Pomona Britannica 1817

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Fruit-Garden Ulujlrated,

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Containing Sure Methods for Improving all the

Kinds oft

Now EXTANT in

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Great Variety of EXPERIMENTS made in all

^Kinds of SOILS and ASPECTS.

WHEREIN ,

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Thc Manner of Rajfing-^Y o v ij g Stocks, Graftings Inoculating^

^lantingy &c, are clearly and fully demonftrated.

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With DIRECTIONS>

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I. For Pruning wherein Reafons^

Marnier^ and Confequemes thereof are clearly

demonflrated. '

II, For Nailing j wherein the true

that the Branches of Fbe laid upon the Walls, are fet forth : Being a

moft important and ufeful Difcovery, unknown

to Gardeners in general.

III. For Preservingthe Injuries of Frqfls, Winds^ &c.

IV. RULES for the Thinning of their

ymmg'fet Fruits leave no more than

Nature can flrongly fupport, and ripen in the

greateft Perfection.

For ^referving and Ordering Young Fruit*,

their SloJJbm to the Time o^ their

VL To give them their true Tajle and Colour

when fully grown, Seafon of Ripningy Mannerof Gatherings Treferving^ &c.

s

Likcwife fevcml Praftical OBSERVAT ION S on the ImUhlng 9ower

and Ter/pkations of Fruit-Trees j the feveral EfFeds o(Heat2Lni

Moljlure tending to the Growth and Maturity of F r u ITS.

To which is added,

A Curious Account of the Moft Valuable Cyder-Fruits of D

TheWhole lUuftrated with above Three Hundred Drawings of the feveral FCurioufly Eng Seventy-nine large Folio Plates

By BATTT £^NGZ£rof Twickenham,1r

L N D O N :

Printed for G. Strahan in Comhill i R. Gosling. W. Meaks, F. Clay. D. BrowB. MoTTE, and L. G temple-bar JS GG in IVeftmmJier-Hall

J. O s B o R Nj at Qray S'Jnn Gate , and C. D a v i s in Pater-Nojier-Roiv- MMo. Bot. Garden,

1893\

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Excellent Majefty•

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MAJl_AJ!if,^^ i

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OUR Majefty*s . known Goodnefs

and exquifite Knowledge

culture

in Horti

>hope -will excufe

my

Your

Prefumption • in Dedicating to

fiioft#f *

Sacred JMajefty the en«

T>?

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IS an accurate

Work : which 1 am bold to

ation of Vegetable Na

ture in her various Produdions of the moft valuable

>

Fruits now extant in this Nation : Wherein her gra

dual Operations, thro* their feveral Degrees of Growth^

to their Maturity, are exadly delineated and defcrib'd.

TO-*-i

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IV 2) E A N.

TO attempt a Pourtraiture of Your Majefty's

Illuftrious Character, would be an Undertaking fupe

rior to the greateft Genius, and intirely inexcufable

m one who has made thefe Humble,

Studiesy

his principal Employmen t?

thou

and

or ufeful7

has no

Capacity, belides an honeft Zeal and fincere Loyalty,

fb arduous a TaskX

1

BUT as we,

' m

who have the Happinefs to live min Your

our

y It

lour inoft aufpidous Reign, behold united

Sacred Majefty the Perfeaions and Virtues of all

moft Glorious Queens Your Royal Predeceflbrs

would be in fotne meafure unpardonable to omit ._

Opportunity to exprefs our Gratitude for the Bleflings

heap'd upon U5 by Your Goodnefs.

any

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WHlLETBis Sacred Majefty,

Sovereisfnt)"j

our moft gracious

imploys his important Cares for the Hap-pinefs and Profperity of his People, both at Homeand Abroad

>

and Privileges,

in order to fecure to them their Rightsand to preferve and extend the Benefits

of their Trade and Commerce,

Europe YouJ

Youf Subjects,

Madam,

Your

great Concerns of Religion and Virtue

of a Private and Domeftick Life.

and is the Arbiter of

powerfully recommend to all

, the

and the Duties

own bright Example

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BE

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D A N. Vt

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BE it the Task of a more elevated Genius to

tranfmit to Pofterity the Uluftrious Graces of Your

Majefty's Publick Charadler, together with the Ex-

emplarinefs of Your Conjugal Affeftion, and Maternal

are of Your Royal Offspring (the future Hopes and

Happinefs of this Kingdom) ; Yolif profound Know

ledge in all Parts of Divine and Human Learning

Your Exemplary Piety, and that Gracious Affability

y

and Condefcenfion to -all who have the Honour o

approaching Your Royal Perfon, which is peculiar to

Your Majefty »

^

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a

W'H ILE I indulge myfelf in the mu

ranee>

That to a Mi»d exalted Nature;and

improved by Study, the Contemplation of the Works

of the Great Creator, difplay'd in the

Produdions getative !b5aturcp-txjntain'd

autiful

thei

copious Syftem.of Planting and Gardening,will be

anwhen Your more arduous

\

agreeable Entertainment,

Affairs will permit Your Majefty to enjoy the calm

and peaceful Sweets of Solitude and Retirement.

m*

THIS agreeable Affurance emboldens me to lay

before-Ypur -Majefty the following Obfervations and

Experiments on the choiceft Fruits which are pro

duc'd in thefe Kingdoms : The right Ordering whereof

being well underftood, will render them Mature and

Wholefome?

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D D A N.I

Wliolefome;

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and not a little contribute to the Healthof Your People.

THAT Your Majefty may long continue an

Ornament to the Royal Dignity/ an Example to Your

Sex, the Delight of Your Subjects, and Admiration

ofEurope^

is

the fervent Prayer of. «

May pieafe Tour Ma if e sty?

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Tour Majefifs mofi Dutiful,

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And moji Loyal

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LTHO our ady ^Sâlks?

Avenues, Groves Wildernefles

Grotto's, Fountains^ Canals. &c, {of ivhkh have en

deavourd to gratify the C fwHh great Variety

Vlans?

ifter a Grand and more RuralManner than has hen done before, in

my New of Gardenin lately hlifljd) may e juftly pro

portion dy and truly executed in all their Tarts, yet if they are not em^

lellijh'd mth the heft Kinds of Fruits now extant in England, it cannot

le faid hut that they are âjily Jbort of thofe Beauties 'which male

them truly Grand and Nohky as well as Trojitalle and Delightful

IF we dd hut conjider the various Forms and Colours of the Leaves

Fruit^TreeSy and compare them with Forejl^Trees, it will le found

rees V ^fjuaJIy-ns lieautfful-T-^Ttt-wh^ff WC COWparC

their beautiful Bloffoms, with which they are adorn d in G springs

their Fruits which fucceed, and their Leaves alfo, with the bare Leaves

}fForeJi'Trees only^ 'tis evident that there's no manner of Compartfofi

tetween them

J

BVT It is not to hi underjiood, that decaufe the Beauties of Fruit-^

Trees are fuperior to thofe of Forefl-TreeSy that therefore Foreji-Trees

are to rejeSfedy and not receivd in our Gardens. And Jince that

Fruit-Trees are hioWn to he beautiful as well as profitable^ 'tis therefore

that I advife the Planting of them with Forefi-^Tfees, in Wildernefles

and other Rural TdrU of Gardens^ that their various agreeable Mix-

tures of Leaves and Fruits, may not o?ily delightfully entertain the Eyes

the Beholders, as they pafs thro the feverat Meanders thereof

hut their Tafte aljo*

J BESIDESi

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Vlll The

BESi'DESy from Plantations of this Kkd^ there airways arlfe great

ProfitsJ

{exchji' aforefaid Vleafures) hji

d 'Pears produce good Cyder and Perry Goofehernes an

^ Apples

Currants

mmethe

5Ch Raslerries fine Mixtures in Brandy^ dec

many Services in the Kitchen for Tarts, Sec, all fwhiche/ides

'very ferviceahle and advantageous to a Family, an

loumhly recommended to the Con/lderation of the Judici

therefc iS mo

w

As I have thus advifed the Planting of fuch Fruits which ripen

very well in the open Air 5 namely^ Cherries, Plumbs, Pears, Apples,

Strawberries, Rasberries^ Goofeberries, Currants^ ^c. Ifhall now pro--

ceed to fay fomething relating to the moft dejired Fruits, namely, thofe

produced againji Walls.

THEAp Peach

valuable Wall-Fruits in England, are Cherries, Plumbs

GrapyFig

yd Pears which we have a very

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great Variety, that are trulygood, when well order d, in kind Seafc

But, to the great Misfortune of mofi of our Nohility and Gentry

very feldom that they have any that are truly good, when Seafon

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tis

kind^ notwit the very -great Expences they are at, except hy i

Accident, when Nature herfelf has a6ied the Part of a judicious Gadener

5aîd the Reafons thereof whollyjmknown to the Gardener undi

whofe ^tre^fonfie has^

IT

greateft PerfeCi

as impojthk that Fruits can ie mature and ripen'd in their

ywhe their are full Crudities that are

confind in them for want of a free Perfpiration, as it is for Natur

equally to fupport ten 'Lo%en of Peaches, &c. ''with the fame Nourijh

ment as when there• ' -îs hit a T)ozen and half

But this is 72ot the dire6i Fault Gardenersy

' two 'Do%en at mofi

as there s no one

them now in England, {the ingenious Mr. Miller of the Phyftck Garden

ever thought) of Crudities hingt Chelfea excepted) that knows

contain d in the f Fruits, which, when

Tafies to le watery and infipid

^Jind^ their

5that fuch Crudities are diflharged hy

Perfpiration, {very few of nsohom know the Meaning of the Word) they

— not to he hlamedfor what they never knew, and therefore 'tis no wonderthat had Fruits have heen nually produced in great ^mntities, even

when\

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The E. ix

4

nsjhen Seajbns were êry hi as the êrfptration of Fruits is d

new 'D'lfcoveryy their paji Errors are pardonahle5 hit for the future 'tis

pe6iedy that they are no more pra6iifedy and the following ftri6ilj

executed^ whereby every GentlemaJi will receive his Fruits in the utmojb

VerfeCiion, that his Soil and the Seafbn can produce-.

»

THE following Works are, in general^ Matters of FaB^ digefted in

fuch a Manner as to he read hy every one that dejires to know the Renfons

and Confequemes of all their Operations^ which I humlly conceive will

e no lefs delightful than Profitable * the Whole heing a new Scene

Nature^ wherein her wonderful Methods of Working, thro'out her various

^rodu6tionSy are fully demonjlrated^ in a concife and eafy Manner^ ca

culated to the Underjianding of the meanefi Capacity^ as well as the mojt

Oolite and Learned herein. ' ^

"'TIS êry protdhtey ihdt^ at the jirfi Sight hereof Gardefiers may

e unwilling to depart from their old, uncertain^ conceited Methods^* >

Relieving themfelves either too oldy or too well learned, to learn more than

ihey already know t, or may imagine^ that what is here offered for fheir

Impro'oementSy fnav he lard Chimera*s onh. lih 'unto all which hasay

leen wrote on this SubjeSi ly TheoricaJ Gardeners^ who never had {or

were Ired to) 'Practice, But howevery if they will hut temperately ready

will

I

conJideTy and make Experiments^ on fame of their TreeSy Experie

Opinions

nee

Coon convince em

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/ST is a ^very great Mijtake and Misfortuney <when Nohlemen and

Gentlemen cannot hefixd with good Gaitdeners^y hut are always changing^

and very often from a had to a worfe, which a^Jirft is not difcoverdy

till fome terrible Stroke is made among the Fruit'Trees, perhaps fo the

utter Ruin of theniy and then 'tis too late to he retrieved.

'^-^

THERE is a certain Kind of People in England, who having leen

employ d in the labouring 'Part of Gardeningy perhaps hut for one Month

)will then put on Jp i

and call themfelves Gardi 9tho'y at

thefame time^ they infaEt are no more than Wheel-harrow Men, and

very often hardly worthy of that Office*

BT\

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IT is aJfo a very great Mijlake h Gentlemen^ ns^ho Lett tfoeir Gardens

to he kept hy the Tear^ to Undertahrs^ ^joho generally Lett them aga'm

to Gardeners under theniy at ficb very low Rates, that, to faê them-

felves, they are forced to Jlight and hurry over every Tart in

ns)orJp; Manner, to the great Trejudice of nzêll-planted Gardens.

ir

^y Twickenham, in the County c/MiddJefex>

is an hijlance this

Kind, where it mihappily falls out, thai the very hejl Garden of that

County, nay, I may jujlly

faythe only One in England

5 for fuch another

curious Colk6iion of valmhle Fruits is not found in one ardien mT

this Kingdom 5 is made a Sacrifice therehy : j4nd I am credibly inform d

vy a. Labourer thereof, that the Gardener who now has the Care of it^

midef the Undertaker, attempted, the lafl Wmter, to lett the Vruning-

h

ffnd Nailing of thofe mofi valuable Wall-Fruits to the

S^hree-pefice per Rod,

al'ourerSy atf r

I MUST confefs that I was grieved tb hear it, forfiner Trees ife

not in England 5 ajid the Trice leing fo very fmall, the Labourers could

not undertalze the Work, and thereby they efcaped, in Tart, the Fury of

th& unshlfu

4-

However^ to difpaich them in as expeditious a

Manner as e abourers were fet to Work hy the 2)ay)and

left to their own Tiifcretron, ahho' tjjey knew mfloing of the Matter^ any

more than making fmooth Walls, which they fucceeded in^ fir not knowing

the Eloffom-Budsfrom the Leaf-Buds, they cut away the greatefi Tart

of the Fruits : So that during this Manner of Keeping, there has been

very few, or fcarcely any Fruits in the whole Garden, notwithfianding

that it confifis i Twenty Acres, and did feldom or never

fail of being very fruitful before.

I

LF I may may be permitted to give my Opinion, with Relation to the»

Truning of Fruit'Trees in large Gardens, I humbly conceive that their

Truning is the direct Bufinefs of the Head Gardener himfelf, an no

other Terfon whatfoy

pting that any of his Underlings have h

well infirufied therein, who may then un his Eye, perform a Tart

thereof one experienced T will perform more Wor tn one

Seajbn, than any Nobleman or Gentleman's Table can reqmre : and there

fore when unskilful Teople (as aforefaid) are employ d in fuch Worksj either

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ill The G E.

ly the IndifcreUon of the Gardener under 'whom they Work, or thro* his

Idlenefs, the Gentleman mohom they fer'^je^ h certain of leing greatly in*

jtr/dy and very often his Trees are totally ruind thereby

WHEN Gentlemen are determind to Lett the Keeping of their Gar-

dens ly the Tear^ 'tis much to their Advantage, to Lett them to the Gar^

deners themfehes, twho are employ d on the Spot, ^nd not to Undertahrsy

fwho muji have a Fleece out of the Tearly Jllowance for doing nothing :

hofen^herefore my Advice is. That fome reputahle Gardener

theannual Sum in Grofs allow d him 5 for then ^whatever happens amifs

he is ^wholly anfweralle for it,

*

B T this Way of proceedings the Gentleman 'will le fure of having no

Room for Excufes for want Help3

he will he fure of keeping his

mofi valuable Fruits^ ^Flowers^ Roots, and "Plants, in his own Garden,

which many Undertakers are very apt to take a Liking to. And, in a Word,

ifBujinefs is to le well done in this Manner, it muft certainly le hefi when

4he Gardener reaps the whole Gain that is allow dfor

his Labour,an

Expences therein.I

.

THUS much Way of Caution, with Refpe£i to the Bujinefs of

Pruning and Keeping of Gardens 5 / now recommend you to T^raffice,

which is fully declared in thefollowing Chapters

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ftwickenham^ July

25, 1728.Batty Langley.

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Principal MattersJ

A B:

BELE

Jdmirabk êachEarly-

Late

Folio

47

103

Bakim êars

106 Ba

Barren Lands how help'd

Folia

^3i

JiKy a Principle of Vegetables 5 Black Damojine Plumb

4/make about new planted Trees 40

Îberge êach

jilhemark 'Teach

jinne feachr

Afplesy how propagated

Table of the beft Kinds

Proper Soils

\

104 Black 9ear ffumh

ibid. BlackJweet

100

5>4

134

2

jipricots

Maiculine

Roman8S

Kinds\ Orange

Turky

Bruxel

Proper Soils

How propagated

Beft againft North-weft

ând South-weft Walls

On what Wood produced

Pittance to be planted at

When, and how to be thin'd

Diftance to ripen at

When to be gathered

How eaten

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JfpeBsy

North-eaft

Eaft

South-caft

South

South-weftWeft

North-weft

North

Autumn Fruits, When to gather

45

88

60

77

7982

8i

ibid.

43>44

4446

4544

ibid.

4

GrapVI

Black currant Grap

33? 34 Black Frontinac Grape

Black Muskadine Grape

Bloody Peach

Blue Fig

Blue 'Terdrigon Plumb

BhJJbm Buds, injurious to prune

Bkedhig-Heart Cherry

Blights

Boggy Lands, how drained

4

h^933y 54 Bordine Peach

Bonum Magnum Plumb

ibid*

"5114

107

118

66

%6

7432

95102

Branches next the Roots ofTrees, perilh

; when too many in Number, by want

of a free Perfpiration

Branchesy their Growth

Their Diftance, that they fhould be

kept from each other, fb as to have

^5

0.0

free Perfp

To. be frefh nailed every Year, and

why

Thofe in a healthy and fruitful State

are preferved by early pruning

Thofe that are weak are ftrengthned

by early pruni

<^4, 66•

66

y

ibib

Thofe that are luxurious are checked

by late pruning

Their Ends, why fome muft be

ibid,

pruned

Why fome are not to be pruned

ibid.

6%

Brick



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^L -"n— -"-r

XlV D X.• 'ij:^t-st .!* l»ALn_

Brick Grape

Brookes Peach

Briixel Apricot

Brtinian Neclorinc

jB//^/i their Nature

Their Number in a Stock

Which are to be difplacedj and when

Burdock Peach

Folio

114

103

130

4J

106

C

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Carjiation Cherry

Catherine Pkimb

Catherim Peach

Canadd Grape

Cermy Perdrigon

Chefton Plumb

CherrieSy Their Soils

How propagated

107

-JII4

ibid.

1

Stones how ordered before and33

F H

at fbwing .

PijJance to be planted at

When ripe

When to be gathered

When to be eaten

Cionsy How to cut

To place on the Stock

Clay^ how generated

To plant therein

Ckiffer Grape

Claret Grape

Cockagee, an Irijh Cyder Apple

Cattims, How to order

r

ibid.

iMd.

38, 3p

' 2

31

114

116

When to plant

For grafting, how chofen

For Inoculation how chofen 40, 1

Whento

be taken from the^

Mother Trees

CurrantsS6

J 24

i)

A'^, the Quantity that falls in aNightDew and Raip^ that fall in a \Digging

Diapre Plumb Yellow

Double Troy Peach

D/'^?^ (/V/- Pllimb

Dutch ElmDtyj//" T'rês how ordered at planting

Duke Cherry

How pruned

12

20

31

;'4

03

^4

47

59

Remarks on the Produdion of

ibid

7

Folio

104 Earth the Kinds

A Principle of Vegetables

The Quantity of Moillure con

tained therein

I

S

Eafi mUM Winds

Bloffom

nuriou§ to Fruits in

7

44

Leaves

Dutch Currant^

ibid.

125

4

EdVly Jdmirable Peach

Efpaliers how planted,

Exhalation

Experiments ,

To prove the Quantity of Moifture

in different Depths ofSoils

To prove the Quantity of Moifture

03

59

74

9

a Day from the

fuperiicial Foot of

II

IJ

.porated in

Surface of

Land, more than falls in Dew at

Night

To prove the Quantity evaporated

in a Day from an Acre

To prove the Reafon of ]?runing the

Heads af Trees it the Time ofplanting

A Second Experiment

To prove the great Fdrce withwhichthe Leaves of Fruit Trees attract

Nourilhment, and pexfpire it away 70A. Second Experiment

t

5B

F J ^

49 Figs, their Soil

33

34

36

^^^ôw propagated

Their Cuttings and Laybe topp'd

2

S3

Their Fruits how produced'^ 72Kinds that ripen in' England

Manner of pruning

When ripe

ees their Growth pyramldical

.and why '

l5ow planted *

Manner of prunirig

Potheringham Plumb

Forefl

3418

18

^9

82

Frofis

Fruit 7i lesj when to be grafted

When to be inoculated

Manner of pruning- at the

Time ofplanting jt

When to head

Diftances to be planted at

FruitSy How preferved from Frofts

47

49

74

37

41

'y 58

60

when in Bloflbm

Half grown>

Stt and

Manner and Seafon of thinning

75, 77, 78

77Manner

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Manner and' Seafon of expofing

them tb the Sun %Yhen fully

grown

Infipid and why8

Horfi-chejiiat

HoImam Duke Cherry

Fol

47

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Time and Manner of gathering

How preferved in the Con'

. . fervatory

'

Fruits ripen fboner or later, according t

S

"Jean-hattve Plumb

84 Imterial PlumBf:

the different Nature of the Soil1.

ibid

White

Black

Grizel

Frontijiac Grap

Imperatrke Plumb

Imrchui^

Tmculation

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5 InfeBs how deftroyed

'Italian êach

*fItalian NeBarinS

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1^Yr/A^ (i/v//e

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40

ibid*

toy

103

113

tI

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00

Gardeners

Their common Method of ordering

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Fruit Trees

Their feveral

pruning

Their errone<

62

2-

Methods ofr'i

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65

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jKernels of Fruits, how ordered before

and at the Time of fowing ,

* Their Sealbn of pcrfeding35

Methods of nailingf

the Branches of Fruit Trees

Their Error in pruning theFig Tree

ibid

7

L•

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Their Error in dif-leaving FruitTrees 7

Gafcoigm Cherry

Qolden NeBariiie

Goojeberries

Kinds

Ordering

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Graftings the Seafc

(?f^/i

Manner

to loam

To unti(

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85

103

ibid*

ibid.

37

37, S^

S7

Land to prepare for plantingLeaves of Fruit Trees

. Their Ufes

i 01

1

Attracting NoUrifhment ,.

Are the main excretory Duds

Increafe in Magnitude proportio

ably to the Growth of their

J 1

ibid

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Fruits<*i

7^,73Preferve the Sap VelTels. from the

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^

Grizel Frontinac Grap^

Grapes

The Soils

How raifed

Where produced

Seaibn for pruning

Manner of pruning

f Diftance of their Branches

Manner ofordering in May

Bleeding Seafon

When ripe

How preferved

Gravel how to plant therein

Green gage Plumb

Inj of Heat and Gold

7 y

\

110

III

33110

III

rllO. 112

When produced, and whyPlaced againft Buds, and why ibid

80

7

r^ r^

\ p .

Strawberry

ibid.

[2,113

III

81

82,83

31

5)4120

To be watered in the Spring,whenthe Seafon is dry

Leaf-buds to be chofen for to prune at

Lime-Tree

LoamJhow generated

London ^lumh

Lukeward Cherry

Lightning

Luxuriancy Stopt

/3

1

S7) >

2

68

47i

86

7430

M1 1^

RedWhite

Hi

Hautboy Strawberry

Hermitage Grape

Heat at two Feet depth

Hemskirk Peachn

Houghing

/ .

Magdalene Peach

MafcuTine Apricot

Maitre Claude Plumb

Matchief Y\\^vi^y White

1 20 Maiacotune \

116 May Cherry

16 Meadiate Apple

loj jW/fe Injurious

31 Mirabk Plumb, White

V ^

100

88

ibid.

107

8i,86

Hi3i

Minion



/

XVI N

Mimon Peach

Moifiwe necelTary for Plants

Railed by the attractive Power

of the Sun-

And by the attradive Force of

Folio

9

II

Vegetablesi

i

14 ibid

Imbibed by Plants af theii; Roots

Imbibed by Plants at theirLq^yea

How raifed

2

Morello Cherry

iôrifco Cherry

^rocco Plumb

Magtile Plumb

^"^ntabon Peach

2^3

L

«

How propagated

Their Diflance of Planting

Their Courfons ,

Leaves, Bloflbms, and Fruits ?

when and where produced y^'Table ofthe beft Mipds '-

Kinds that produce thÎr Fruits

tn CLuiiÊS at the End^ ^t their

Folid

33, 346o

3

9 '.

3

I Shootsy

Blue

rs-tV^ i

?1 &5 îxdrigon Plumbi ^ > White^

A>

Mu^dine Grape

fûjcat Grape

KindsL

How propagated

W hite

511

9S

. 33

^t?;7^ of Plants

Musk

Cerney

1 »

:0

6^, 79

12

i>3

How accounted for

When performed

Manner

Black• 4 ^ -

4Thmh. i fioinfii

23

27

f j-^ i ^t.

^

N

Nailifigy when and how to be(

lêBarim

perfornied

uly

{.p^^

Their Soils

Mow propagated

Diftance of Planting

Manner of pruning

When rip

« ^8, ;>o

V* -n H

('^

1

I -

f - >-f

' ^

I

u-i

\

s-^4

KindsN

êwington Peach

iVo^^ Peach-

Noruh Afjaed

^^rt^wej Afyed:

Smith

OldN

-

Nutmeg V^SLcihW/i

Red1

102, 103

101

'^ 1 04lOI

4^

4J

1 00

^rimof'dm Plumb

Planting ih Pap

In Wetlands

The Sealbn

-»? •' r !

'{*' \

%

4 i.

2,

60

90

S2

48I

Vhid

^/^;?fJ how nourifli'd by Rain,, pew^c, at th eir Roots, Barks, ûcjs, and

Leaves

%'uning

^7

?r>

Leaf-bud/

- V---^ li

^4<J8

V

o

Qr.chardiS the South-fides of Rivers

Knife to be very keen-edged

The bell Seafon

ôrpree Peach

Purple. Jlberge Peach

ûrpk Rasberry

%\\ \

I

t t' 1 V

H <!

<-,.

.

imbibe the- humid Steams

^6

47

04

23

I

Orange ApOrleans Plumb

aded by the Sun>

as they

77 Q.

\

I

91

p'Pnvies^

^y^rz^ Royal Peach

âjs'viokt

ârjley Grape

Reaches their Soil

•9

^y

s

How propagated,

Where produced

1 05)

103

114

2

33, 34

g^wrî'their ôil

Bloflbms. an(} Jêaves when and

in what manner prodi^cec}

§lêef2 Mother Plumb

a.

73

94

tc

Rains their Penetration into the EarthR and Dezythat fall

Ho pnined

Their Goodnefs

Biftance of their Branches

Tables of Kinds

Time and manner ofgatljenQg

When ripe

St. Jeter's Grap

êars their Soil

99

99loo

108

82

82

Raclicks

Raijin Grap

Year

e

Rajb

Kinds

How propagated

Manner of pruning

Reine Claude PlumbRed Magdalene Peach

II

20

28

11^

•122*

ibid,

ifeid.

ibid.

93*oo

Red



/

I'

^-

I

N D X- xvu

Red Currant

Kind Graftifjg

Rickets êach

R^ts to bg. pj^dSrved

Fdl

i

'9 fTo be foiled

ô be pr^rved froiji Frofts, Winds

To hold at the time of pruning

Their manner of pruning

Their outward Coat or Rind

V

Tahk of Peaches

^.o T'abk of Grapes

\o6 T'ahkof Plumbs

54 7abU of Pcars-

60 Table of Apples"

Traps

Ti'enchim

Turkey^ flumb

ricot

ibid

I.

969

Roman Apripot

Royal WVding

Royal <^mmbRozamia êacb

RMt^llion êach

r-V*.

I

^ k35

'I

101

10• S Of

\

uT

^ H

m^û uiij

i^^z^fi^ to, cpvex tJie Wûjids of Tiecs

SfjMwherries""

Manner of Planting

Scc^rkt RasherryS^^ds Germinate

4558

120

ibid

ibid

Dilate

^^dh when and how to trani^l

Sâjbns for planting

Service how railed

S^QOts of Trees that are weak how to beftrengthned

18

a 8

57

33

pith's Newington Peach

Soils the Kinds

Their different Natures

'1 i %

k.

South-Eaft: Wall

Smh'fM Afpea: )

^g

n

Sflice graft

Cold

Dry

Stocks

Stock

How headed

grafting

Seaion ofgraftmg

63

. loi

I

43

44>4i. 45

29

29

38

343&

38,39

iS'/i?(:ib large to be Rind-grafted 40

Standard Fruits their diftanceof planting 6^0

Straining the Roots of Trees at . t^nor

up?

Sterility the Caufe

very prejudicial

V How preventeda Principle of Veget^bl

, in Rain and DewSupcr-coeleftial Apple

Swalze Peach

Sweetwater Grape 3

61

ibid.

59

J47

114

Taf-roots

T"1:>

JolioicS

%¥

k

te/Ap

Tiiteon de Venice Peach

3536

95

ICI

C \

V.I

Vegetables their Principles

Imbibe Rain and DeWVinds their Soil

Viokte PJumb

Vioku hative Peach .

t HI I

"

2»1^ Volatile Salt a^Ptinciple of Yegetable^f*-*

44

104

5

-o ,ib WiJ

ibiti: ^fe/ a Principle of" Vegeral)/e5» « I

ftrIts Evaporation in a Winter's I5ay

Its Evaporation in a Year 173- IVaterings necelTary in hot and dry Seafbns 23

36

5ry5^

57> 53

35

_44

When neceffary

PVall-tre'es how pianted

Manner of pruning

Wallnuts how lailed

m'p^wall

fVhitJour A^^Xe

White 'êrdrigon .P/unxb

White HoUand Piymb

White êar Plumb

White Nutmeg Peach

Whit-e Magdalene Peach

White Sweet-water Graper

White Mujcadipe Grape

White Frontinac Grape

White Fifo-

White Rasberry

Wentworth Plumb

filnter Fruits when to be gathered

^ Mirabik

"JAfatchiefs

Wood Strawberry'

How propagated

141

1 00

lot

113ri4

118

123

P5

White Plumb 9^

12a

121

Y

ToU??g nes require the leaft pruning,

and why

Telhw Diapree Plumb

6%

9S

%Zantoyne Grape 113





I

:*-^ f

i

t

\

i

«%

;^-'

i t

*:. *w

•

-

R

o?T H

"

f-

R N;

^

ST D..

j^

V

*

.t

•* »

;

H P.TT'lA

-aF

Of

f

Ht

1» *T'

*^

^

I J

*

E firft and moft neceflfary Work to be done, before

we begin our Plantations, is, Either to make Choice

of a proper Soil, or prepare fuch as we have, fit for

the Reception of thofe Fruits which we defi

propag:^ IT

ALL the feveral Kinds o»

Sand

the

y Loam 3

Soil

tis

may

my

be reduced to Three, û/^^

Belief, that Sand (only) is

and all others but Compounds : For, as

in his Works of Nature, That Sand being

^ andClay

ure primitive Earthy

Mr. £r^% juftly obferves ^. r ,

moiften d with Water, and worked in the Hand to a Lump, and aherwards

- •

dried in the Sun7

\vill>

when thoroughly driedJ

fall down into a

Heap

\

y

/

/



r

s

2 M N A: Or7

".

Heap of Sand as before 5 but if 'tis moiiften'd in the fame Manner

)anith Oil

become a very

laid in the Sun to dry, it Mîll incorporatey

and

ar Subflance. So, om hence 'tis very probable,

that different Natures, Colours, and Textures of Earths, are alter'd, ac-

cording to the feveral Natures of the various Juices with which they*

are mix'd.m

NOW fteing that Oily Juices will incorporate with Sand, and become

a hard rough Subftance, and that more or lefs m Prop to

Quantity of the Oily Particles contained therein 5 'tis very probable that

from thence it is^ that the feveral Sorts of Clays are generated.

THE feveral Colours of both Sand and Clay, may very probably

proceed from the different Colours of their Juices 3 for Sand moiften'd

with Water has a different Colour from that mix'd with Milk, Oil, (^c.

Experience demonftrates, that Sand mix'd with Clay^ makes a compound

Earth called Loam 5 which differs in its Nature, according to the Pro-

portion contained between each other.^

c

-kF

EQUAL Quantities of Sand and Clay, perfedly mix'd together

makes the beft (and is called a Middling) Loam.

TWOThirds Oay, and one Third Sand,

makes a very ftrong Loamufually called Brick-Earth. Thefe two Kinds of Loams are th very

beft Soils for Apples, Pears, Plumbs, Apticots, and Quinces : The firfl

loweflê Surface, or firfl: Strata 5 and the lafl: for the Bottom, or

StrataI-

*i

L

vTWCi Thirds Sand, and one Third Clay, makes a light Loamufually called Light-Land. Thefe two lafl are the befl Soils for Cherries

the firfl Strata

>

Peaches, Figs, Vor Surfac

&c. this lafl Compofit

fy

and the preceding the Bottom or next lower Stratai*f

VINES delight in rich warm Soils, and therefore the Sand ought to

be in greater Proportion then the preceding.

THE



. '

w^f^

.4

I'he Fru I G A R » EN Illufirated.

.4

^rj>

THE Depth of thefe tw iSVratas ken needs never e

moie than two Feet, {viz.) The fiift iS^r^? I, or Surface, i6 Inches, and

Bottom, or next lowefl: Stratay 8 Inches : For whatever Nourifli-

mcnt IS imbibe bcl

L

ow this Depth, is crude and undigelled

or wane of Heat t therefore whenever Fruit Trees are fuffer'd to

ftrike their Tap-Roots fo very deep, they immediately become luxurious— n

and their Fruits infipid, by the over and above Crudity of the Sap im-

bibed frornt bclow.

IT has been (:he Pradice of many eminent Gardeners, to make theit

Borders for Fruit Trees full three Feet deep 3 and Mr. Wife and Mr.

London, nay, and even Mr. Carpenter alfo, recommends the making o

Earth full three Feet deep, in their Frmich Tranflation of the Retired

Gardiener}without confiderin the different Degrees of Heat in the

Earth, from i to3

^ Inches deep.

THE Reverend and Learned Mr. HaleSy in his FegetgNe Statlch,

'tis 27 Degrees colder than. 64. has proved. That at two Feet Depth,

on the Surface, and confeqiiently the deeper we go afterwards, the more

cold

.

er an crude is the Nourifliment.

I F we are fo happy as to have the Liberty o making our own

Choice of a Soilfor Pi

)

has not

of

difturbed the

I advife that it

be Land whicl

Spade or Plough within -

or 60 Years, and continually fed with Cattle Th it be ai*

kind, moderate, fandy Loam, of two Spits in Depth, its Bottom incli

able to a Brick-Earth, with a moderate Reel towards the SouthJ

South declining Eaft about 20 Degrees 5 and the Spring7

about teni

twelve, &c, Feec below the Surfi

^

\

TO make Choice of Soils, by their Smells, Taftes, ^c* as Mr. Wife

agrees toJ

in Treatife aforefaidy

is difficult>

notwith

andin that their Steams, or Tafles, may be difagreeable to our Pa

Jyet 'tis vcry probable that they may be agreeable to Pla

Iwhen

Nature has prepared them fit for their NouriHim Befides 'tis not

Powers to determine the Nature of Soils by Smell or Tafte 1 be

fe that all Soils contain a great Variety of J >fome neceffary for

the

I /



i

. t

O M N A: Or7

the Support of one Kind of Plants,' others for other Kinds, wliich Na-

ture can diftinguifli and make proper Choice of5 but we cannot 5 for

when we fmell or tafte/tis all the Juices mixt together. Extream Droughty

and Clay,

J

extream Wet, caufes Barrennefs in all Kinds of Soils Sand.

moderately moiftened^ w prod

r

divers V^getabl well Timber

Fruit-Trees: The Englifh Elm, Cherry, Peach, &c. will grow

moifl: Sand, and the Oak Pear, Appl &.m

in a ftrong Clay

*.

BUT when thefe Trees are planted in a moderate moift Loam, th

Gi-owth are much

ery other Pi

g in the fame Time : and the like of almoft

the Garden. Therefore when N has not

well prepared our Soil, as the Natures of Trees

end to make good fuch Defeds by Art

require, we mu

t

LANDS th

Mud of R->Ponds,

very light and fandy, are beft manured with Clay

&c, and thofe that are clayey, ftifF wet, c^,

with Sand, Sea-coal-aflies, Street-dirt, and Horfe-dung, well mixt together.

Pigeon*s-dung is alfo a good Manure for cold Lands^ being ufed with

Difcretion.

