0/'6K///F /% >6 6 67%> } / 6 ` / / / F %

TGE^@C MC^]J 0 `' / %> TGE^@C MC^]J ~ 1 ~ ~ %> TGE^@C MC^]J ~ 1 ~ ~ %>g6` > R+D ` / ) R +W /G R`W / , / /@ WSG]CYOGY[ Zc74 7:/>

7P%7 >/> 7=/4 7;/>) 2/3 ,$7( 73/> ,$7( dz5 74 7>/> ,&KK 7>/> // KK 72/> ) 73/> ,&(K 7=/> ,) ) 7;/> ,& ) 72/> ,&) 7;/> ,) ) 9>/> ,& ) 7:/> ,&KK 94/> /) ) 97/> /) ) 7;/*,7 //) 4=/> /) KK 97/: ,& Z%7= 7>/3 /)KK 4;/> /) KK 99/> /) DZ%7; 4/> /)// =3/> /) ) 92/9 // KK 3/> //KK 3>/> /) // 9;/> // Z%97 2/> ,&G%9 >/> // G%`> 9;/> // DZ%94 2/> //KK 9/> /) G%`` 9/9 // KK ///// /) ) =/9 /// KK ;/> /)// 7>/> /) KK 2/9 // KK 7>/> /)KK 7>/3 /) ) :/9 /)// 79/> // KK 7>/> /) K K IHS@MCY VHOC// 7=/> // KK 79/9 //) 72/> // KK 7=/> /) G%` 3=/> /)// 7;/> /) ) 7=/3 /) KK 3:/> /)KK 99/> /) ) 73/9 /) ) 2>/> /)KK 93/> // ) 72/3 /) KK 29/> //) 9 // ) 9>/> /) ) 2=/> /)) 4>/> /) KK 9=/> /) ) 22/> /)) 4 // KK 93/> // ) 2/> /) ) 92/3 // ) 2;/> /)) ==/> /) // 9:/> /) KK /2 ///KK =2/> /) ) 4>/> /) KK DG%`7 =/> /) 7P :4/3 /)G%= 77/> /) KK :/> /) // :=/3 /)KK 79/3 // KK 79/> /// 7P ;:/3 /)) 7 /) KK 72/> /) ) ;;/> /)KK 7;/> /) KK 7;/> /) G%9 =;/> //// 4;/> /) KK 9 // DG|T 43/> /),,,6 / ==/> // G%74 7=/3 /) KK =7/> /)G%T >/> /// ) 7 /)) 2/> /// // 9> /3 /) ) = /)KK 7>/> /) ) 93/3 /) ) =;/> /)KK 79/> // ) 9 /) G%`> 34/> /)(K 7 /) KK 33/3 /// G%`` 49/> //) 7:/> /) G/7= 77/> // KK 44/> /)) 7;/> ,& // 7 // // 4=/>g /)// 93/> // ) 97/> /) ) 4=/>i ,)// 92/> // KK 99/> /) DG%77 44/> /)KK 9;/> /) KK 9:/9 ,& ) 4 /)

G%2 >/> & ) 4>/9 77 7P 4;/> &7P 4/> /) ) 4=> ,& 7P =7/> 777P =/> ,) 47/> ,& ) =4/> &7P 3/> & 44/> ,$7( ) ==,> ,$7(7P 2/> ,& KK 43> & G%74 2>/>7P & ) 37> & Z59 :" 77:/> ,&KK :/3 KK 33> /) Z59C 793/> 77KK ;/3 /) Z59 :/ 7=/> 77 Z%2 " =3/>7P 7>/3 77 Z%9C 77 Z%2C =:/> 777P 79/> // Z); >/= ,& KK 3=/> /)) 74/3 77 KK =/> & Kk 3 77KK 7=/3 KK ;/> 77 ) 2=/> ,&KK 7 ,& ) 7=/> 77 Z%; =9/> 77KK 7:/> 77 KK 9>/> ,& DZ%; ==/> ,&7P 7;/> 77 KK 97/: 77 KK =3/>) 9>> ,& ) 93/= // KK =2> ,&7P 99/> 77 KK 4>/> 77 Z%74 7;/< &KK 92/> // KK 4:/> ,`k} DZ574 94> ,)Gc; >/> ) 4;/> KK 9=/> 77KK >,74 >2 77 ) 93/> 77KK 4/< KK =/> // KK 92> 77KK => 2,9 9KK 2/> 77 KK :, > 77 KK 9;/> ,)KK :, > KK 7>,> ,'KbKK :/9 KK 7>: 77 />KK 7>/> ) 74/>) 7>/< KK 74/; K K K / ]CY]`GY[ TGE^@CT) 7>/; // KK 7T/H 77KK 77/9 & ) 72/> 77 DZ%94 74/> 7P 74/: /) 77 7 ,`k} 77 72/> ,&

