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Political Understandings of EuropeSS6CG4: The student will compare and contrast various forms of government.SS6CG5: The student will explain the structure of modern European governments.What is government?Definition: The system or form by which a community or other political unit is governed. The study of government of states and other political units. The organization that is the governing authority of a political unit.Legislators (law-makers)AdministratorsControl a state/countryOrganizationHow state policy is enforcedTo governTo manageDifferent governmentsAristocracyAutocracyCommunist stateConfederationDemocracyEmpireFederationMonarchy

OligarchyParliamentary statePresidentialRepublicTheocracyTyrannyForms of government in the world

What do you recognize about the types of government all over the world?UNITARYSingle national government has all the power. There is no state or local government independent of the national government.

Central AuthorityUnitaryWays Government Distributes PowerRegional AuthorityRegional AuthorityRegional AuthorityRegional AuthorityList of Unitary States

Italy Poland PortugalSpain UkraineUnited Kingdom

Information site- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_state (This site has only been utilized to gather a list of countries that fall under a Unitary system. For a more extensive search we would suggest a research based site).7CONFEDERATIONSMade up of state governments or provinces.Loose alliance between them.Most of the power rests with the state governments or provinces.The national government has some power, but not as much as the states.

Central AuthorityConfederationWays Government Distributes PowerRegional AuthorityRegional AuthorityRegional AuthorityRegional AuthorityList of Confederations- TodayEuropean Union and OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)FEDERALHave a strong national government that shares power with smaller state governments.Most of the power is in the hands of the national government, but some authority is reserved for the states.The United States has a federal form of government.The federal (national) government shares power with fifty state governments.

Federation / FederalWays Government Distributes PowerRegional AuthorityCentral AuthorityRegional AuthorityRegional AuthorityRegional AuthorityList of countries with Federal Governments (24)

BELGIUMGERMANYRUSSIASPAINUNITED STATES

Information site- http://www.forumfed.org/en/federalism/by_country/index.php

13Federal government 3 branches

Ways Government Distributes PowerFederalUnitaryConfederationAll key powers are held by the central government State/regional authorities hold most of the powerStrong central governmentWeaker central governmentQuestionsPower and how it is distributed?On a blank piece of paper #1-6 and write Unitary, Confederation, or Federal for your answer. Spell out the word 1. In this form of government power is shared with smaller governments (provinces/states).2. In this form of government the power is in the smaller state governments or provinces.3. This type of government is where you would most likely see a dictatorship.4. In this type of government most of the power is in the hands of the national government, but some power is reserved for the states.5. In this type of government the national government has all the power?6. In this type of government there is no state or local government independent of the national government.

How government systems distribute powerA unitary government does NOT distribute powerA confederations power is with the state governments or provinces.A federal government shares power with smaller states.Sample test questionIn Nigerias government, power is divided between Central and regional authorities. This is an example of which government type? A. UnitaryB. ConfederationC. FederalD. Parliamentary

How governments determine citizen participationAutocracies-Ruled by a dictatorOligarchies-Ruled by a small groupDemocracies-Citizens have a voice in their government

Autocracies(Autocracy)Ruled by a dictatorCitizens do not have much sayRuler usually do what he/she wantsDoes not need the approval of the peopleLeaders rule until they die, are overthrown, or decide to resign from officeMany rule for year, or even decades.

Speaking of dictatorsWorld's 13 deadliest dictators

Oligarchies (Oligarchy)Governments that are ruled by a small groupElite families, military officers, religious leaders and/or members of the upper classHave a say in how the government is runCitizens who are outside the ruling group have very little to sayDemocracies (Democracy)Citizens have a voice in their governmentCitizens elect leaders and often get to vote on lawsIf the people do not like their leaders, they can vote to replace themMany people think the United States is a democracy, but it is a REPUBLIC (If anything the United States is a Federal Presidential Constitutional Republic)NOT a democracy People of ALL classes who are qualified citizens are allowed to vote and have a say in their governmentPractice questionsWho of the following would be the head of government in an autocracy?PresidentDictatorPrime MinisterMembers of the upper class

Practice questionsSteven lives in a country where one national government has all the power. It sounds like Steven lives under which form of government?UnitaryFederationConfederationStateForms of Democratic GovernmentParliamentary DemocracyPresidential Democracy

Parliamentary DemocracyMost of the power rests with the legislative body or parliamentThe parliament selects government ministersThe parliament elects a prime minister who serves as both the leader of the legislature and the nations head of government.Role of the citizens?Have a say through parliamentary electionsElect members of parliament who will then choose government leadersThere is often a head of state (King or Queen) but they have very little power.Presidential DemocracyPower is divided between the legislature and an executive, usually called the presidentRole of the citizens?People elect their legislators and the president separatelyThe president and the legislature have different powers and they work together, but neither has authority over the other.

Practice questionWhich of the following is the best description of a prime minister?An executive independent of the legislative branchAn autocratic rulerThe leader of an elite ruling classA head of government elected by members of a legislature