ALL Kinds of Loams, require lefs Help than either Sands or Clays5

therefore drive Nature beyond its Strength. The beftut we muft

Compoft for Manuring a good moderate Loam, is Horfe-dunômpoit ror ivianuring a gooa moaerate Loam, is Horie-dung, Cowdung, and a fmall Qtiantity of Sea- coal -afhes, well mixt with the uppermoft of a frefli Meadow, in a Lefta

Jfor Six. Month before

Rotten Leaves and the Bottom of Wood-piles, are alfo good Manures

for ft

mLoams

ALL Kinds of Soils are greatly improved by early Ridging, for light

tfêreby capable of receiving the wholeBene

and fandy Lands are made

fits of Rains, Snow,& : that fall in the Winter, and clayey ftrong Landsare made melloiv, and fit for the Reception of Seed and Plant

Spring And Loams ing y

s in the

are not only meliorated and fweetned

&^ butby having their Crudities exhaled away by the Sun, Windenabled to imbibe freely the great Benefits of Moifture, throuahout thewhol Winter, as well

e Sunwiiuic yvmer, as well as the genial Heat of the Sun, in t

which are the very Life and Support of thofe Vegetables that we

to propag

Spring;

defire

T

t

CHAP.



y

I1

f

^

*

I

The Fr u I T-G A R D EN lUufirated.

\

'4•

».

n

H

rthe Principles VEGETABLES.

is well known to Chymifts that Vegetables are compofed of

Five Principles, îz. Sulphur, Volatile Salt, Water, Air, and

Earth, and fince that their Nourifliment is in greateft Part com-

municated to them at their Roots, "'tis very reafonable to believe, that

when the Earth is capable of nourifliing and fupporting the Growth of

Plants, ilie is then furniflhed with fufficient Quantities of the firft Fouc

Principles, namely, Sulphur, Volatile Salt>Water, and Air.

«

r

W1 ^

BY the preceding Chapter it appears, that the more or lefs Quantity

of oily Juices Earths are mixed with, fo are th^y more or lefs capable

of receiving Water, Air, &c. For Sand and Loams, wi 1mbibe

Water, with muck

For the Firft having little or no oily Partic

than- Clay and very ftrong Loam5.

Juices, a

mit o a free Entrance 3 but the Clay and (Irong Loams, having great

Quantities thereof, refill the Water's free Paffage therein. j^

.

(

NOW, as Earths are differently ftored with thefe oily Particles,^.To are

they more or lefs farniflied with each of the aforefaid Principles : Which

feems to be a wife Order of Nature. For as Vegetables are differently

compofed of their Principles, fo are the feveral Kinds of Earths furnifiied

therewith, whereby Nature has adapted every Plant to Its proper Soil,

wherein 'twill rive beft.

/

,

"

SUPPOSE an Oak to be compofed of equal Principles, viz. one

Fifth o Volatile Salt)

Fifth of Sulphur, one Fifth of Water, one

Fifth of Air, and Fifth of Earth3

C THEN

J



M N A: Or,

I

THEN the NourifTiment truly natural to the Oak, is of each an

equal Quantity : But when thefe Principles are unequally mixt, be it more or

lels, in any other Soil, and the Oak is ti

will be retarded proportionably 5 becaufi

fplanced erein e Growth

qual Mixture of the

feveral Principles are difproportionable to thofe of which the Oak is com-

pofed.

HENCE it is that Alders, Willow;

great Quantities of Water in them

Popl & which hav

9

And contrarily, the Oak, Beech, Cherry, Peach

very wet Lands, where the Quantity of Water

thrive in hot and dry Land}

&^ cannot thrive

great a Qi

ty for their Support, which rather difunites their Principles, thanVupports

them Therefore to be certain f adapting every Plant to its proper

Soil, we muft firil examine the exacfl Quantities of each Principle that's

'd in every Plant we would propagate, as alfo in the Soils we in-

tend to cultivat:. And then, if we plant our feveral Soils with fuch Ve-

getables whofe Principles are found to be equal, or nearly eqiial to thofe

of the Soils

tainty •

may affure our felves of Succefs. and work with Cer

whereas what has been hitherto well done by every one in Plant

ing and Gardening, has been by mere Chance only

S T

I

TIS true, that thefe Inquiries into Vegetable Nature are

beyondReacK of otdinary Capthe

3

nd require abundance of Accuracy, Judg-may hinder many from making Refearches

but were fuch a Work judicioufly compleated, ^twould render the

ment, and Time

therein

which

Practice of Gardening certain and fuccefsfi

IT with no fmall Concery

I

that the great Hurry of Bufinefs andWant of Time, have prevented the compleating ofthefe fo-much wanted

which I lliould gladly have obliged the World with at thExpInftant, fince they are the very Bafis and LifeVplanting'and GardeningBut if Life permits, I fliall very fpeedily accomplifli them

e greatefl: Accuracy and Jufinefs will be

which with

communicated, that everyLover of Planting and Gardening, may have a true Underftanding ofthe

lahues, and thereby be always certain of

feveral different Natures

defired Succefs

dQi

CHAP,



«r

The Fru I T-G AR D EN1

lUufirated.

-

w

I

H III.

Of the Moifture contained in the Earth, for the ProduHion

and Support of Plants.

Light

- -

imperfed when deprived of any one of the feve

ral Colours, of which 'tis compofed^ which the Prifm exhibits

fo likewife Vegetables imperfed, wh7

Principles is wanting. And 'tis very probabl

Principle; WATERSulphur, are j

any o their

y

that th

when that moft neceffary

Ifo wanting

.vantmg, that the Principles of Volatile Salt, and

For

d in Water, rather than in Earth

more reafonable to believe that they

«

THIS

Vegetables

leaft Afliftance of Earth

thrive wi

great meafure proved by Nature, who produces feveral

Spear-mint, and many other aquatick Plants, without the

nay

GarJenei

feem to a(I(

ere are many Vegetables that live and

the Humidity of Air onlyT^BuTmrTntdTurs of the Retk'd

?Mr. London, Mr, Wife^ and Mr. Carpenter do in

the contrary where the Frenchman fay

agree to it, " Ton mil allow, with allthe World, that Heat

general

they

u

a

u

Moijiure are the two Principles that give Life to Vegetables

the Reafon of

3an

Is is, That there is

which animates and fets it upon A6t>

a Kind of Salt in the Earth>

•

(C

((

a

cc

" NOW this Salt can have no Influence unlefs it he diffohed, for

whilfi it is, as it were^ fetter d to the Earthy and fer'ves to compofe

the fame Mafs with it, it's uncapahle of

a new Production ; lut when the Water has

Qi

U

neceffary to

Salty and

mingled it with the Parts of the Earth, the Parts thus anmated^

feparate and communicate themfehes to the Root of the Plants that

their Nourifhment from them»

/ CAN'T

I t



O M N A: Or.>

?S ••

•^m^

.^

CAN'T lee wherein the Philofophy of thefe Gentlemen confifts.

the Sale of Vegetables is volatile, ' and not a

therefore has no occafion of a DiflTolution to prepare its Parts

rofs Body, and

for the

Nouridiment of Plants.^

t \

the

AND again, if this vegetative Salt were contained in the Earth, why

ace ofin very hot and dry Seafons, when no Rains tall in

fix or feven Weeks^ and the Earth becomes fo dry as tobe unfit for Veg

tation, e thereof mu periflh Becaufe that the Dews (tho

perhaps very great) are of themfelves incapable of penetrating the Earth

deep enough to diflblve the Salt therein contained5 which they fay muft

be diffolved, before it can do any Thing neceflary to a new Produdion.

But e contrary feen that Pi do

make new Produ(5l

perifhj but oftent

in o

Proof that nutritive Sa

very dry Seafons^ which is a convincing

muft e tained Dews which

are then their chief Support,and not in the dry Earth, which is then

rendered nearly incapable of Adion

/"

I F thefe Gentlemen had made Experiments of their owri, and ftrid

Refearches into the wonderful Operations of Nature, they might have dif-

cover'd many of her furprizing Ways of working.

r

THEY might have feen what Prep

Buds, and Barks of Vegetables, to imbibe Nourifhmentfi

when their Roots are pable of communicatin

made in the Leaves

om Dews

>

^

perfpire it away when plentifully fupplied therewith

any, as w as to

1mbibed Trees, <^c, at their Roots

For all the Moifture

making of Sap

;IS not

J

lieved

forming new Buds, Branches, &wholly implov'd in

(But this I fhall fully handl

as IS generally e

Ai hathnown the great Power th

how it fl:rongly attrads when in a fix'd State

State :

Place)—They would alfo ha\

Vegetabfesrowth oy

iirongiy attracts when in a hx'd State, and repels in an el

How it helps to diftend their tender dudileParts, and invig

aftick

Sap : And how?

Its mixing with the other Principl theythereby affimulated into the Nourifhment of the feveral Parts of the Ve-getable, whereby its Growth is carried on to the greateft Maturity ; Howthe Growth of Vegetables is performed

Adion and Re-adion of their Principl

r»fi

?and that

>ite Combination;

the volatile Salt

and\

1

I-

s



'

The Fruit-Garden lUufirated.

\

and Sulphurous Particles of Vegetables, are contained in Rains and Dews

and not a Part of the Earth, as they imagin*di

>

BUT pardon me for this long Digreffion^ and I will proceed to the

Subje(5l in Hand.

THE Quantity o Moifture effary for e Supp of Piants>

fhould be in Proportion to their feveral Natures 5 for fome del I in

&.uch, and others in lefs,

different Depths, furnifli'd the Surface of th

therefore Natu ably at

Earth with fuch Quantities

^re neceffary to fupport their feveral Natures

AND *tis obfervable, that thofe Plants whole Nature rec|uire but

little Moifture, are fliallow jooted 5 but thofe that delight in much, ex

tend their Roots to greater Depths.

1

'

HAVE made d periments_, in great Variety df Soils, to

difcover the Quantity of Moiftu

Support of Pla

that Nat had ovided or the

in Seafc an find, that the greateft Quantity

always contained in the fecond Foot below the Surf

tindeniable Direction for the Depths of Soils.

3which

AND^the Reverend Mr. Hales has alfo proved the fame, in his

Vegetable Statlchy 5' m t anncr following :

the Ye 714 he dug up a CubicleON the laft Day of July, in

poot of Earth from the Surface of an Alley in his Garden 5 and putting

it into a Cubical Veffel, whofe Weight was before known, he weighed

it and found its Weight equal to 1 04 Pounds one Fourth, Averdupoh.

THIS done, he dug up a fecond Cubical Foot of Earth from the

Bottom of the firft, whofe Weight was I 06 Pounds fix Ounces : And}

laftly. a third Cubical Foot from the Bottom of the fecond, which

weighed 1 1 Pounds + one Third.

THESE three Feet in Depth were a good Brick-Earth3but below

them a Gravel of two Feet depth, under which the Springs did then

run

weigghcd^

*

i



'

4

A /

I

•

lO O M N

^f^

^^m^

Or9

/

I wejVlied a Cubical Foot of Rain Water3

F

and found its Weight to

very little more halfbe nearly 50 Pounds AiHerdupohy which is

the fpecifick Gravity of Earth : But Spring-water is oftentimes fomething

the Earth or Mineral from

^

heavier, according to the different Nature o

which it fpring

AFTER thefe three feveral Cubicle Feet of Earth were weighed, they

were laid in, that their Moifture might

twas found, that when

be the fooner exhaled 5 and

firft Cubick Foot was become fo dry and

dufty as to be unfit for Vcg>

it had loft fix Pounds + eleven

Ounces of Water, which is near one Eight Part of its firft Bulk

', *L r

THE fecond Cubick Foot being not fo dry when the firft was weighed,

was left fome Days longer, and being then weighed, had loft ten Pounds

of its Weight. ,

THE third Cubick Foot being very dry, had loft eight Pounds + eight

Ounces, 121%^ one Seventh Part of its firft Bulk.

FROM thefe Experiments it appears, That the fecond Cubick Foot

decreafed in Weight the moft, (but indeed 'twas fome fmall Matter dryer

than either the firft or third) and confequenrly contained as much or moreJ

Moifture than that next below it. And 'tis obferveable, that the Roots

of moft Plants that are of a large and quick Growth, poffefs that

Depth, probably, becaufc in that Depth the Juices are meliorated and

made fitter for the Nourifliment of Plants, than thofe that are deeper

which, for want of the genial Heat of the Sun (being crude and un

prepared) are unfit for the Support of Vegetables.

>

BUT notwithftanding that Moifture in the next lower

yet 'tistrata s is not fo well prepared for the Nourifhment of Plants

abfolutely neceffary that it fliould be there in Store, to fucceed that

which is imbibed and perfpired away by Plants^ as they advancein Growth :

For if there was not a Succeffion of Moifture conftantly afcending,

'twould be impoffible for Plants to live in very dry Seafons 5 which will

appear when I come to demonftratc the (Quantities of Moifture imbibed

and perfpired by Plants.

^ AND



rf

\

The R U I T G A R. D E N Illujirated. II

* _

AND it is from thefe Supplies of Moifture, that deep Soils fupport

their Plants in very dry Seafons, when thofe on fliallow dry-bottom'd

Lands perifh : For tho' the Moifture of thefe deep Stratas is not fit for

the Nourifliment of Plants, when veryr+

eep, yet as it alcends an

comes nearer to the Surface, 'tis better prepared, and at length made fie

for their Reception.

f

\

i

THE Moifture

d by the attradive Pow

d in the lower Strata

the Sun, as we

IS, in lome mea>

as th imbibing

Force of Vegetables 5 which laft is undoubtedly much ftronger

e

have

Tree

firft, becaufe thofe Countries which greatly abound with Woods

planted : For the Roots o

»

gRai thofi are

having a very imbibing Force o up nd imbibe

great Quantities of Moifture, which they are continually perfpiring away

their L'

thereby furnifli the Atmofpl>

tities of Water, which unplanted Lands cannot d

with Q

TIS obfervable that Rains will freely penetrate the Earth Two Feet

deep, but feldom freely deep

not only the Rain Water

7therefore at that Depth there is contained

w

as 'tis

at the Spring Water alfo, in fuch Quantity

raifed by the Two attractive Powers aforefaid :Which Depth Na

feems wifely to-h !inoien not ly that the genial Heat of the

Sun can there prepare the crude rancid MoiftuTe fit for the Nourifliment

of Vegetables, but the fcorching Rays of the Sun, and drying Winds,

cannotprefently exhale away the neceflaryMoifture, fo as to deprive Plants

of their Support.

\

r

IF any doubt the Afcenfion of MoiftD

let them read Mr. Hales %

Vegetable Statkhy Pag. 54 and 55Having thus explained the Man

of Nature's fupplying Plants with Moifture in hot and dry SeafonJ

the loweft Strata s of the Earth5

perhaps it mayn't be amifs if Ifrom

r

fliould fpeak a Word or

freOiing to Plants in dry and hot Seafo

tw in relation to Dews, which arc very re

.1^

by Mr. Hales {vide his Statlch

Pans which were three

BY an Experiment made Jugujl 1 5.

Pag. 5J.)^^ appears, that two glazed Earthe

Inches deep, and twelve Inches Diameter in Surface, fiU'd with pretty

moift

^'

14



. i. f

-•

r4

M

12 M A: Or?

moin: Earth: increafcd in Weight by one Night's Dew. 180 Grains, andJ

the next Day decreafed Ounce 4- iSi Grains. And that nothing

Accuracy of this curious and ufefulmight add to, or fubtrad from, the

Experiment, Mr. Hales placed thofe two Pans, in two other broader Pans,

I

prevent any Moifture flicking to their Bottoms r

Jwhich mi make

the Quantity of Dew fallen, feem to be greater than it adually was

AND 'twas found that a greater Quantity of Dew fell on that Earth

which was moft moi5than on that which was drier, and more than a

double Quantity on Water, than an equal Surface of moift Earth. For

the Particles of Dew and Water being Homogeneous, do attract each other

with a much greater Force, than Earth and 2)e'W do, that are Hetero-

geneous.

<c

iC

cc THE Evaporation ofa Surface of Water in a Winter^s Day of nine

an Inch, of Ice fet in the Shade for the fame Space ofours, is

time n of an Inch.

NOW if from the above Quantity evaporated y6i Grains, which

are equal to I Ounce 282 GrainsJ

You fubtrad the Dew receiv'd in one Night

The Difference is

180

Jg2

;

V

This Difference of 5 8 1 Grains is the extraordinary Quantity evaporated

from a Circular Area of Earth of one Foot Diameter every 24 Hours in

the Summer, more than falls in Dew in the Night. Which in 2 1 Days

is near i6 Ounces.

ForT

Multiply'd by

The Produft is

582

21

582

11(^4

)

the Quantity daily evaporated

the Number of Days 1

y

\

12 2 22 Grains.

And

f





J

H M O N Or,

EXAMPLE. \

The Diameter

Multiplyed by

12

12

Inches.

r-

\

The firft

Produa is

Which multiply by

24

12

441

The 2d Produd

which divide by

i

^

'44

144

14-

018

H

044

4*

•

i ^^

1 4) I J 84(11 3 I The Quotient, which is the Num-

ber of Iquare Inches in the Area

I

or Circle, whofe Diameter was

one Foot, or twelve Inches.

qual to Seventh

THE fecond Work

02 remains^ which is equal to tI of the Divifori

t

)to find the Number offquare Inches in a fq

Foot: Which is known by multiplying twelve Inches the one Side of the

J

qual to

by twelve, another Side of the Square, and the Produd wiUbe

Foot

44; which is the Number of fquare Inches contained in a

EXAM9LE.



\

The Fruit-Garden lUufirated. '5

Multiply'd by

X A M<P11

12

Inches

one o

Side of a Scjuare Foot

other Sides.

24

120 \

The Produd 144 Which are the Square Inches in a Square

Foot as required.

THE third Work is to find the Number of Square Feet in a Square

which are alfo found by multiplying 1 6 Feet andole, or Perch,od,

a half, (the Number of Feet contained in a- Rod in Length) by the

fame, and their Product is the Number of Square Feet required.

The Produa

X M'P E.

Feet:

16

16

96

o

t7%

Inches.

06

06

00

00

00

o' ^

o Which are the Square Feet con-

tained in one Square Rod as

required.

dR^^

AND as an Acre of Land contains 1 60 Poles

culation may be made for any Quantity required.

ior Rods, the Cal

I

AS for Example>

A SQUARE Pole (whofe Sides are feverally equal to \6 Feet

contains 39204 Square Inches, which being divided by 1 13, the Area of

the Circular Foot, omitting the Fradion, the Quotient is ^^6 \^1

a,AND,

I



• *-

'^ *

I;

%

i<5

^

M N Or>

AND, has been proved, that in i \ Day 6 Ounces were

evaporated from one Circular Foot^ therefore multiply 3 46 (the Number

o Circular Feet in one Square Rod) (the Quantity evaporated\

from the Surface of a Circular Foot in 2 1 Days) and the Produa will

be 895x5, which is very near the Quantity of Ounces that are evaporated

from the Surface of one Rod 21 Day

IF Spjxi be divided

1

\6^ (the Ounces in a Pound J'verdupoh)

the Quotient will be 5 6 2 1 , the Quantity of Pounds Weight evaporated.

V

- F

1 I

«

IF we admit, that one Pound of Water is equal to one Pint, we may

eafily reduce the 562 ^ Pounds into Gallons : For 5(^2 being divided

the>

the Number of Pints in a Gallon3the Quotient is 26 |f,

Quantity of Gallons evaporated from one Square Rod in 2 1 Days.

NOW ly the Rule of Proportion :

\J

11^1

IF, in 21 Days_, 8996 Ounces be evaporated from one Square Rod

what Quantity is evaporated from the fame Surface in 1 1 Days >

7

ANSWER. 428 Ounces, equal to 2<J Pounds iz Ounces, equal

to three Gallons^ one Quarf, and clucc Quarterns

N. B. IF the judicious Gardener does 'weJl conjider thh, he twill

le eaftly led into the Reafons of ivatering Plants in dry Seafons.

NOW, feeing that we have obtained the daily Evaporation of

Rod. I will proceed to a further Enquiry, n)iz. WhMoifture is evaporated in the- Space of a whole Summer

Quantity of

the 1 5th of May, and end at the i jth of 05ioh

3which I begin at

icontaining

1 54 Day

Br the Rule Proportion :

' IF, from the Surface of one Rod, 428 Ounces are evaporated

Day, what Quantity will be evaporated from the fame Surface

Days ? %i

one

154

% ANSWER

i<



The Fr u it-G ard e N" Illufirated,

-•T'^

- -

ANSWER.J14 Gallons,

65912 Ounces, equal to 41 19 Pounds | >c

SmPiinc, equal to 14 Barrels, 10 Gallons

qual to•

JPint.

• — m--^ a^ «!#

NOW to n

t —

e Quantity of Moifture evaporated from one Acre,

in the fame Time, proceed by the fame Rule 3 %îz.1*

IF from the Surface of one Rod, 65912 Ounces are evaporated in

1

^ T

54 Days, what Quantity will be evaporated from the Surface of an

Acre (viz. 1 60 Rods) in the fame Time ?

ANSWER. 1 6 J4 59 20 Ounces, equal

to 82390 Gallons, equal to 2^16 Barrels, 14 Gallons.

to ^J9i 20 Pounds, equal

i

\

\

NOW, as have

4

this Calculation, let us proceed a little

Further, and enquire what Depth of Water is evaporated from the Sur-

face of the Earth every Day, whereby fome Proof may be given foe

the preceding Calculation. - .»

J t

i

NIC. Crugmus {as Mr. Hales obferves, p. 55.) N^ 581. of the

(C

C(

'PhiloJbphkaJ Tranfa6iionSy found that 2 8 Inches Depth evaporated in

a whole Year from Water. /. e. tt of an Inch each Day, at a me^niC

u

cc

Rate 3 but the Earth, in a

Inch 5 fo the Evaporation of a Surface of Water is to th/

of a Surface of Earth in Summer, as ten is to three.

Summer's Day, evaporated^^J- Part of an

• r

e Evaporationi

I

4

j

reOR fince that ^l of an Inch is evaporated daily from Water, 'the

fore, in twelve Days, there will be one entire Inch in Depth evapoiâtcdj

and confequently in 144 Days, (which is much about the Length of a

Summer) one entire Foot in Depth, .provi<led that Rains were not, or

do not fall in that Time, From this we may eafily account for the

Wafte of Water in ftagnant Fiflhponds, Canals, &4:."^

- L

*' n

}

BUT fince that the Earth doth evaporate but ^ of an Inch in a Day,

therefore one entire Inch in Depth cannot be evaporated under 40 Days.

AND as the firft Cubical Foot of Earth, in the preceding Exp

ment3

had wafted ?4 Cubick Inches of Water, which der'd the

Earth





r

"^

^he F R u I T-G A R D^ N. Illujlrated. rp

NOW divide '54 J by 4, the Quarts In a Gallon 31.JL-

I

4)545(1 J (5 f the Number of Gallonsi

4'-I

* ItJ

*'w-

i«iA.

15

r

I ILemainaer, equal to oik Quart

NOW fay, If in 40 Days ij6 Gallons are evaporated from the

Surface of one Rod, how many are evaporated in 154 Days ?

ANSWER. 51 j I, which will appear by mtilti|)lying ij4 by 1565

and dividing thek Produd: by 40^the Quotient will be.ji}

},as

aforefaid. See the Operation. ^ \ ,^

_

THE Proportion is thiIS5

40 : 1^6 :, : 154 : 523 5that is

> -a,.f

As 40 is to i3<^, ici_k_i54 to 523 : Therefore place your Numbers

as following :.

—

40 : 136 : : 154 : ^13

136

(Tf

014

k\ 4

462

'54

^ r ^

The Produd. which divide by 40)20944(5x3 I-

2CO • •

1

94

80f

144

120»

24 Remainer, equal to ||, or,

" or -rf, ot 1.

tl

NOW,

<^

N

V

-

*^



\

20% M N Or

?

*

NOW, if we compare this Quantity thus obtain^, with the other

before obtain'd, wc fliall find their Differenee to be inconfiderable :

I

The Gallons before found to evaporate from one Rod in 1 54Days, were

The Gallons now found at

Days - -

40 of an Inch per 2)iem for 154

1

The Difference is

5H

5^?

Therefore the Evaporation of Earth is nearly ^ of an Inch in a Day,

as before laid. ^.E. 2).

<c

iC

cc

ACCORDING to the Experiments of the Reverend and Learned

" That the Quantity of Rain and Dew,r. HaJeSj p, J

6. it appears

which falls in a Year, is at aMedi 11 Inches ^

V V

cc THE Quantity of the Earths Evaporation in arYearr

9 +

mer'

, is, at leaft.

Inches, fince that is the Rate at which it evaporates in a Sum-I

Day

ic

i a

FROM which p -f i Inches;- are to be deduced 5. ?p In

ating De

hes for

remains 6. Which 2 Jnchc

from the Quantity of Rain which fell

dedu(5leds in a

<(lead 6 Inches Depth

-^Year, there remains at

:>

u\

plenifli the Earth with Moifture fit for

t>'^ d to fupply the Springs and Rivers

TH IS

16

Inches Depth of Water, with which the Earth is replenift'd

be ,all evaporated in the Spac(\

and Springs and Rivers fupplied, would

of 6^0 Day is but

I

Year

and three Days, were the Earth tî fo long without Rainswould the whole World be deftroy-d. wer. «,. „.. .„ .

s

World be deftroya^ were

continual circulating Bleffings of -Rain and Dewappears by the following Calculation

:

nineMonths, three Week

So eafily

we not to receive thofe

The Truth of which

IT has already been proved,"that aa Inch Depth of Water israttd in

for Support of Springs, c^,. by 40

therefore tnuitiply ,

6, the Inches

> e NumberDepth o

evapor

Water

o Da that one

Inch



t >

1

I

)

The Fruit-Garden lUuftratel

\

Inch evaporating, and the Produd be 6± Day

divided by 7, the Days in a Week, the Quotient will be

wl 1 being

equal to one Year, nine Months.

T Weeks

three Weeks^ and three Day

i

The Days that one Inch deep Is evaporating away, are

The mean Depth of Water in the Earth for

40

the Supp c>

Rivers, Springs, Plants^ &.

•

w

The Produ(5t :

Whichdivide

byto one Year, nine Months^ and three Weeks.

Inch

46

4

7)640(9 1 Weeks,cqual

16

7

2f

/

Days remain*

>Now, whilft that \6 Inches deep arc evaporating from the Earth

there will be at the fame time, foiir Feet, five Inches, | Depth of Water

evaporated from Seas and Rivers $ for (as before) it was fhewn, that

Inch Depth of Water was evaporated in 1 2 Day>

f( we

divide 640, (the Number of Day

rating out of the Eartli>^hî_4 2^ (the Day

om the Surface of the Water)

Inches of Water is evapo

It one Inch is evaporating

c U Tj which

the Depth of Water that would be evaporated in 640 Day

t a)^4o(J 3 i Inches Depth

60

40

- -

Remains, equal to ^.

A

W E having gone ro' fuch Parts that' have inform us ow to

account for the Quantity of Water that is daily evaporated by the Sun,

&c. we lliould now take fome Notice of the Quantity of Moifture that

is imbibed from the Earth, by the Roots, and perfpired away thro' the

Leaves of Plant?.

FOR

/



* >

.

22M N A: Or

7

P

f -

FOR thereby we fliall be able to determine whatMoifture is fuffi

for the Support of every Vegetable committed Care behold

the great Beauties contained in their different Natures and Conft

THE Experiment mad*'

Vegetable Stattch) will g

Mr, Hales on the Sun-Flower

a yery great Help herein ;

3

was th

obferv'd, That the Space of Ground that its Roots occupied, evaporated

fomething more than ten Pounds, and two Ounces, in the Space of i x

a

Days, and th Plant imbibed at the fame time Pounds3

therefore th

Quantity evaporated an

occupied about four u

imbibed wasr -

bical Feet of G

V

19 Pound

;

: And

Moift

as

ure w

e Roots

ailed

Evap and Perfp was more Earth wôuld have I

porated (had no Sun-Flower been planted in it) in the Space of \ oo /

Days and upwards. For as we allow Pound of Water to a

Pint>

e3 9 Pounds are

3 9 Pints 5 and fince that one Pint contains

Cubical Inches, therefore 39 contains 1404

f

39F

*— J

'

«»«

2 34

117

Frodud: 1404 the Number of Cubical Inches

of Moifture wafted from four Cubical Feet 21 Day

AND fince that the Surface or Superficial Content of four Square Feet

(the Surface of four Cubical Feet) is equal to 57 (i Inches 5 therefore divide

which isqual to

18^404, by 576, and the Quotient will be 2 |||

fomething more than 2 Inches | in Depth, which requires more than

1 00 Days for its Evaporation.\

V...

Multiply'd by

44 the Inches in the upper Surface of i Cubical Foot

the Number of Cubical Feet

The Product is 57^. By which divide 1404

57^5)1404(2 jf The Depth on four* Cubical Feet5

1152*-K^

35^ Remainder, equal to H when reduced.

NOW

V



•

^

The H U I T Ga R.D E N Illufirated. 2

KOW feeing that the Sun-Flower imbibed the Moifture with very ncai

three times the Velocity that the Sun evaporated it^ viz. as lo is to 2p »

which is very near as one is to three •

vety dry Seafons, we fliould allow four times th

when we water the Sun-Fl

porated by tl Sun. which befo was

Red5

njtz- Pints which is e

provedj

qual to

to

Moift

be

lire IS cva

near 27 Pints

Gallons

r

2)iem

rÂnd

Powers of Perfp

like of all other Vegetables^ in Prop to their different

I F all the beft Kinds of truits were planted in Pots, and covcr'd*

with Lead, as in the Experiment of die Sun-Flower, we might very

eafily Icnow theit different Powers of imbibing and perfpiring : But then

Care mufl be taken to proportion the Magnitude of the vera>

^s near equal as can be. and to make the Weights o

Plants

the feveral Pots

and Earth equal 5 that by giving each Plant an equal Quantity of Waref

we may every Evening fee the Qiiantities perfpired^

their Weights.

y

the Difference of

I TO be very accurate in thefe Experiments, 'tis neceflary to make

Experiments on

Growth, that we might difi

one5

two

with

>thr four

>Years

what diff(

ve, &c.

Force they im

bibe and perfpir

And when we '<

d their Sap-Veffels hardeny adv^rtTccNel-in^

thus inform'd of the different Powers of Pcrfp>

may, by comparin

L

their Magnitudes with the Magnitudes of other

Plants, know their Perfpirations alfo

AND fmceL

different as the

the Perfpiration of Pla wi be found to b

Deg Heat and Cold 3 'twould be well worth

while place Thermom again our PI to know what De

rees o Heat caufed fuch and fuch Perfp And gainfl thofe

feveral Degrees were placed the Perfpirations of thofe Plants, w

atall times afterwards behold and account for thofe very great an

m

won

derful Op

well

tions of Nature

DireAory alfo,

7which wi

v^

be a continual Entertainment

when and how we are to reliev

i

our Plants and Fruits, in hot and dry Seafo

y^^

2 BUT

^



24

I

M A: Or?

BUT as Experiments o th Naturbe Lin in

an

willio

bferv'd thro'ouc a whole Summer, I therefore d

to begin this Work the .next Spring, an

Spring

(Go

thro out the whole Summer : after which I will communicate

the

continue it

my

ereon, for the^Pleafu an Improvement of thofe thObfervations

delicrht, and are concern d in thofe innocent Amufements of Planting

and Gardening.

m

n

IV.

*

Of the Manner that Nature fupports Plants with^ 10.-^

Moifture, and its Effects on the Growth oj Trees.

LANTS 'are fupporte^ with Moifture

Springs, &c, which

.

3Rains

yDews

)

receive at their Bark, BudSj and

Leaves, as well as at their Roots

*.^

IN warm and dry, or hot dry Day5they receive Iheir Nou

\

rifhment at their Roots only, becaufe that then they are in a perfbiring

State, and therefore muft be fupported at their Roots only j for Trees

&pen A

3

&c

bibe and perfpire at their Lea?

the fame time : But in an Evening, when the Heat of the Day

im-hen they are changed from their perfpiring to a ftrongly

imbibing plentifully the Dew and Rain, when any happibing State

at their Leaves and Bark

en)

Jas well as Moifture of the Earth at their

Roots.

/

IF difpute or doubt the Perfpiration of Plants, let them read

Mr. Hakss Vegetahle Stat'ich, which, in fad, fliould be read and well

every one that would underftand the Reafons of theirderftood

feveral Opetations in Gardening

2 IN

%f



^.

JtV .alfqi>»<H^>l» i .-

The Fru it-Garden IHuJirated."~V ^ ^ i £

25

in

but

IN cool or wet Days, the' Perfpiration of Plants is not

they have no Perlpnd hot Days 5 nay, very

great, as

>

bibing State, efpecially in warm wet Weather

AND when cold wet Weather continues a long while, Trees become

faturated with Moifture 5 and then it is that their Sap is full of Crudities,

for want of a drying Air to perfpire it away, which renders their Fruits

immature, with infipid Taftes

THIS is manifefted when wet and cold Summers

even for this only Reafon^ ^tis abfolutely neceflary.herefore.

Branches of Trees fhould be kcp

Air as is r

app3

that le

very m3

as et in much• «

perfpire away the Crudities of the Sap*p • ^

THIS is the real Caufe of the lower Branches of Trees, which ftandr

hilfl: thofe oneing dead, or very near Ky whick together in a Wood,r »

their very Tops are in a thriving healthy State.

r^--

t

i'

FOR notwithftanding that the lower Branches are neareft to the Root,

and confequently receive their Sap before thofe at the Top, yet for

want of free drying Air, they cannot perlpire away the Crudities thereof,

but, being fatuTatcd ' thcrcwk^ at lengthy perifli 5 whilft thofe on the

fiom the Root,reeTops, which always enjoy a

perfpire freely, and expand much. And on the contrary, Trees that

ftand fingle, have their largeft and ftrongeft Branches next the Roots,

and the very weakeft at their Tops 5 for fuch Trees having a free Per-

fpiration in all their Parts, their lower Branches are firft furnifh'd with

Sap, vhich renders them ftronger than thofe that are higher, and lafl:

ferved. And7 •

tis rom this that Foteft Trees acquire their beautiful

Pyramidical Forms, the Force of the Sap being proportionably Ipent, in

the feveral Stages of their lateral Branches, as they afcend in Heighch.

\

AND as every Stage of Branches are fhaded by the next above them

'tis therefore that they become naked, and only produce Leaves at their Ends

as in e Cafe of Trees planted clofe together in a Wood. But if the

middle of Trees are kept open, as Dwarf Trees in Gardens, or very

thin of Wood, then all their feveral Branches will have a free Peripi-

H ration

/



Jff-

26 M N Or>

/

all their Parts, and confcquently be full of Buds, Leavesy

Shoots.

V

THIS I ad vife.my Readers to confidI

hole Succefs of our Labou which

^r well^ for hereon depends

fhall fully demonftrate whe

come to lay down the Reafons and Manner of Pruning/

BY the preceding Account it appears, That 'tis very Beneficial to

water the Leaves and Branches of Fruit Trees in an Evening, when

. Seafons are very dry.

/

The 20th Experiment of Mr. iffi?/(?^, mention^'d in his Vcgetalh

Statichy p TI

r

at two Feet Depth the Heat is

fiderable and conftant 3 that is5

the fame by Night as by

d that by its ftrong Influence

Day7

}Qt O Moiftu are con

lly raifed from the lower Strata s^ during the warm Summer Seafon,

The Impulfe of the Sun-Beams givin

ccMotion, which

IC

a

r the Support of

e Humidity of the Earth a brisk undulated

Particles, when feparated and ratified by Heat, do afcerid*

Vapour,

watry

Form of

and vigoroufly enter the Roots of Plants

9 *THEREFORE (as this Gentleman further obferves, *. 66.) t)S

eijeve That the Roofs of Vegetables are thus, byery realb

Means of the Sun s genial Heat, continually watered with new Suppl

of Moifture : For if the Humidity of the Earth did not thus afcend

the Roots of Vegetables muft receive all the Nourifliment which they

from Earth, merely by knbibin the next adjoining Moifturc

contain'd in thofe Shells of Earth which enclofe their Roots • and

if fo, why then that Earth which is next to their Roots would be

always much dryer than that which is farther from it, which is not

always fo : And again, if this was the Cafe, why then Plants that grow

in Earth root very (hallow, would be as foon perifh'd for

want of Moifture, as the fame Plants when they are planted in larcre

Tubs, fuch as thofe in which we plant our Orange Trees, whofe Bottoms

preventing the rarified Vapour from penetrating the Roots of the within

planted Trees, they do therefore foon exhauft away all the Moifture

fupplied with

^

d in the Earth of the Tub, and perifli if not

more

AND



V

k

TJje FrU I T-G AR'D EN lUufirated. 'iiP' 27

AND again, (as this Gentleman further obferves) if Plantwere not

thus fupph'ed with Moifture from the

poffible

Strata Sj how would it bef?»U

them to fubfift in very hot Latitudes, as thofe within i o

or

llain

Degrees of the Equinodial Line, where they are often without

for y Mon

THEREFORE genial Heat of the Sun being in Conjundion

with the Attradion of the capillary Sap-Veflels, the Moifture

imbibed d carried

>

up

is raifed

thro' the Bodies and Branches of Plants, and

thcrice paffing into the Leaves, it is there moft vigoroufly atfled up

thoHe thin Platy

an4

where^'armth,

their SurR

Rapidity into the Air

put in an dulating Motion by the Sun

by it is moft plentifully thrown off, and pcrfpired thro

3whence, as foon as it is difentangled

Jmounts with great

NOW, from what is here deliver'd

ftrong-bottom'd Lands, which

y

9 •

tlS ain, That eep and

ways abound with great Quantities o

1 5, are the only Lands which we are to makeoifture in their lower Strata

Choice of for our Plantations of Fruits : That when hot and dry Seafons

PP•n, they may be able to fubfift without great Labour and Expencc

ill \Vatering,\ which muft be at thofe Seafons when we plant in fhallow,

dry-botrom^ S^'ih^ /"ucJi as Saq^js. Gravels, &c.-

/

y

p.