]gi`c KR/ ,Yg{isyo,t mhec ~h``co mg}g *B[ 7;+/49


42/59

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46/59

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48/59

b/ ^h``co Vhoct gom }jcky Yc`crgodc/ Cgdj hb }jc 3< ~h``co%icgykoltge~`ct ko }jc aoh|o Wsg}cyogy{ |cyc d`gttkbkcm ho }jc igtkt hb k}t ~h``co

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49/59

Ihs`mcy Vhocg/ Mktdsttkho/ ]jc hyklko gom glc hb }jc ihs`mcy vhoc gihrc Yg{isyo,t

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50/59

Tge~`c 9C*77; 7 + k `co k 7 kko 7 K +

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Bhsy tge~`ct byhe Ihykol G%`g g} 2, /2, gom ;:/3, byhe=9


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mcc~ |k}jko }jc ihs`mcy vhoc is} g} }jc cz}ycec cgt}cyo cmlc hb }jc Wsg}cyogy{ igtko dho}gkocm {c} g mkbbcyco} gttcei`glc hb ~h``co/ ]jctc tge~`ctdho}gkocm t~hyct mkohb`glc`g}ct *g egykoc }{~c hb ~ g ` { o h e y ~ j + , gom~ykek}krc golkht~cye ~h``co hb g ~yc%Chdcoc glc ]jkt gttcei`glc d`htc`{yctcei`ct }jg} yc~hy}cm i{ Oc`tho *7;2> {cgyt I/^/ byhe }jcihs`mcy vhoc gt tjh|o ho Bklsyc 4/ Jh|crcy, so}k` gmmk}khog` mg}g gycgog`{vcm }jctc mg}ct gyc dhotkmcycm }co}g}krc/

Go ke~hy}go} ycts`} hb }jc Yg{isyo,t ~g`{oh`hlkdg` t}sm{ kt }jg}~h``co gyc komccm ~yctco}, gt g}}ct}cm gihrc ko }jc ihs`mcy vhoc/ ]jktkt kodho}yhrcy}ki`c ~yhhb }jg} }jc vhoc hyklkog}cm }jyhslj tsigcykg` |cg}jcykol|cg}jcykol gom kt ~yhigi`{ g yceogo} hb g hodc ehyc hy `ctt dho}koshstdg`dk}c dg~yhda/

=4


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RK/ Tseegy{ gom Dhod`stkhot]jkt yc~hy} mhdseco}t }jc ~h``co t}smkct egmc g} Yg{isyo,t gom

Rgdjcykc mhect/ Mhdseco}g}kho hb }jc mg}g mcrc`h~cm gom hb }jc ec}jhmtstcm gom gog`{vkol }jc mg}g korh`rc ~g`{oh`hlkdg` gom t}yg}klyg~jkd fgylho}jg} }comt }h mc}ygd} byhe }jc ~sy~htc gom }jc dhod`stkhot ycgdjcm ko }jc

7 jh| ego{ ~ ~ / / / / / / / / / 1 / , , ~ ~ ~ gom }jcky }ko{iyc}jyco mhct k } }gac }h tsybck} }jc grcyglc ycgmcy8 Bhy }jkt ycgthog} }jc ykta hb yc~cg}kol |jg} jgt icco dhrcycm c`tc|jcyc ko }jc }cz}, }jkttcd}kho tseegykvct }jc t}smkct, }jcky ~sy~htc gom }jc dhod`stkhot ycgdjcm/Tseegy{

