Political leaders, Domestic Policies, Cold War, and the Quiet Revolution

John DiefenbakerPrime minister from 1957-63 Progressive Conservative party- defeating Liberal PartyPopulist leader, in the long-term unable to reach his goals-Cut personal Income Taxes-Raised old Age Pension Payouts

White BoardList 2 other Populist leaders.

Diefenbaker creates the Bill of rights freedom of speech and religionlimited equal rightsthe right to life, liberty, security of person, and fundamental justicethe enjoyment of propertythe right to counsel   

Criticisms Does not cancel any conflicting lawsthe bill of rights was not a constitutional amendment The bill only affects matters in the constitution of 1867

White BoardWhat is an example of state/provincial law conflicting with a Federal Law

The Columbia River Treaty is a 1964agreement between Canada and the US to build dams in the upper Columbia basin for power and flood control

Pros of the DamBC hydro, the company employed to build the damSupplied electricity into remote communities BC hydro also provided electricity, running water, telephone services, a school, a church, a park and stores. better flood protection

Cons of the Dam

had to relocate and compensate hundreds of people who lived on arrow on arrow lakeRiver Valley for thousands of years, lost sacred burial grounds, an extremely devastating experience for their communitycost to BC to build the three dams exceeded the revenue initially receivedprovince also had to pay for improved highway, bridges, railway relocation, as well as welfare increases for the people affected by installation of the dams

Pierre Trudeauprime minister from 1968-1979 and again in 1980-1984Liberal party in 1968

Bilingualism and Multiculturalism

Full integration of French and English in the federal governments services and documentsTwo official languages in the countryOpenness to the world and an open immigration policy

October Crisis 1970

FLQ Front de Liberation du Quebec(Leftist radical French Canadian independence group)

Kidnapped British trade Commissioner James Cross(British Trrade Commissioner

Gov implement War Measures ActAllowed use of military force, FLQ illegal, and suspected association reason for arrestSuspended Civil LibertiesGov refused to Negotiate

October Crisis OutcomeBecause of Gov Actions FLQ kidnapped and killed Minister of Labour (Quebec)Gov found FLQ hideoutCross is released- negotiated with his kidnappers- 5 were flown to CubaFLQ lost all political following in Canada

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms:1982 Trudeau’s second term

guarantees the rights of individuals by enshrining those rights, and certain limits on them, in the highest law of the landTrumps any provincial or local lawCharter expanded the rights of minoritiesReplaceed 1960 Bill of Rights which only covered Federal Law

Cold War Fears• Diefenbaker 1950’s-early 60’s• North American Aerospace

Defense Command (NORAD) provides aerospace warning, air sovereignty, and defense for N. America

• joined because the fear that a soviet attack would come across Canada

Avro Arrow Project under DiefenbakerCanadian built fighter against the USSRCancelled the project costing Canada $ and JobsJet was replaced by US anti Air Missiles

WHITE BOARD QUESTIONWhat benefits does Canada gain in joining NORAD?

1950’s and Early 60’s Defense Spending

25K troops sent to Korean WarUnder Diefenbaker- high defense spending(Cold War)1950’s Canada rebuilt military Soviet Threat10K troops stationed in EuropePart of NATO

White BoardWhat does the US spend the most on?

What other things could this money go to in your opinion?

Social Welfare Programs 1960’s :Lester Pearson

Pearson Cut $ from Defense for Social ProgramsEducation- Canada Student Loans Program 64- low cost loans for university or trade school

Government would cover on defaulted loansCanadian Pension Plan- more benefit in retirement

Provinces could enact own plans with fed $MEDICARE ACT-Universal Health Care for all CanadiansFederal money to provide equal healthcare in all provinces

DiscussDo you like the Canadian Model or the American Model?

White BoardWhat is the dominant group in Canada?

Quiet/Silent RevolutionPrior to rev Fr Can seen as backward, rural, & less educated1960’s Fr Can in Quebec increased movement to the citiesWent away from conservative Catholic ValuesDemanded secularization and modernization of cities and schoolsResented the dominance of wealthy English speaking Canadians in their provinceLed by liberal Union National Party

White boardWhat will be the goal of the Silent revolution?

Actions of the Revolution.Quebec increased taxes and spent more to provide modern services to their population1962 Nationalized Power(Hydro Quebec)

Bought from English Speaking companiesGov took over gas, water , and electrical services for lower cost to people

Change in Quebec and City of Montreal

Education would be transformed away from churchesIncreased teaching standards to national level

Given a higher level French education and English secondary

1974 Official Language Act- French is official language of QAll these actions made city of Montreal a modern city with vibrant economy with an educated population.