/

\

/



)

-^

«MI'

28 FO M N Or'

7

i»

/*•

H V.

Of the GkowTh and Maturity of plants•

Win Seed

V

HE firft Operation of Nature, after

Vegerable, is to imbibe as much Moifture as is necefTary for

its Germination, whereby it fwells with very great Force.

This Force Mr. Hales has proved, in his Experiment on Peafe, which he

put in an Iron Pot with Water, and, as they dilated themfelves7

raifed 1 84 Pounds. Vide Vegetable Statlch, p

they

94p

NOW feeing that Seed cannot ftrongly germinate without a fufficient

rops are produced,

Maxim of fowins

Qiiantity of Moifture, 'tis no wonder that

hen fown late in dry Seafons : Therefore the o

r7feems to be a Miftake

yxcept in Lands that are naturally very

AND fince that Seeds dilate themfclv with

Germination

very great Force ac

eretore ch

e

: Soil

wherein they are fow'd fiiould

ell meliorated by digging, &c, ' not only for their free Dilatations,

but for the more eafy Penetration of their tender Plumes, or firft leading

Shoots into the Air, as well as their Radicles, or firft fhooting Roots

wi their fubfeq Fibres3

in the Earth. For wheny

e Radicles

cannot freely penetrate the Earth, 'tis impoffible that they can imbibe

fufficient Moifture necefTary for the Produftion of good Plants.

N IF any Sieji\ to e

N Genmnatton of Seed to the Formation

them read Mr. Hales'5 Vegetable Statick

tformd homo Nature operates ft

Biidi Shoot

om the

&c. let

}^9yU9J ?5

THE Shoots or Branches of Trees produced by the gradual Di

V

latation and Extenllon of their Buds ; for all Branches and Fruits areform'd in the very fame Proportion as they afterwards appear when fliUy

grown. ~

SOME





{

b '

o

».

t-*< M N Orm y

•

'f 4

*tr-

\*

% ' - T

• *

#

J*

H VL«

#

^

0/^ //j^ Manner of Treparing Lands for Plantations of

Fr u I T-T R E E S.

H E befi: Seafon for preparing Lands, whereiti we defign to

make Plantations of FruT - --'

the Moifture of th^ Ground

Oôler, or as

admit.

foon after

»

-?

1 •

tisIF your Land is deep, that is, when. about two Feet in Depth

bed to trench it two Spits, and the Crumb (as term'd by Gardeners)

in Depth, laying the Spit that is taken from the Bottom in Ridges, that

the Cru-the Winter Rains and Frofts may mellow it, and exhale away

dities ereof. But if your Land is flbalJow, the bc/l Afetnod iIS to

it one fingle Spit Only, and that to be laid in Ridges, for the Reafons

aforefaid, and level'd down in the Spring following. ;

%'

I F your Land is not over frefli or rich, Would be very ferviceable

to mix in the Working a good Coat of Horfc-dung well rotted, fuch as

old Cucumber and Melon Beds^ &c, but not new Dung on any account,

it being perfed: Poifon to the Roots of* new-planted Trees."

i

IN the Trenching of Land, Care fliould be taken that the Workmen

don't leave Cores of undifturb'd Earth between the bottom Spits of eachA

Trench, as they are apt to do, when they work by the Grate, (nay

when by the Dayj and that their Spits are of a moderate Size 3 for when

Lands ^re digged with large Spits, they cannot meliorate fo welly

as

when with moderately fmall ones, and confequently are then lefs fit for

the free Penetration of thofe Roots which we dcfire fliould thrive

therein. . t

h '

r -

WHEN/



i

The Fru IT Ga R DE N IJluJiratel

,rA %

WHEN by trenching the aforefaid Depth, a hungry; raw, or (harp

Bottom comes it>

ris e vc off, and

tjoodnefs of the Land ^t -m

And if at

o no deeper than the

ft the whole Depth ap-

1 8 Inches m Depch^ the

firft Spit of a green Sward, or Meadow,r ' -

which has not been brokeup by Spade or Plough within the Knowledge

pears to be too fliallow, that is to fay; lef

only Method is to rdife ic with the

Vv

o Man, and where Cattle has <^'oritinnaily been fed But or . want o

Juch Vii'gin Earth, as Mr. Evelyn calls i't^, wFmuft make ufe of the very

befl; and freflieft we can cret. and there\Vith make the o-ood 'Land about

Feet Depthv «

i ^ A

,t

WHEN Lands in general are of very unkind Natures, fuch as fliarp

Lands, ftifF cold Clays, Gravel, t&c. len we mu)

at proper

Diftances, fink Holes of fix or eight Feet Square, and two Feet Deptl1>

1 the Land is dry3but ir CO

)tis much the e Way to raiife a

Quantity of Earth, of the aforefaid Dimenfion, upon the Surface of the

natural Soil 5 which Earth fliould be repared in a Leftal, as direded

in the firft Sedion of the fccond Part of my Ne^ Principles

Gardening.-1

1 ^ »r4

AND (incc chat Fepu^rees (cipeciayy Pear-Trees) are apt to flioot

down Tap-Roots inC) the lower Strata s, where the Moifture bein

tritde and unprepared, renders their Fruits infifid, and Growth luxuriousJ

tis much e beft Way, "when we plant" our Trees r not o toly

prune away every Root that feems to tend downwards, but to pave the

Bottom with Tile-flicds, Brick-bats, &c. alfo to prevent others, which

Nature iiiay afterwards produce, from entering therein.

31

».

)

i

WHEN Lands preparedfitfi the Reception of Seeds, PI>

Trees, &c. they fliould conrinually be kept mellow, by frequent Dig

gings, Houghing M; &^ otherwife our firft Labours wall be

For fince that the Moifture which fupportsin vain ;

Plants in ^ Seafons, is,

Roots of

reat art, attraded up by the kindly In

fluence of the Sun 5 'tis therefore abfolutely neceflary to keep the Surfac

mellow, that the Heat may have a fi"ee Penetration : And not

r

t t



..*

.»

22'*

*-*

O M N Orm t

'%

7

the only Reafon, but by often DrcfTings>

as aforefjaiJ

the Rains (when

they happen) have a free Entrance, and confequently flore the Earth

>with greater Quantities of Moifture, neceffary for the Support of Plants,

than when the Surface being hard and refifts, the Moifture cannot enter^

but is immediately rennanded back into the Atmofphere.

t

"H

*v

WET boggy Lands are beft drain'd dry by Ttenches dug in proper

ices, to convey away the too much Moifture to fome proper Place o

Reception3

an fuch Trenches are filled at BottomsJabout

one Foot high, with Pot-fherds, Pebbles, Brick-bats, &c. they will

always keep an open free Paflage for the Water5and want o

Laying of Bufhes^ r fagg BeechyAlder, Ozier, &.

them

will en-

dure many Years, and anfwer the fame Endt

T

'I*

m

L t -

' '

i

• -

#\i£»

J*^

*

r \

.:%'

- '

T

T

I

' s*^

t

-^ V

X

. 4

'\.

*v

."



r

. i -A.

The Fr u it-G ard e N lUufiratel

w

33

Jwl»^

m

The Manner

J*

VIL

their

plantin

raijing Fruit-Trees in a Nurfery

Grafting , Inoculating , and Manner of Tranf

againji PFalls^ Efpalierr

05J";&C

HE feveral Methods of raifin Fruit rccs, are from SctSis

Cutti

J

Kernels, Layers, vûccings^ orarcingraftiyand Inoculation.

THE feveral Kinds of Cherries, Apricots, Figs, Apples, Pears>

Peaches, Plumbs, Walnuts, Service, and Mulberries now in bein)

were without doubt originally raifed from their Seeds or Kernels 5 but

our ufual Method now to pro^gagate them, is, either by Cuttings, LayersJ

Grafting, or Inoculation,

'^f

t

THE feveral Kinds that may be propagated by Cuttings, are the

different Sorts of Grapes and Figs j but 'tis much the beft way to encreafe

them by Layers.

WHEN we are to encreafe them by Cuttings, we fhould jufl: before

the Fall of the Leaf take off the Cuttings from the Mother-Plants 5 and

plant them inaving prun'd them to Lengths of about two Feet each,

an Eaft Border, well prepared by digging, ^r. for their Reception, ob?

ferving to lay them in flopin as their lovveft Parts don't exceed a

Foot in Depth. They fliould not be nearer to each other than a Foot

at the leaft, for they are both Plants that require a great deal of Air to

perfpire in.

THE



34OM N A: Or»

THE Vines muft be cut at a Bud, but the Figs muft not be topp'd.

and 1 their Ends are but four or five Inches out of Ground>

tis

fufficient.

k

IT will be very proper to lay a Coat of good rotten Horfe-dun be-

tween the Rows^ which will not only keep the Earth warm thro'out

the Winter, but moift in the Spring, when they are ftriking Root, and

advancing in their Growth.

AND \i they are fuifer'd to remain there for the Space of two Years,

before they are planted out, ^twill be much better, than to remove them

the firft Year after planting.

' _ ^^

N. B. IF the Spring after the firft planting of the Cutthigs proves

dryy 't<will he very necejfary to keep them moiji^ ly frequent Wa^teringSy nsohich mil add "very much to ther Growth,

-

BUT the beft Way of raifing thefe Fruits, is by Layers, becaufe

the whole Timehat the Mother-Plants are a conftant Support, durin

of their ftriking Root.

THE bed Seafonfor

Workis

OMer. for

the whole Winter to imbibe fufficient J >

len they haveceffary for their ftrikin

Root early in the Spring' 4. ^

THE other Kinds of Fruits^ tvz. Cherries, Apricots, Peaches?Pears

Plumbs, &c, being propagated by Grafting and Inoculating, we muft

before we proceed thereto^ confider of the beft Method of rai

beft Kinds of Stocks for thofe Ufcs.

>

'«H'

n

•

'

CHERRIES are commonly budded or grafted on Cherry Stocks

which are raifed from the Stones of the common Black Cherry.

J^TLES are grafted on Crab Stocks,

raifed from the Kernels of

the Crab, as alfo on Stocks raifed from the Kernels of Apples, of which

that called the Taradice, is the beft to raft on to make Trees of

fmall Growth, and produce Fruits in great plenty very early

'PEARS



The Fruit A R D E N (llujlrated,

*% t

TEARS are rafte

^

upon Pear Srocks, raifed from the Kernels of

the ildna Hedge-Pear, and on Quince Stocks alfo, raifed from Cuttings«r

rafte on Pear Stocks^, are bed forr Layers. Thofe Pears that are

light, mellow, warm Soils 5 and thofe on Quince Stocks, r wet and

cold Lands, fome few Sorts of Pears excepted, that will thrive better on

Quinces then on Pear Stocks : & contra.

TEARS may be grafted on a White Thorn, and Cherries on the

* Laurel, but the Fruit is n

Cutiofity than Ufe.

othim the better^ and pradis'd more for

ATRICO TS and Thmh are both rais'd on Plumb Stocks, thefirft

by Inoculation, the latter by Grafting,

TEACHES and Neârines are propagated by Inoculation, either

dSt.n Peach Stocks^ Almond Stocks, Mufde, White Pear-Plumb, an

Julian Stocks. Thofe on Peach and Almond Stocks, are beft for hot

light Lands, and the Plumb Stocks for thofe

cold.

that are more ftrong and

But there are many Sorts of Peaches that are very difficu to

make take on either Peach or Plumb Stock, that will very eafily on the

mmen cJ rious, That all theirApricot5

Trees, which they intend to be of the beft Kind of Peaches and Neda-

lines be firft made Apricot Trees by Inoculation, and afterwards budded

with the feveral Kinds of Peaches that they defire to have plenty of

CHERRT-STONESy^nd Kcmds oi Cr2hs and Pears, fliould

be laid thin and well dry'dy

n firft of the Pulps3

and as

foon as the Moifture of the Winter will permit^ they fliould be fown

Beds o

moift

well-prepar'd Mouldj that is . in Nature moderately and

being d with/fine-.Mould, about two Inches thick a

good Coat of rotten Dung over that, to prcferve them from the Winter

Cold, during their Germination.

/

YOU mu not forg to fet a fuflScient Number of Traps for the

catching of Mice, which othervvife will deftroy e Kernels and dif-

appolnt you of your Hop And in March, when the Frofts >

%and



O M O N Or7

ive the Surfaceand the Spring coming on, take away the Dung, and

a gentle Houghing over^ that their tender Plumes may eafily rife thro'

the fame. .

-

IF e Weather proves ry durin the Months of March, Jpril and

May^ Will be very proper to give them moderate Refrefhings ofV

Water, being always kept clean from Weeds, which every one is ex

peded to do, that is a Lover of Gardening.

WHEN the young Seedlings are arrived to the Magnitude of

eir Stems, they fhould be tranfolanted oommon Tobacco Pipe in

of the Seed-Beds into a Nurfery, planting them at i 8 Inches Diftance

from each other, in Lines three Feet afunder 5 for then, by having a free

alway

f(

culating abo them)

they wi

than when planted very clofe gether,

ecome Trees much

after the common

Manner ufed in Nurferies5

where, for

want of afree

drying circulatingAir, they cannot perfpire away the Crudit o

quently cannot thrive

their Sap, and confe

WHEN the Stocks o

half

young Plantation are arrived to about

Inch Diameter in their Stems, they are or Graftm

Inoculation, The firfl: Operation being to

and March, znd the other ia June and July

an

e F orm February

THE whole Care of thefe Worfy

is, to take Cuttings of fuch

Fru we would propagate, from Branches that

not rom fuch as are luxurious, which willruitful State, an

duce any Fruit under a very long time 5 and thofe

are the beft.

a healthy and

not pro-

Year's Growth

TIS bfolutely neceflary to e o/

Cuttings for Grafting full

Month before they are grafted, that, being fomething checks, they maygreedily imbibe the Juices of the Stocks as foon as grafted, and thereby

confirm their Unions inftantly, which Grafts that are cut from a Treethe Inftanc of Graftin

g

with Moifture as the Stock

its Juices^ inftantly perifli.

do, becaufe then they are as re

?and therefore ftead of ftrongly attrafting

^ BUT



The Fruit-Garden lUuftratei\

V

BUT tho a e e

4

king of Curting om Trees Month

before e Time of Graftp

ic muft e dcrftood that they

are to lie out of the Earth all that T mufi: be with their

Ends about three or four Inches in

a

Length,

dofed

them at the Time of Grafcin

under a North Wall, until

in the Earth, well

Du immediately ufc

t

CHERRIES î\i ^lumhsiixc the firft Fruits we" begin

th, whichis generally about the Middle of Fehhia

grafting

Pears abou

Beginning3an Apples the Middle or End of March, hen the Sap

is a httle rarified by the Heat of the Spring 5th

win rife freely from the Wood.

yfodn as the Bark

I

? \ i

\.\

THERE arc feveral Ways of Grafting Fruit-Trdes5 fome bein

for Stocks that are fmall: others for thole that areroper

large 5 and laftly

moderatcly

Jothers for Trees that are very largely grown.

*-^ j

, i

^ -

ITHE feveral Methods of Grafting maybe reduc'd to three, n)i%.

1JWhip or Spltce Grafting^ proper for Stocks of the fmalleft Size

5

Stocks of a middle Size 5 and laftlydly, Stock Grafting^ proper

Kind Grafting^ P'^^P^^'" Trees thac are largely grown

)

K

"%

viiI M

THE flary Inftruments r thefe Works^ are, ^ very good

Knife that cuts very

ftrong Pruning'

mooth and clean for cutting the Cions 5 a 00

Knife for to head the Stocks with : a Saw to cut ofFfuch

Branches as are too lar e for the Knife 5 a Grafting-Chizel for opening

the Cleft Stocks, whiift the C ac A good Quantity-

found Bafs'Matting

Horfe-dung

with well-prepar'd Loam, well mix'd with fhort

5 and Wood-aflies^ to work their Hands when the Loam

IS little too moift or clammyc

BEING prepar'd every thin^ is in readinefs for Work 5 butt»

much the better Way to have a Boy or Man to loam after you, than

loam your felf.

I TREES

\



L

38^< V M O N A; Or

7

t

TREES that are intended for Standards, mufl: be bedded at about

five ItGt high 5 half Standards at three Feet 5 and Wall-Trees at fix or

eight Inches above Ground.

4

THE Manner pf Spl

makin

ce-Gfkftjn

an oblique Sedion.

ed Whip.Grafting) IS per rm

or flopin Cut like a PenJ

in the1 k

Cion, (as the Section c^ Fig, I. ¥Iate I.) with a Slit upwards rrom nea

the Bottoni 3 tlien having cutâ Tmall Part'dut of 'the Top of the Stock

fit for the Reception of the C the inward Sed7FigAY, wi a

downright Slit therein, as ^- place thereon the. Cion ay

as the Si»

of the Cion5bein /=

Slit of the Stocky

e lower Part of the Cion yFig, III. may be exadly fmooth with the lower Part of the Cut the

Stock at t^Fig.lY' And if it happens that the Breadth of the Stock is greater^ ^.1

than the Breadth of the Cion, be fure that you pi the Cion

Side of the Stocki

as for their Barks lie

with each other 5 for then

each other, they can

xadly fmooth and even

eafier

Sap-VeiTels being pla^'d dire<5lly over

you havenite ether If when

placed your Cion in the St3ck, they do not fit clofe together, you mufi:.

with-'Bafs-Mat, bind them clofe, fo that the Wet or Air cannot

petween, and difunite their Union? You muft alfo be careful

the

get

fee

m well loamed

r

that the Loam is well clo/ed at the Tops and Bot

toms3

that it is not put on too w tywhich wi it to fall imme

diately, and that 'tis well work'd in all its Parts, fo as to have no Cracks

thereint

I•

4

C

WHEN you head down a Stock for Grafti;ig, you muft be careful

:re the Bark is pes-fedly fmooth, and freeto cut it off at a Place wh

fiom Canle7Mois, &,

*. v M

TIS bfolutely neceffary that cut your Cuttings or Cion againfl;

Bud, as at hy Fig. I. and that you have at leaft two others above it fior 'tis

by the attractive Power of the Bud

and

7that the Cions draw Nouridiment

-»«

AND

I



The F R u I T"G A R D^£ N ) IRufiratel B9

AND'tis alfo highly; neceflary that juft under i\\s, Giafc, as at /,> 1

Bud be left, to attraft Nourifhmenc for, ,(^t

perfpire away the Crudities thereof. . ^'

Suppprt o£ the Graft, "and

^ IN May, wheni>

t Cions are united, and have produced " Shoots>

you muft rcleafe them of their Bandage, ' (the Bafs with' which you bound

them) or otherwife they C&nnot dilate themfelves'wich Freedom, an

confequently will not thrive fo well. You mull alfo at this time dif-

charge the Stocks of all theit Jateral Branches, which' before were fuffer'd

to grow, to draw upi the Nourinimehc as faid. V

r )

i

STOCk Grafting, or Grafting in the Cleft, moftly iifcd for Apples w

9

is perforni as follows:

^^^^^^^ ^w 4Î *

rlb

FIRST, having determined your Pkcc* to graft at3

fit

V^V

your righc

Foot againft the Stock, and with your Pruning- Knife cue it ofiF floping^

then placing your Foot at /. agalnfl: theas q? ty Fig. IL 'I^Jate I.)5

Stock to keep it ftedfaft, fmooth down the Head of the Stock hohzbn

tally, as the Line / j^, fo will-tbc Head of your 'Stock become level^

as i Fig. Ilf. This being done', apply the Edge df iyour Pruning^Kniffi

downwards, -from* chc*»To o the Stock at / towards h^ and with ft

Mallet, make the Cleft i hy and fo is the Stock ready to receive the

Cion qn'y Fig* Y.' - x

J t

^*

BUT this Work of heading down the Stocks, fmOothing, an

cleaving them, (hoiild be done by aoptber Hand^ that you may have

nothing to do but cut

perform ^s follows :

the Cions and fix them in the Stocks 5 which

? -^

THE Stocks being cleft, you muft therefore cut € Ckm m tnc

Form of a Wedge, zs n m Fig. V. which rnuft always e cut fronfi i

as at rriy for the Reafons aforefaid 5 and then with i Graftin

as that their Barks

Bud,

Ch:zel open the Slit, and place the Cion therein^ 10

may be exactly even and fmooth*

6t/T



40f

^ *

'V, M N A: Or?

BUT if the Bottom or the Cur, Part of the Cion d^ were cut ob-

uely, as at o Fig. VI. they wOtild be eaficr and better^ placed3and-

then being loamed^ as aforefeid, the Work is done.

•^

<

WHEN Stocks are very Jarge, fo as not to be cleft^ they mufl be

grafted in the Rind, an old and common Way, well known to mo

Countrymen, and therefore fliall omit that Defcription.

*

* \s

BESIDES all ele

that

w

feverat Ways of Grafting many

are prad:is'd in Hertford and "Devonfhkey by the Propagator o

Cyder Fruits, which are not worth the Notice of the Curious, and there

re left out."%

i

\.

\

T

TrtE Manner of In-arching, or Grafting by Approach, being chiefly

omitfed on Orange-Trees, I fliall therefi

fuch Exoticks are intended for another Work

fince Culture of

' 'i

f-X

\--

*>*t

1

It* INOCULAT ION or Budding (atid^ indeed Grafting Îfo) is muchfooner learned, and better underftood

form'd

}feeing the Op

a skilful Nurferyman, than by Ten thoufand Wordstherefore to offer any Diagrams of that Kind would be needle fs.

3

per

an

1

t

: f

:s yi -

\.

BUT however it mayn t be amifs if I fliould fpeak a Wordrelation to the proper Seafons, Choice of Cuttings, &

two

r

14

i^

THE Seafon forg Trees is, from the middl of

'

Wood5

1

June to about the middle of Ju/y, whilft the Bark rifes freely from the

the Weather is cloudy and wee, 'tis fo much the better

becaufe, thatwhilft the Operations are performing, the Sap, both of the

Bud and Stock, are not prcjudic'd by Heat ? And therefore if the Seafonhapp be dry, the only Times of the Day for

early in a Morning, and late in ati Even

the Horizon

Work"\

IS, very

juft before the Sun is below

Xn

«v

9\

' *'

^TIS as necefl-aryto be curious in the Choice of Cuttings from fruitfu! Branches for

Inoculation> as was before faid for Grafting5 but

thefe

^



The Fruit-Gard?n Illujlrated.

*

thefe for Inoculation fhould be ufed as foon as tlicy are taken ftchi tlie

Tree, or otherwife put in Water, and kept frefh till i^fed

41

ONE Bud in a Stock is g to form a 00 Tree"i a

but

'tis much

fhould fail

T

better Way to put two Buds in each Stock, left one only

V

1

IN the Choice of Cuttings, particular Care fliould be had to their

Buds, mz. That they ar^ not Bloflbm-Budsy

which are k

bein doubleJ and neverproduce Shoots, as we efire when we

late. And likewife that ey are not Shoots ways V in\

the Shade, whofe Buds are immature for want of Per/p

that are ftrong 1>

always pofleflcd a ree

but fuch

rculating

Air, and of the fame Year's Growtl

WHEN three eks or a Month IS aft, after Inoculation, you

a freefhould releafe them of their Bandage, that the Stock may

Dilatation : And if your Buds have taken, they will appear very plump

and of their natural Col7/

as when firft put in. If that Part of the

Leaf which is left to the Eye pf the Bud ro off freely, 'tis good

% that they are united7but if it withers and fticks firm thereto, tis

a certain Sign that the Bud is jying or dead

IN Fehruaryj after Inocul5you muft ey your Stocks, and

thofe that have their Buds perfed muft be headed off, about three Inches

above them, that in March the whole Nourifliment of the Stock may

the Bud, which the firft Year wibe fully applied to the Growth o

be very confiderable, and efpecially if a the lateral Shoots of the Stock

difplac'd when they ppear

THE Mafculine, Orange^ and Romm ApJ

are the firft Fruits

that fhould be inoculated3and after them. Cherries, Peaches, Plumbs

->

Pears, &c. And it often happens, that it you taKehat tak the Advantage o

bef(the Beginning of the Seafon, you may,

inoculate fuch that have miffed at your firft Inoculat

the Seafon Re

\

M "PEACH%

'-.



^

,'

42 k M N A: Or)

•-»

TEACH Stocks are generally large enoug to

after their Kernels are fet 3 but Cherry Stocks, Plum

till the third Year^ and fometimes not till the fourth.

p

raft the firft Year

Stocks3&c. not

THE next Spring after the Buds have made their Shoots, thofe

Parts of e Stocks which were left above e Buds?

ould be cut

away

fuet.

clofe to the Bud, and cover'd 1 a Salve made o Mutton

Bees-wax)

an RofiinJ

as fliall dirciSl: in my Chapter on

Pruning the Branches of Fruit-Trees^ to preferve the StockL

Injuries of Wet, which \s oftentimes deftrudive to them.

rom the

V.

'^

i-^

\

t'*

\

,a^

ki^-l^- -

3,

>

*r-/



\

Tlje R. u I T-G A R. D E N Jllujlrated.43

y

Hf

Of ASPECTS

VIIl

and AcciDENts

«

\

%

IS very unreafonable to expedt that two South, or Eaft,

&c. Walls, in the fame Laticude, planted with the fame Fruits,

of the fame Age arid Goodnefs, ftiould produce Fruits equally

as good and early, when^ the Soil of the one U a moderate, lighCj

warm Loam, and the other a ftrong, cold Brick-Earth, or Clay.

•i<-

fTHESE different Natures and Qiialities in Soils dre feldoni confidcr'd

and therefore when good Kinds of Fruits are planted in bad Soils, of in

Soils^ whole Principles are diiproportion^d to thofe of the Fruits, they are

either faid to be bad Kinds_, (tKo' naturalfy rcry good) or elfe the Judg

ment of the Gardener is condemned, notwithftanding that he

mayhappen to be one of the bed Sort, as Gardeners ate now a-Day

AND when it falls out thatrbad Soil and a bad Gardener hapberi to

meet together, which is the very Cafe of ten Gardens to one thro'out

Enghndy then the Produdion muft confecjuently be very bad.

HAVE known fome Eaft, and even North-Eaft Walls, whofe

Soils have been very kind, produce better arid earlier Peaches and

Cherries, than fbme South and South-Eaft Walls, whofe Soils have been

very wet and cold : Therefore when People h^ve good Afped:s and bad

Soils, 'tis impoffible they can have any good Fruits : Hence it appears,

that to have good Fruits, wc muft firft confult our Soil_, and if, upon

Examination, it appears to be incapable of the Produdions we exped.

why then our only Bufinefs is to help Nature in the beft Manner that

our Place and Conveniency will permit

2 THUS









i'^^V

;t

I

«

*.

The FrUIT-G ARD EN JUujirated.%

%

.•

. -f

47• *

*

IX.

Of the Manner>

defend

Planting Fores t-T r e e s

Injuries

North9

Plantations of fruits from the

and Weji Wînds.

to

HE moft proper Kinds of Trees for this Purpoft, arc the

Lime-Tree, the Eiiglifi and ûtch Elms, Horfc-ChcfnutSj

Abeles>Poplars

>&c. M

THE firft Work to be done, is to prepare the Soil fit to pla

d if it happens to be naturally a good frefli deep Loam>

com

mon Trenching~is Tuffi cient, being p orm as early the Winter

the Seafon will permit, which is alfo the beft Time to pla

V

' BUT if your Land is poor, then you mufl: help it with frcfli Earth

Compoft, &c.

Feet Diameter,

?

and perfectly barren, then you mufl: fink Holes of

two Feet Depth^ taking away the barren Earth, i

mak frellie good a

ded in the firfl: Chapter hereof.

untried Earth, Compoft, &c, as recom

\

SOMETIMES it happens that the firfl: Sp IS cryg

next ood noth in•>which is much better than wh

ood, and the

IS

\bad becaufe then the lefler Addition of frefli Earth, &

e whole

will fufEcc

BEFORE you your Treesy

the Hole bei.-^ chopp'd very fmall

the Turf at the Bottom of

g a llnall Hill of fineA -

fiefh Earth where the Tree is to be plac'd, bed the Roots therein

carefully fill in and dofe them well about all their Parts,

>

that there be

I

hollow

y-f



H*

4

'i

>^ "-^

M N \. H

Or*t'

>

*.*

-»

hollow Places left, where the Earth cannot clofe abouttheir

Roots, which>-

oftentimes is the Death of many fine Trees.

'-n

THE Method of Planting Trees in Pap, much pradis'd that

reat Encourager of Planting and Gardening, e Honourable James

ofJohnfon of Twckenham^ is a very fure Way for the well mixin

Earth about every fmall Fibre, whereby the Roots are enabled to imbibe

Moiflure with great Force. . ,

WHEN Lands are wet and cold, plant fhallow, and in the Spring5

hot r>.

yor moderately moift, a moderate Depth, and as

y

foon in the Winter as the Moifture of the Seafon will perrnit \

^^

'

>

THE Diftance that thefe Plantations of Defence fhould be om the

Walls or Bounds of your Fruit Plantation, fhould be about yo or 6o Feet

or more if your Land will permit.

>

i-

-

-.

r as

THE IR Diftances in the Rows may be lo, 12, 15, ao, c^c. Feet

have already proved that the clofer together Trees are planted

the more they afpirein Height^ &c, therefore the nearer they are planted

the fooner they will become ufcful.

)

>

y

^-.

BUT k will be convenient that between every Row there be

left a fufficient Difta5that their lower Branche

drying Air, or otherwife they will become fat

of free Perfpiration,

may enjoy a

Sap, for

free

wi want

ration, and thereby perifli. Forty or fifty Feet between each

is fufficient for Englijh Elms, Lime Trees, Horfe Chefnuts, ^c.

for Abel)Popla

J Withy, &. 60 70 Feet, which laft fhould

be planted but in very wet and cold Land, where the others wnot thrive r

\

IF the Situation of Clefts, cî Part of your Garden

5 more than ordinary expos'd to violent Winds, the beft Way to guard

gainfl: them, is to plant Clumps or Platoons of fuch Foreft-Trees that

are moft natural to the Soil, at proper Diftances, fo as to deftroy the

Violence thereof before it reaches our Fruit-Garden.

THE^



%

r

a

The

h

R u it-Gar den lUuJirated.

-*

^

THE Advice b/ Author of the Reitrd Garde ) for

Pruning off the lateral Branches of the Heads of Forcft-Trees at their Tf Plantings to Pyramidical Shapes, is entirely wroncT . for thofc Arms fo

off, are ever after as fo many Conduits or Pipes, imbibincr

veymg Rains into the Trunk>which V ery often caufe their Death

4P

AN D (as he very juftly obferves) ns alfo very prejudicial to Head

vê hope for Succefs in thefe Plantations, pret

/

thofe Trees 5 therefore

ferve the Roots in as great a Quantity as poffible,

mix and clofe the

Earth well about them3

their Heads.

cut clofe all Side Branches^ and carefully prcfcrvc

*^'I '

I 1* »

f

WHEN Trees

Stakes>

your 1 rees are planted, be careful of fecuring them With

from the Infults of Wind and Cattle, and cover the Surface of

the Ground three or four Inches thick, for about two or three Feet about

their Sterns^

from the Inj

And i

wi long Horfe-de>

Fern, cV, to prefer eir Roo

of Cold in the Winter, and Heat in the Summer

thefe Covering/

were d with Earth abo three or

Inches thick, 'twould add

Trees.

very much to the Prefervation of

four

the

THE maJcing of bout the Stem of everV new-planted Ty

being natural to every Garde

March and Jpril^ after planting, (hould be very dry

mend to his Care

fupply the Expen

/ay nothing thereof 5 but if the

muft recom

Jbe well water'd

Jlead once a Week, to

Perfpiration, at that time when their tender Fibres*>4*

feeking out for proper Nouridiment ^ :

#

s

I

cvîr

/



*

5° M N A: Or?

*

1

.

^.y^'^

v

Jr• Jy.

Ofthe Velocity wherewith Nourilhment enters the Roots

Fru it-Trees: and the Reafons and Manner

Pruning their Roots and Heads at the îme

^ranfplanttng.

HE Reafon that Gardeners give. for reducing the Heads of

Trees at the Time of Planting, is very juftj for thev fay, i

they are not reduced, their Roots cannot fupport them>be

caufe that in taking them up many are cut and broke off, and thereby,

in Quantity, are lefs able to imbibe Nourifliment for theirei lefs

Supprt, and confequently fliould be proportionably reduced

'

OF this likewife all our famous Authors on Gardening, from the

Time Adam to this prefent Moment, take Notice, and fayJ

that

for the afotefaid Reafon, the Heads of Trees muft be reduced at their

Planting 3 but not one of them as yet has ever atTempced to lay down

a reafonable Rule for the Performance thereof, or can any do more than

fay it muft be fo. But fince Demonftration is undeniable and felf-evidenr.

fliall here communicate two Experiments which I made this Summer,

that will demonftrate the Truth thereof, and lead the Curious in Planting

into a reafonable and demonftrable Method of Pruning.

/

y IME NT

State

I MADE Choice of a Roman Neftarine Tree, that was in a thriving

> hofe Leaves were nearly equal, which I numbered, and found

•

z them



nê F R u I T-G A R D E N IJluJlrated.

'

them to 6m : Then on a Piece of Paper I drew parallel Lines,

at i of an Inch Diftance from each other, as the Lines aa^ &c. Fig.Wh

^late and alfo others at the fame arail

to the former, as b by &c. conftitutin

el Diftance, at Right Angles

containing T5- Part of an Inch.

little Geometrical Squares>

each

.

laid one of the Leaves thereon, and wth1

THIS being done

Black Lead Pencil traced about the Edges of the Leaf, and then numbering

the little Squares withi that ed their Number to be

6, which being divided by 1 3 gives fquare Inches 7

5»

r.

\16)1 16(7 i

112

remains>

equal to4 or i

Nl B. WHEN the Leaves of a VJant are of different Magmtudiy

fwhkh generally happens^ they mufi be feparated into as many

different Parcels 3 and then meafuring the Surface of one in

Parcel, and knomng the Number of Leaves therein^ may proceed

follows

THE Number of Leaves on the

2the double Content of

pe form'd

12, being multiplied

Surface, (becaufe their Per

well by the under, as the upper Part of thefpiration is

Leaf) and the Produ6l will be the Area of all the Leaves

6ii

Z448

06

8874

-^

fquare Inches, the Area of the Leaves,

HAVING thus obtain d the Surface of the Leaves

Moifture is perfpired away, I then proceeded to find^ the Surfac

Roots^ where they imbibed and received it.

whereat eu:

of their

For whatever Analogy the

Surface

-*

dtt

*



52 M N Or7

%

Surface of the Roots of every Plant naturally bears to the Surface of

their Leaves, fo are their imbibing and perfp'ring Powers proportionable3

and according to thofe Proportions muft the Heads of Plants be reduced,,

when tranlplanted. ^

)

V

DUG up the Nectarine Tree carefully, and preferv'd all its Roc

(the very Fib

felves nea

;s excepted)

horizontally

had

about

five main Roots^ extending them

ree or four Feet from the Stem,-

with many lateral Roots of different Lengths : The Girts of each

o the main Roots, at the Body of the Tree, were Inches anJ 4

the Length of each bein

1

three Feet 5 therefore multiplying 3 6 Inches?

which IS equa] Feet}

I T >the half Girt at the Stem

>being

ical, the Produ(5l wil!"be the Surface of main Root

'.*i*.

t

I-

^. »r

- I v..