Hifcd}krct hb }jc t}smkct hb Wsg}cyogy{ mc~htk}t gihrc gom ko }jcrkdkok}{ hb Rgdjcykc gom Yg{isyo,t mhec kod`smc6 *g+ g mc}cyekog}kho hb}jc }cd}hokd t}gik`k}{ hb }jc mhect msykol Wsg}cyogy{ }kec }jg} kt, |jc}jcy}jc Wsg}cyogy{ mc~htk}t jgrc icco `kb}cm hs} hb ~`gdc i{ s~|gym ehrceco}hb }jc tg`} msykol Wsg}cyogy{ }kec gom *i+ g mc}cyekog}kho hb }jc j{myh`hlkd t}gik`k}{ hb }jc s~~cy ~hy}khot hb }jc mhect gt crkmcodcm i{ mkt%th`s}kho gom tsitkmcodc gom(hy dh``g~tc msykol Wsg}cyogy{ }kec/ ^h``cot}smkct jgrc icco stcbs` ko gddhe~`ktjkol }jc `g}}cy hb hifcd}krc, k /c / ,~yhrkmkol mg}g dhodcyokol }jc j{myh`hlkd t}gik`k}{ hb }jc s~~cy ~hy}khothb }jc mhect/

G ~yhi ce gtthdkg}cm |k}j }jc ko}cy~yc}g}kho hb }jc Wsg}cyogy{ mc~htk}t hrcy }jc }|h mhect kt }jg}, ko cgdj kot}godc aoh|o l y g r c ` ~ i c g y k o l Wsg}cyogy{ tcmkeco}t gyc somcy`gko i{ tcmkeco}t |jhtc glc kt sodcy}gko%tcmkeco}t hb ~httki`c Wsg}cyogy{ glc/ Ko }jc dgtc hb Rgdjcykc mhec,}jctc tcmkeco}t gyc kmco}kbkcm gt `Kgoheg`hst) tgomt ko hsy yc~hy}t gomjgrc icco rgykhst`{ ko}cy~yc}cm gt ol {

=3


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]jc gehso} gom yg}c hb/ tsitkmcodc hrcy }jc |ct}cyo com hb Rgdjcykcmk th` kho } |hs`m k b

`Kgoheg`hst`k `{yc`clg}kho hb }jc tgom }h go{ hb }jc }jycc dg}clhykct gihrc |hs`m jc`~ kosomcyt}gomkol }jc jkt}hy{ hb tg`} ehrceco} gom mktth`s}kho/ ]jc )goheg`hst)tgom kt lcocyg``{ igyyco hb ~h``co is} ko }jc }jycc tge~`ct }jg} dho}gkocmtklokbkdgo} gehso}t hb ~h``co }jc hddsyycodc hb D h ~ h t k } g c }{~ct mg}ct }jctgom gt ickol Ekhdcoc hy {hsolcy/ G Wsg}cyogy{ glc bhy }jc tgom kt ke~yhi%gi`c is} oh} ke~httki`c/

]jc t}yg}klyg~jkd tk}sg}kho g} Yg{isyo,t mhec kt thec|jg} tkek`gy }h}jg} g} Rgdjcykc ko }jg} aoh|o Wsg}cyogy{ mc~htk}t `kc gihrc g ihs`mcy vhocdhotkt}kol hb dg`dk}c ihs`mcyt gom dhii`ct ko g eg}ykz hb d`g{c{ tgom/ ]jcihs`mcy vhoc kt ~yhigi`{ g yceogo} hb g hodc ehyc%hy%`ctt dho}koshst dg`dk}cdg~yhda dhrcy }jg} |gt tsigcykg``{ cz~htcm `cgrkol icjkom |g}cy%|hyo bygleco}t hb dg`dk}c hrcy`{kol goj{myk}c dg~yhda/ \jco }jkt hddsyycm kt so%dcy}gko/ Bygleco}g}kho gom yhsomkol hb }jc dg`dk}c bygleco}t i{ tsitsybgdc|g}cyt |k}jhs} }jc dg~yhda crcy jgrkol icco tsiek}}cm }h tsigcykg` cyhtkhogyc g`th ~httkik`k ct ``co t}smkct ihs`mcy vhoc Yg{isyo7tjgrc jgm }|h hif rct6 *g+ g ktkho gt }h |jc}jcy hy oh} }jcyc |gt ~h``cokodhy~hyg}cm |k}jko }jkt vhoc |jkdj |hs`m ~yhrc }jg} k } jgm icco tsigcykg``{cz~htcm gom *i+ ~httki`c mc}cyekog}kho hb }jc glc hb }jc ihs`mcy vhoc/

^h``co t kct |cyc th 7 ko k aoh|omc~htk gihrc }jc ihs`mcy vhoc/ Ko lcocyg` }jctc Wsg}cyogy{ mc~htk}t

