POLICIES AND PRACTICE: BANGLADESH’S EXPERIENCE

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief (MoDMR), Bangladesh

SESSION 1 POLICIES AND PRACTICE: BANGLADESH’S EXPERIENCE

Mohammad Abdul Qayyum National Project Director, CDMP II & Additional Secretary, MoDMR, Bangladesh Email: [email protected] September 25, 2014



CONTENTS 1. Hazard Profile: Bangladesh

2. Earthquake Vulnerability

3. Policy Issues (Earthquake Focus)

4. Disaster Management (DM): Regulatory Framework

5. DM Planning Framework

6. Adopted DM Model

7. DM Institutions

8. Practice: EQ/Urban Risk Reduction

Risk Reduction

Capacity Building

9. Raising Community Awareness

10.Lessons Learned and Way Forward



HAZARD PROFILE: BANGLADESH

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Bangladesh ranks first as the most vulnerable nation to the impacts of climate change in the coming decades.

Bangladesh ranks fifth in the world risk index 2012, bearing the disastrous combination of extreme exposure and high vulnerability.

DROUGHT Affects 2.3 m ha crop land. Loss of grazing fields, dried up ponds, water shortage. In 2006, reduced food grains by 1 million tons.

FLASH FLOOD Damages standing crops, infrastructures and facilities. Unpredictable, uncertain.

FLOOD Inundates 20% (normal years) to 75% of land area during monsoon, increases river erosion, breaches embankments, damages infrastructures. Loss of crops, fisheries, livestock, biodiversity.

SALINITY INTRUSION Damages biodiversity, crop lands, livelihoods, safe water sources. Spreading intrusion from 0.75 to 1.5 m ha (2009); 53% of coastal area affected. Projected displacement: 6-8 million people by 2050

CYCLONE Remains the deadliest, most destructive hazard. Recurring events, lingering aftermath, complex recovery. Improved preparedness (CPP, shelters, embankments). AND CLIMATE CHANGE HAZARDS, EARTHQUAKES, FIRE BREAKOUTS, INFRASTRUCTURE COLLAPSES, ETC.



Himalayan frontal thrust

Arakan Segment

EARTHQUAKE VULNERABILITY Bangladesh is in a seismically active region.

Long gap in EQ occurrence.

Rapid unplanned urbanization, Urban population growth is about 2.9% annually.

Highly dense population (1,203 people/sq km).

Unsafe building structure including poor quality of construction materials and improper construction method (masonry).

Weak Governance and policy Implementation

Improperly managed utility supplies (Gas, electricity, telephone, sewage etc.)

Limited resources (Financial, Technical/Skill and Technological)

Inadequate road width and space between buildings

Inadequate exit (at the same time) for the occupants of a building during an emergency

Lack of earthquake resistant design of life line facilities which include power plants, power stations, bridges, communication control stations, gas and others.



POLICY ISSUES (EQ FOCUS) 1. DM Act 2012: DM Act 2012 Section 17 calls for establishment of different National

Disaster Management Committees including Earthquake Preparedness and Awareness Raising Committee.

2. National Plan for DM 2010-2015: Provisioned for Earthquake Management Plan, National Earthquake Contingency Plan, Earthquake Vulnerability Assessment, Earthquake vulnerability and risk maps for mega cities, Earthquake Risk Reduction Plan, Earthquake Incident Command Systems (ICS)

3. Standing Orders on Disasters 2010: In 2008 earthquake consideration was incorporated in the SOD. It provisioned to establish Disaster Management Committee at every level up to Union. It also provides scope for the Govt. NGOs and Private Sectors to think locally and plan for need based programme involving local community

4. Community Risk Assessment (CRA) Guideline: MoDMR introduced a uniform CRA methodology that is a participatory process to assess hazards, risks and vulnerabilities in order to prepare a risk reduction action plan (RRAP).

5. Bangladesh National Building Code: Advocacy for implementation of Building Code at various level. This is also provisioned by SoD to relevant departments and agencies.