Produa ^ -

Which multiply again

54 <quare Inches,

the Number of main Roots t

T*

V

Produd ifo Inches

main Roots. Each main Ro

Roots, whofe mean Girt. at

fquare

had (one with the

e main Root

the Surface o

was

otlier)

half 2

4J

five

o lateral

(thench

rge ,ones next the Stem or Body of the Tree being a full Inch, and

thofe at the extreme Part of the mainRoots? 4 of an Inch, whofe half

is half an Inch, the mean Girt thro'out). The Length of the largeft

and longed ot thefe lateral Roots was each about

the fmalleft and fhorteil, about three Inches i

nine Inches 5 and of

therefore meanheir

-

J

Length is fix Inches. Now 430, the Number of lateral Roots on on

main Root, being multipHed by 6 Inches, their mean Length, the Pro

dud: will be their whole Length taken gtther

^. *

4J o

^

Produd 2580

teral Root, belonging to one main Root;

the whole Length of all the la

I4W

V J frI rf

2 NOW



The F R u I t-G A R b E N JUufirated.-1-

, 4

53

/ -

NOW as their Length is found to Inches, and their

mean Girt half an Inth, therefore muhiply

l^rodudt win be the Area of their Surfaces.

>o t, an

>

r^\f

2580 ;

o

-

ot

4

-^ f'^f .

Produdt 645

r

fcjuare Indies, the Area required

r

i AND as each of the bther main Roots ha3 the fame Quantity

fmall Roots, therefore multiply (J4J,

the whole Area of the lateral Roots;

9

w

and the ProduA will be

<545

V

PrJ

• «ud 322J ûare Inches, the whole Area of the laterkl Roots;

TO this add the Area of the five main Roots, and their Sun^ will

be the Area of the whole Root required.

main Rootshe Area of the

The Area of the lateral Roots 3225

Sum 3495 fquare Inches

!So that now the Area ©f the whole Plant, is in its Leaves

And Roots

8874

34?Ji^kj:

I F we divide the Area of the Leaves, by the

Quotient will difcover their Analogy to each other

of the Roots, th€

3495)8874(i S?9T

1884 remains, cqual to which

being redu(?'d to its lowcft Denomination y^ff, is fomcthing more than h

m

m NOW



\'

f

«54-

f

I^

\ M O N A^ \ '

OrrT^

^ *

> ^#»

/,

w

NOW fince that the Surfaces of the Roots ,! where

imbibed5

are full 1s

leis than the Surface o L L

NOqrifliMentr

s, where

Perfpiration is performed 5it therefore follows, that' the; Velocity 'wjth

which Moifture enters the Roots, mufl: be 4 greater than that of Per-

iration.

r

•

ff

HENCE it is that the Roots ofJwho

great Growth

upper Parts

s, fliould be preferv'd in as great an Abundance aspoffible

and we are hereby taught the Reafon of reducing the Heads of Plants a

the Time of Planting. '. , .

, ,

^

3

W ^ !*• *

1r>

FOR fince

? I *«

the Head of this Tree iri its natural Growth

?

7when

Roots were all perfe6t and fix d in the Earth, did then make fuch

Demand of Moifture for its common^

the Roots to b

Support, that caufed the Velocity

3greater than in the Leaves 5 we may from the

conclude, That the reducing its Head at tlie^TimeV Planting was abfd

lutely neceffary

r 1

«1 .• -^ « -cv

i-A

r A

> C;

^^-\It T

IN this very Point of Planting many Pe'5|)le are much out

that reducing the Heads of Trees at firft Planting, caufes them to have

a lefler Appearance th^n ey

e

Je/7 d chcicfore will not fuffer the

z reduced proportionabl

decaying languilhing State

Ato their Roots

5 fo that they either remain

ftantly die for Roots« being

much reduced by removing, they cannot imbibe Moifture fufficient for the

Support of their Heads, which are'lhen in too great a Quantity. Therefore

tis always to be remembred, at the Time of Prunin\ V

r

and anting,

that the greater Proportion the Area of the Roots bears to that of their

Leaves, fo much the more they will be enabled to imbibe- Nouriflhment

for the Support of the, Plant/ which confequently will thereby be

vigorous in its Growth, and better able to endure dry Seafons &c

« *

more

* =

NOW> Confid that this Experiment has proved, that

Sap, which is the Life of Vegetables, (as Blood

pafs much fwifter thro' the Surface of the Roots than Leaves

very reafonable, when Trees of any Kind

is of Animals) muft

foil that tis

therefore

in as

of Nurferies, &c. for tranfplanting, their Roots fiiould be prefervMgreat a Quantity as is poffible; that Nature may have the greateft

^ Liberty

1

I



i

The u.it-Garden Illuftrated.

^

Liberty

duced

o imbibing Moifture fufficicnt fbr le

Supporc of ch5 th re

The onfideration hereof I recommend to the ftfiftus

Confidcration ofmyBrother'GardenersyZni indeed to all others conceriied

in the. Planting of Fruit and Foreft-Trees, v

want of Judgment herein.,

hich are ery often loft for

v

*

THE great Want of this Difcovery has caufed the Death of

Thousand valuable Plants, that have 'died by beinL

their Time of Planting; For Gard

unskilfully pruned

have but one "Rule or Me-

thod for pruning the Roots of all Kinds of Plants, and even tliar tliey can

give no manner Reafon f( Fori

any one o them be ask'd

fuch a Queftion, their Anfwer Would be, " Why I know it to be fo, my

(C

I

Father Mafter did u t6 prune in diis Manner.' and their

aTrees feldom died, and I my felf have pradis'd the fame, as tauc^ht by

athem, with good Succefs j I know it by Exp

3W hich IS the be

\ it

Mafter

»

And/bon,without confidering the great Demand of Nourifli

ment that Nature mal one Kind f VcgetablF im

moreff

lan anotner>

according to their different Growths, which caufe as' great a Differ

the Manner of pruning their Roots"

r-ri*.-*"

f J ^^ I

AS for Example m•

IT is obf( e Cabbage (which is a 'Vegetable of a quick

Growth above Ground) drawsits

Sap w aery Force

y

Roots being naturally but few, when compared with Vegetabl3who((

Roots are much more 2)tiUh Box)

Growth much flower)

e

So

that from hence it appears, That Plants of a quick Growth an

imbibing Nature, flhould have as much Root allov»^'d them, at Planting

as poffibl 1 .-^'

^

\•

f

'

t

:

ME Nr*

^

<

MADE a fecond Experiment in ke mannef on a Batterfe

Cabbage, that was about half g >and found that the Surface of its

Leaves exceeded the Surface of the Roots near twelve times3

fo that the

Roots did imbibe Moifture with times the Velocity that the

Leaves perfpir'd it away. And were that Cabbage-Plant to have been planted

the Leaves of the Head muft have been proportionably reduced,

as



X.

•

I

4<^ %** O M N • ^ Or^-

vfe

I

or rather ass 12 is to 1, or rattier as 15 to t, becaufc that"there is a continual Dc-

rmand of Nourifiiment by tlie Head^ during all the Time that Nacufe

\s preparing its new fibrous Hoots^j to ftrike fiefii again into the Earth.

W E may obferve from this Experiment of the Cabbage, 'that as

their Growth is naturally very quick i nd great and Roots fmall in

Proportion to their Heads, (whereby their Nouriflhment is imbibed with

great Velocity) the Soil wherein they ^re planted fhotild be very ticTi

very great imbibing Forcend full of Moifture 5 for :otherwife theirV

would fbon exhauft it)and thereby perifh. And îs

n

ways

that where-ever CabbageSj CoHiflo>

Savo))&^ are an

en,

tedJ

they impoverifii the Ground very much, altho' perhaps twas in good

Heart at their firft plan5and the like of other'Plaats in Prop

their more or lefs Quantity of Roots^j

1*

C

Ê fliould alfo obfi rite various Diftribut of the Roots of

plants3

or thereby we are in part diredted how to adapt them to -their

fhat the Flax, Arbutusroper Soils : Thus Nature informs us—

I

Oak, and many other Plants that naturally produce Downright or 'fap-

Roots, delight in very deep-holding Lands 5 and others, as the Afh

Elm, Lime, c^r. who/e Roots run nearly horizontally within two andL

three Feet Depth, love Land chac is rich and fhallow.t

*

- 1^ . -^

K ^ i-/

THE different Velocities of imbibing and perfpiring Nourifiiment

pruningeing accounted for, 'tis very eafy to conceive the Reafons of

the Heads of Fruit-Trees at the Time of Planting, and that the more

fliey are reduc'd, the better it is for them.

AND9

ftriking Root

has been obferv'd before that Plants perfpire whilft they

* that. Moifture is abfolutely neceflary at-herefor

Planting, to fuppoft th^ until they are enabled

themfelves 3 which Moifture ought to be

attrad Nouriflhment

the Nature of the Pla3

or

no more than is agreeable tc

have fcen many Trees kill'd (and par-

; theceicularly Ever-greens) by having too great a Quantity of Moifture

fcrc in wet and cold Lands beware of deep Planting,

--*

«

t THE



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The F R u I T-G A R D E N lUufiruted.i

57

*

r

THE Scafons for Planting Fruit-Trees, arc, October and Fehruary5

the firft in Lands that are moderately light and warm, the laft in Lands

that are cold and wet;1

TREES planted in light warm Soils, in 06lobefy or fooner if tl

aneafon permits, will ftrike Root before the Winter comes

goroufly flioot in the Spring : But if Trees are planted at that Seafi

"Very wet and cold Lands, the too much Moifture will rot

or at lead chill them fo very much that they very fcldom re

VI

Roots>

'1^

ALL new planted Trees^ of both Seafons of Planting, fliouId be

e water'd in March and Apvil^ when thofe Months prove dry, or

otherwife they feldom make good Shoots the firfl: Year. 'Tis abfolutcly

neceffary to cover the Surface of the Earth, at lead one Foot about the

Stems of the Trees, with well rotted Horfe-dung, plac'd in the Form of

aCu J the better to receive the Water when any is given > which Dung

not only preferves the Moifture from being fuddenly exhaled away, but

communicates a Nourifliment at watering alfo. '

t

WHEN you plant Wall Trees, place their Roots about nine Inches

or a Foot from WÎi, Wirfiy

ithiwjtnjn an Inch thereof: For

when their Roots are planted clofe to the Wall, as Is commonly done by

the Ignorant, their Bodies burft out rom le fame as they increafe in

Magnitude, and thereby cannot be kept in a handfome clofe Order.

V

THE Heads of Wall-Trees at Planting fliould be reduced to the firft

four Side Buds, above the Graft or Place of Inoculation, becaufe that*

from four Shoots we may form a good Tree.

ALL forward Buds fhould be difplaced as foon as they begin to

fhoot, that thofe which lie parallel to the Wall, may receive the full

r

Benefit of the Nourifliment.

ff^

IF the firft Shoots appear to be very ftrong and luxurious, when

they have fortn'd four Buds, nip off their Ends, which will oblige Nature

to force out a Branch at every Bud, and diftributing the Sap of

each Branch in four fmall ones, they will become fruitful, and not luxu

Q.nous

i

)

i



O M O N Ory

rious, as they would have been, had the Sap been wholly imployed in

one Shoot on/

BEHIND the Place of Inoculation, or of Graft in every Wall

Tree^ there is a fmall Part of the Stock which is generally dead, which?

^t Planting muft be cut clofe to the Shoot, and placed next to the Wall :

For when they are placeed outwards, as fometimes is done by unskilful

Planters, they imbibe Wet, which oftentimes rots the Body of the Stock

I

lliort Timey

.

i

TIS absolutely necefTary and very advantageous to cover the Wounds

of Trees, when cut, with a Salve that will referve them from In

juries of Wet and Cold. The Compofition is as follows ; Take half a

Pound of Rofin, a quarter of a Pound of Bees-wax, the fame Qiiantity

of Pitch, and two Ounces of Mutton-fuet 5 melt them together, andy

Jrels e Wounds with ahen moderately cool'd, fo as to be liquid

FeatKer, Brudi, c^c. and no Wer or Cold can penetrate or injure them

ALL Wall Trees budded

their Grafts,

but do not on

before deliver'J

when planted

rafted very low, fliould have

Jabout two or three Inches above Ground

this Account plant their Roots over dccp^ for the Reafons

T I S a Pradlice among Gaid>to pi

with their whole Heads on, and let them remain fo untili

or March following, and then head them down, which

^

Peach-Trees in Oeiohr^

e February

IS

Trees a great Prejudice 5 for the Roots do

doin••H

the

ordinary Quantity of Cruditic

attradive Force of the Head,

them down, the Tree is difturb'd

not only imbibe a more than

out the Winter, occafion'd by the

but in the Spring when the Gardeners head

to

Roots, which are th

y penetrating the Earth, and thereb

prep

ftentimes deftroy'd

«

I NEED not fay any Thing more on the Roots of Fruk-Treesfince I have already prov'd, that the more Roots a Tree hath, the more

It is to imbibe Nourifiim

Management of Roots,

Therefore the whole Care in the

poffible m up?

difcretionally, fo as to let

be thinn'd

,.that'they are bruifed and dirhinifli'd as

that the Number of fmall Fibres

the Earth freely

about all their Parts ; that all

Bruifes

y f



/ /

The Fruit-Garden IJIufiratcd.

Bruifes be cut entirely away with a very fharp Knifi

Root be regularly placed, with the Earth well clofed about

)

Jt.

59

WHEN we are to plant Trees for Efpaliers, we muft have regard

place the Buds of the Trees parallel with the Efpalier, fo that when

Sh are produced, they may lie parallel to the fameJand be

afily nail'd thereto 5 and here, as well as in

Buds are to be difplac'd, and luxuriant Branches nip

Wall Trees, all forward

at the fourth Bud>

aforefaid

WHEN we plant Fruit-Trees to maJce Dwarfs of wc iTiould head

-

out Trees at fuch Heights, fo as to have at leaft four Buds nearly ar

Angles to one another, that thofe Shoots which they produce may

the Head defired.

form

4

THE whole Management of Dwarf-Trees, confifts in the Manner o

Pruning the Ends of their Shoots, flopping the Luxuriancy of Branches

as aforefaid, and the true Diftance of one Branch from the other.

•f

.^

NOW as Dwarf-Trees are defired to grow with Concavities m their

Middles, "w/e mu » ^

prune their leading Shoots at an under

Bud fo that when the next Shoot is produced, it may fhoot outwardy

and. thereby be conformable to the Form defired : But if you cut at

an upper Bud, then the next Shoot will grow inwards, and deftroy the

Form required* *n i

H E NCE it follows, that by obferving the Situation of Buds, a Branch

may be produced to fill up any Place defired.

%

andSTANDARD-Trees are planted as Wall-Trees and Dwarfs5

^tis much better to cut in tlieir Heads very clofe, than to plant them

very large. If we are careful to prune at under Buds, as direded for

I . b

Dwarfs, and rub away all other 1

fome Heads in the firft Year.

inward Buds, we may form very hand

THE Standard-Trees are, fa that they well rooted, the

better, and will produce Fruits fooner, ahjd in greater Qiiantity, than

-'

fuch



b

'

60 M O N A Or)

fuch fmall Trees, which are ufually planted, provided that they are

cured from the Injuries of Cattle, Winds, &c.

i-.

•r

THE Diflance o Fruit Trees from one another^ is a very material

be confider'd iri Planting 3 for if we plant too near, we foon

of Air for Perfpt

Point to

exhaufl: our Soil, and deftroy our Trees, for want

ration 5 and if we plant too thin, we fufFer a Lofs by having lefs than

we might 5 but of the two Evils the laft is the beft.

PEA,R-Trees require much Room to extend themfelves, andi;

Kinds more than oth , as tnc Summer Bon-cretien, and manynd

ome

other

Kinds, which when I come to their Defcription I fliall take Notice of

but in general we may aflign 3 o Feet for their Difta

every two Trees w

and a Cherry, or a

3

ice. And if between

: plant two others of different Kinds, as a Plumb

Peach and an Ap to be cut away as the Grovcth

of the Pears require, we fliall have no Lofs in the Walling, dur

Time of their Growth.

the

\

WHEN we plant entire Walls of Peaches, Cherries, Plumbs, and

Apricots, they may be placed at twelve, fourteen, or fixteen Feet

Diflance, except the early fmall May Cherry, which need not be more

than eight Or ten fctt apart..

STANDARDS planted in the open Air, fliould be jo Feet apart

at the leaft, but 35 is much better, and if you plant Dwarf-Trees between

them, ^40 Feet is full nean Thefe Diftances may appear to fome People

very large, but when they confider the Neceffity of a free circulating Air

Perfpiration, and the Benefits of an under Crop, they will find the

Advantages thereof

N. B. IF the Roots of Trees are very dry after taking up^ foal their

Roots for an Hour or tqsjo>

no more

the Water

Vound of Water, &c. hut immerge

their Roots, that their Heads may Jlrongly attract

IF your Trees^

that

after tallng up, are to he fent any "Difiame^ le fure

you fecurely pack them up mth Straw and Mats, from the

Wind,s

I1

1

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4

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en

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The Fruit-Garden Illujlrated.

Wind.5 and Air, 'whkh oftentimes exhale away all their Motji e

d therely perifl:

i

IF Prop present the "Planting of Trees after taling up, theyfljould

he kept in a warm Cellar^ Sec. and cover d c

Air^ until the Frojls a

them as lefore dire6ied,

gone ^ andth

lofe from the external

foaling their Roots, plant

HAVE already advifed the preferring of Roots in as great a

ântity as can h at taking up^ at which Time I muft caution you

mt toll drawing or wrenching, Sec. hut tale

Time, dig large deep Holes, and take them up with Care

WHENyou purchafe Treesfrom a Nurferyy always olfcrve that the

Soil wherein you are to plant them^ le as good or rather better

than that of the Nurfery^ and efpecially if your Trees are, not over^

and'obonêfirong 5 but luxurious Trees being planted from a rich<

±'

Nurfery into a poorer Soil^ are oftentimes made fruitful therely.

WHEN you are to prune the Roots of a Tree^ hold it in your left

Hand with the Head behind you 5 and then pruning them with a

very Jha\ the Or f each Root will be placed

wards when the Tree ts p

own

more Jlrongly

bibe Nouri/hmenty than when the Face of the Cut is upward:

often pra£iisd by%nskilful Gardeners.

as

61

'TIS at the extreme 'Parts of the Roots, where the Cut is madf, that

they draw freflo Roots, which^ if bruifed in cutting with a bad

edged Knife^ or mt cut at all, putrijies and dies.

fI

/



>

61 \ M N A: Or,

%

H XL

Of th Management ©/"Fruit-Trees after Planting

their SQ^{ôn and Manner of Pruning, Nailing, &c.

i

J

LTHO' 'tis abfolutely necefTary that great Care fhould be takea

the Choice of Trees bef< we

Preparation o Soi

plant.

si Manner of Pruning

as well as in the

eir Heads and

Roots, and Planting5yet if they are not well governed afterwards, our

are all loft. Th are many Card inabours and Expences

£w^/^«i that have had the Management of Fruit-Trees from their firft

Planting, and been very fuccefsful therein, but it has all en

Accide

mere

ration they do th

for there's not one of them all Can account for any one Op

1

t

w ^

I F we ask them why a Tree muft be pruned

1

3

and Mr. Carpenter have doneîn their Retird Gard

bey anfwer as Mr. Wife

m Oidythat the Fruits may iniur'd

>To keep

ment, by the fmall and luxurious Wood

or depriv'd of Nourifh

long Life : Which Reafons

and that it may continue a

but to their Misfort>they alwa)

tolerably good were they

in beft Prad]:ice

7

J nly

fuffer fuch Sorts of injurious Shoots to be produc'd, but load Nature with

fo great a Burthen ofother Wood, that a few Years

irrecoverable Decay.ab the

THIS I am

for, to their great Misfort

vaftly conceited and ignorant as moft of

F

will at firft be underftood by them as Self*

no Sort of People breaching o

therefore imagine all the World to be like themfelt

EngllJIo Gardeners wh

But howev)

1

they

\

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H



I *l^'

The Fr U I T-G A R D E N Illufirated.

they can curb their fuperficial Imag)

to perfedly underftand the following Paragraph

d coolly read as

s

difcover their lo

y

r dig

they plainly

">and be led into a natural and rea

fonable Method of working, -whereby they'll be enabled to account f

all leveral Op^

the Management of Fruit-Trces

abundance of Pleafure and Certainty

)ith

THE whole Management of Fruit-Trees after Planting, may be re

duced to a very few Rules, and have the defired Succefs. ^

U L *»

4

DISPLACE all forward Buds, by rubbin them off wnen they

firft appear, and then tht whole Nourifliment will be diftributed to the

neceffary Branches. By ohferving this Rule, your jtrees will always

lie chfe to the Wall, and he free from the Snags, which are very difa-

greeahle and unprofitable 5 for whatever Fruits are produced in fuch Si

imtionSy are never letter than thofe on (Dwarfs or Standards.

V L II.

WHEN luxurious

each Branch contains four or five Buds in Len;

ni

them, when

fftheping o

produceeading Buds with your Finger Nails, which will caufe them to

new Branches from every Bud that will become fruitful5 for thatNourifh

ment which Nature intended for one Brancywill e dijlrihuted into

three or fourj which confequently cannot he fo luxurious as when wholly

imployd in one Branch : Therefore if this Rule is well ohfervd^ we need

never he troubled with luxurious Wood.

U L III.

1—

.

•

-

I F Fruit-Trees produce three or four Shoots, and all weak, difplace

the two weakeft, that the whole Nourifhment may be wholly imbibed

by the ftrongeft, which will enable it to form a good Head,

UL

k

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Is

1

M N Or

Jy

/>

\

U L IV.

I

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AS thfe Growths of the leveral Branches advance^ keep them nail'd

to the Wall5but be fure that the Diftances between Branch and Branch

grownrc never lefs than the Length of their Leaves, when fully

Therefore as Leaves are not come to their Maturity in the Spring, you

muft at that Time nail them at a greater Diftance than aforefaid5 that

when they are fully grown, they may in general poflefs a free drying

Air, and not fliade each other, to their almoft total Ruin, for want of

Perfp

\

ONfor when Fruit-Trees

very Point depends the whole Succefs of our Labours

are loaded with

>

Quant

nail'd very clofe, a great Part of them are faturated, an

theCrudities of their Sap, for want of a

of Branches,

with

This

free Air to perlpire in, and

plainly demonftrated in thethereby become barren and ufelefs.

Growth of Trees planted very clofe together/ as in'a Wood, wherelower Branches, tho^ neareft to the Fountain of Sap, (^/z. the Roots)are either dead, or very near it 3 whilft thofe at the Top, which are

in a drying Air, perlpire freely and expandfartheft from the Roots, but

much And in Fruit-Trees 'tis the very fame, when their Branches

nail-d nearer together than the Lengths of their Leaves

are

-*

BESIDES this Advantage, of having Fruit-Trees fruitflTl in all their

Parts, is not the only onej for by this Method of thin Nailing, there

will not be half the Quantity of Wood for the Root to maintain, andconfequently thofe Fruits that are produVd

with Nouriflimenr. and in greater Perfed

of Wood and Fruit is fed but with the fame Nutriment

will be much better fupported

than when a Multitude

f

k

i

>

HENCE it follows. That as Fruit-Trees differ in

their Leaves, fo

the Length of

will the Diftances of their feveral Branches be alfo

d therefore the general Rule hitherto praftis'd by Gardenerslaying the Branches of all the feveral Kinds of Peaches, and other

different

fluits, at the fame Diftance, appears to be a great Miftak

THERE1

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The Fr'u I T-G AR D EN lUuJiratel

THERE are many excellent Kindsôf Fruits which produce crrcat

Plenty f Bloflbms and but very little Frultj as the o NefwhigtonJ

and many other large Kinds of fine Peaches. This Sterility is caufed by

the too great Abundance of Wood, which, when 'tis cover'd over with

its beautiful Bloflbms, requires a much greater Quantity of Nourifhment

, and thereby,

for want of proper Nourifhment, the Embryo Fruits" are flarved, and

than the Roots are at that Time able to communicate

/

more efpecially when the Soil and Spring are both dry, their Perfpiration:

being then greateflj and if Eafl:erly Winds happen to blow at* that Time

their very drying exhaling Nature, is a further Help to the Dellru(5l

the Fruit.

of

-

BUT notwithftanding that the old Ne^wtngton Peach is always vaftly

full of Bloflbms, as may be feen by Fig^ IX. 'Plate II and III. yet if they4

are nail'd in at the Length of their Leaves, their Roots will be able

to ftrongly fupport them, (as I have experienc'd) and produce plentiful

Crops : or obferving this Difl:ance, the Roots will not have one

r third Part of the Wood to fupport, as when nail'd in thick, after thei

common Way.

-

THEREkind to than others

of TCtTCTies which Wature has een more

?this very Cafe 5 the AlheniarJe and Cath

Bloflb {fee E'g* VI an VIIIeaches produce Leaves with their

fPlate II and III.) which ftrongly attrad Nourifhment from the Roots t

the Bloflbms, which the old Newington does not, it having Bloflbms only>

which may in fome Degree be the Caufe of its producing but fmall

is may be greatly help d in Pruning, asQuantities of Fruit : but

fliall in its Place dcmonftrate

UL V.

1

THE nearer Branche are laid to an horizontal Pofitf

the Ve

locity of the Sap is the more retarded, and the nearer to a perpendicular

ion the more freer 5 therefore Branches that are inclinable to Luxu-o

liancy, may be check'd by being nail'd horizontally

weak, help d by being nail'd perpendicularly.

7and thofe that

t

NOW

v-'



66 M\

N Or•>

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NOW thefe Extremes being only fit for the two aforefaid Kinds of

Wood, we muft therefore make Choice of a mean Situation. for our

beft and moft healthy fruitful Branches 5 and therefore they fliould be foX -

-

_

,

as to make an Angle of 4J Degrees, or thereabouts, with theaid

Horizon

^ ii'

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V L vr

\

FRESH

Dilatation.

-

all Branches every Year^ that they may have free

THE next material Matter to be confider'd, is the beft Time of the

Year for Pruning, which, among all our famous Gardeners

determin'd

>is left un

y every one affigning his own Seafon^ but not one of themhas yet given a fingle Reafon for it

t

FIRST then that

- » _

we may be certain of laying the Branches at

their proper Diftances, we fliould prune our Trees in the End of Augufl

and Beginning of September, before their Leaves are

>

fallenywhich will

then exhibit to us the ;uft DiAances y which cannot be fo exa(5t if weprune them in the Winter Seafon

}ufual

4

SECONT^LTy Branches being prun'd in this Seafon^ juft before

their Growths are at an End, and the Air kind and warm. Nature wimmediately clofe up, and heal the Orifices of the Sap-Veffels, before

the Wet and Cold of the Winter comes on, which they imbibe to their

Prejudice, when prun'd in that Seafon.

THISI have oftentimes

experienced, and therefore recommend it

the Curiousto

But when you prune off the End of a Shoot, you muft

always take it for a Rule to cut an Inch at leaft above the Bud, (which

muft always be a Leaf, and not a Bloffo

demonftrate) which,

Nourifliment, becom

m Bud r I fiiall hereafter

from the Injuries of Wet and Cold

after perifliing down to the Bud for want of

very hard, as to proteft the whole Branch

^^

f THIR2)L r.



The Fruit-Garden lUufirated,^ 1

' THIR7)LT^ When Fruit-Trees are pruned in the End of Autumn,

their Roots have not fo great a Quantity of Wood to fupport thro out the

Winter, as when prun d in the Spring, and confequently are better able to

fupport their Bloflbms in the Spring. And again, the lefler the Quantity

of Wood is on a Tree thro out the Winter, the lefs crude Sap is imbibed

and confequently the Tree is much more perfed, and in better Health.

9

k

FOURTHLT, When Branches are prun

and the Orifices of their Sap-Veffels

in the Winter

clofed

-TW.

>the attrading

Force of the Leaves in the Spring, is not weakened, by the many Inlets

of frefh Wounds, which muft happen when Trees are

Fehruary and March.

pru late in

HENCE arifes the Reafon why luxuriant Trees, prun*d late the

Springy

thereby checked in their Growth : For- the Sap-Veflels being

open by the feveral Wounds

Power of the L

t the Ends of their Shoots, tKe attradive

ftrongly attrad Nourifhment, until thofe

many Inlets or Sap-Veffels are clofed

riancy is in fome Degree abated.

Jtherefc that the Luxu

/

JÔW from this tis evidehiT^ cfrar- chc bed Scafon For Pruning

luxuriant Trees, is late in the Spring 5 and thofe that are weak, or in

a healthy State, early in the Winter 5 or rather^ as before is faid, in the

End of the Autumn.

THE feveral Rules Here delivered being well obferv*d>we need

fail of having good Wood in all our feveral Kinds of Fruits-T

And the on

Pruning in general

Branches.

Thing that is now wanting to complea Part o

IS the Reafons and Manner of Pruning the Ends of

THE Reafon why the Ends of the Branches of fome Sorts of Fruits

are cut fliort at the Time ofg>

is, becaufe the extreme Parts

thereof being produc'd in the latter Part of the Year, when the Sap was

7thofe

ieclining in its Strength, they are not fo perfed and mature

Parts of the Shoots which were firft produc'd, and therefore the immature

Parts fhould be cut away,NOW

\



\

6S M O N A: Or>

\

NOW td determine what Quantity of a Shoot fliould be cut away^

is very difficult, becaule different Seafons have different Effefe on their

Growths, and therefore this Point niiifl: be wholly fubmitted to the

Judgment of the Pruner 5 and "'tis therefore that we mufl be fure to

ne at a Leaf-Bud andru

their full Lengths

for want th^reof^ nail in the Branches at

YOUNG Trees that are truly healthy require the leaft Reduftion,

and very often may be nail'd in at full Length, efpecially when all their

Buds

Cherri

are diipofed for Bloffom, as Peaches^ Apricots, and Morella

:rrles are very apt to do : And there are fome Sorts of Pears, which

produce the moft of their Fruits at the extreme Parts of their Shoots^

and therefore muft not be topp d, becaufe you not only cut away Part

of the Fruits, but the leading Bud of the Shoot alfo, for want of which

the Shoot dies as foon as the Fruits thereon are ripen'd.



The RU IT-G ARD E N lUufirated. 60

m

XII.

r

Of the great Uje of the Leaves of Fruit-Trees,

and their Force of i Moiflure for the Support

of their BIolToms, Fruits, 6^r.

/

is very plain, from the feveral accurate Experiments of the

Reveriend Mn HaJeSy that the Leaves of Fruit-Trees are

very ferviceablc in atcrading Nourifliment from the lower

Strata Sy within the Reach of the tender Fruits, which, like young Ani-

mals, is furnifli'd with proper Inftruments to imbibe thence, [ And by

the fame Experiments 'ds manifefted. That the main excretory Dudls of

plants, are in their

watery Fluid, which, when detain'

that from thence we are

which feparate and carry off th^ redundant

prejudicial ; So

taught the Neceffity of preferving them, fince

'tis impoffible they can live without.k 4

»-

Â:^

AND altho' Fruit-TrecsJ

hich Inanimate, have not a Power

with alternate Dilatations and Contradions, to drive forcibly about the

Sap if

Veins

its Veflels, as the Blood of Animals is thro' their Arteries

3yet has Nature wifely ived other Methods, which mofi:

powerfully attrad and keep it in Motion, whereby the lame Purport is

anfwer'd.

AND that nothing may be imbibed by the Roots o Treesy

UC

what may be difcharged by Perfpiration 3 therefore Nature has wifely

cover'd their Roots with a very fine thick Strainer, which will not admit

any Kind of Moiflure to enter, but what can be readily carried away by

Perlpiration.

T THE



70 M N A: Or7

THE feventh curious Experiment of Mr.Hales's VegetableStatkh, p.t%.

on the Dwarf-Pear Tree, and Branches of Apple, Pear, Cherry, and

Ap T 1 -* are undeniable Proofs of the great Ufes of Leaves to

Fruits, which I defir every Gardener to well confider, and be not too

much puffed up with their own Conceits

>

\

I

THE firft Part of this Experiment was made

taken up

half 5 and

bibed

fame Time

on a Dwarf-Pear Tree,

Jugujly whofe Weight (clear from Earth) was 7 1 Pounds

Roots being fet in a known Quantity of Water, im-

Pounds thereof in 10 Hours>

and perfpired at the very

J Pounds one half 5 therefore it Ounceserlpired

more than it imbibed. This feems to inform us that Pear-Trees delight

in Moifture, and that thofe who imagin d that all the Moifture im

bibed by Treesy

Buds, Branch)&i

wholly converted into Sap, and the Formationr

irely miftaken 5 for if Was fo, the Pear-Tree

would have retained the whole Quantity imbibed, which it did not do

THE other Part of this Experiment, on the feveral Branches which

e, is a further Proof, that the Quantity ofurious Gentleman mad

Moifture attraftcdi

always in Proportion to the Quantity of Leaves

A S for Example :

-(.

HAVING madeCho ce of two Branches of every Kind of Fruit,

he ftripp d the Leaves off one Branch of each Sort, and then fet their

Stems in feparate GlafTes, wherein were known Quantities of Water

fome

THE Branches with Leaves imbibed large Quantities of Water as

J20

> yand Ounces, in

Quantity of Leaves on each

lighter than in the Morning.

Hours Day, accordin to the

>and being weigh'd in the Evening, were

WHILE the others that were ftripp'd of their Leaves, had imbibed

but very little, as an Ounce^

they having perfpired little.

&c. each, were heavie in the Evening>

'ft

NOW

>'



X

The RU IT-G A R D E N Iffujimed. 71

pull

NOW from thefe Experiments 'tis plain, that tliofc Gardeners whoo great Qi of Leaves from Fruits, before

grown_,V 9

inj them ery much3

only by lett

are fully

a fudd Heat

being of themhich flirinks the tender Sap-VefTels of the Fruits j but

felves unable to attrad: the fame Nourifiiment which they before received

do therefore inftantly perifh.

>

>

IN Juguft 1717. I made Choice of feveral B

Mufcadine Grape, whereon

o Whwere many very fine Bunches j I entirely

flripp'd off their Leaves, and left fome of them wholly expofed

i

the

Sun and Air, whilft others, tho' flripp'd as afore/aid, were fliaded by

the Leaves of other Branch>which I laid before them for that Purpofc

-

THOSE Branches that were fliaded continu*d at a StandJ

the

faft 3 but the others

a

Space of 10 or ii Days, and then decayed very

that were fully expos'd^ began to flirivel the third Day. Hence it ap-

pears, That the Leaves of Fruit-Trees, do not only prefervc the Fruits

from the Injuries of Heat and Cold, but ftrongly attra<^ Nourifiiment

to their Support, and perfpire away the Crudities thereof, thro'out their

feveral Stages and Degrees of Growth.

IF we obferve the Care that Nature has taken to place the

Leav o all Kinds of Herbs7 y

and Trees, cxadlly under

Buds, to attrad Nourifhment to them, we may eafily conceive the Prei

judice it is to them when they are taken away

I F we obferve the Growth of Fruit-Trees at their firft {hooting out

the Spring, we may, with abundancece of Pleafure,

that Nature obferves in all her wonderful Produdions

fee the wife Order

NOW feeing that Fruits cannot perfpire and flourifli without the

Afliftance of Leaves 5therefore Nature does wifely produce them in all

Fruits, cither before their BlofToms appear>

at the fame Time, or foon

afterwards.

THE May fDuke-Cherry, March i6. {Fig. L 9hte V.) produces

its Bloflfoms from the two Years Wood, and more particularly at and

about

I



tf *

\

f

*A

72

»

M O N Or")

about the Joint between the two Years Growths, as at B, than in

other Parts : And during the while that Nature is opening the Bloff

Buds, .thofe of the laft Year's flioot are largely expan

an

themfel

/

' _ -

into Leaves, (as a a a^ &c,) which ftrongly attrad Nourifliment for the

Support of the yet Embryo Fruits, and perfpire away the Crudities with

which the Sap then abounds.

/

AWLES produce their Bloffoms on Wood of two Year's Growth>

are produced by the laft Year's Sh as in

produced at the

but their firft LeavesH

the Cherries preceding. The firft Leaves of Appl

Bloflbm-Buds, and are very largely grown before the BloiToms appear

or even before the Biids of the laft Year's Shoots are open'd.