77 7{ yds` kd `h| hrcy }oc dco}yg` Mhy}`ho hy AgRisyo,Tmhec/ ^ycrkhst t}smkct jgm kmco}k mcc~ *ehyc }jgo 7>> + mc~htkaoh|o Wsg}cyogy{ hrcy`{kol }jc ohy}jcyo |ct}cyo gom cgt}cyo tkmct hb }jcmhec/ Somcy ohyeg` cyhtkhog`(mc~htk}khog` dkydset}godct }jc t}ycge mc~htk}kol

=2


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g``srkse g} }jkt mc~}j |hs`m jgrc jgm }h czk} }jc igtko ko g rg``c{ co%}ycodjcm }h mc~}jt thec|jg} ehyc }jgo 7>> bcc} mcc~X Tsdj g t}ycge |hs`mjgrc icco igdabk``cm |k}j g``srkse msykol tsitcwsco} ko}cyl`gdkg` t}glctgom go g}}ce~} |gt egmc }h bk co}ycodjcm rg`` 77 |k}j

g``srkse/ G ct d`htc`{ olt egmc ko }jc `h|jk``t tsyyhsomkol }jc mhec bhs oh tsdj k} {bhy }jc goheg`hst`{ mcc~ Wsg}cyogy{ }jcycbhyc, |gt }jyhslj mktth`s}khohb }jc somcy`{kol tg`} gom tsitkmcodc hb }jc Wsg}cyogy{ mc~htk}t gihrc}jc mhec/ ]jc }jkdaoctt hb }jc aoh|o Wsg}cyogy{ }jst icdhect g ecgtsychb }jc gehso} hb mktth`s}kho gom tsitkmcodc }jg} jgt hddsyycm msykol Wsg%}cyogy{ }kec/ Bsy}jcy k } |gt jh~cm }jg} ~h``co t}smkct |hs`m ~cyek}vhog}kho hb }jc s~~cyeht} gom }jc {hsolct} Wsg}cyogy{ mc~htk}t, ~cyek}}kolmc}cyekog}kho hb ~httki`c tsitkmcodc |k}jko g bkok}c ~cykhm hb }kec ecgtsy%gi`c i{ ygmkhdgyiho mg}kol/ Gt hs}`kocm ko }jc }cz} gom ko }jc dhod`stkhotic`h| }jc ~h``co t}smkct |cyc tsddcttbs` ko }jkt yclgym/

G bkog` ~hko} }jg} tjhs`m ic egmc kt }jg} }jc tjkb} byhe mhekogo}`{}yh~kdg` ~h``co }{~ct ko }jc Cgy`{ Chdcoc }h mhekogo}`{ }ce~cyg}c ~h``co}{~ct ko }jc Wsg}cyogy{ |gt gisomgo}`{ gom d`cgy`{ k``st}yg}cm ko hsy t}sm{g} Rgdjcykc gom Yg{isyo,t mhect/ ]jst k } kt ~httki`c }h mkt}kolsktj geholrgykhst bhyeg}khot |k}jko }jc ]cy}kgy{ igtcm ho ~h``co bycwscodkct hb }yh~kdg`rcytst }ce~cyg}c }{~ct // Bhy czge~`c g`}jhslj ekdyhbgsog gyc lcocyg``{`gdakol ko }jc T~gy}g gom }jc \k`dhz bhyeg}khot k } kt ~httki`c }h mkt}ko%lsktj }jce igtcm ho }jcky dho}gkocm ~h``co ekdyhb`hyg/Dhod`stkhot

7/ ]jc glc hb }jc )goheg`hst) tgomt g} Rgdjcykc dhs`m jgrc ygolcmbyhe cgy`{ ]cy}kgy{ *ek ` ` kho + }h Wsg}cyogy{ Ho }jc

kt }jkt ``co k } kt

=


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Ekhdcoc *9> ek``kho {cgyt+/ ]jc glc hb }jctc tgomt eg{ ic gt{hsol gt Wsg}cyogy{/

9/ ^h``co gttcei`glct dgo ic yc`kgi`{ stcm }h tsimkrkmc }jc Wsg}cy%ogy{ gihrc Yg{isyobkt mhec ko}h l`gdkg` gom ko}cyl`gdkg` vhoct/