DM: REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

Disaster Management Act

National Plan for DM (NPDM)

DM Policy Standing Orders on

Disaster (SOD)

MoDMR Plans Sectoral Plans (DRR Incorporated)

Sectoral Policies (DRR Incorporated)

Guideline Templates

Local Plans Hazard Plans

Programming for Implementation



DM PLANNING FRAMEWORK

National Plan for DM (NPDM)

MoDMR Corporate Plan Sectoral Development Plans

(DRR incorporated)

Cyclone Management Plan

Flood Management Plan

Earthquake Management Plan

Tsunami Management Plan

Others

Hazard Specific Plans for DM

Department of Disaster MGT

Cyclone Preparedness Prog.

Agency Plans

City Corporation DM Plan

District DM Plan

Local Level Plans

Upazila DM Plan

Union DM Plan

Municipality DM Plan



ADOPTED DM MODEL

Defining Risk Environment

Setting Context: Sensitization and criteria development, Community Risk Assessment (Integration of technical and traditional approach, including climate change impact perspective), Risk Register and Prioritization

Managing Risk Environment

Avoid/Eliminate Risks (Prevention) Reduce/Transfer Risks (Mitigation) (Includes adaptation to climate change vulnerabilities)

Managing Residual Risks (Preparedness) (Creating the systems for effective preparedness, response and recovery capabilities)

Emergency Response

Warning/Evacuation/Search/Rescue (Response) Emergency Relief (Response) (Actual activation of the response system)

Emergency Rehabilitation (Recovery) Long Term Holistic Rehabilitation (Recovery) (Considering Risk Reduction Process)

Risk

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Em

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DM INSTITUTIONS

National Disaster Management Council (NDMC)

Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief (MoDMR)

National Disaster Management Advisory Committee (NDMAC)

National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (NPDRR)

Inter Ministerial Disaster Management Coordination Committee (IMDMCC)

Department of Disaster Management (DDM)

Earthquake Preparedness and Awareness

CPP Implementation Board (CPPIB)

District DM Committee (DDMC)

Zone/Upazila Upazila DM Committee

(UzDMC)

Union Union DM Committee (UzDMC)

Municipal DM Committee (MDMC)

NGOCC

DMTATF

CSDDWS

FPOCG

City Corporation DM Committee (CCDMC)



Community Engagement

PRACTICE: EQ/URBAN RISK REDUCTION

Seismic Assessment &

Planning

Risk Reduction



Risk Reduction

Building Code

Revision Advocacy



School EQ Safety Drill Urban

volunteers

Safer Cities

campaign

Training of School Teacher



RAISING COMMUNITY AWARENESS

Observence of National Disaster Preparedness Day (Theme for 2011 was on EQ)

Advocacy Workshops / Seminars / Roundtables

Simulation Drill –Ward Level, Educational Institue, Agencies

Information Education Communication (IEC) Campaign

Engaging Religious Leaders (Imams of local Mosques)

Engineers and Construction Workers

Strengthening media including community radios



LESSONS LEARNED AND WAY FORWARD

Still there are Policy gaps exist including revision of Building Code.

Earthquake Preparedness and Awareness Comittee is not fully operational.

Unlike other hazards EQ’s devastation is not well perceived by the people.

Implemention of Building Code is a challenge, it requires multi party engagement and coordination.

Contigency plans are to be institutionalised.

CDMP’s extension of one year would provide scopes for further policy advocacy.

World Bank to start Urban Resilience Project.

Bangladesh’s unique charecteristic of social cohesion to promote and strengthen volunteerism

Organize consultations with the Professionals working in municipalities, city corporations and development authorities, agencies involved in planning and implementing infrastructure projects, and private developers in the cities and to ensure the integration of the Risk Assessment Results into their professional practice.

Lesso

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ay Forw

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Thank you

For more information contact:


United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Department of Disaster Management Bhaban (6th Floor)

92-93 Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh, Tel: (+88 02) 989 0937, 882 1255, Website: www.cdmp.org.bd Ph

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POLICIES AND PRACTICE: BANGLADESH’S EXPERIENCE