)

f r

of

THE Branch of ^Nonpariel (F^. III. ¥late\L) exhibits the Growth

Leaves at the BloffiDm-Buds D D, &c, March which are

laft Year's Shoots, a a^ & are notreatly expanded, whilft thofe of the

vifibly beginning to fiioot. But- when their Bloffoms are fully blown,

(as FigA, "Plate \\l. and Fig. V. ^late XII and XIII.) then the Buds of

the laft Year's Shoots are much panded3probably, becaufe that the

Bloffoms being then produc'd, require a"gre^ter Attraction of Moifture

for their Nourifhment than before.

t

I

s

GRJ'PES are produced on Branches that flioot from the Buds of

the laft Year's Shoots, which are of a confiderable Length, with their

Leaves expanded, before the Fruits appear, as exhibited by the Branch

of a

and

Shoo

tudc

Wh Mufcad Grap>

{F'tg. II. "Plate VIII and IX. Jprll \ o.)

the firft of May^ the Time that Bunches appear, their

are very much extended, and ^'their Leaves increafed in Mag

(See f/ff. II. yto^ X.)

FIGS are fomething different from other Fruits in their Manner of

Produdion, and therefore Nature has wifely placed a leading, Bud at

the End of every Shoot, (as A, Fig. I. Plate IX.) which opens its Leaves

about April 1 1. and ftrongly attrads Nourifliment to the Fruits B C D E5

and therefore when Gardeners unskilfully prune off the Ends of the Shoots

in the Winter or Spring, thofe Branches generally die foon after.

4te^

/9UINCES

1



%

i

f

The

w

Fruit-Gard£n lUufirated. 73

QUINCES produce very large Leaves before their BlofToms appear

on the laft Year's Wood, (fee Fig, I. Tlaie VI.) which feems to be pro-

vided Nature, on Purpofe to perfpire away aft Quantity of

Crudities that are contained in their Sap

ill Confequences before demonftrated.

Jwhich, when confin'dj has the

"PEARS prod o Leaves and Bloflbms from the fam Bud >

muft theref(

L

and being Fruits which imbibe great Quantities of Moifture,

have Leaves timely produc'd^ to attrad Nourifhrnenc for the Support of

III.t eir Embryo Fruits, as well as fox Perfp

IV, V. "Plate U and III.)

(See Fk, I7

-*>

r

ÊACHESy "Plumh, 2ini Aprhots, produc their Bloftoms fome

\

9

fmall Time before their Leaves, which foon fucceed, when tlieir Branches

are prun'd at Leaf-Buds, or for want thereof, left at their whole Lengths

(as F/g. Ill, IV, V, VI, VII. 5^to^ VIII and IX.) where the leadingBuds

A A &c. are opening their expanding Leaves, for the Purpofcs aforefaid.

J-

BUT the Time that their Bloflbms are fhed^ their Leaves

largely grown, probdWjT^fcecauie th their Fruits are then knit, or

fet for Growth, they require a greater Attradlion of NouriiTiment for

their Supp well as Shade, to preferve their tender Sap-Vefli from

the Injuries of Heat and Cold (See Fk. T, and 11. 'Plate XI. and Fig.II

^Jate VIL of the Nonpariel Apple) jf-

_ THE fam

*

is to be obferv'd in Chevr iwhen in Bloflbm, whofe

Leaves are then greatly increafed, (as Fig. I,II,ni,IV. "Plate XII and XIII.)

But much greater as the Fruits advance in Growth, (fee Fig. II. "Plate^ VL

I of the Morella Cherry, May .7. Fig. I, II. 9Iate XIV. of the Jprkots9

whofe Leaves are largely grown in Prop Fruits

^ I

/ AND therefo It ppears That as Fruits advance in their Growths,

and require greater and greater Nouriflim

portionably augmented, whereby they are always ab!

Juices for their Support, as

the Leav pro

e attrad fuffi

well as to perfpire away the Crudities thaeof

P.

/t



"S

V

74.fc-

O M N A: Ory

i

\

\

H XIII

Of Blights,

when in

and Ripe.

and the Manner of Ordering Fruit-TreEs>

and out Bloflbm?

Half-grown,

t*.

LTHO' 'tis abfolutely neceflfary that tlae Pruner fliould judi-

cioufly prune and nail his Trees, yet if he has not regard to

them afterwards n

Jtis ten to one i he receives any Fruits

THE Accidents that Fruit-Trees ai-e LaWe to wficn in Bloflbmy

are BLghts^ Exhalations, and being deftroy'd by Infe<fts : But thefe in

general are vulgarly called Blights."^

BLIGHTSy

are FroftsJ

and burning Heats, as Lightnings, ^c.

3and Lnxhalations^ are cold drying Winds, and very dry hot Weather

fe^s^ ate fuch as Caterpillars, Flies, &c. which in general deftroy Fruits

not guarded againft.

>

FIRST, Frofts are of two Kinds, the one which is very cold and

dry^ called the Black Frofl:3

and the other cold and hoary,(which is

the Dew frozen, that falls in the firft Part of the Night, before the Cold

began to freeze) called a White Froft. - *

BOTH thefe Kinds of Frofts are prejudicial to Fruits, at all Times

when they happen5 but of the two the Black Froft is the n

ftrua

Evenin

ive?

e

moft

fpecially when it comes after a Shower of Rain in an

>Jbefore the Bloflbms and Fruits are dry

-*i^„

\ THERE



/

The ruit-Garden Ilkftrated. 75

"

f.

for reHERE are divers Methods, prefcrib'd by fev.eral Pcrfons,

ferving Fruits from Frofts, which I have experlenc'd, and find that there

is none comes up to careful Covering with Mats, old Sail-Cloths, &c.

which, being well faftned that turbulent Winds cannot difplace them,

never fail of our defired Succefs. Nay, Peafe-halm only, hung on the

Branches^ and fecur'd from Winds^ has the fame EfFed^ being left on until

they are largely grown, and then taken away by Degrees,

I

I

.

r'

AND1

appen that the Weather continues freezing in the Day

time, lee the Covering continue, eveny

for three or Day3an

J

the Midft of the Day, if the Weather is any in agreeable7

them for three or four Hours, and then cover them uf

as efore

when the Weather don't freeze in the Day-timey

Open

open

But

them

about an Hour after Sun^rifing, and cover them up about the fame Time

before it f<

\

<

L

IF the Seafon proves dry^ and the Eafterly Winds blow very frefii

_ J

for

>

abfolutely neceffary the Bloflbms of your Fruic-T3

thofe Winds being of a very exhaling Nature, exhale away the Moifture

from the young 1j "^fcatcrfor than their K are a to

communicate it, the Heat of the Seafon being infufficicnc to rarify the Sap

thin gh for a Succeffion j and thereby the Fruits are ftarved for

want of proper Nourirtiment

/

BUT thefe Waterings muft be carefully performed, that the Water

may not fall on the Bloflbms with fuch Force as to bruife or beat them

from the Branches : Therefore if with a Hand-Engine the Water be firft

forced into the Air, it will be there feparated^ and fall down like Rain.

The beft Time for this Work, is the Morning about Ten or Eleven,

becaufc, being water'd early, they will be dry again before the Evening

comes on>which, 1 it happens to prove inclinable to Froft, wi not

have fuch an ill Effed on them, as when wet.

THE feveral Kinds of Infers which are feen to deftroy the Leaves

of Fruits, may very reafonably come with the Eaftern Winds 3 or the

Eaftern Winds may hatch their Egg &^ Mr. Bradley and others

imag But I could never yet find that any Method would deftroy>

or

/

*



I

s.

1

1^ M N A: Or?

/

r

or keep them from Fruit-Trees, but frequent Waterings, which never

yet have been known to fail.

'TIS obfervable that thefe Infeds ntvef conoje in great Plenty, ut

when the Spring is very dry3an even theii when the Weather changes

to Rain, and becomes very wet, they inftantly periflh.

\

r

THEREFORE fince Nature has taught us a fure Method of de

ftroying thofe Vermine, we have nothing more to do than to kee our

Fruit-Trees in a continual fupple State, by early and frequent Waterings

in dry Seafons, when thofe rnfc(5ts moftly rage. But it is abfolutely ne-

ceffary to begin thefe Waterings before the Leaves are infefted by them,

fince it is a Refrefhment, and the Trouble very inconfiderable.

AM not infenfibl that many Card wi emn thel e

Praa5becaufe the fmall Trouble of Coverings, Openings, and Wa

X

terings, may perhaps be more than they care for but however, fince

that after a great Expence and Ion

reaping the Fruits of our Labours, ^

abfolute Command on the Gardenei

without, and the Trouble very tt\

y

e

Time waiting, we are defirous of

: fhould never be fhort of layin

fince the Succefs is very precarious

as before obfcrv'd.

\

/

BUTto return from this Digreflion. It appears by what is before

of the Eaftern Winds, that the Fruit-Trees

of Soils which are of very raoift flrong Natures, can better difpenfe

faid of the exhaling Nature

with thofe great Exhalations, than thofe growing in Soils that are na-

turally hot and dry 3 for the moid Lands can more ftrongly fupport the

young Fruits with Moifture, than thofe that are lefs furnifli'd therewith.

But this does only happen when the Spring proves dry, becaufe when

there are Rains fufficient to fupport the Perfpiration of Plants in light

dry Soils, then the Moifture in moift ftrong Landsis

in too great a

Quantity, and the Trees being faturated and clogg'd therewith, for want

fufficient Heat to exhale and perfpire it away, become immature and

barren, by the over and-above Crudities contain^'d therein.

NOW hence 'tis very probable, that Kent^ whofe Soil is na-

turally very moift, produces greater Crops of Cherries in dry Summers,

than in wet ones : & contra.

•

THE/

\



The Frui t-G a R D EN Ilhifirated. 71

THE Gardens about Tnsokkenham, IJleôrth, &c. in MiddlefetC,

whofe Soils are naturally drier than thofe of Kejit^ have the bcft

in wet Summers.

Crops

ORCHARDS growing on the South Sides of Rivers, imbibe reaC

Quantities of Moifture at their Bloflbms and Leaves, as 'tis exhaled away

by the Sun 5 for the Trees being fituate between the River ar

1mbibes the humid Steams as e

happens but in dry Seafc

Trees imbibe very Iittl(

Moifture of the Seafon

5becauie

pa

when Seaf(

them

d the Sun

But this never

are very wet. Fruit}

)fcarcely any, being nearly faturate with

THUS much for Frofts)

Eafter Winds

w return to our Fruits, which we u

which alway happJ

1 we are

and Infcdts. Now wc

to have plenty of, and

(Tonis

PP

ireful to fupply the o

d Leaves thereof, with fuch Refrediings of Water as the Soil and Seafc

require

OUR Fruits being plentifully fet, we muft be very watchful

in covering thern from Froft when fccm to offer jand

diligent

therefore the beft Method is to keep the Covering rowl'd up, on or near

the Top of the Wall

I had Apricots above

>readinefs to lefdow as Occafi

third grown>and well

7

on may require,

d with Leaves,

:. * which, hadkiird in great Quantities in the Beginning of May ^

I fortunately cover'd, would have been preferv'd, to my very great Ad

git

o

I F our Apricots and Peaches are very

her Burde

Apricots^

>

7theref< about

wc muft eafc Natu

End of yfor/7, we may thin

d in the firft Week of May our Peaches, leaving them

about two Inches apart the leaft. But Plumbs fcldom thinn*d>

but a reafonable Subtradion muft certainly improve the Remainders

which may be at the aforefaid Diftance.

IT obfervable that Peaches, Plumbs, Apricots, &c. grow very little

from about the 20th Day of May, to the like Tin:ie in June, Nature

1

being

^

i



t

•^

K

M N A: Or?

"

being then wholly employed in preparing and perfecting their internal

Parts, Wz. their Kernels, Stones, &c, with proper Veflels fit for the Re-

ception of future Nourifhment, in fuch Quantity^ and with fuch Force

as to ftrongly feed and dilate their exterior Coats or Pulps, until, fully

grown;

\

NOW whilfl: this great Operation of Nature is performing,

always feen that great Quantityof

Fruitdrops, altho' largely grown

Of this all our late Authors on Cardenin

adviie, that the thinnin of

take Notice, and therefore

Fruits be omitted, until it appears that this

great Fall is over 5' but not one of them has

Rules for their Prefervation.

yet attempted to deliver

r

THE meaneft Capacity living may very eafily believe, that if all

the Fruits on a Tree were in perfed Healthy it would be impoffible for

them to fall in a fliriverd decayed Condition, as they are obferv'd to

3and therefore 'tis evident, that their Fall is caufed by fome Decay oro

Wcaknefs of Nature 3 which laft of the two feems the moft probable.

t

r

FOR fince that Nature requires Moifture, for daily Perfo>

well as to incorporate the watery fupple Sub/1; o>

Stones, &i tis very to conceive, that

exhales

the Kernel

dry Weather

away Moifture which is neceflary for thofe Formati

ens>

the Work wi be imiperfei5t and

perifh

fequently the Fruits muft

t

-

THE firft Idea of this wonderful Work of Nature, was communicated

to me the Honourable Mr. JBrmc. who at the fame Time in

formed me of feveral Experiments which he had made for their Prefer

vation, and found that the moft fuccefsful one. was, To preferve themor in

om the very hot Sun, from ten in the Morning until two

the Afternoon3 which he did with the fame Coverinps of Sail-Cloth

that were ufed in the Spring, to preferve their Bloflbms from Frofts, &iThis I have alfo experienc'd with great Succefs, and do therefore recom

mend it to the Pradice of the Diligent and Curious 3 for tho' the La

bour litd yet Rccomp vaftly great

i

i

i

r

1

i

N. B. 'TISI



The Fruit-Garden lUuftrated.

'•

- 1

79

N. B. 'TIS very ferviceabh to ghe the Trees a gentle Refrepitig

of Watery at the Time you legln to fcreen them from the Sun^

which they willfreely imlihe^ and 'very much firengthe72s Nature in

her ^roduîions.

ABOUT the 20th of ûne this Work is over, and as then the

Fruits arc beginnins to fwell away or ripen 1n > we fliould now th/

them for good, taking away the lead, promifing ones, and preferving

the beft

THE MafcuHne Apricot fliould be left at or about the Diftances

, which is two Inches and a quarterj

hat B C, Fig. IV. "Plate XV. are

a larper

mut the Turkey Apricots mud have a larger Diftance, as bein

Fruit, and therefore we muft allow them three Inches, as the Diftance A Bj

and the Roman Apricot,' whofe Magnitude is a Mean between the

two other Extremes, ftiould be left at about two Inches and' threei

i

quarters

I

AND as Apricots differ in their Magnitudes, and therefore require

more or lefs Roofti fbr"**cr/p do Peach likewi e fmall

Kinds may be left at two Inches apart 5 thofe of a middling Growthw

at four Inches 5 and our.

very beft and largeft not nearer than fix

Inches* _

SOME Kind of Pearsy

as e

are

to prodti

Green-Chizet^ Summer'Bergamoty

ce their Fruits in Clufters ^ but theyare very a

much the beft when each Clufter is reduced to two Pears

cepting when the Clufters are very in

the Tree 5 and at fuch Times they may e left in g

diftributed on

eater Numbef*

as three, four, &Tree.

ding to Difta>and Streng o the

BUT where there is a full Crop, 'tis beft

double at moft.

lemJor

i!

J

BY feveral Proofs of the preceding Chapter•>

•tis that

the Leaves of Fruit-Trees are vaftly ferviceable in drawing up Nou-

lifliment

y -*

1



:

%'

8o#

M O N A: OrJ

I

rifhment to Fruits as they advance in Growth)

as we as

them in a fuppl duA State3

and

Veffel

efendin them

keepin

rying Winds, which contrad and hard

rom th

Fibres, <

and thereby fpoil their Growth

Sun

Sap'

3

1

BUT when Fruits are almoft fully grown, a little more Sun\

eflaiy3

tor

ripe their J

therefore^ we

Sun.

muft then

give them their beautiful Colours

Deg let in e

5 and

ial Heat of the

IS

which

Lpable

wi ri

to

pen

produce.

them in the ateft Perfection that the Seafon

\ <

K. B. ^HAT *tis htter to tie lack the Leaves with Bafs-maty which

before the Fruits, than to cut them awayy

hut will

not allow ity he fure to preferve thofe at the End of the Shoots

that their necejfary Jttraîons and êrfpirattons may not

tarded, and thereby the Fruits render d. injipid hy the Crudities

e re

contained in them^ thatjhould have heen perjpird away at their

excretory ûlts'

N

I . *

r

!

*

^-^ -^4

f-

c

f

1

J*^>

\

y

-^^.

*#'

H

^

I

V!

\

\

\

\

i

\

\I

I

\

''fW^'.ft



\

The Fru IT-G A RD EN

V

!

JUufirated.'

8i

^'

Ki

H?

XIV.

Of the Manner of gathering Frv it s, and Tre/ervins

^ê;;/ ^/^^r Gathering.

f-^

NOTWITHSTANDING that we have ftiialy follow'd

all the preceding Diredtions, and got great Quantities of fine

Fruits yet 1 we don't know when to gather them, 'tis very

probable that we may'nt have any worth our Eating 5 for when Fruits

g notre gathered bef©re they are ripe, their Juices are crude, and bein

f^Sdly grown^ they immediately fhrivel, and become toug And on

the other Hand, when Fruits hang on the Trees a longer Time than their

Juices are ripen'd, their Juices are immediately prefpired or exhaled away.

and the

\ CHERRIES are fit to be gather'd when they are become a very

deep blackyand indeed, i ey have a ee rying Air, cannot be too

much ripen d. They are beft being eaten from ^the ^Trees, after a

Shower of Rain 3 but mofl: commonly out of Spring Water after Dinner.

The bell Time to gather them is che Morning, when the Crudities of

the Dew are evaporated, before the Heat of the Day comes on.

t i_^. ^-Jh V ' m

ATRICO TSy n)}%. the MafcuUne, Romany Turkey, and Bruxels

are varioufly eaten5fome delighting to eat them when crifp, others

when mellow, or a little foft, but not mealy 5 which laft, in my

humble Opinion, is the bed, becaufe that then all the Juices are in their

utmoft Perfection, which in the others are crude and immature. —

SOME delight to eat them from the Tree, and indeed the Bruxel is

beft when fo eaten 5 others not until the next Day after gathering, which

o



^

82 # O M O N Or>

o the two feems to be the beft, being gather'd in the Cool ofthe

Evening, and laid fingly on dry Vine Leaves

t

J t-1 *

PLUMBS, bein

they will fall an

next in Order^ fliould hang on the Trees until

afy Touch of the Finger 5 but when they drop

off themfelves, they are generally too ripei

and their Taftes become

fipid

• ^^

#M

r

^:

• *V

BUT there are fome Sorts of Plumbs which fiiould remain on the

Trees until they begin to flirivel, and thofe are t\\^ êen-Mother^Tyrab"

dor^ and Imparatrke, which are then equal to any Fruit whatfoever.

PLUMBS fhould be gather'd in the Morning, when the Dew is

and as they in general have a beautiful

Fing

off, before the Heat comes

Flew on their Surfaces, we fhould ather them with a ngle

and Thumb only, laying them in Nettles, when we intend to keep them

a Day or two after gathering.!

i%

FIGS are fit to gather when Drops appear their Eyes)

when

they become very foft and {hrivel'd about their Stalks, fo as to hang al

mod pendant In fliort, if Fig have a free drying Air, they

y them on theire too ripe in our Climate. When you gather Tigs, J

Sides, on dry Vine Leaves 5 and in like Manner when ferv'd up for the

Table. . .

*

k

*

t

\

-M •

REACHES fhould be gather'd when they part from the Tree by

a gentle Touch, and are beft a Day or two after being gather'd. They

muft be laid fingle on Vine Leaves, on their Stalk-End or Bottoms,w

becaufe when they are laid on their Sides, they inftantly grow rotten.i

1

GRATES czxiwot be too well ripen d, and therefore the longer

they hang, fo that they are not fhriverd or mouldy, better All

White Grapes are generally e whe they are tranlp3and ting'd

with a faint Amber Colour next the Sun

TO pref<

X

Grap a long while a npe ris ufual to tie up

every Bunch in Paper Bags, dipped in fweet Oil, juft before they

fully ripen'd5 others gather them at that Time, d feahng up their End

wi

t

1

Ii

I



I

The Fr u I T -G A R p E N lUujlrated.

with Wax, hang them fingly in a warm Room, which will preferv

them a long while : But the very beft Method that I could ever difcove

was to gather them when nearly ripe, in a very dry Day, clofin

Orifices of their Stalks with Wax : and then after havir

u e

Space of

g hung about th

M

Juices,

to han

I put

Day, to perfpire away what Crudities they had in

each Bunch in a glazed Earthen Veffel, in fuch Man

eir

within Side, without touchin any Part thereof 5 and having

before prepared a fufficient Quantity of Sand well dried, I fiird u each

s Pot therewith ? and then 'With wooden Covers to their Tops, fcal'd

them down, lb as to let no Air or Moifture in. Then placing my P^

in a warm Cellar, I kept them till my Occafion recjuir'd me to u

Fruits, which was about three Months after their natural Seafon.

"'tis my real Opinion, that not only thefe Sorts of Fruits, bur Peaches

Apricots^ Plumbs, ^r. may,

>

the fame Method, be kept many

Months beyond their common Time.

WHEN I pour'd away the Sand from the Bunches, I dipped them

in clean Water, made Milk-warm, which wafhed off the Grit o

Sand, and caufed a Kind of a Flew to fucceed.

the

i

V#

SUMMER'Tears (like moft other Summer Fruits) are in greateft

Perfe(ftion ree bv a gentle Touch 5 but thofe

that fall of themfelves are generally mealy.

wiAND fome Autumn Fruits are to be eaten in like manner, which

not keep a long while aftet gathering, and fuch are. the BureeSy

Monjieur Johriy^ &c.'T

-V

BOTH Autumn and Winter Fruits muft not be gather'd until you

fee them begin to drop ofF themfelves, for then you may aOu your

felf that Nature has performed her Part very rudent to lay

clean Wheat Straw under our Wall-Trees 3and indeed Efpaliers, Dwarfs,

the Kinds are good, to preferve thefirft per-

and Standards alfc wh;

fed Fruits from being bruifed

AND be fure that you gather in your Winter Fruits before the Fr^fts

come on, and that they are perfedly dry, an free from Bruifes The

beft Method of forting Fruits, at gathering, uking the beft firft, the

the

^

»

t



\

I

ff.

M N OrV

?I

A.*-!.

^

the next beft, and laftly the fmall ones. This Method preferves"them

from thofe BruifesJwhich

5

cannot be avoided^ when the feveral Sizes oT

Fruits are gather'd together, and afterwards tumbled about in forting.

V

L

rI

THE clofer that Autumn arid Winter Fruits are kept from the Ad the lefs difturb'd in

y

e

bei

eping e long an b wi

ng warmkeep

>

again5

the firft

free from Vermine, which we mufl: carefully guard.

keepin the Windows clofe>

with fweet Wheat Straw 3 and the latter with Traps^ Cats,

&

g thick

THE feveral Kinds of Fruits ware in eral of the befl: Sorts And

follow in the enfuing Chapters,

Itho' I h

Fruit, the Day on which "'twas ripe this Year

placed to every

727. yet it is not to e

expeded tW every Year hereafter will produce them at the fame Time

I have already proved that the different Nature of Soils alters the Good

nefs of Fruits, and therefore the fame is to be underftood in the Scafons

of Ripening and Duration : For as thofe Fruits which grow on the

Tops of Trees are fooner ripe than the others nearer to the Roots, they

are Fruits muchaving lefs Nourifiiment communicated to them

forwarder in dry, fandy, gravelly Soils, which have much lefs Plenty of

For

ivracurity of Fruits

Moifture, than Lands that are more plentifully ftored therewith

tho' Moifture promotes Growth^ yet k retards ch

and 'tis therefore that the Opening of the Roots of Fruit-Trees in moift

Land caufes their Fruits to be confiderably forwardere '*

AND fince that the different Natures of Soils caufe Fruits to ripen

fooner in one Place than another, 'tis therefore that fome Peoples Winter

Fruits, as Pears, &c. are ripe and gone before their Neighbours

fcarcely eatable.

are

Jt #^-

/

s>I.

fv

A p.



»

TLve F R u I T-G A R t)'E N lUujiratel

~i

t.^h

/

fiij.

* «

Of

w k1- '

H

HI

f

XV.

R

1

HERRIES produce their Fruits, either on the lateral Snags

. or on the lad Year'sf the two and three, &c. Years Wood

Wood only,,as the early May^ and Morella Cherries

7and

their yearly Sh9ots fliould not be topp or prun

Fig, II. "Plate XVL which is the laft Year's Shoot of e

For by

Morella

Cherryy

It aPP

ears that moft of the Jruits are produced at the End of

the Shoot which would have been cut away, had that Shoot been prun'd

at the End, as is ufual.

y,^jiv>

« V

THE that tliat Wood which

produces Fruit this Year^ is always barren after, excepting nowând-tlien

forae few Fiddes or Spurs, fuch as d i, {Fig. III. Plate IV.) where A B

is Part of the laft Year's Shoots, with its Buds fwelling for Bloffonij

and B C the barren Wood of two Year's old.''

NOW feeing that the yearly Shoots become barren after once bearing

we are thereby taught the Neceffity of preferving new Wood every Year

all the Parts of our Trees, for a Succeffion For when Care is

not taken our Trees produce their Fruits in their extreme Parts only, and

their interior Parts are wholly barren

r

THE Morella Cherry, when well ripen'd, is an excell Fruit tor

the Table, as well as for Preferving, and is a very great Bearer

Z THE



85 O M N A: Or ^^

i

THE fmall May-Cherryy {Fig. 11. "Plate XVII.) produces its

we muruits in the fame Manner as the preceding, and therefore

the like Manner preferve the yearly Shoots to fucceed thofe which produce

Fruits the fame Year : But fometimes the Wood of two Years old, pro-

duces Fiddes or Spurs, which bring good Fruits, (as d d d^ &^

Plate IV.) the two Years Wood of the May-Cherry.

Fig.Y

1

%\

r

THE yearly Shoots of this Cherry have their Buds very nearly fet

together, zs d d d, &c. reprefented in Fig. IV. of the fame Plate, and

therefore produce great Quantities of Fruits, \

i

v

THE HolmanS'fDuh, {FigA. Plate XVH.) is an excellent Fruit,

and great Bearer, as may be feen by the BloiTom^Buds dddy &c. {FigAll.

Plate ly.) which are fituate on the two Years Wood B C, near to

whence the laft Year's Shoot A B was produced. The Buds hbh^ &c.

are Leaf-BudsJ

whiic

they are produced

prepare themfelves in the firft Year after

)to bear Fruits in the fecond : And the like of the

White znABJackHeart, {Fig. lY,Y.Plate XVIII.) whofe feveral Branches

and Buds are in the fame Manner exhibited in Plate IV- Fig. I and II.

1 '

THE Carnation-Cherry, (Fig.UL PlateXVL) in good Land, is an ex

cellent fine large firm pulped Fruic, comes late, and is better from a Standard

than againft a Wall. If *tis well ordered it produces a good Crop, for

it naturallyproduces much BlofTom, as may be feen by the Buds Fig. II

and IV. Plate V. where the BlofTom Buds d d dy &c. Fig. IV. are but

preparing themfelves for . opening : But thofe of Fig. ll.hhhy &c. are

greatly expanded, even almoft into Bloflbm.

-»

*

THE Corone, Gafcoigne,

duc'd on Fiddes or

Explanation.

of the

Bleeding-Heart-CherrieSy being pro

two Years Wood need no further

/

^''-r

THERE are many other Kinds of Cherries that are very good.

the Luke^wardy Morifco, & which I could

and therefore omit their Defcriptions until

with their true Reprefentations and Qualities.

procure Sealbn,

can gratify the Curious

\

N. B. THJT•

»

(

f



The F R u I t-G A R D E N lUufirated.

N. B. THAT the Leaves of the feveral Fmts reprefented in this

Wori, are exa6iJy after Nature itfelf hing the r6al Inipref'

Jions printed from the Bad of every Leaf nsjhen they nsjeitejirfi

taken from their rejpeifive TreeSi

^ '

_m- -'

_ • •

THE feveral Fruits ari aljo as hccurately delineated^ which

performed, hy cutting them exaBly thro' from their Vertexes^ per^

pendicuJarly to their Bafes 3 and then laying their S€£tions on

Papery I truly traced their Oui-lines^ hy the extreme ârts of their

SeSiionSy and afterwards Jhadowd them as herein exhibitedj fo

that I can jufily fay, they are a perfe£i and exa£i Geometrical

Reprefefitation of Nature*

/

/

f"

V X

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>

••

88rv

i MO N TOrJ

-

J>

^« «

' 4 X

\

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».- 1

t,

H

I

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-

f-

\.XVL \l

'^

4- it

^^»

-

Of

X1 .

TRICOTS, AbrlcotSy g iproduce Fruits pn the

laft Year's Shoots, and therefore we muft always take care toi

preferve young Wood for a Succeffion, that when we are ob-

lig'd to cut out that which is barren, we may fupply the Stead with that

as IS fruitfi But all the Fruits are not produc'd on the extreme, or laft

Year's Shoots, becaufe the Wood of two Years old does generally produce

fmall fruitful Branches, 2is bhd. FigA. and mnho, Fig. IL "Plate XIX.

which likewife produce good Fruits.-^

i -

THE fmall lateral Branches are oftentimes naiFd in at full Len1

2is cnh 0, Fig. IL but they produce better Fruits when>

as hh Fig. I

cy are prunedJ

THE firft ripe Apricots are produc'd at the Joint, between the firft

and fecond Year's Wood, (as at B, Fig. III. 'Plate VIII and IX.) where

you fee thofe Bloflbms are fully blown^ whilft the others above, ^t ccc

are not half f( much expanded, becaufe they receive lelTer and later

Nourifhment from the Roots than thofe at B 5 and in like manner thofe

atdSd, lefs and later than thofe at r (t r 3 and therefore it is that we are

wereurnifh'd with feveral Crops, whereby they continue much longer, than

they to ripen all together at one Time : But 'tis always found that the firft

Crop is the beft.

"V

THE Mafculine Jpricot, {Fig. I. ¥late XV.) is firft that is

e d when 'tis difcretionally thin'dp

the Notice of the moft Curious

3timely gather'd, is worth

3 but when they are fufFer'd row

m*



If

I

ê FrUIT-G AR DfeN lUuftratel

in great Quantities, and gathered before or a

worth nothin

r they ijpe, they

89

THE next Apricot irt Order of Ripening is the Roman Jpricot,

(Fig,BCDEyTlate XV.) which is a very great Bearer, and pleafant juicy

Fruit gather'd before 'tis mealy to

Apricot^ which, of the two,

Sorts

much the beft Fruit

is the true Orange

But the very beft

3

Apricot

the Turkey, Bruxeh Or Breday commonly called the Brujfeh

THE Turkey Apricot^ {Fig, II. 91ate XV.) is an excellent, fine

beautiful, pleafant-tafted Fruit, but is generally a bad Bearer when

\ over-loaded with Branches, accordi7

ing CO the common Method

of nailing theni. But on the contrary, when laid at the Length oF

their Leaves, as before directed, 'tis a Fruit that*

after the others, and continues fome Time.

npens bout a Month

THE Bruxel Apricot^ {Fig, III.) is a npe about this Time, an

beft on a Standard 5 'tis a very great Bearer, and the very beft of all the

feveral Kinds of Apricots, its Pulp being always firm, with a fine brisk

high-flavour'd Juice. 'Tis beft propagated on the Mufcle-Plumb Stock,

either b^t^Gra

Situation.

Inoculation. delights warm Soil ancJ' >^

3^

t

'

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t^

«

-

a

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po

\

M N A: Or7

y

H XVII.

/

Of u M I

i

LUMB S produce their Fruits on the lafl: Year's Branches

as well as on fmall lateral Snubs,

3

2iS a a dj &c. on the two

Years Wood, Fig. IV. "Plate XIX.

THE Bloflbm-Buds of

*

as well as of Reaches and Jprtcots>

are double, as c c, &c. and therefore eafily diftinguifli'd from Leaf-Buds,

are fingle, as i ^, &c. Fig. III. ^late XIX.

/

\

WHEN the kfl: Years Shoots have lateral Shoots, as I H K, FigAll

neceflary to reduce them within an Inch, or an Inch

are very fliort.

'tisP/ate XIX.

and half of the grand Sh h k 5 but thofe that

H, may be left unpruned

/

1

THERE are a very great Variety of Plumbs, of which ome areI

very good, and o very bad"> which lafl: bein worthy of our

Notice, I ftiall therefore only have regard to thofe that are valuabl

THE. firft ripe is the Jean-hative^ White

r

^rimordian or London

Tlumh^ {Fig, I. ^late XX.) which is of a fine clear yellow.

white Flew)

with

a great Bearer, and pleafant Juice, xifcjme^y 1727

Fig.

a

as mut oftentimes when this Fruit is unskilfully pruned

"Plate XXI,XXII. where the Shoots A B being prun'd at Bloffom-Buds, and

their Fruits thereby left deftitute of Leaves which caufed them, are feldom

worth our Notice 3 for altho' they are within the Power of Attraction,

and fupplicd with the Juices that are attraded up by the Branch C D,

yet for want of Leaves they cannot fo well perfpire away the Crudities

of



i-

The Fruit-Garden lUuftrated.

1

of the Nourifliment they imbibe,and are thereby rendcr'd imperfed

:

g expofed to the Sun and Air, their Sap-Veffels are therebyefides, bein

dried upJand con equ^n cannot receive Nouriniment in fo great a

Quantity, as when in a fupple duftile State.

THE Red Trmordian {FigAL TlateXX.) differs very little frodi

the preceding, except in Colour, which is a dark Red, covered with a

Violet FleWj and the Manner of producing its Fruits, which are ge-

nerally in Clufters, (as Fig, HI. ¥late XXI and XXII.) Tis a very

pleafant-tafted. Fruit when well ripen d, and not too great a Number

upon the Tree : It ripens about three Weeks after the Jean-hathey viz h

une I.

THE Morocco "Plumh, {Fig. Ill "Plate X^^ IS idne PlumbyO vety

dark blackifh Blue, covered with a light Violet Flew, a goo

Bearer, and ripens about JuJy 14, 1727- on an Eaft-Wall.

91

_«*

THE Orleans ^hmb, {Fig. W. 9 late XX.) o common, yet i,

very valuable Plumb>

well for its ne rm juicy Pulp when we

ripen'd, as

reddifti Bl

being a conftant and plentiful Bearer Tis of plealant

3next the Sun, and a yellowifh Green ]n its oppofite Parts

)

the P Pthe Stone

!

^

t

!

}

1

N. B. TBEIR common Magnitudes are generally as targe as

prick'i Line A B, reprefented in Plate XX. Ripe 7^74

South'WeJi Wall.«p

%

THE Fatheringh

called the Sheen

Sir William Tempi

Foderingham ^hmb, {Fig. "Vt. ^hte tt.} alf(

in refpe6t to its be a fa Plumb to

Pulp very firm and crifp, full of

who liv d ac Sheen nesit Richmond in Surry?hath

a cellent rich J )

from the Stone Next the Sun 'tis a dark but a pleafant Red,

and comes

a little

fpotted, and coyer'd with a very thin light Violet Flew

ITS Skin fomething hard, when Seafons are Wet and ColdJan

at fuch Times 'tis very

Tis an excellent Fruit

to pen at its Bloffom-End, before ripe

;

!

«:

gainft a South-Eaft Wall, but very indifferent

when a Standard or Efpalier : Ripe July i 7^7 South-Eaft Wa• THE

•

'

V^

.<



I

i

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«I

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O M O N A: Or-f

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'^

a»'

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«

THE ImpertaJy {Fig. V- 3^/^^^ XX.) or Red Bonum Magnum^

beautiful but fomething coarfe Plumb, when eaten raw 5 and therefi

IS a

tis oftner ufed Baking Preferving5 & an IS much

efteem'd, by the Curious: Ripe July 15. North-Weft Wall

i

THE Violet Tluml {Fig, VII.) an old but valuable Plumb, either

for the Table or Tarts : The Pulp is of a greenifh Yellow, cover'd

with a deep blue Skin, with a moft pleafant Violet Flew 3 'tis a great

Bearer, and worth the Notice of the moft Curious : Ripe July \ 5,1727.

Weft Wall.