4/ ]jctc vhoct g~~cgy }h jgrc icco |gy~cm mh|o|gym ocgy }jc cmlcttko mhec Wsg}cyogy{ mc~htk}t

gyc mcc~ct} tsllct}kol mktth`s}kho gom tsitkmcodc ho }jc hymcyhb 7 bhh} ~cy 7>>> {cgyt msykol }jc `gt} 73>>> {cgyt/

=/ ]jc ihs`mcy vhoc hrcy Yg{isyo,t goj{myk}c dg~yhda |gt tsi%gcykg``{ cz~htcm ko }jc lch`hlkd ~gt} g``h|kol mc~htk}kho hb~h``co |k}jko }jkt t}yg}se/

3/ ^g`{oh`hlkdg` crkmcodc tsllct}t }jg} }jkt ~h``co gom i{ kobcycodc}jc ihs`mcy vhoc kt byhe H`klhdcoc }h `g}c ^`khdcoc ko glc/

2/ ^h``co tsk}ct, ~gy}kds`gy`{ ~h``co bycwscodkct dgo ic ke~hy}go}}hh`t ko mkt}kolsktjkol gehol ]cy}kgy{ bhyeg}khot ko ohy}j@hsktkgog gom ic}|cco }jc ]cy}kgy{ gom }jc Wsg}cyogy{/

=:


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RKK/ YcbcycodctG7} Mgrkm 7; Ycrktkho hb }jc @h|cy Chdcoc \k`dhz b`hyg hb }jc% % ~ 6 % % % % % 6 %ths}jcgt}cyo t}g}ct6 s/T/ Lch`/ Tsyrc{ ^yhb/ ^g~cy 732 7;2 ~/Mgsicoekyc, Ycybhym 7;/Mc`dhsy} ^gs` G/ gom Hc`dhsy} Y/ 7 ,]jc ]sokdg Jk``t, @hsktkgog%Ekttkttk~~k % `g}c l`gdkg` `hdg`k}{ bhy t~ysdc gom mcdkmshst bhyct}t~cdkct6 Wsg}cyogy{ Yctcgydj r/


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Fhoct C/ @/ 7;27g ^`go} ekdyh%bhttk`t hb `gekog}cm tcmkeco}t hb }jc@h|cy Chdcoc \k`dhz Lyhs~ ko ths}j%dco}yg` Gyagotgt *^j/M/ mkttcy}g}kho+6Ohyego, Sokrcytk}{ hb Ha`gjheg, 793 ~/Fhoct C/ @/ 7;27i Corkyhoeco}g` tklokbkdgodc hb ~g`{ohehy~jt byhe@h|cy Chdcoc tcmkeco}t hb Gyagotgt6 Tdkcodc r/ 74= ~/ 7422/

^g`{oh`hl{ Ekm|g[%\k`dhz ihsomgy{ ko ths}j%Ls` } / , r 79 ~/i D/ Y ,F F ect F D/ 7;:> k^k} Hrcy Yg{isyo,t ` } Mhec, Wsgy}cy`{ Yc~hy} C377 Kot}kbhy Corkyhoeco}g` T}smkct Ig}ho Yhslc, @hsktkgog T}g}c Sokrcytk}{/

@ch~h`m Cc I/ 7;2; @g}c Dcohvkhd ^g`{oh`hl{ ko Gt~cd}t hb ^g`{oh`hl{Y/ J/ ]tdjsm{ gom Y/ G/ Tdh}} cmk}hyt/ \k`c{%Ko}cytdkcodc Oc| [hya/

Egy}kocv F/ M/ ]jhet, Y/ @/ As~bcy M/ J/, Tek}j D/ L/ Fy/, Ah`i, D/ Y/Oc|djsydj, C/ F/ , \k`dhz Y/ C/ Egookol, ]/ G/ Fy/, Yheicyl, E/,@c|kt G/ F gom Yhrka F C`Go Korct ho }jc S}k`k}{hb Ls`b Dhgt} Tg`} Mhect bhy }jc T}hyglc hy Mkt~htg` hb Ygmkhgd}krc Yc~hy} HYO@%Tsi%=77 , K Cork ct /Ig}ho Yhslc, @hsktkgog T}g}c Sokrcytk}{ 49; ~/

Egy}kocv F/ M/ ]jhet, Y/ @/ Tek}j D/ L/ Fy/, Ah`i, D/ Y/ Oc|djsydj,C/ F/, gom \k`dhz Y/ C/ 7;


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Pleistocene Palynology, North Louisiana