THE Royal (or Sir Charles Worfleys) Fig. VIII. Tlate XX.)

fo called in refpeft to its very rich fugar'd juicy Pulp, which eaves

to the Stone, and is covered with a light Red about the Bloffom-End\

with faint red Specks from the fame.

>

endiin Tis

beft in warm moift Lands, bein fubjecft

I

in a yellowifli Green :

to rot upon the Tree before

ripe in wet Lands, and-Iofes very much of its fine^ rich5

aci

plavour. 'Tis a good BearerJand may e juftly plac'd in the firft

-.;

Rank of Plumbs : Ripe July 20, 1727. South-Êaft Wall.

THE Blue or Violet Terdrigon, (Fi£. IV ^7^f^ XXIIL) is an ex-

cellent Plumb 5 its Pulp richly fugar'd, and covered with a fine Violet

Flew, fomething yellowifli with T good Bearer, and one of the

very beft in England : Ripe July 2 o. Weft Wall

THE White "Perdrigon {Fig. V. flate XXIII.) is a yellowifli Plumb

fometimes fpotted with reddifh

>

Jd with a white Flew Its

Pulp ii

it, and

yellow within^ very fweet, with a pleafant Acidity attending

often fomething bitterifli.

•

comes from the Stone, but the Sk

Tis a good Bearer : Ripe Jugufi i . Weft Wall' '

' ^

A.

THE Mml 'Perdrigm (Fig. Ill, <Plate XXIII.) is an excellentI

,full of a rich

Plumb 5 its Pulp comes from the Stone

gar'd

very firm

y

Ripe July 1 o. Weft Wall

d with an almoft black Skin, and fine Violet Flew^.

THE

1

I

5>

^'

•< V



4i

s.

f

The Fru IT-G ARD.e *i

FX

E NT

%

JUuflrated,vt^\

m

n

f-

THE &r«9 Terdugon, {Fig. L P//jf^ XXIII.) is a moft beautiful

Fru>

d with a Cnmfon Red and aint Pearl-colour'd

1

when well ripen'd, its J

fomething harfli and acid

>

are \

Rip u

ery agreeable, which othcrwifc

ao, Weft Wall.

4

-

t

I

THE Chejton 9lumh, Fig. IL "Plate XXIII.) is a moft delicious rich

Fruit d therefore ' defc a South Eaft Wall 5 its Colour IS a deep

dndigo, covered with a fine Violet Flew ': Tis a good Bearer, at

fore no Gentleman that delights in thefe Fruits fliould be without

Klpc July 15. Weft Wallr i

\

/r

THE Maitre Claude, iFtg, YL "Plate Villi) i§* another excellent

Plumb, full of a fine rich Juice, and a firm Pulp, which comes from

the Stone, and cover'd with eautiful Mixture of Red and Yellow

Ripe 7u ^3 South-Eaft Wall.

«* „i> ^'

THE Reme Claudia, ot êen Claude, {Fig, VIH. "Pê XXIIf.) is

an excellent Plumb, yellow next the Suti when ripe

Pearl-

>and covered with a

very firm^ comes

fi-om the Stone, and is very

Bearer : Ripe Jugujl S'. Weft Wall.

uice,*a good

* J

k

\

THE White Mirahle, (Fig. VH. Îqte XXIII.) is a fmall Amber-

colour'd Plumb, and a great Bearer 5 its Pulp cornes from the^ Stone>

and is vaftly rich, with a fine delicious fugar'd Juice. The Fruits are

very richly fugar'd, even when produc d on Standards, or Dwarfs, Biit

much finer againft an Eaft or South-Eaft Wall : Ripe ûly zo, i/z/

from a Standard.

^^_*

>

I

f

i

r

i

»i

THE White Matchlefs, {Fig. I Plate XXIV.) is a beautiful Fruit,

of a yellow Colour, d with a white rl When this

Fruit is well ripen d, us an excellent Plumb, but if eaten beforejis ripe,

the Pulp is fgrnething harfli and acid

Rive July 14, 17^7' Weft Wall

5tis a tolerable good Bearer

[j;^^^^^Mr-

THE

f

^



/

94 M N A: OrI

J%

f

i

r

THE Black âmojine^ {Fig. IJ. Îate XXIV,) is a very pleafant

d Pli^pb, upon its Ripening, but afterwards more fugar'd 5 its Pulp

comes from the StoneVfc

?

a blackifii Blue

greenifh Yellow within, vpry deep or rather

>d with a fine Viokt Flew

3

3 '

tis a

Bearer : Ripe July 25^ 17x7. Eaft Wall

very o6d

-,

1/

THE ên Mother, {pig. Ill TlmXXlV.) h an excellent Fruit

when fully ripen d fo as to be a little fhrivel'd on the Tree 5 its rich Pulp

is yellowy within, comes from the Stone whichr

very fmall in Prop

tion to the Whole 5 next the Sun is a dark Red, which lofes its felf with

a few red3

in a dark Yellow Tfome wet Soils 'tis very fubje^t

a very good Bearer but in

Augufl 12J 727. South Wall

to be Maggot-eaten within-fide Ripe

*>

,

THE Green Gage, {Fig. IV. 'Plate XXIV.) is another of the

beft Plunmbs ; its Pulp is

Stone

g yr

very

ichly fugar'd, and comes from the

3ys cover'd with a greenifh yellow Skiri wh

^when ripe

a little Blufh of red Spots next the Sun, with a very pale Flew

^^^. ^^^ ^^^^^ Mother^ is very fubjed to Worms or

> 1

>

hati

Th

Maggots in wet

Seafbns : 'Tis a gve^t êc^ret xK^xett vrcii pruned, and is an excellent Fruit

even on Dwarfs or Efpaliers, but much better againft a South-Eaft WallRipe 'July 727. Eaft Wall

x

THE prab-ôr, ot Cloth of Gold, {Fig. V. 'Plate XXIV.)

>

1

mofl valuably; Plutrib

within, and comes clean from the Stone

oth'er

"bellow, fpeck'd with Red, and

its Pulp is richly fugar'd when fnlljr ripe, yellow

Out'fide is a deep beautiful

î

d with

Flew very great Bearer : Ripe July 20. Weft Wall

very light Pearl-colour'd

-X'

r

J THE. St. Catherine {Fig. IV. Plate

XXIV.)when difcretionally thin'd on the Tree, it being naturally a veryPlumb,

great Bearer: The Pulp is. very , fir;n and fw

cleaves to the Stone

\ whitifli Flew.

is an excellent good

)yellow ithin^ but

3 Qut-fide 15, an Ambcr-colour, cover'd withX

rated

IN a wet Seafon 'tis fubjed to Worms' -

:i

*

the Crudities of the Sap, r want

which I believe to be g

of Perfpiration3becaufe

whenI

(



i

The Vkt IT-G ARDEN^1 .

Illufiratedinm

when they are kept thin in wet Seafons, they are not fo much afFeifled

therewith KifcJugT4jl 12, 1727. Eaft Wall.

..>

THE Tellow îap 2>iap d "PIurnb, (Fig:IV. 9hu xxir.)

is a fmall but very good Fruit 5 its Pulp is a beautiful YelloW with

f

7

and without, and comes 'from the Ston

ather'd, being fomething mealy when kept a

RTpe* Jugufl '6;\7i7, Eaft Wall

ftiuft be eaten as on as

Day two afterwards

'9«

THE Turkey Tlumb, Tlate XXV.) is a large beautiful

Fruit 5 fts Pulp is of ia greenifli Yellow within, very fweet, and cover'

with a pleafant blackifli Red when ripe : 'Tis a tolerable good Bearer

Ripe^^f/y 20, 1727. South Wall.

THE Mogul 'Plumh or White B. Mag>

{Fig nTlate XXV.) alfo called the White Holland, or "Dutch Tluml, an ex

cellent Fruit for Baking or Preferving ^ when 'tis ripe its

yellow within,

Pulp is very

well as without, and cover'd with a fine white Flew

The Pulp flicks to the Stone, hath a fine fliarp Acid when ripeJ

very good Bearer, and a beaiftiful'tr lîi^crJtÛji 20, 1717

tis 1

South

Eaft Wall

A

i

THE Wentwrth flumh, Fig. IV. Tlate XXV.) fo called from its

being firft planted in the Gardens of the Right Honourable the Elrl of

Strafford at Tkoichnham : Its Form, Colour, and Tafte, are exacfbly

I

Its Form, Colour, and Tafte, are

the ?ame as the Mogule 5 but as the Mog^h cleaves to the Stone, this

parts freely from it, and therefore it is looked upon to be the very beft

Plumb in England for Preferving 3 'tis a good Bearer : Ripe Augujl

727. South-Eaft Wall.

20;

/

THE Imperatrke, {Fig. HI. 'Plate XXV. called by fome th late

Violet?

Blue êrdrigon) is a moft delicious Fruit when fufFer'd to

hang on the Tree until 'tis a little ftiriverd>

Pulp is a greenifli Yellow

within, vaftly rich, with a fine fugar'd Acid, and cleaves to the Stone

The Oot.fidc is a blackifli Red, cover'd with a fine Violet Flew7

tis

good Bearer : Ripe September 10, 727. South-Eaft Wall

THE



96t\ M O N Or;

?

mi

?

1*

I

THE Wbite Pear "Plimh {Fig, I. TIate IIV,) is another excellent

the Tabic alfo, when fully ripe, its Juice

very agreeably mix'd with a pleafant fugar'd Acidity 5 the Pulp

Plumb for Prefervin^, and

bein

is a yellowifli Green^ cover'd with a fine light Flew 5 ^tis a good Bearer,

and ripens late, Septemher 10, 1727. North Wall.

+

N. B. THE Black Pear Plumb, (Fig. IL) is an excellent Fruit fc

Baking and Treferving 5 an ahh tts a nêry common

yet it muji not therefore he defptsd^ as wife Fhrifls do good Flowers

when they become common in e^very Mans Garden lejides their own.

» *

1^

a

*

J i

p

t

—^1^1

v

-

v^

,v-»

/

*ii

>^

/



The R UIT AH DEN iJInftratcd. 91

K^n Alphabetical TABLE of the preceding Plumbs,

e^chihiting their Times

Afpedls.

Ripenln or and differeti

t

.

ChestonI

CatherineDrab-d'or

DiArRE Tel/ow

Damosine Black

fotheringham

Green Gage,

Jean-Hative

Imperial

Imperatrice

MirABLE White

Morocco

Maitre Claude

Matchless White

Orleans

primordian

Perdrigon Blue

Perdrigon White

Perdrigon Musk

Perdrigon Cerney

Queen Mother

Royal

Reine Claudia

Turkey

Violet

Wentworth

White Phar Plumb

> -

Ripe. 'ffpcffs.

'July ly, 1 Weft Wall

Ûg. 12 f

U 203

AugJ I

u M >

June

Sept, 10

lO

u MJuly 23,

July 24

10

1ug.

July lo

July 50

Aug. \ 1

>

u 20J

20

J^b M-^w^. 2 o

— b

>

>

Soiith-Eaft,

Weft.

Eaft.

Faft.

y^z/y 14^ So IItIi-Eaft,F

y//i^ 30, Eaft.

Soutli-Eaft,

.Norch-Wcft.

Sourh-Eaft.

Standard.

Eaft.

South-Eaft.

Weft.

South-Eaft.

>

*

j

Weft.

We

Weft.

Weft.

South

South-Eaft,

Weft.

South.

Weft.

South-Eaft.

North.

*

t

•if

r I

c

i



t

M O N A: Or'

;

-:

H XVIIL

0/" PEACHES </»i NECTARINES.\

V

LTHO' Nedlarines differ from Peaches in their Colour^

Smoothnefs of Skin and Tafte, yet their Propagation and

am

treating on the ordering of Peach-Trees, the fame is to be underftood of

Neftarine Trees.

Manner of Pruning, ^r: are the fame 5 fo that when

ALL Kinds of Peaches prod the Fruits

Wood

upon the laftYear

>as A

)Fig, VII. ^hte II and III. which never bears

>

but produce from Shoots or Fiddes yearly afterwards, as C D E, on B F

/fhc /mall Sfioots DEFG, (i^-.X.)he two Years Wood d th \]c

produced from, the two Years Wood X W of the Catherhie Peach

'tis therefore that we muft always, during the Summer Seafon

pref( a fufficient Quantity of new Wood to fucceed the old

*

THE Bloflbm-Buds of Peaches Jll,&c. being very plump, and larger

than the Leaf-Buds i i /,&€. are eafily diflinguifli'd from them, when we

come to make Choice thereof at the Time of Pruning..^r^

'

IT appears by the Shoots of the Apricot {Eg. III. Vlate VIII, IX.)

that the Bloffoffls at the extreme Parts much weaker than thofe at B

For as the extreme Part A was produced when the Vigour of the Sap

was over, and the Seafon colder than in the Spring, they are therefore

very weak and immature 5 and 'tis for this Reafon that the Ends of young

Branches, which are produced late in the Spring, are prun'd.

V r'•>^,^

BUT

t

-.1



The FrU I T-G AR DEN IHuJirated. 99

BUT fince that there is not (b much as one Leaf-Bud betweenB andAtherefore that at A, the extreme Bud, muft not be prunjd, becaufe

>

other Leaf-Bud to attrad Nourldiment to the Bloffoms)

dpcrip

away the Crudities thereof 5 for was that Shoot to have the Leaf-Bud Aprun'd off, the whole Branch would perifli when the Fruits are ripen'd,

if any happen to grow thereon.

AND 'tis the very fame in the Branches of Peach-T or was

the Branch A B, Fig, VI. "Plate VIII and IX. to have Its leading Bud A

prun*d away, it would die as aforefaid 5 but if the lad Year's Shoot A B,

Fig. VII. ¥late II and III. were to be prun'd at the Bud /, it would not

die. becaufe it is a Leaf-Bud, and of the lame Nature as the extreme} 9

Budi&

THERE are many Kinds of Peaches which produce Leaf-Buds

near tot heir BlofTom Buds, as Bfff.&c.Fig.YL and n n n^&c. Fig, VUL

Vlate II and III. which is a very great Advantage to the Fruits, in

ftrongly attrading Nourifliment to them, as well as freely perfpiring

away the Crudities thereof.

. IV. Plate VIII and IX.

and BCD, &c. Fig> I. Plate XL the laft Year's Shoot of the Albemarle

; feen that thofe Kinds of Peaches are the bedPeach and 'tis always

tailed and moft fruitful

PEACHES have a very

w

and beautiful Diffi m

Magnitudes and Colours of their Bloffom The earlieft being f<

the

the

generality very large and beautiful, as the old Nemngton, Fig. II.

Plate II, III. and Fig, VI. Plate VIII, IX. and the Albemarle Peach, &c.

And the late Kinds very fmall, but yet veryFig. VI. Pl^te

beautiful in the

III.

Kinds, as the CathyFig. VIII. Tlate II, III. the

kte Jdmkahle, &c. Ftg. V. 'Plate VHI, II /

\

THE Goodnefs of Peaches depends very much upon their Quantity

for they are never worth any thing when left very thick upon the Trees

which is always done by a covetous Temper,

iProverb, All covet, All lofe.

which makes good the old

THIS

I



lOOf M O N :0r

?'

THIS very Year I number'd 103 Dozen of Early, or Smkh'sNew^

ington Reaches, on one fingle Tree, in the Garden of a very reputed

Gardener for the Management of Fruits, which ein in general \êry

fmall, and infipid tafted, were fold at Market for Six-pence per Dozen

Now had Nature been kindly treated with, and burden'd with 10 or 15

Dozen only, inftead of fo many, fhe would have been able to ^have

produced them with their true Taftes, and all other

greatefl: Perfedion.

Qualities, in the

/

HAVING already laid ^down the Difiances that the Branches

fliould be laid from each bther^ (q^tz. the Length of their Leaves) ic

only remains to fiiew their Difiances that they fliould ripen at upon the

Branches, which is exhibited by Fig. II. "Plate XIVf. -

!

THUS far by Way of Preliminary 5 now we'll proceed to the Fruits

themfelves.

I '

J

F

I

t

v.. THE firft Peach

(Fig, I. "Plate XXVII.)

_•"

White Nutmegy or Early White êach7

I

m

well ripen d?

Col

its Juice is fvveet and fomething musky5when

very hry

B RipeB-

UfJ£ '>

\

PI

rather a pale Green

South ^ Wall\

<

-

('

THERE is alfo another Sort of Nutmeg "Peach, which is called the

Nutmegs or Troy Teachy which ripens foon after the White Nut-

meg^ and is a great Bearer alfo : Its Fruits are generally fomething larger

than the other, but in Tafte much the fame

Vermilion red Colour next the Sun.

, having a beautiful, broken9

j

r

THE Ann <Peach, Fig. ll.9late XXVII.) is a fmall, but verygood

Peach, fucceeding the Nutmeg>

from the Scone5

tis a

Pulp is very pleafant^ and comesH

good Bearer : Ripe July 10, 1727. Eaft Wall

^

r -

ThiERed Magdalene, {Fig. V. "Plate XXVII.)

fiill of a rich fugar'd J comes from the Stone

good Fruit, zn^

Ved> alfo the Infid'e of

yWhich is

blackifli Red

the Pulp next about it 3 next the Sun

very

*tis a

which lofes itfelf in a faint Green

Ripe July 20. South Wall

?tis a ood Bear

*.

THEt



m

s

/

The R U I T A R D E N lUuftratcd loi

ft

THE White MagMane, (Fig. VI. Plate XXVU.) comes from the

}

IScone, which is

i

of a hght Cinamon Colour. The Pulp next to it is

very white, excepting that Part of it which is next the Rib of the Stone,

which

I _/

full of a

Ripe Ju

is a little ting'd with Red : The Pulp is of a great Subftance,

fine fugar'd win

}o. Weft Wall.

Juice, and melting5 'tis a good Bearer

THETuteon de Venice

{Fig, IV. ¥latel\\U,)is

commonly takenfor the White Magdalene, being very like it : It comes from the Srone

which is a Cinamon Colour, but the Pulp next about it is a light Green

wherein it only differs firom e White MagdaleneJ •

pus a very good

Fruit, and a great Bearer : Ripe July 20. South-Weft Wall.

N. B. BOTH thefe lafi Reaches have very little Red in them next

the Suny heing chiefly a pale Green.

i

r

i

THE Ro%anna {FigAW. "Plate XlVll^ comes rom the Stone

Itswhich is a brown Colour 5 the Pulp next about it is very Green

Juice is vei y rich, and therefore in great Efteem amon the Curious)

next Sun 'tis

great Bea

very Red, which lofes it felf in a faint Green

?ft Wall.

3'tis a

THE Smith's Nemngtoi3

(Fig 'Plate XXVIII.) alfo called the

EarlyNewington^ is a very good Fruit, and

firm and very like the Old Nemngtybut

}

great Bearer

in my Op

3ISulp

. much

fliort of that moft delicate Fl

with

which the Old Newington abound

It clofely adheres to the Stone, and is of a beautiful Red next the

Sun Ripe July 15 7

727. South-Eaft Wall

r

-

THE Minion, {FigM Plate XXVIII.) its Pulp abounds with a fine

rich fuaar'd Juice, and adheres clofe to the Stone, which is a dark Red5

full

as is alfo the Outfidenext the Sun : The Pulp is very firm, an

fmall red Spots under the red Part of the Skin, when pared3

'tis an ex

cellent Fruit, and a good Bearer : Ripe July 2 o. South Wall.

THE NoMefs, (FigAll Plate HYlll) or Noilejly

is an excellent

FruitJand truly worthy o its Name : It comes

D

from the Stone, which

has



"

\

I 02

/

\

i

O M N A: Or•>

has a Peek rifing on its pper End5

like that of the Fru5 -

?

brown Colour, deeply indented, with many 'Fibro Parts of

of a

Pulp

clofely adh to The Pulp is melt Dfull o a delicious J )

colour'd with Red next the Stone, and ftreak'd with dark Streak

f Red without next the Sun ^

5a ood Bearer Rip u 20

) 7^7

Soutt

\5rall

f

THE Monialon {Fig, IV. Vhte XXVIH) is an excellent Fruit>

Its

tender elti comes from the Stone which IS aPulp is

brown Red : The Infide of the Pulp next the ^tone is mix'd with light

Red, but the Outfide next the Sun is a deep Red 3 'tis a very

Bearer : Ripe Jtily jo. South Wall.

ood

I

\

THE Bordlne, (Fig.Y. "Plate XXVIH.) is' a very valuable Fruit+

Pulp comes from the Stone, of a fine vinous

J

Tafte nd of

Red next the Stone, which is of a dark Cinamon Colour

fome few Fibres of the Pulp adheres :

lofies felf wi fma

lovely

which

Next the Sun a fudden Red, which

ood

Bearer : Ripe July

Spots of Red in a yellow Green CIS a

> 7^7 Weft Wall

/

u

;

I

i

THE Newington Ne6i^ {Fig. I. Plate XXIX.) its Pulp clofely

adheres the Stone, which is very red, full of an excellent ric

hen perfe<5i:Jy ri'p which is known its hansinff until it is a little

fhriverd 3 its outward Colour next the Sun is very red, which lofes

it felf a ftron Yellow 5 "'tis a good Bearer : Ripe July3 7^7

South Wall. 1

/

\

4

THE Roman Ne6iorme, (F/^:. II. Plate XXIX.) its Pulp clofely

adheres to the Stone, which is very red^ as alfo its outward Skin next

the Sun, which is loft in a fine deep Yellow f Whr

en 'tis well ripen'd 'tis

an excellent Fruit, full of a

Bearer : Ripe "July jo. South Wall.

ne delicious fugar'd Juice 5 'tis a good

J

\

THE EJruge Neôrine, (Fig. III. Plate XXIX.) has a foft meltin

Pulp, comes from the Stone, and very red next about it 5 but the Stone

The Out'skin is a very black Red next the Sun^ which

5 'tis a very good Bearer

b Red

lof( felf in a yellowifti Green next the Wall

Ripe July i7 South Wall

THE

p

t

*



97j f> Fr U I T-G AR D EN lUnJirated. 103.i»^

THE /ifj//^«, oi- Bvumon Neftorhie^ {F!g. IV. tP/^r^ XXIX.) IS a

moft excellent, rich, vinous-flavour*d Fruir, when well ripcn'd}itsPu

is very firm, and cleaves to the Stone, which is very red, as alfo is the

out Part next the Sun, which lofes it felf in a pleafant Yellow : Ripe

Auguji6, 1727. South-Weft Wall.

%

f

i

\y

(

i

i

S

1

^

V.

ir

\

r

X

I

I

THlB Golden 'Nedomiey (called fomeJ

o fallly5

le Teinph

Ne0^

r

Fig* V-) its Pulp adheres very clofe to the Stone, which is of

within as wellery light Brown^ or Snuff Colour : 'Tis very yellow

without, excepting next the Sun, where 'tis intermix'd with Spots and

Streak

the

s o Red) •

?tis a rich flavoured Fruit when well ripen 'd

3

rerore flhould not be gathered fomething flirivel'di

*tis a

good Bearer : Ripe Augujh xo. Weft Wall

THE a Jdmhalk, {Fig. If. "Plate XXX.) comes romthe

Stone>

which is of a Cinamon Colour 5 the Pulp next to it is wh

with fome few Tindures of Red : it may be juftly called AdmhabJe

regard to its fine delicious melting Pulp

ftreaked with pleafant Red, which lofes

The

felf

Part the Sun

in a ght Yellow?

tis

good Bearer Rip Augufty

717. South-Eaft Wall

THE Temple Neânne {Fig- 1. "Plate XXX.) comes from the Stone

which is a Cinamon Colour 3 the Pulp is white next the Stone, m

and full of a ne

eiti

rich Juice, fomething acid. Next the Sun 'tis o

Carnation Red, which is loft in a yellowifli Green

K\v^ Septemher 4. Weft Wall.

ytlS good Bearer

THE 9afs-rhht^ {Fig. HI. "Plate XXX.) or 2) e Troy "Peach7

the Stone, being very red next about it

its Pulp comes from

is very like the Red

Colour, faintly dotted with brownifh Red

Eaft Wall.

Tafte

but its outward Coatis

ofan Orang

1717Ripe Angufi 6>

THE Wvet {Fig. IV. "Plctie XXX.)

very red alfo the Pulp next about

comes

but

from the Scone, which

with ry yello

tis a fine rich fugar'd melting Fruit)

dark Red next the Sun, which

IS«

-r



\

'

X

104.M N A: Or

)

IS loft in a faint Yellow 5 'tis a good Bearer : Ripe Jugtifi >

Eaft Wall.

^^

1727L I

THE Turple Alberge ) {Fig, V. "Plate XXX.) o calle3

ein

in

ery

d with a Coat of Purple about the Bloflbm-End, which lofes

dark Red, blended with Yellow 5 its Pulp is yellow within.

'Tis a moft del

. Eaft Wall.

felf

and

about the Stone^ from which it parts

rich juicy Fruit, and a good Bearer : Ripe Angujl3

{

THE Violet-Hathe Fig. VI. 'Plate XXX.)

9

comes from the Stone3

whic IS o a Red on the Edges, but on the Bulge a Chocol^

Colour : Next to the Sun 'tis a very dark Red, which is foftned off

fofter Red, which at length is loft with fmall red Sp>

Ground

blended with Red and Yellow : Its J is the moft del ever

tafted, it far excels the Old Ne^wington, notwithftanding that is ex

cellent a Fruit : Ripe Juguji. 8. Eaft Wall.

THE Old Nemngton {Fig. I. "Plate XXXI.) its Pulp clofely adheres

to the Stone, which is of a lively Redând very full of a moftdelidous

ich J 5Pulp is very firm when ripe

>and of a beautiful Red

the Sun, which lofes it felf in yellowifli Green when ripe

different Bearer I'd in

It is but an

thick with Wood, but the reverfe, (as-

before noted) when the Branches

JugMjt 6. South Wall.

laid about Inches apart Rip

(

\

\

1

Red

^W^ Alhmarle {FigAL VlateXXKl) comes from the Stone, whicl

fine Vermilioi

. and full of 5

1

f a brownifli Red 3 but the

ery

Pulp

great Thicknefs

the Stone

Pulp melting

'

\

very r vinous nice : Next the Sun 'tis very dark Red, which is

foftned off, and loft in a yellowifli Green, fet very thick with fmall red

/ 3'tis a aood Bearer : Ripe Juguji 8. South Wall

t

ff

I

THE Brookes "Peachy fo called from the Lord Brooks, who firft pro-

Gardens at Tmckenham in Middlefex, {Fig. Illpagated it in

^late XXSI.) Next to the Sun 'tis of a fine Vermilion Red>which lofes

felrI ith fmall red Sp yellowifli Green Th Pulp of very

great

\ Colou

Su'ofta;

comes from Stone?

which is of a Cinamon

r 3 tne inward Part of the Pulp next about the Stone is very

white?

*



f

The Fruit-Garden Illuftrated. lo$

f white • its Juice is very delicious, and the Pulp melts

\

in eating 5 'tis 1

very good Bearer : Ripe J^guji 8. Weft Wall.

\

ii

i

!

r

I

!

THE Hemskirk, {FigAV. "Plate XXXI.) is a moft beautiful delicious»

Fruit 5 the Pulp has a fmall Adherence to the Stone, which is of a dark

red Colour, as alfo the Pulp about it : Its Outfide next the Sun is a very

deep or blackifli Red, which goes off gradually towards the back Part,

which is fet very thick with fmall red Spots j 'tis a very flefhy Fiuk3

and a good Bearer : Ripe Jugt^Jt 8, 1727. SouthÊaft Wall.

THE Bellows, {Fig. V. "Plate XXXI.)

excellent good Fruit Its Pulp comes rrom

Brown, and e Pulp next about It very

r

very great feear^r, and

e Stone, which is a li

with a Tindlurchy

Red next the Cleft or Edge of the Stone : Its Skin,

peel off, is of a pleafant Red next the Bloflbm-End

which

and>

o

with fmall red Specks in a yellowifii Green : Ripe Juguji

Wall.

I.

freely

it fclf

Weft

V

f

t

THE Smâke otSwolz^, {Fig. I 91 XXXII.) is faid

brought to England by the Lord "PetethoYough?

Its Pulp comes

be firft

from

the St which is very red we the Pulp next aboutyan

commonly larg

Red, which is foftned off with fmall red Sp

Juice is very rich, and

'n<r

good Bearer : Ripe Auguji I.

Very deep

: Yellow5

Weft Wall

Its

[

\

\

THE "Pai^y Royal {FigAL 5P/^^^ XXXII.) comes from

a Cinamon Colour 3 its Pulp is very#red aboutwhich is of

s

Stone

Stone,

ItsJuice equal to the beft Peach or Pavy in the World :

black Red, beautifully ftrip'd with a^ fine Vermilion Red,

which is foftned off in a yellowifii Green 5'tis a very good Bearer, and

in, it would, without Difputc, be the ver)r

Outfid is a

were it to be nail'd in very

beft Peach in England : Ripe JtigtjP }727. Eaft Wall

THE Torp

which is both red and brown

(%. III. Tlate X)CXII.) xomes from die Stone,

: The Pulp next about the Stone is very

r>and, if eaten befor quite pe, has ery much of the Old New

igton Tafte inybut the Juice is much finer when fully ripen Rip

r

e

m T'

JuguJl 143

yzn. Eaft Wall

% •

eTHE

I



r

iq6 M N Or7

V

\ ^

THE Rickets Teach, {Fig.lV. "Plate XXXII.) called in 1 egard to

its beiin

c comes

firft

fro

ropagated by Mr. Rkkets, late a Nurfery-man at Hoxton :

m c Scone

?

f

Jwhich is of a Cinamon Colour, with a Tinge

next the Stone is of a beautiful Red

which lofes it felf in an almofl: tranfparent white Pulp, which is meltin

of Red in the Clefts 5 the Pulp J

and very full of a very fweet delicious Juice : its Outfide next the Sun

is of a very pleafant Vermilion Red, which is fofcned off with very

fmall Spots In a light yellow Ground -, 'tis a good Bearer : Ripe Juguji

ij> 1727 South-Weft Wall.

i

\

I

w

I

i

"^

V ' *

1

\

K

t.

i

1^

\

i

TW^ Late Admlrahle (Fig-V- 'P/^teXXXU.) conies from theStone,^

which is a Cinamon Colour, to which adheres many Fibrous Particles

of the Pulp : Next the Stone it is a very deep Red, melting, and full

of an excellent rich Juice 5 the Out-skin is of a pleafant Red next the

Sun, which is foftned* off with very mihutef Spots,- into a pleafant

Yellow 5 "'tis a very good Bearer : Ripe Auguji 24, 1727. South Wall.

A_

THE Bell Che^reufeyCommotiTy called Cheêrufe, [FigA^P^late XXXIlI.)

comes from the Stone, which is of a light trown Colour 5 and next

it the Pulp is of â pleafant Vermilion Redywhich IS full ofa

• f

fbft fugar*d Juice : "The Ouc-skm next the Sun is a ftrong Red, that is

foftned off in a light Green 5 ^tis a good Bearer : Klpc Augufl 24, 1727.

South-Weft Wall.^

^ •- ^

THE Burdock {FigAL Plate XXIHI.) its Pulp adheres to the StoneJ

which is of a Cinamon Colour5

'

tis of a very great Subftance, very

rm^ and full of a moft delicious;rich Jiiice : Its Outfide Inext the Sun

is a beautiful Vermilion Red, which is foftened off with fmall red Spots

in a pleafant yellow Green 5'

any of the Kind : Ripe Aiigufi 30, 17274 South Wall

tis a good Bearer^ and ts good a Fruit as

£\ nf- r

THE•^^

oiwn9

or RumluJion, {Fig, III. Tlate XXXIII.) comes

fiom the Stone, which is of a Cinamon Colour3 the Pulp next about

of a light Red, and it's inward Pulp of a fine Yellow 5 'tis full of a

fine vinous rich Juice, and is an excellent Fruit : The Outfide next the.

Sun is a fine pleafant Red,

good Bearer : Ripe Septemhe

which is foftned

Weft Wall

into a ght Yellow a'

z.-

THE1



\

The Fr4

u I T ^G A R D EN lUujiratel 107

r-

/

i

>

^

THE ItaUan Têach (F/^. V. 9Iate XXXlll) comes from the Srone,

which IS very like e Stone of the Rkhts'Teath

Pulp next about the Stone is a deep Red, and next die Sun a

in' its Colour • it?

ackifli

a very ^thick Cotton or Down, which is foftned offed, cover'd with

with fmall red Spots in a light yellow Ground : 'Tis meltin)ahd u

of very rich fugar'd Juice 5 the Pulp is of very great Subftance, and in

brief it Is not inferior to the very bed Peach growing, when planted

a ainft a South-Eaft Afped in a" warm Soil 3 'tis a good Bearer : Ripe

Septemler

<

y 1727 South-Eaft Wall.s

I

V

p

4i

1

L

1

J

.

I

THE Malacotune {Fig.lY. "PlateXXXlll.) its Pulp adheres to the

Stone, which is a, pleafant Red : The Pu!p_ is 1 ery dof

rich Fl

-

nlike that of the Old Newington : Kext the Sunr' — f Ik

deep Vermilion Red, whicli is foftned off with beautiful Flak

patches of the fame, in

Septefnher

a yellowifli Green 5 'tis a ood Bea

fmall

Ripe

10 727* South Wall

r

1

I

\1

K

r

J

THE Gatherfne] {Fig.^L "Plate Xlllll.) tho'a late, yet

ne rich-flavou?d Fruit, wnen there is but a reafonable Quantity on th

Tree, jhe Seafon kind, and planted

Eaft Afpe(5l

Wall.

).tis .a

a warm moift Soil, and South-

727. Southi

; «

t

î

:%,^"fp J ^.r v:

THE Bloody "Peac

beiiig entirely red with

>

f/^. VI. 9htelXXlh)fo called from its

Pulp

?comes from the Stone, which black

rather a Purple Red^ as is alfo the Pulp next about k : The Outfide .„,

o late Ripening, well defended from the Inj

*r

\

in Confideratiori

of Heat and Cold, by a \cfj great Covering of a Cottony or Downey

Subftance, under which is a very black or Purpk Red : 'Tis a very

Bearer?

and, confidering its late Seafon x)f Ripening, which IS

05toh

riofity

>

Sake

bad Fruit : and therefore every Garden, even for Cu

fliould'Aot be\îthout one Tree thereof at theleaft.

J

4

^j •-- •

s ^-

4-

-'^

' • K r- *

< .

I**

r ' -

^'ik*

'^

T _ n

iî ;

^ H.. - --vr--=-**— *

V

4

»-.

'.-^

' ff IfTT

J

b

V



*^ «

•r»

r

* ^

[

108^ M N Or

7

s..

c/^» Alphabetical TABLE of the preceding PeachesJ

exhihiting their Times

Afpedls.

Ripening?

^»i differenti.

I

i"

h

»

Ann Peach

AlbermarleJ

Admirable Eavly

Admirable Late

Alberge Purple

Brookes Peach

Bellows

BORDINE

L . .

Bell-Cheveruse

Bloody Peach-

^ Burdock

Catherine

Elruge Nectorine

^ Golden Nectorine

HemsKIRK

Italian Peach

^ Italian Nectoriner

_-_ ^^ -'

Magdalene White

Magdalene Red.

Minionf

MoNTABON

^ Malacotune

NiVETî

^ Newington Nect.

Newington Smith's

Old

4^

NEWINGTON

Nutmeg White

Nutmeg Red

NOBLESS

ORPREE

PavY Royal

Ripe.

to

to

Jug.

Aug.

Aug, 24

Aug.

Aug,

Aug. 1

J

10

-b

Sept. If,

10

Aug.

Sept.

Aug.

July 30

J

>

>

20

20

o

10

74

Aug*

July JO

74Aug'

c

r^

6

une

une

20

>

>

74-^»g- 24;

Aug. 15 >

^ ^

*!

i4fpe6t5\

Eaft Wall.

South.

South-Eaft,

South.

Eaft.

Weft.

Weft.

Weft.

South-Weft.

Eaft.

South.

South.

South.

Weft,F

South-Eaft.

South-Eaft.

South-Wcft.

Weft.w

South.

&uth.

South,

South.

;

' »

Satt

S ^

~l

I

Eaft.

South.

South-Eaft.

South-

South.

South.

South.

Eaft.

Eaft.

V

't

i

Pass-Violet

t



ft

ft*

.1

I -

I

I The Fruit-Gardên lUuftrated.

ass-Violet

UMBULLION

ROZANNA

Rickets

^ Roman Nectorine

SwALZE

Temple Nectorine

Tuteon de Venice

Violet-Hative

i^rop

BJpe.

20

20

Aug,

Sept,

July

Jug. 2J

5^»/j^ JO

Jug. I

Sept'

Jtily

Jug*

7

i

}

)

20i

>

Eaft.

Weft.

South-We fl

Weft.

South.

Weft;

Weft.

South.

Eaft.

5^J..

N. B. THOSE Fruits ijohofe "Pulps adhere to their Stones are

called PavieSy which in this Table are dijlinguiped hy a Star ^

placed againfi them : The others without the aforefaid Charaffer

are called Peaches^ hecaufe their 'Pulps are Tiieltingy dnd come

freely

fromtheir Stones,

\

\

I

^^

\

- i

.^



/

(IIO<

f

i' M N A: Or

i

V* 9

m

.<

H

Of GRAPES, and

XIX.1

'

their Ordering."€

^•j

tmA

INE S do not direftly produce their Bunches of Fruits fiom

thefirft four Buds of the laft Year's Shoots, as many imagine,

but from new Branches or Shoots, which are produced from

thofe Buds or Joints, whofe third, fourth^ and fifth Joints, produce th*e

Fruits we receive.

I

y

IT is a common Method amongft moft Gardeners, to prune the lafl

Year's Shoots of Vines to fonr Rnd?, (as ivV. I. T'hce Liy.) imaginin

that their Fruits are produced as aforefaid : And indeed where there is

Plenty of Wood the Method is not amifs, when Vines are growing

againft a Wall 3 but in Vineyards 'tis entirely wrong, if the Vines are

in a good State of Health : For when the Seafon has produc'd Branches

that are truly healthful and mature, they may be prun'd to three Feet

each in Length 5 and if afterwards,

an almoft horizontal Pofition, at

in the SprinJthey are incliin to

proper Diftances from each other,

as to have a free Peripiration, every Bud would produce a Shoot, and

each Shoot two or three Bunches of Grapes 3 fo that inftead of havin

from one Shoot, after the common Method of Pruning, to four Joints,

but three or four Bunches only, we may have ten or twelve, and each

equally as ood3and confequently a very few Plants wi produce a

great Quantity of Fruits.

them but

^r, Warner at Rotherhlth.

If any doubt or dilpute the Truth hereof, let

o and view the Vines now growing in the Garden of

which, by his judicious Management after the

Manner before defcrib'd, annually produce great Quantities of the Bur

gundy\ and, 1 miftake not, the Claret-Grape alfo^ with which he

makes

^



i

The Fruit-Garden I/luJirated. Ill

Butakes chearful Nedor for the Accommodation of his Friends.

fince that our Climate and Soil, in many Parts of England^ is nor na

tural to the Vine, fo as to produce our beft Sorts of Grapes ia open

Vineyards, we muft therefore plant them againft our bed afpedlcd WalU

that their Juices may be ripen'd in as good Perfection as the Seaf(

able to produce.

y

on is4

4

THE mod natural Soils for Vchalky Lands, inclinabl

rich

e to

,light, fandy, rocky,

Gravel : For as they don't imbibe and

perfpire lo much as Appl>

Pears, &c. which delight in moift ftifl

Lands, therefore lefs Moiftuie bears a nearer Proportion to theirNature

for there's nothing deftroys Vines fooner than an ovcr-and-above Quai

tity of Moifture.

>

Seafc

dand

r

L

FOR tho' the Vine bleeds mod freely in its bleedin

produces many long fucculent Branches, and great Plenty of very juicy

Fruits yet from the third Experiment of Mr. Hales's Vegetable Staticksy

17. it is plain, that die y'mei k not a great Perfpirer, and therefore

thrives beft in dry Soils.

_— -^

\

\

anted exadly

under the Drops of Houfes, ypcr

\

\

THE beft Seafon Pruning he Vine, is the End of Septemhr>

for as the Seafon is then warm, 'the feveral Orifices ar

healed, fo that in the following Spting, when the Sap beg

t

immediately

to rife. in

the bleeding Seafon^ it cannot be diminifh'd thereby, and confequently^

_r

every Branch is better abl to produc good Fruits5

when ptun'd

improper Seafon, and greatly weakened by the Lofs of Sap

/

THE clofer or nearer together the Buds of young Shootsi

the

more fruitful 5 and therefore we fliould obferve, at the Time of Pruning,

to lay in fuch Branches, whofe Lengths need not beconftrain'd to four

J

'w

, as IS common^ but in Proportion to thejr Length or Thicknefs

A very ftrong Branch may be laid two Feet and a half in Length>

others lefs ftronger, two Feet, eighteen Inches, a Foot, &i

i

THE-^

k

*

/



I

112 M N Or,M

/

m>

THE nearelt Diftancc that the Branches of Vines fliould be laid

fliould be never lefs than one Foot, for if they have not

>

abundance of

Air to perlp they will not thrive. All thofe Kinds vvhofe Leaves

very large, as the Raiftn Grape, {9kte XLIII, XLIV.) fhould r

the fame Reafon, be laid at greater Diftan

THE fecond. third fourth, &c. Years Wood of the V Jbein

J

after the firft Year, for ever barren of themfelves of producing any more

Fruitsy

Bottom

we muft therefore be always bringing up young Wood from the

3other Parts of the

5to fucceed the preceding

doowever, altho' that the Branches of Vines

duce Fruits after the firft Year, yet Nature has been fo careful as to

But

of themfelves pro

make a Provifion otherwife, which is at their feveral J 9from

whence every Year fmall Branches are produced, (called by the French

Courfons) which oftentimes produce good Fruits, as well as young Wood

alfo, when 'tis wanted to (ucceed that which is by Tinie-wholly barreu,

being pruned at the fecond Budjjfroiinh^~x5ld^Woo

BUT we itiuft not fuffer any of thefe Kinds of Shoots to grow

forward frorn^the Wall ^ and rViprefor^ thafc /or our Purpofe are fuch asw

in their natural Growth, lie flat or parallel thereto.

% *

- '

o WHENwe prune off the End of a Vine-Branch, we fhould cut it

ff flopin behind the Eye, and about two4

Inches above the fame.

ABOUT the Beginning of May we fliould o

w

over our Vines>

r

which arend nail clofe to the Wall all the feveral young Shoots,1

furnifh'd with Buhches of Fruits which then appear, as Fig, II. ^late X.w

that, as their Leaves augment their Magnitudes, and the Heat of the

Summer advances, they may be proteded during their Growth, from the

Injuries of Heat and Cold : For thofe Grapes that are fuffer'd to growon Branches about fix, eight, or ten Inches from the Wall, and thereby

fully expofed to the Sun, and drying Winds, have their tender Sap-

Vcflels foon dried up, and are therefore never worth a Farthing.

TOWARDS

t



The Fruit-Garden Illuftraled. fi3

TOWARDS the End of May, we fliould have Recouife to our

Fruits, flopping their Branches at the third or fourth Joint beyond the la(t

Bunch, and not at the Joint next above it. as exhibited in 5^/^/^XXXIV.•

which is commonly pradlis'd by unskilful Gardeners, by th want

knowing the attractive Power of Leaves, ^nd their Ufe in Perfp

For when the Branches of V thus runed^ how is it po/Tibl

the Fruits can be fo ftrongly nourifli'd, when they are deprived of proper

them wlcli : fo thatnftruments, which Nature had provided to furnifli

o helping the Fruits, as they imagine, (like moft onftead

dthei: Operations) they depauperate.

all their

nay

and Kndeir them, at befl:, very

ey very often ferifli, and then forfooth thenfipid and taftelefs3

Coxcombs imagine that their Fruits are deftroy'd by a Blight*

^F*

WHEN thefe cWo Op are performing, we difpl

all forward Branches, and others that appear ufelefs, which, if fuffer'd

to grow, never fail of mjuring the Fruits^ and the other Branches.hA

/

TOWARDS the latter End of "July, the fmall ^zt/y Grap>

or

early

«

penJ

which

time we fliould by Degrees acquaint thofe Fruits with more of the Sun_,

to ripen their J Thfweet, and its Skin thin, is generally deftroy'd by

Grap6 is z great Bearer,

Wafp

and, being very

>1fCa not

taken to deftroy them, either Vials of fugar'd Water, hun up to

drown themfelves rather their Nefts deftroy'd in the Night with

Fuzze of Gunpowder, fir'd and ftopp'd into the Entrances to their Nefts

which fuffocates them in general, fo that afterwards you may dig down>

and burn them in general : Tis of a fine Ind o full or a moft

deliciousJuice : Ripe July 20. South Wall

/

withBUT fince that the other Kinds of Grapes do Hot ripen

Kind, we muft therefore let fome of them remain longer before we

expofe them to the Sun, that they may continue longer with us, inftead

of being in general ripe together.

THE other Kinds of Grapes wor our Notice>

are the White

Sweet Water, {"Plate L.) which is a fine large white Grape-, its Skin

. ' , . 11 .r^..^ r.,u:^jx «.^ w/oft^c . "Tk an evcellent goodis very thin, and therefore fubjed to Wafps od

Grape7

rfcr

k



/

^^

114

is

O M N A: Or9

generally very large, and tranfparent when ripe, but therape, an

Bunches are very thinly kt therewith : Ripe Augujl 10. South Wall.

-*:4fc-.*

THE White Mufcadhie, (9late XXXK) is one of the beft Kind

of Grapes for ripening in England : 'Tis a very great Bearer, and, wKen

skilfully order'd

and when

Ripe Augufl

yFruit

5when

9 •

g^ther) fomething

pe, "'tis tranfp)

with Amber next the Sun

'\'

,-."

THERE IS another Sort of White Mufcadine^ which is very thinly

fet on the Bunches, but the Grapes are very large, and moft delicioufly

fweet when ripe, and therefore called the Royal Mufcadlne.

^ J

THE BlacTi Sns)€et Wat3 { 'Plate LI. ) called from its

Wood, which is of a blackifli Colour, and the Stalks of the Bunches

ablackifli.

Red, but the Grapes are white, cover'd with a fine white

PleWj and of an oval Form 5 'tis alfo called the MoreUtan Grape : Be-

fore "tis ripe the Juice is very fowre, and the Skin very tough j but when

quite ripe 'tis very fweet, but'fomething watery : Ripe Auguft 20.

THE*Black Currant Grape (Fig. L "Plate XLVL) IS a»

moft

>delicious Fruit, ibmething oval in its Form : 'Tis a very good Bearer

w

and produces Fruit which is cover'd with a fine Violet Flew, very clofe

fet in the Bunch : Ripe Auguji 24. South-Eaft Wall.

THE Brick Grapy

{Fig "Plate XXXIX.) fo called from its

lerable good Bearer,rown red Colour j 'tis a t(

fweet Fruit : Ripe Auguji 24. South Wall

and very pleafant

I

%

F

THE "Parjley Grape, or Canada Grape, (Fig. I. 9hte LXVIIL)

) called from the Country from which it came, and its Leaf being

divided into many Parts, like unto the ârfley Leaf, and is therefore called

the Parfley Grape : The Fruit is white, and in Form and Tafte like the

Whhe Mufcadine, but feldom fo large Ripe Auguji 24. South Wall

THE Black Mufcadine, {Plate XXXVI) called by fome, but im

properly, the Red Mufc tne When the Grapes are beginning to

ripen, the Leaves are very beautifully mixt with Purple, Kcd,Ye\loWy&i

Tis

*

\



J

TheI

FrUI T-G Ak DEN lUuJlrated. lliy

Tis an excellent gooci Fruit when well ripen'd>

its Colour % fine IndiVo,

Septemb

d with a pleafant Violet Flew, and a tolerable good Bearer

o^

717, South Wall

Ripe

THE Clufler Grape {Fig.IL "Plate XLIL) is a fine delicious Grape

of a ftrong Indigo Colour^ eover'd with a Violet Flew,

9

and

clofe fet in the Bunch, and therefore called the Clujier Grape.

\Grape IS called

three Weeks fooner

1727. South WalL

very

This

fome the Black Currant Grape, which ripens full

'Tis a very great Bearer, and ripe September ao,

N. B. THE Tulp leing very fweety h often dejtroyd ly Wafps j

and the only Method topreferve them^ is to put them in Oily Bags

^hen nearly ripe.*

%

WTHE White Frontlnac (^^late XXXVII.) is a moft deliciousj fugar'd,

musky, juicy Grape when well ripen'd, which does not dways happen

with usJhowever we muft not therefore be without them : "Tis a very

great Bearer, and ripens, in a kind Sealbn, about the Middle of Septemler.

is a moft excellent Fruit5

its Juice is rather richer and fiiller of Musk than the preceding, with a

very rich Acidity : This, like other Grapes that are vulgarly called Black,

is a dark Indigo^ cover'd with a fine Violet Flew.

(

«

BESIDES thefe two Kinds of Frontitiac's, there is another, whofe

Fruits are a yellowifli White, ftrip'd with a Copper Colour, and there-

fore called the GrizeJ frontinac, which, when ripe, is equally as good

as either of the preceding : Thefe two laft ripen much about the fame

Time as the preceding, and are very good Bearers.

•

THE MufcatGrape is a little like the White Fronthtac^ but fmaller

Grap5and fiall of a fine delicious musky J

9 •

3very good Bearer

Ripe September 20. South Wall

THE St. 5^^/^rs Gr^/)^, is a fine large black Grap3

d with

Violet Flew Its Pulp IS a littlA with red, very firm, with

moft delicious rich J 3tis great Bearer : Ripe 05. i o. Weft Wall

THE



•

.

ii6 O M O N Or

V

'S'.

_^^

/

7 I

The Hernutage Grapes is a moft del rich fugar'd Grap

the Skin is fomething tough, and a little bitter : The Grap

parent when ripe^ and Ipeck'd with brown next the Sun which

-, but

trant

alfoS

g'd with a faint Orange Colour : Ripe September 20. South Wall/

jiik^k

THE Claret Grap {Fig. II Tlate XLVII.) is ^ fmall but beau-

tiful Grape5 its Leaves turn red with the Fruit, and make a

beautiful Appearance : The Fruit when ripe is a deep Indigo, cover

with a fine Violet Flew, the Juice fomething acid and a pleafant Red

'tis a very great Bearer : Ripe September

d

>

L

THE Burgundy Grap

and very great Bearer 3 *tis

>{Fig. I "Plate XLI.) is a black Grap

\

>

the only Grap that ripens wxU in the open

Vineyard5 its Leaves have a very great Cottony Down on their

Parts

under

The Grapes are very clofe in the Bunch, and have a finerich

vinous Juice, but the Skin is a little tough

September 30.

Ripe

1

the open Vineyard

.4

^

THE Kaifin Grape, {"Plate XLIII and XLIVO is a moft beautiful

large white Grap ot a

kind enough to rfp

jie rwh Vlavour, and ITrm Pulp, when Sleafons

But even when Seafons are unkind, 'tis an

excellent Fruit for Baking, and therefore we fliould not be without

or two o

we have

them which fliould

be planted againft the very beft Afped

which*

r

h

THERE is another Kind of Raijin Grape,

pleafant Red, but it very feldom ripens in England,

>\vhen ripe, is a

*

*\. .

1

<^n/

•^"4



f

The Fruit-Garde N lUufirated.m

"7

zyin Alphabetical TABLE of the preceding Qrapes,

exhihitin^ their Seafons of RipeninS-

n

V

Brick Grape

Burgundy

ccc

LARET * •

LUSTER

URRANT

I

Black

pRONTiNAc White

Ripe.

Aug. 24*

Sept,30*

Sept. 30.

Sept, 20.

Jug' 24.

-y

y

*:f

\

4

Frontinac Black

pRoi^fTiNAc Griztel

Hermitage

July GrapeMuscadine White -

Muscadine Black

Muscadine Royal

Muscat

Sept. 20.

Sept, 30

74

*^

20.

Sept.

i

20i

ÎK^. 25,

iSe/)^ 20 \

I

Parsley

St. Peter's

Sweet Water White

Sweet Water Black

Raisin White^when k ripens

J

oa.

Jug.

Jug.

oa.

10.

10.

20.

i^

N. B. J FULL South Jfpe£i is the heji for all Kinds of Grapes.

^.-^ ^

-- -

W^

^

^*/"»

-K

\



ii8t

M N Or7

\\

\

<.'

Of

H

G

XX.^>

T R

HE feveral Kinds of Figs that are worth our cultivating in

Enghn are the White, the Blue, and the Black.

FIGS in general produce double Crops every Year in their native

Soils and Climates 5 but in England we have no other Kind but theJ

Short WhiteFigy that produces and ripens two Crops every Year : The firft

Crop,rop, (Ftg. I. ^late LIl.) is ripe about July 1 o. and the [econ

F$g. IT. (which is always much leis than the firft) about September \ o.

•

THE Long Blue Pig {Fig. It ^late LIII.) is the next, which ripens

about the Beginning of Jugujty and at the fame Time the Ta^wney Fig,

{Fig. III.) is alfo ripe They both very good Fruits, but nothin

comparable to the Bhc^ Figy {Fig. I.) which i§ rige4tig^fi, %6.

THE firft Crop of Fig are alway

r

produced on the laft Year

Wood, and form'd at the fame Time when the Shoots

/

IN March they are vifible^ as a a a, &i;. Fig. II. Thte LIVJbut in

April they are grown much larger, as A, A, Fig. L Thte X. being entirely

delivered from their Womb withiii the Bark, and perfect in their Forms.

And we may here again behold liow carefully Nature attracfts Nourifli-

ment to the young Fruit, by timely expanding the Leaves beyond them9

which vigoroufly draw up Nourifiiment, whilft all the Buds below

entirely naked thereof.

^ i

WHAT/



I

I

The Fad iT-G AkD Eit»

up

»

WHAT we call the fecond Crop of Figs, is adually the very firfl:

that are produced by the Shoot they grow on 5 and thofe which we call-

the firfl Crop, are laft produced.

'

f \^ _

THIS at hrft may appear to be a Paradox, but *tis slflually Matter

of F^6t, becaufe thofe Figs which ripen in Septembefy are always pro-

duced on the fame Year's Wood, and lieareft to the lafl Year's Shoots :

And as they are produced early in the Spring, when the Shoot is firft

rm'dj they are therefore at their Maturity much fooner than thofd

which ^re produc'd in the extreme Parts of the Shoots, when theirr

Growths are nearly at an End, an fcarcely vifible to the naked

Eye*

the white Kind, do frequently

frbm either Walls or Pails 5 but

THESfi firft produced Fig^^

tipen with us, even in the open Air

the other Kinds very rarely do : Thefe laft produced Fruits at the Ends

of the Shoots, if not kill'd by the fucceeding Winter,make the firft Advance

in the next Spring, and ripen very early 5 during which Time Naturd

brkr-f«<>du£in^piew Shootsipr new Productions 5^nd fo on during

the Life of the Tree.

t'T has been a Cuftom among Gardeners, to keep Fig-TTre

1

I'dJ

clofe to the Wall, as other Fruit-Trees 5 but it appears, by many Ex-

, xor Experience has provM, thatperiments made, th^ty •

ly wrong

thofe which are fuffer'd to grow about two Feet fi:om the Wall, are not

only the beft Fruits, but are produc'd in much greater Abundance.

THE beft Method of Ordering the Fig-Tree, is to nip off their leading

Suds of the Branches)

about' the Middle ofy

which will acce

ierate the Ripening of thofe Fruits which are commonly called the fecond

Crop, and caufe great Plenty of young Wood to flioot all the

T?

whereby the Whole becomes fruitful

always produced

Fig-Trees

y

becaufe the Fruits arc

aforefaid, from the laft Year's Shoots. But when>

full Lengths, after the old and common Meare nail'd in at

thod, their Fruits are always produced at" the extreme Parts of the Treesj

and all their middle Parts are full of large barren Wood only:

I

t



/

?'

120 O M N Or,

-

\

W"

f

H XXL

Of R W R1 \

f r

HE feveral Kinds of Strawberries worth our Notice, are the

Scarletj^

the HauthoyJ and the Wood Strawherry

\

The Scarlet Strawherry {Fig. I. ^late LV.) is encreafed

own Runners

Its

3planted at fixteen or eighteen Inches apart, in Rows about

igether

twenty Inches or two Feet apart, and being always kept to fingle Roots

will produce their Fruits very early. Some plant them nearer

as about one Foot Square,

Inches between, and fuflfer them to run among one another5 but they do

not

Beds chrce Feet wide, with Alh'es of eight

ripen their Fruits fo early, nor are they near fo large : however it

eceffary that

wefliould

have fome after this Manner to fucceed the

others that are firft ripe from the fingle Roots : Ripe May 10 727

F

4 XX

THE Hauthoy Strawlerry (Ks;. III.) is a moft del as well

great Bearer, and delights in a very richlarge and beautiful Fruit ; 'tis a

holding Soil : It produces the bell Fruit when planted'^ and kept at the

fame Diftances as the fingle Roots of the ScarJet, and is encreafed byown Runners as the other aforefaid Ripe

J.1.

THE Ifood Strawherry (Fig. II.) nother good Fmit, andgreat Bearer, when planted in a frefh and rich Landwatered during the Seafon

3an

very

well

fhould both the other Kinds preceding

Bloflbming and Ripening5

Th Kind IS

kept

as indeed

creafed byRunners, as the others

5 but 'tis always found, that thofe which arc takenout of Woods and tranfplanted into Gardens prod much better and

rger

t



' <

The Fru I T-G A RDE isr lUuJirated. 121

argcr Fruits, than thofe ^ncreafed from Runners taken from old Roots

in the Garden : They are generally planted at eight or nine Inches apart,

and let run among one another 5 but when they are kept to fingle Roots,

they are much larger, fooner ripe, and better tafted*

EVERY fourth Year we mould make new Plantations

Time their Strength and Vigour is exhaufted.

9or m that

iBOTy Scarlet and Wood Strawherrks may be raifed very early,

their Roots of two Years Growth are planted in fmall Pots, and put in

/ gentle Hot Beds in January^giving them moderate Waterings, with Water

\vhofe Crudity is before taken oiF by entle warming, and all the Air

that can be, fo as to keep out cold Winds and Frofts.

I

\

\

.f

/ ,.ji

I

I i

/'



122 O M N OrI

>K

y

^

M

F

H

Of

XXIIY

of the Turpi

Excrefcenccs.

have but three Kinds of Rasberries in England^ nîz. The

White, the Red, and the Tmple : The Wood of the White

and Red is of a bright Colour, and almoft fmooth 5 but that

dark Brown, and very thick fct with fmall pricklyS a

THEY are all propagated by Suckers, which fpontaneoufly fpring upjfl

1 the Summer, and are planted in the Autumn following ; They

era] dehght in clean frefh Land, being planted in Rows about eighteen

Inches apart, an each Row Feet afundcr.. Some Gardeners, for

want of knowing the Nature of the Fruit, let them run very thick together

as when they are kept to finglehe Rows, which fo well

Roots

WHEN we prune the Roots of Rasberries at the Time of

Planting,' we fliould carefully preferve their young Buds, which fhoot *

out dly even with the Surface of the Ground r it is from thofe

Buds that the next Branches are produc'd, and when they are broken

off before planting, they never live longer than the firft Summer after

planting : For as foon Branches of all the feveral Kinds have

produced their Fruits, they immediately perifii.

BUT that we may not by thefe annual Decays, be wholly deftitutc

of Wood for further Supplies, Nature does therefore produce young vi-

gorous Shoots, whilft thofe of the laft Year are bringing their Fruits to^

\

Maturity

I



\

The Fr u I T-G A R D E K lUuflrated.

Maturity 3 which Shoots fliould, in the End of Augtip following, be

pruned, or cut off, about one Foot from their extreme PdrtS.

123

I -

N. B. THE dead Wood is eqfieji broken out in Frdfty Weather.

KEEb not give my felf the Trouble of informing the Gardener

that he fhould dig among his Rasberries very early in the Winter^ slny

more to keep them perfed:ly clean in the Summer rem Weeds>

Suckers, &c. fince every one who takes Pleafure in his Bufinefs can beft

fee when thofe Works are moft proper to be done.

THE Scarlet Rasherry (Fig. V* Tlate LVI.) is the moft common>

and firft ripe ûne I9 1727 >

tis a very fragrant pleafant Fruityand a

great Bearer. The White Rasherry mixd with the Red^ makes a beau-

tiful Appearance at the Table, and therefore we muft not fail of having

fome df them for that Purpofe, notwithftanding that they are not in fuch

great Efteem as the Scarlet,

THE VurpJe Raslerry hath a pleafatit Acidity in its Tafte, and is

Tomething later in Ripening than either of the other two^ for which

ReafoirtisA'.

/

\



t

I

124 O M O N Or7

i-

^

iI. '

V

H XXIII.

< J

Of Goofeberries and Currants, or Corinths,

from QonntbA-SL 'whence they firfi came.

cailed

*

have feveral Kinds of Goofeberries in England which are

very good, buc the moft valuable are the Old Red^ {Fig. I.w

almoft loft in EnglandPlate LVI.) the firft ripe3 y

the Champainey Fig. 11. the White fDutch^ Fig. III. the Jmhr Goofe

hrryy Fig. IV. the Walnut Goofeherry^ the Rumhulion and the 2)amfe',

Berry 5 which are in general produc'd by Slips or Suckers taken from th

Roots of old Trees at th F apart an Rows, an

is toour Feet afunder. The bcfi: Method of Ordering Goofeberries,

keep them open in the Middle, like Dwarf Fruit-Trees, with the cX

treme Parts of their Shoots clipped every Year, and the old Wood con

ftantly cut away, as young confies up to fucceed. ^

THEGoofeberrie

good Fruits

Red White fDutch CurrantsJ

are propagated as

>and fliould be ordered in the fame Manner, to have

But think that if we were to fome few of the

White Dutch againft a South, or South-Eaft WM, they would be much

improved thereby. And when we defire to have either Red or White

very late in the Seafon, we fiiould plant fome Part of our North-Walls

with them?which

}

tiful large Bunches of pleafant Fruits

being kept thin in Wood, will produce very beau

%

H

«



r\

I

4

> .>

The Fruit-Garden lUuftrated. Io

Ht

0/ the Black M tr

XXIV

4

n

I

r

t

/

'

HE Bhcl Mulberry, {Fig, IV. ^/^^^ LVH.) being the only

Mulberry tliac we propagate in England^ for the Sake o

the Fruits 3 I fiizÛ therefore lilently pafs over all e otnct

Kinds^fince they are more fuitable to the Taftes of fome Botanifts^ who

delight in Varieties of many ufelefs and unprofitable Plants, than to curious

Propagaters of advantageous Fruits.

by Lay >which fhould be laid down in OCiober at eaft

Mulberry

eighteer

Inches apart, that a free Air may be continually circulating about them

and there remain upon the Stools full two Years after, before they ar

taken away, that thereby they may be well rooted.

>

whe we come

take them up for tranfplanting into the Nurfery

r .

1

THE Diftances that they are planted at in the Nurfery, fhould not

be nearer than two Feet and a half, or three Feet, and not nine Inches

or a Foot as is ufually done, whereby they have not half enough Air to

erfpire iinând confequently are greatly injur'd thereby.

THE Leaves of the Mulberry being very large

the

heavy, caufeh

leading Shoots to bow downwards, and thereby grow crooked

Therefore to prevent fuch deform Growths, we fhould ftraic

Stakes>

Arbour Pol e Side of every Plant, and thereto tie

their leading Shoots as they arife

1

V

WE

'



/

* ' - r T

126 M N A : OrJ

*J ' 'V ^ .* * "*^

\

\

Y' *

WE fliould alfo difplace all the lateral Buds as they appear, that the

whole Nourfniment may be fully employ'd in the Support of the Stems

only.

, t

pruneHEN our Plants are rifen to five or fix Feet high^ We muft

off their leading Shoots, to caufe their upper lateral Buds to break out

into divers Branches^ with which their Heads are form'd.

I^

<••

- ,

THERE is a Kind of Black Mulheny^ which produces great Quan-

tities of KatJcins in May, (as Fig, VHI. "Plate LVHI, LIX.) and very

when diicover'd, ffiould be either budded or graftedw Fruits which

with the true bearing Kind {

I

IF we obferve how thefe Fruits are produced, we may fee what a

wonderful Provifion Nature has made for their Support and Protedion,

by placing of Leaves imme

attradt and imbibe Nourifliment from Dews, Rains, &c. and perfpire

away the Crudities thereof, tut protedt them during their Growth from

the InjunesnoF Hcatrand Cotd.

over the Fruits, which do not only

'fT

THOSE Fruits which are produced tfiis Year, were formed in the

Buds in the laft Year 5 for if in the DeptR of Winter we flit the Bud

of a Mulberry from its Apex down its Axis to the Bafe, we may with

the naked Eye difcover the young Fruit in its Matrix, carefully wrapt

up in its tender Leaves, which, with great Force, expand themfelves with

the Fruits when they firft appear in May^ as Fig.YSf. ^late LIX.

H

\

/

/



•* A .

The Fru IT-G ARD E N«<

lUufirated. 127« ^»

**.

r

f

-'Vv

\

^ '^^ *

' -

kyj •

XXV.

0/Philbbrts,/

WALNt7T5,^;/i Barberries.

^ <

^'

have two Kinds of Philberts, i?/i2s. the Red and the /fZ'//^,

which laft is the moft efteem'd fey the Curious : They are

, arid make very hand-ropagated by Suckers or Layers

fome Hedges in our Kitchen and !Fruit-Gardens.

% V.

^Jate

Coh'Nut, {Fig. Ill:

ndfoihe Standard-Tree : The Nut

is very fwcet^ and a good

Bearer.

THE Hazel Nut, {Fig. 11.) is a pleafant Fruit when well ripen>

and tho' it is not worth our while to make Plantations thereof

Fruit-Gardens, yet in the Quarters of our Wildernefs they are veryr

beautiful and advantageous.

'-.',

-

WALNUTS are very profitable in their Nuts, as well as thei

Timber, when largely grown. We have a very great Variety of Kinds

There is one very large Sort, {Fig. Ill, V. "Plate LVIH, LIX.) called th

French Walnut, beft for Pickling, becaufe when Seafons are very wet

and cold, 'tis very fcldom they ripen with us.

THE Englip Walnuts differ very much in their Qual5

bein very fmall, (asi%. XL) and thin fliell'd 5 others of the

Magnitude and very thick flieird Then there's other Kinds

fome

fame

the

Magnitude

i

/



*>t

1*

\

.• .V

.

128 M N A: Or>

^.

Magnitude of Fig, IX, X. feme of which are good, and others worth

nothing. And as they are all rais'd from Nuts_, which>

like many-

other Seeds, often degenerate from the Mother-Tree, we cannot be

certain of our Kinds, unlefs we are fo Curious as to Bud our Trees

when largely grown, with Kinds that we know are good.

1

BARBERRIES are propagated by Suckers or Layers eTher

the other without Stones, but the

Form of their Leavesand Fruits are alike, as reprefented in Fig. VL

are two Kinds the one with Stones}

Tlate LXXIII. That Sort without Stones is

Ufe:

moft valuable for

^ V

» '

:It makes a very handfome Hedge in the Fruit or Kitchen-Garden;

and very good Fence agafnft Cattle, ^c.

7

k

i

' #

.4\

\

-a

< *

_>

^ A P.i

V



»V »

i

The Fruit-Gard en Itlufirated. 120

i

\

\

xxvtr

Of and U

EAR-TREES differ very much in their Time and Manner

of producing Fruits : Some Kinds produce their Fruits on the

extreme Part of the fame Year's Wood, as Mr. Hilh's double

t others at the Ex-earing Pear of Tedington, (Fig. IV. 'Plate LXIII)

tremity of the Branches alfo, but upon the laft Year's Wood

laftly.

?an

others upon Branches of three Years old, and fometimes longer,

according to the more or Ic^s Luxuilancy of the Tree : But for the Ge '

nerality moft of our befl: Kinds of upon Branches

of three Years Growth, which^ if skilfully ordered, continue fertile many

Years alterwards. Now fince that the annual Shoots of fuch Kinds o

Pears are in the fecond Year preparing themfelves to produce Fruits in the

third Year i therefore all fuch Kinds fiiould be well furnifh'd with thofe

having a fufficient Quantity thereo

>

feveral Sorts of Wood, that> y

we may be always furnifh'd with fruitful Branches to fucceed thofe

that become barren by Time

THIS is

r

exhibited in 9late LX. where Fig IS Reprelc

tation

or Spi

Year.

of the lafl Year's Shoot of the VkgouJee Pear, with its Courfo>

)P M O N, from whence the Fruits are produc in the "third

STVto the Courfom i

Leaf-Buds, which are placed to attrad: Nourifhmer

and perfpire away the Crudities thereof

o

4

s

THOSE Courfins P M O N muft be fliorten'd at the next Seafon

fiet they are produc'd, (as E F G, Fig. H-j which will, in

Pruning a

the fecond Year, caufe them to produce many Buds}

as € fh, that in

I

one

j*

*

'

/



a

r i

130 M N •r

V.Or3

one Year after, are very much dilated, and prepared for producing

: And being arrived unto this fruitful Stateflbms in the third Year

(as Fig. Ill) they immediately expand themfelves into Bloflbms and

Leaves, (as FigA, 11, IIL IV, V. "Plate IL IIL)

r

AND again, after the third Year, when their Courfo

become fruitful, Nature does every Year produce new Buds to fucceed

thofe which are bearing Fruits : For whilll: the

\

Pear was coining to its

* Maturity at X, Fig. III. the Buds / / were preparingthemfelves to prod

BlofToms in the following Spring, and at the fame Time Naturep

duced the Bud P to fucceed thofe at / /

the Tree

yan on during e Life of

i

IT very often appens that

luxuriant Shoots, which being prun'd in

of the Branch from whence it

Branches of Pear-Trees produ

une within an Inch and half

run wi mAutumn Shoot, with fome Buds difpofed for Fruit alio

Autumn prod an

which fhootin

afterwards

with great Luxuriancy, was

produced the -Autumn Shoot Mrun

Thus K, Fig. Ill

Kin?une and

Buds

ywith the two bearing

But at the following pruning Seafon thofe Autumn Shoots

muft be entirely diiplaccdIt

« ^

« :

t *

..

r

'

.

WHEN the Luxuriancy of Pear-Trees is fo very great as not

check'd with Pruning, we muft' either difplace one or more of

-X .}

be

eir

Roots, (and particularly thofe that grow downright, if any be) or

disbark in part the lower Parts of fuch luxuriant Branches which will

prevent the Sap from rifing in to;o great a Quantity3 for tis the too

» *

great Quantity of NourifTiment that is the Caufe of Luxuriancy

WHEN we prune, the Branches of Summer Pears^ we fliould obferve

the Nature of their Buds, for (as it has been before faid) many Kinds

produce their Fruits at the Extremity of their laft Year's Shoots, which

muft be always naiFd in at full Length, or otherwife perhaps the Trees

may not produce one fingle PearJn twenty Years Time. JT

ALL Summer and Autumn Pears will ripen very well upon Dwarfsand Efpaliers

; but pur Winter Fruits Ihould have the very beft Walls and

Afpeds we can afford themI

4 THE



T

The Fru I t-Ga DEN lUuJirated, i5f

THE feveral Kinds%

Pea exhibited in TIates LXf LXXII iriclufive

e

general of the very beft Kinds, as well for Stewitig, Baking, &c. as for

Table : And as I hav here uly prefented the exad For an Mag

o

des of their Leaves and Fruits in their natural Colours, and as their Seafons

e 5 there needs no

fer you to them

Ripening and Keeping are exhibited in the following Tablmore to be faid of their feveral Defcrip therefo

feverally, as they are delineated in the following Pi

re

,

^n Alphabetical TABLE the bell Kinds of Pears /^tn

England, exhihiting their Seafons of Gathering, Ripening1

and Duration4

Ambret Fig. IV.

- Illt. Andrew -r

Bordine Musk

Blanquet 'Petit

~^f2iderry

Buree de Roy

Buree Bro'Wn

Buree Winterr

Bergamot Winter

m

in.

VI.

II.

I

Bergamot Common

.

»

Bergamot Bugy V.^ A

2)itto Swi/i.

©/«o Hamdens

VIII-

III.

f*

Bon-cretien Sum. II.

X ^

S)itto Autumn,îtto Golden

,

V

SDitto Winter -

Tiitto Spanifi •

Catherine Kwal

VI

III.

II.

V.

Catherine êen V-

X

When to he

gathered.Eatable, Duration.

Vi^Hept,

Sept.

June

Aug,

Felruaryrr

N^ of Plate

where ench

is exhibit, d,

Lxvr.

LXXIL4

une

When

Duration LXl.

fmall Duration LXI.» r -

Sept,

Sept.

Sept.

Sept.

Whe

ather

ather

ruary

Lxvr.

Endof (9^(?J.|LXIV.

the End of O^^^JlXIV.

LXX.

Lxvir.r

/

Aug.after

About one Month ")

after gathering . -LXV.

Sept.'^^

** t

Sept.

Aug*

Two

Two

Lxvr.

three WeekslLXlIL

three Weeks LXV.

Aug.

Aug.

Sept.

Sept.

Sept.

July

July

A Day or

after gathr.

Soon aft' gathr.jAbout

Sovemher

January

Three Weeks or a Mon. LXV.

Weeks

the End o

LXIV.

LXVHI.

LXVIIL

Lxviir.

Soon aft' gathr.

Soon aft' gathr.

fmall Duration LXILi

fmall Duration LXL

Crafan



# •

»32 QM N Or,'•>

• »\

Craf<an i^%. IV

Chafletie

Colmar III

Cuifle Madam III.

Double Bloflbm JI.

Doyenne

Epine d'Hyver

Green Chizel

St. Germain -

Mr.Hi/AifiCrop

Second

Jargonel

Lombard Pear

Laniac

Martin Sec.r

Meffirc John

Marquifs

VII.

VI.

. II.

i . ,

St. Michael

Ruffelec Vetit

Ruffelet Grofs

Royal d'Hyver

Rofe d'Ete -

Sugart Vert

Swans Egg -

SalViati

Sattin Pear

Vermillion

Virgoule

Verc Longuc

2)/«o, Strip'd

Windfor -

IV.

IV.

V.

IV.

III.

II.

IV.

IV.

VI.

IV

K

VI

IVhen to he

gather d. Eatahle. Duration.#

ft

N° of Plaie

where each

is exhiifiteX

Sept, 2 o, Middle of 0£t.

(About one Month)

after bein eatableLXV.

> '

Sept. 2o, VNovember — [Until Janmry LXX.

Sept. 3 o,I

êcemier

A Day or

Until the End of Jan] LXVH.

lOJ

o

ather

T)ecemher

Three Weeks LXL

Sept.

Sept. 3 o, INovember

Sept. 20, IjDecemher

20

Sept. 20

Until Jpril

January

Januaryf

When gathered But very fiiort

November — IJanuary

Aug. 24, 1When gather'd I But very fliort

Sept. oJWhen gather'd About a Fortnight

u loj

Whengather'd About a Fortnight

LXXIL

LXIII.

LXV1 1.

LXII.

LXVI.

Lxiir.

LXIII.

LXI.

When gather'd|

About a Fortnight — LXIV.

January, February LXVH-ovemberept. 30,

Sept. loADecemier

Sept. 3 Oy jSoon aft'gathr

Sept. 3 Oj November

Aug.J

The Day

'tis ripe

February^ March

About one Month

January

LXXII.

LXIV.

LXVIIL

w

Two Days at moft LXXIL

Aug. 24, When gatherd About ten Days

Aug. 24, When gather'd About three Weeks

20

Decemberept.

July \7

Sept.

Sept.

Sept. 2 o,I

Ditto

LXIV.

LXV.

January^ February I LXVU.

LXL "

LXIII.

LXIV.

LXIV.-

/

When gather'd About three Weeks

When gather'd

Soon aft' gathr.

Three Weeks or a Mon

Sept. 30

July \7

Sept. ao

)

I

Ditto

Ditto'

Nov. Dec.

15 or 20 Days

November^ December |LXVL

About a Fortnight LttL

Sept. 1 o, Soon aft* gathr

W^

End of January

i\--r

LXVIIm <

ThreeWeeks or^Mon. LXIIL^

July I o,Soon after

gather'd

'

.

i

J k

About three Weeksi

LXI.

•%

THEf

f



1'

t

\

The Fru it-Garden lUufirated. 133

The beji 'Pears for Bakingj Stewing, &c. are.

The Black "Pear of Worcefier, Fig. II. "Plate LXXI.

Cîi/^f, Ftg. lY- ?/^f^ LXII.

T>onvik, Ronvik, Fig. IV, VI. 'Plate LXX

;

«' Tear-Levsh, Fig. III. y/^?^ LXX.

'^Pickering's Warden, and ?o»»i y^^r, y/^fe LIXI.

'*-

EngUp Warden, 'Plate LUll vind St.Francis^Fig.Y-'PlateUn.

QUINCES are bell when grafted upon their own Stocks.

THE bellKind is the Portugal Pear ^tncey(Fig Plate UXIII.)

next to which is the Portugal Apple înce^ {Fig. 11.) 5 and laftly, the

very worfl of all is the Engli/h înce, {Fig. HI.)^

•r

r

. XXVll

.

i

X

LL

Of i

PPLES are in general produc'd on Wood of two Yearsgrowth

and require as iiiuch Air about their Branches perfp>

y other Kind of Tree j therefore if they are but allow'd

fufficienc Air; and their Pofitions nearly hotythey require no furtl

Care. M m THE



#

\

134- O M N;&C.

THE beft Kinds worth our Notice, for the Table and Kitchen, are the

foliowing>ViZ.

*

IV.

Plate.

LXXV. Kitchen AppleApi* _

^BosTAppLEfr'jHiiw. VL LXXVU. Kentish Pippin

Eg. Plate.

Codling

^ corpendue

^ Calvile Acoute

^ Calvile Red^ Calvile Royal

^ French Pippin

French Rennet

^ Fenellet '

* Francatu

* Golden Rennet

III.

II.

VI.

III.

LXXIX.

LXXIX.XXIV- Kentish Rennet

LXXV. |LiSTNiNG,orJuL7Ap. V. LXXIV.

. LXXIV.

III.

VI.

VI.

III.

LXXVni. Margaret Apple

LXXV. "^ Monstrous Ren. III. LXXVUILXXV. y^ Maucoan

LXXVI. p^ NoN-PAREIL

ISKXMI.I

Pear Russet Apple

LXXV. ^ Pearmain Loans

V.

IV.

V.

II.

LXXV.

LXXIX.

LXXVII.

LXXVI.

V.

VI.

LXXVI. Pickering's Pearm. VII. LXXVU.

LXXIV. Pome-Roy

^* Golden Pippin VII. LXXIV. Russeting

II. LXXIX.

^ Holland Pippin

^ Jerusalem AppleL

juniting

^ June Apple

KiRTON Pippin

IV.

II.

VI.

IV.

LXXIX. Russet Golden Tip:

LXXVI. Russet Wheelers

LXXIV. Stone Pippin

LXXVIII. Spencer Pippin

LXXIV. - 1 Winter. Pearmain

LXXIX.

IV.

V.

IV.

LXXVII.

LxxvinLXXVIII

\

•

N. B. THOSE Fruits marked thus ^ are very hauttful when Grafted

. upon Tarad'tfe Stocks^ andplanted in ôts^ Borders^ &c.

THE Characters of the feveral Cyder^Fruits o( Herefordjhire^ and many

other Countries famous for that Liquor, being in general much inferior

to four Kinds fent me from ^ynes near Exet

Honourable Hugh Stafford, the Stire Apple ex

m

pted

2)evonJl:

, which

the

have not

yet feen 3 I ftiall therefore omit their Defcriptions, and in lieu^thereof give

the following Account of thofe Fruits, as I received it from that worthy

Gentleman.4

4

\ wt» i 1'

-

,.:.(

i

H

Curious

\

•



l

Curious

Of the moft ValuabJe

/) E/^0 N HIRE.

«

7

INCE you have fcen the Royal Wilding Apple itfelf.

(y/^r^ LXXVn.) which is fo very much celebrated

(and fo very defervedly) County, the Hiftory

of bein firft taken Notice of, which is frefh

every Body's Memory, may not perhaps be unac-

ceptable to you The n and only Tree om

which the Apple was firft propagated, is a very tall, fair, and ftout one,

I believe about twenty Feet high : It ftands in a very little Quillet (as

adeth frome call it) of Gardening, adjoining to the Road. that

Exeter to Oakhampton^ (the Poft Way) in the Parifli of St. Thomas^ but

near the Borders of another Parifli called Whttjione : A Walk of a Mile

from Exeter will furnifii any one, who hath fuch a Curiofity, with a

Sight of it.^

IT-^



I

-•

t

136

I

M O N A : Or,

IT appears to be properly a Wildings that is, a Tree rais'd from the

Kernel of fome other Apple, without having been ever Grafted^ and

(what feems well worthy being obferv'd) hath, in all probability, flood

there much more than feventy Years 5 for two antient Perfbns of the

"\

\ •.

Ceighbouring Parifli of Whitjlone^ who died each of thtm feveral Tern

fince, aged upward of the Number of Years now mentioned, declared,

That when they were Boys, and firft went the Road, it was not only

growing there at that time, but,what

is

very well worth Notice, wasthen as tall and flout as it now appears, (and we may rcafonably fuppofe

that was when they were each about 1 2 or1 3 Years of Age) 5 nor d

there appear at this time any Marks of 2)ecay upon it, as far as I took

notice,:f

f**- ?=r*

\

IT is a very conjlant and plentiful BcsiKr every other Year, and then

ufually produceth Apples enow to make one of our Hogflieads of

Cyder, which contains

64Wine Ga.I,lons

5

and this

was one Occafionof its being fi.xft taken Notice ofj and yields an Hiftory which I believe

other Tree ever did : For the little Cot Houfe to which it belonPS,

together with the littk Quillet (as aforefaid) in which it flands, bein

v

feveral Years fincc moirfg/jge3 for ccir~Pdnhv3s, the Viuk of this Tree

alone, in a Courfe of ibme Years, freed the Houfe and Garden and its

more valuable Self from that Burden which is wont to involve all other

Eftates in one common Ruin.

\

Mr.FRANCIS OLIVER (a Gentleman of the Neighbourhood and^"^y

I miftake not, the Gentleman who had the Mortgage juft now mentipn d) was one of the firft Perfons about Exeter that affeded the RoughCyder, and for that Reafon purchafcd the Fruit of.this Tree every bearing

Year: However, I cannot learn that he ever made kfeparatemd apart,

but wixd it with other Apples, which notwithflanding added an Jd*-mntage to his Cyder, with all thole who had any true Relifli for that

Liq

*

WHETHER it was thk or 2.ay other Uotws, I cdnnot particularly

fay, that brought qn the more happy Experiment on this Apple. Butthe Reverend Mr. Robert Woolcomle, (Redor of Whitjioney the Parifh

before mention'd) who ufed to amufe himfelf with a Nmfery, put on

fomei



• .

The Fruit-Garden lUuftrated. »37'

and a few Years after being out in hisome Heads of this WtUlng5

JSIiirfery^ about March^ a Perfon came there to him on fome Bufinefs,

an4 finding fomething roll under his Foot, took it up, and it proved an

jlpph of iMxs precious Frmt, which IVIr. Woolcomhe receiving rrom nim^

finding it perfectly yo«»J, after it had lain in the long Grafs and Srro)le

the Nurfcry, thro* all the Rahty Fvop^ and Sno'w of the foregoin

Winter>

thought it muft be a Fruit of more

And having tafted it, and found the Juices^ not only in a mod

than common Value :

fea:r

Somidnefs and ^kknefs^ but fuch likewife as fecm*d to promife both

the BodyJRoughnefs, and Flavour that wife Cyder-Drinkers in êfvon

now begin to defire 3 he obferved the Graft from which k had fellen,

and fearching about found /bme more of the Apples, and all of the

upon whichame Soimdnefs5

raft fome Numbers of them

withouc any Hefitacion^ he refolv'd to

>which he accordingly did, but waiited

with Impatience for the Experiment, which you know mu be the

Courfie o fome Years : They came at length, and. miftake not>

his firft Reward was a fmall Barrel of the Juice 5 but his much greater

was the Excellency of it, which fat exceeded all his Expedatioiis,

M

Mr. WOOLCOMBF was nor a little rleafed wlrh it, and talked

f "it is 5 it_cr mu/emsMi^^ fifft, but when Time

produced anHogfhead of it, from Raillery it came to Serionfnefs, and

every one from Laughter fell to Admiration. In the mean time he had

thought of a iJame for his Britifi Wine^ and as it appear to be in the

original Tree a Fruit not Grafted, he retained the Name of Wilding

and as he thought it fuperior to all others, fo he gave a Title of Sove

>

to Itraignty

^late LXXVII.

and hence the triumphant Royal JVilding, Fig. I.

was ab 6 Years fince : The GenTHIS, if I rightly remember,

tlemen of our County are now bufy almoft every where in promoting

it and fome of the wifer Farmers and Juftment-Holder but we have

yet (for Time you know muft do that) enough for Sale : I have

tho' the

known five Guineas refiifed for one of our Hogfteads of

common Cyder goeth for Twenty Shillings,

Twenty-five to Thirty.

>

and the South-Ham from

N flMUST

"lA



128 M O N Or7

MUST add, that Mr. WooJcombe hath referved fome of them for

Hoard 5 I have tafted the Tarts of them, and they come nearer to ther

înce than any other Tart I ever eat of.

F

WHERE-EVER it hath been tried as yet, the Juices are erfealy

good^ (but letter in fome Soils than others) and when the Gentlemen of

South'Ham will condefcend to give them a Place in their Orchards,

they will undoubtedly exceed us in this Liquor, becaufe we muft yield

to them in the Apple Soil : But it is happy for us that at prefent they

are fo wrapt up in their own Sufficiency^ that they do not entertain any

Thoughts of fetching Apples firom us 5 and when they fliall, it muft be

another twenty Years before they can do any thing to Purpofe, the'

fome of their more thinking Gentlemen I am told begin to get fome of_

m f

them tranfported thither, (by Night you may fuppofe, partly for Shame,

and partly for Fear of being mobbed by their Neighbours) and will, I am

well aflfured, much rejoice in the Produdion.

J

AM perfonally acquainted with Mr. WooJcomhy and if I may be

(zs it is here re

lated) I can promife you I Tiavc the Suhjlance fiom his own Mouth, and

am perfedly offefled with a Perfualion of the Excellency of the

Cyder, that I doubt not in the Courfe of twenty Years more, when%

Gentlemen fhall have furnifh'd themfelves with the Fruit, and the Far-

tners fliall have fallen in with it alfo, this County will be rendered abun-" -

dantly happy in it 5 and therefore I could really wifli, that whenever the

,

tho I affure my felf the Fruitt c'Der fliallriginal Tree decaycth,

will never be out of Ufe) his Statue (carved out of the^Stump, but by

,

and overlaid with Gold) may be ereded nearthe

he Hand

publick Road in the Place of it, at the comnion Charge of the County

of Se'Don.

V

^x

WHAT other Fruits there may be in Nature^ neither you nor

fay, becaufe you well know whenever we fow the Kernels of any Appl

we have always Varieties of new and unknown Apples produced

can

7

but

I will affirm I never taftedy Cyder equal y (not all the

genuine ffer^/ar^ I ever drank) thatof thWbitfom {FigMl^PlateLXXVll)

on



The Frui t-G ar DEN lUuJirated.

only excepted, (of which hereafter) and as yet the Controverfy

betwixt That and the Royal Wilding continues undctermin'd

139

THE Colour of the Royal Wtld'mg^ without any Affiftance of Jrt

in any Kind bright Tellowifi rather than a Redifh Beertjh Tind

The other Quahties are a JSlobk Body, an Excellent Bitter, a Tielicaie

(excufe the Expreffion) Roughnefs^ and a fine Vmous Flavour : All the

other Qualities you may meet with in fome of the bell of our South'

Ham Cyd but the laft is pecul to e Royal Wilding an

Whitfour only, and you will in vain look for it in any oth

BEFORE I yet leave Royal Wildings I muft furth let you

know, that it is fometimes called (tho' no lc(s injurioujly than unaccuvately)

the Red'Hill'Crahy from the Name of that Part of the Highway near

which the original Tree ftand J which called Red-Hill

THIS Name is injurious, becaufe Crah (as yet) is ufed among us iii

a Senfe of 2)iminutiony at leaft, if not of Reproach 5 or was it not fo,

it is plain there is nothing in that Name which fuggefts the fuperlative

Excellency of the riuit ^ whereas the Title of 'Rnynl tF^/i/^x carrieth ^f^

Its

hath to all other Cyder-Fruit yet difcoverU

it dcfervedly

AND this other Name, as I faid, is alfo maccurate, becaufe I rathet

which, however, fince you haveor an Jpple than a Crah (of

them bef( you>your felf may judge) For muft further you

know, that tho' we frequently take the Word Jppk for the whole Kind

(as we call the whole Kind Horfes, including as well Mares as Horfes^

y

more ftridtly fpeaking) yet when we Ipeak more exaRly, we underftand

e Word Apph in Oppofitxon and ConiraiiBion to the Cral, which moft

commonly is a very fmallj harjh, yellow Fruit, and ordinarily groweth

in our Hedge-Rows, tho' they make very large and very lafting Trees^

however, I have feen one Sort of this <very fmall barjh Fruit finely ftreak'd

with red Outfide 5 and in my Neighbourhood there is one Tree o

another Kind of them, which is red both Infide and Outfid

the only one of the Kind I ever &w or heard o£

fand It IS

WHILST



140

/

O M N Or7

WHIST I have thus had occafion to mention the Crah^ it may

not be.improp rm you that the Excellence of em

was commonly know

for Cyd

n within thefe late Years

They were formerly fufFer'd to fall and he eaten hy the Hogs, when they

would eat them, (which was not always^ becaufe of their Harfhnefs) or

elfe to rot upon the Ground : But they are now fo well underftood, that

they fell at a much greater Value than the common Apples, andwe begin

propagate them by Grafting in our Orchards, tho'^ in my Opthey do much better as an Ingrediejjt

y

Cydywhen mix'd with other

Fruit, than when pounded by themfehes. The firft Difcovery of their

Ufefulnefs was the pounding of fome of them for Vinegary which. when

tailedJproved much better Cyder than any of the common Cyder of

Country

•

HOWEVER,there is

a much fmaller Sort of Crab with us, notlarger than the Top of Thum

y

but growing only in Bujhes) which we never put

them only to make Vinegar.

(and I think never making a Jv7

Cyder, but ufe^

YOUwiy

It may beythink k improper if I take Notice to you

this Place, that Cyder made all of any Sort of Wildings^ (that IS

firft faid of Apples propagated from Kernels, and

of

Jas

grafted upon

with any Sort of Fruity tho' youmay graft them on what Stocks

pleafe)

youfound to be excellently good, and much preferable to that

made with our common Appl There is a Gentleman in the Neigh

whichourhood of Exeter^ who hath now large Plantations of them

furniOi him with admirable Liquor 5 but the beft of it wants the delicate

d moft dijlinguijlo d Flavour of

did I meet

the Royal Wilding and Whitfour-y nor

any Wilding, (nor indeed in any other Apple) ex

cept in one Sort of Wilding of my om, of which I jflhall fay fomething

byând-by.^ *

r

HAVE only to add concerning the Royal Wilding, that with

thefe twelve or fourteen Years

Grafts have been propagated

and.

believe

This

if I miftakey

were fent for from rorkjh

heard about two Years fince,

more than 200,000 of the

l>}eighloimng Counties3

3d what would you fay if they

fome of them

ould

be

^

r



The Fruit-Garden lUnfirated. I4.£

be tranfplanted to the Rhhiey wliich how IS not aItog tm

d f(Yohabk as you are apt to innagine 5 for a Gentleman who carrii

of the Whitfour with him into Germanyy (and^ as I have before faid>

fay which of the two exceeds) aflured me, that when he had

much celebrated the Glories of his Cyder, a German, whofe Expecla

of this extraordinary Liquor were much raifed when he had tafted

it, cried out. He found nothhig in it^ for It âs only like their Rhenifh.

AND thus much for the RoyaJ Wilding am now let you

know as much as

Whitefo}

fpell

my felf do of its only Rival the Whitfo>

It as you pleafe) of which, however^ you will find

have much lefs to lay^ than on the other beloved Siibjed^ becaufe I am

at fome Diflance from that Part of our County which chiefly produceth

it, and becaufe it ftemeth to be in a great meafure co-incident with many

of the Things I have before told you of the Royal Wilding,t

THIS is fmall yellow Apple, which fall very ioo Thtnxjo or (as others fay) three Sorts of them_, but the beft is w

call the Tancrafs Whitfour^ (tho* why fo called I cannot tell you) :

is the fmalleft 3 there were fome of them in my Neighbourhood a g

they

many Years iince, 4inJLJL4trio\i2

ome other Part of

XKT

County3

might have been dif

they are the genume

Produce of that Part of the County called the South-Ham, (bounded by

the Rivers Teing and Dart^ and are not yet common in the other Parts

of our County, tho' we now begin to promote them as faft as we think

we have got Royal Wildings enow^*

A S far as 1 c^n learn they have been Ion in the South-Ham, but

until within thefe eight or ten Years in fo bad Reputation, that the

Cyder of them fold for one halfSie Value lefs than the other Cyder, as

a Gentleman of that Country (very well acquainted with the Cyder-

Knowledge of thofe Parts) told me.

THE âlities of the Juices are precifely the fame with thofe of the

Royal Wilding5and very near one to the other^ that, as have

before often fuggefted, they are perfed Rivals,

hich

and created fuch a

was an Ear-Witnefs.Conteft, as is very uncommon, and of w Â Gentleman of the South-Ham whofe Whitfour Cyders, for the Year

O o

9

wêre

#«

V,



f

14.2 O M O N Or,

were very celebrated, (for our Cyder Vintages, like thofe of the

Clarets and TortSy are very different in different Tears) and had been*

andrank of by another Gentleman, who was a happy Pofleffoi

conteftcd Lord, facile 'Princeps^ of the Royal Wi/dingy met at theHoufe

of the latter Gentl

\

eman, a Year or two after the fam'd Royal Wildi

you may be fure was produced, as the beft Return for the Whitfour that

had been taflied at the other Gentleman's : And what was

Each Gentlem did

e Conteft ?

not contend

Cyder

>as IS ufual that his was e

>but fuch was the jEquilihium of the J

Beji

'} fuch the Ge

nerofity of their Breafts, (for finer Gentlemen we have not in our County)

that each affirmed his own was the worft 5 the Gentleman of the South'-

Ham declared in Favour of the Royal Wilding, and the Gentleman of

Parts declared for the Whitfour, In the mean time, the Company

(which was publick and very numerous) could not d-ecide the Contro

/

ybecaufe (being Gentlemen of the ftrideft Juftice) e

was not then prefent to fpeai, fc

of the

itfelf

Whitfo

But thofe who had tailed each

mas far as

they could judge from the Reprefentations of their

Memories, remained under a perfed Indeterminationn

\

THE Manner in which the Whitfour came tojhew itfelf Its true

tufb^

and thofe which hav

H: Cydersthe boldeft Rougbnefs, (and for any thing I know

the Cafe is the fame with all AppI

are permitted to fland on the Grofs

are taken offfrom them^ the more they are foftned

to rack them from the fouler or thicker Lyes^ as foon

they are feparated in fome tolerable Manner, which (according' to the

Juices) grow harder the longer they

and therefore the fooner they

we therefore chuf^

we perceive

Day

frequently you rack it to threew

will not bear it above twice

or more diflurbed Weather) is ordinarily in two, three

and the more foft you would have your Cyd

four

the more

four Times only5 the weaker Cyd

BYtho Repi

Method

z I and

> far as I can learn, the Whitfour was firft brought

have within thefe ten Day

(brought from the South-Bams) made this twelve Month

tafted of that Cyd7

whichummer, and perfedly^^^^

had come that Morning from the Pound

had all the Roughnefs and Boldnefs which

s, bottled lafl

was as fweet and mellow as tho' it

and under all that Honey^ it

is the Glory of our Cyder :

only

«



m

The Fru I Ga H DE N lUuJlrated.m

143

only wife People would be more fparing in that firft Racking, that they

may thereby deftroy that Lafctvioufnefs which may be acceptable to a

Female or a LoiidoneVy but is ever ofFcnfive to a hid and generous Weft"

Saxon.

WHAT I have now faid of Racking the Whitfour holds good of all

the other letter Cyders likewife, an the Reafon of the Adva

of South'Ham Cydi

-

that Reputation which it hath gotten of

late Years : A fliort Account of which will

acceptable.

may be) prove un

THE Claret in which our truly Loyal Gen ever drank

Church and King^ was ftopp'd from France by Revoli

was imooffible

have it in

Bourdeaux

they live without Di

d as impoffibl

fair Way (any other you know they always fcorn'd) from

They had endured an half Fi >(that of Drink) an

toagifter Artis Ingeniique Largltor Fenter^ they applied thcmfelvcs

improve the Produce of their own Fruit. This o£frequent Racking was

the happy and fuccefsful Thought>

Fruits much mended, that I ma!ce no doubt

.vhich they found their rougher

a free Trade with^' _ -jC'i i r.

France^z.^ naw~aa Import of tbe fmaller Clarets wRoyal

ould

and Whitfour may become ordinarily venddk, Bourdeaux itfelf may

feel the Effefts of it.

WHILST I am fpeaking to you of Raclhig, I muft not omit to fay.

that a Perfon in my Neighbourhood, who had the Whitfc his Or

hard many Years^ (tho' either by mixing it with other Fruits, or for

want o the talent of proclaiming itj he never tributed towards

Ifing its Reputation) hath told me, That unlefs you watch it carefully.

from grofler Ly>(which WJ11 beand take its firft Sep

very fewDays)

this perhaps would be no ill Rule to be obferv'd in all the ftronger

m

difficult Matter ever to get it fine after

m a

And

Cyd3

tho' whether this was his Cafe in a Jingle Year9(and

fuch Cafes I know are frequently to be met with) or whether he alivay

found it fo, I do not remember that I enquired of him.

WHAT





dB3>

The FRUiT-GARbEN IHuftrated.

I

45

LET me, to dole1

Account of thefc

t

tliat I haveheard them authoritativeh

Liquors, afTure yoii >

liave feen Bourdemix and

tied the 2)evoJiJIjfre Stire >

before them

Cyders.

>an ha\

:n Btivgundy ftand melancholy and

hedrd White tflm called for to

^gleffedL

thoIc*

1

AND fo much for Royal Wilding znAWhitfour,

alfo informed of the Mediate^ or (as our common Peopl

You dcfired bfe

Meadeater

nothin

The

o Size

Apple Itfelf hath bee

> &.

fent) >

: pronounce

d therefore I

T L r

nly I muft tell you (which I fliould

alfo have faid of the Whitfour) that it is a very conftant pknuftil

Bearer every other Year, and.maketh a vcryhandfome (tho' no exceeding

large) Tree, nor (if I miftake not) is ic as liable to Blights as mo

other Trees are; '^^'

I f f' * > %

1 ^

"

THE Juices of it have all the Body and Roughnefs of the two other

Cyders before fpoken of, and make good Advances to the fame Golden

Colour iJbut, alas ! want the perfe6ling and dijl'tnguljloing Flavour

thofe Unparallerds : Nor when made by itfelf is it ever (or very rar

ever, andthat furelvnot without filch Art as I could never yet

Maftcr

e a

runk up. fomc Cyder

fent to a Gentleman for a Prefent, which w^s faid to Be Jll of this Sort,

and which might vie with the beft Royal Wildtiig or Whitfour j but had

I been to talk with the Maker himfelf, I imagine I fliould have foundI

there was a Mixture of other Fruit with it : This is fure,- that by Means

its l>loble Body Jand excellent Roughnefs^ it is a moft vakahle Apple,

and becomes an excellent tngredtent in Cyde'i*, efpecially difcreetly forted

with Fruit of a brisker and quicker Nature.

r

\

i

iT is commonly faid to have its Name from a Meadow Gate^ ftear

which the original Plarit (the happy Parent of -this laudahk Apple) firft

/ flood 5for in the ar Dialed of our Country,- we call a Afead

ead (I know not how to convey to yOu the true Sound of that laftMi

Spelling) d by the fame Way of fpeaking call a Gate a Teate

the Lawyers write yeon:)en for gin)en) d thefe Words put togeth9

common Pronunc will afford Meadyaie^ wnic IS eafily a(Tea

-;--

mo



11^6

i

O M O N A: Or,

1

into Meadeatey and that as eafily into (what the letter Sort ufi

pronounce Mideate, tho* wheth e Faa or

tatiofi and Facility of the Etymology^ that gave occafi

nly the Invi"

this Account

f it. I take upon me to affirm?only am more inclind

think the latter^ becaufe I never hear the Farmer^ or Ejlate^ or Varijh

)r *tis laid to be ori-r even the Part of the South-Hams mention'd,L

ginally of that Country) where this Tree, or this Gate, or this Meadow

all which we canas, -or how long fince it begun to be propagated3

point out of the Royal Wilding, as you have before feen

/

THE Apple hath been long known 5 it is common in the Orchards

of feveral Farmers,r

of more Gentlemen) tho' until of late there

wete but io.'^ of thofe Farmers that kt any great Value on themf%

THESE are the three Sorts of Aptlty County, which do

yet carry the greatefl: Reputation for Cyder. You defire of me further

of my own, which yielded a Liquor thatn Account of Ibme

was talked of every where, about three Years fince 5 and in that alfo I

fliall deavour to gratify you. They were the Produce of fome

Kernels of the Red-Jlreak Apples, which, when fit to be tranfplanted,

fet round two of the Fields near my Houfe, (fince turned into Orchards)

withoorêvwr OfTJpTfig rhem

the djoining Hedges or not, I cannot

icy oTxiitm Cwhcther cramp'd

Tree the Fruit of them is various, moftly

tifually are, but ^fmaller the Apple

eally fey) make but a fmall

y fmall, (as allWildings

IS a

in Reafon, the letter the Cydcoriftant Rule among us) and generally /fr^^^jy with Red and

many of them (I mean the Produce of feveral of the Trees^

much unltk

) not very

>for from the Kernels of the felf-fam Apples, you fcnow

•we have always very different Sorts of Fruit

r

BESIDES fome other T>iffi of lefs Note to be obferv'd

thcfe Wildings 5 the Fruit (^ fome few of ^the Trees

m

hrg than that of the Generality of the others

Wildings is fmall) and fome of them

others \

is confiderabl

(which like moft

'are more ftreak'd with Red than

:i

I HAD





n

_ ^

148# -f

I ' O M N t Or#

9

Names indifferently it is talked of.3

Ion ince dran out5

hath any other bountiful Year as yeif yielded fuclr a Supply) when

the Tableleafantry and Converfation bring the Remembrance of it on

which will ever be done until fome happy Seafon fhall again bring more

of the Liquor it felf there. ^**

/ .

r ?

H ^ ,^«ir

HAD alnioft omitted to tell you, that Mr. WooUomle himfelf was

fummon'd to the Conteft betwixt this upjlart Wildings as he thought it,

and his own Royal one. The Suprize (and even almoft Silence) with

which he was feized at firft tailing it> was plainly perceiv'd every

one prefent, and occafion'd no fmall Diverfion : He did not roundly

pronounce it better thanl the RoyaJ Wildings but he fpent a great deal

of his Cyder Knowledge, in fhewing the Reafons why it might well be

expected that the Juices of this: CoUe6fio77 of Wildings, fhould be pre-

ferable to that made from any ^^^^/^ Wilding, fo ^r^^t is the Force of

Truth : And, this was all that was injijted on (and more^ than was e:^-»

^^<5?^^ from him) at that Time/ as well in ^ regard to the Allowances

there ought to be made to the Piety o( being Fond and Tender of one's

own Progeny, as to his real Merit in having difcover'd and promoted

that other admirahJe and molt excellent Apple.

J- ' "r

m^--g

n(h n

1 ^ . flMH

r:^^huncmYxrc€faaTrpm rhefe Triumphs

of my own Wilding, and let you know ,why I faid it was happy that

the Ccelejiial Title was affigned to it in the junliure of its being in the

Cask : for after it was Bottledj and the Advance of the Year .had rais'dl

it, the Juices appeared thinner than thofe of the Royal Wilding.

partook too much of the RarefaSiion of thofe Superior Regions from

whence it had luckily before gotteft its Name : It continued indeed fvery

excellent and admirahle Cyder, but was too Irisk, or rather, if you

will, frisking, whilft the Royal Wilding preferv'd all its Native Majejly

and Solejmiity j and from that Time was re-eftabhfh'd in the full and

peaceable VoSzSioti of the Throne^ to the no fmall Comfort of Mr.

Woolcomhe. -.

*

i

YOU will your felf take N^ f 1' p *

)

?that the Cyder from my Wildings

be promoted as the Royal Wilding hath been, becaufe IS latte

being but a fingle Apple, became eafily propagated5 whereas to make

this Cyder of mine, one Graft from each Tree in the Collection muft be

had.I

\



€^

The Fru IT-G ard e nf

ISuftrated,

J

I

had, and put on : Whether any one of tliefe

^figly would make fi4c7j

I much (jueftion^ (that it would make very good I do not doubt)

I fay whether among them there may be ojje or more, which

Cyd

tried Jeparately, might afford a

any other Apple hitherto k

nice equal (or fupertor) to

I have not yet examind them

of

e%

a6ily as to find any Reafon for fingling out any of them to make fuch

Experiment I had.

difcover the Event

ou know it muft be a long Courfc of Years

m

149

\

HAVE lately planted out two Orchards with Wildings, torn

Kernels (or Tips as we call th^) of the Royal Wilding, but the Trees

are fo very fmall, that they have not yet afforded me Opportunity for

ail Experiment Th Fruit that any of tbem have hitherto fiiewnJ

eems to a a good Found

Sort or another, will, for

for Expectation, Wildings of one

future^ be I bel chiefly ted

among ?an

m particular, as

mife themfelves the like îl^cefs

themfelves the Trouble

would Gentlemen fow the Kernels of the Red-Jireak

fee not why they might not reafonably pro-

would they now and then give

I did

<*

to promote any of their WildingSy that to

th(^j[gy?gjeemeth to bid fa

know

d others of them for excellent Cyd>

not

who can

gpV.< fnight:ê~~nlacjg

may4

monay anOffspring that may equal, or even

J e

or Whitfo themfel>

fin the Sorts of new ApplRoyal Wilding

that are to

be raifed from Kernels, are, as I before fuggefled, plainly Numherlefs

To make this Account o our Cyd as compl as can>

muft in the laft Place mention to you mother Sort, which hath not

been heard of among us more than fix or feven Years : The Name

of Cockag7

Cackag3

the Word>

as far as can learn

hiJI: which I, as well as you, am no Critick) : The Fruit is orl

ginally ftom Ireland, and the Cyder much valued in that Country

>

About fixt<

firjl broug

eighteen Years fin I am rightly informed) it was

over>

and promoted about Minehead in Somerfetjlj

Some Gentlemen of that County have got enough of it new to make

five, fix, or

to fro

ight Hogflieads a Year of the Cyd3and fuch as have

m the own Tables, fell, I am told from four to

Pounds an Hogihead

ght

<iS GEN



*^

150 P O M O N A, d-c.

F '•

\

;

GENTLEMAN favour d me fo to bring feme of the

Apples from IreJandy but by the time I had an Opportunity of feeing

*' The

Wine)

«*

them, they were fb decay'd, that I cannot defcribe them to you

Cyde the Colour of Sherry^ rath of French Whit

and every whit ^s^ne and clear : I have tafted of it from two feveral

the Gentlemen juft now mentionedrchards of Somerfetjh an

^

from

r -

landrought fome of the Cyder^ as well as the Apples^

hath a mo|e vinous Tafte than any Cyder I ever drank 3 and as the Sight

might deceive a curious Eye for Wine: fo I believe the Tafte mightp

an incurious Palate for

fpirituous^ and would

e i uor. feemeth alfc

believe, if experimented

be very

y foon intoxicatey but

wanting the generous Roughnefsy and even thtjine and delicate Flavour

(notwithftanding its mnous Relifh) as alfo the full Body of our Royal

Wilding knd JVhitfour j it is, in my Op3(and that of r the

/

reater Part of thofe Gentlemen I have ever talked with)— - ' _

Degrees ;

many

iferior to thofe Cyders of our County, and particularly Icfs

?ptahle to the Valatey and lefs grateful t^he Stomach

'

-^

/

ha

HAVE lately put on fome Grafts of them, but not enough'#

ey yct-Time-enough) to enable^

they will

make with me. I may perhaps another Year fet on more of them, but

I affure you for Curioftty only, and becaufe the Cyd<

for any other Ufe I ever intend to make of them.

talked of* not

/ am

^\ i» £

Pynesy Novemht

10, 1727 i

^^

*

. Tour moft ohliged Frieyidy .

and humlle Servant.9 ^

^.

^ • M

• ^. t ^

\

.

HUGH STAFFORD.r I

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Documents

Pomona Britannica 1817