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Post-War Europe and the Beginnings of the Cold War. The final casualty count: 72 Million. The Cost of the War. 420,000 Americans 23 million Russians 7.5 million Germans 6 Million Jews 4% of the 1940 world population. The Cost of the War. The war cost $2.1 trillion dollars. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Post-War Europe and the Beginnings of the
Cold War
The Cost of the War
The final casualty count: 72 Million 420,000 Americans 23 million Russians 7.5 million Germans 6 Million Jews
4% of the 1940 world population
The Cost of the War
The war cost $2.1 trillion dollars.
Impacts of World War II
War Crimes Trials Occupation of Germany Occupation of Eastern Europe Occupation of Japan The United Nations Marshall Plan Warsaw Pact NATO The Cold war
War Crimes TrialsMany atrocitiestook place at thehands of the AxisPowers. 11 Million murderedDuring the Holocaust byThe Nazis Estimates up to 30 millionSlaughtered by the Japanese(Rape of Nanking)
Nuremberg Trials
24 Nazi Civilian and Military leadersare put on trial for crimes against
humanity
Nuremberg Trials12 executed, 4 acquitted, 8 given a
prison sentence
Karl Donitz Hermann Goering Ernst Kaltenbrunner Prison Death
Death
Tokyo War Crimes25 put on Trial, 7 executed
Itagaki Seishiro -- Death
Hideki Tojo -- Death
The United NationsWhen does talk about established the“United Nations” begin?
What does the UN plan to replace?
The United NationsApril 25, 1945: 50 nations meet in San Francisco to establish a new Worldwide peacekeeping body.
UN S
ecur
ity C
ounc
il
U.S.AFranceBritainChina
U.S.S.R.
Which country stands out?
The Occupation of Eastern Europe
Following Germany’s defeat, Stalin’s army
Remains in Eastern Europe (Poland, Lithuania, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Etc.)
Occupation of Eastern Europe
Stalin takes over the governments of these countries and establishes Communist puppet states know as “satellite nations.”
Occupation of Eastern EuropeStalin’s Goals: Expansion of power Encourage the spread of
communism Create a barrier between Russia &
Germany Use Eastern Europe’s raw materials
to rebuild Russia’s economy Counterbalance U.S. influence
U.S.A vs. U.S.S.RU.S.A
Government Type
Democracy = Power to the
people
Economy TypeCapitalist =
People/Citizens own
business
U.S.S.R
Gov’t TypeSocialist = Power
to 1 dictator
Economy TypeCommunist =
Government owns business
Occupation of GermanyGermany divided
by the four allied powers
Great Britain, U.S.A., and France control West Germany
Russia controls East Germany
Occupation of Germany
The German capital, Berlin, is split as well even though it is inside of Eastern Germany.
The Iron Curtain
“A shadow has fallenupon the scenes so lately lighted by the Allied victory . . . From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.”
Iron Curtain
The Cold WAr
What was the Cold War?
The Cold War1945 1990
The Cold War begins at the end of World War II and ends with the fall
of the Soviet Union in 1991
Truman Doctrine:
The Marshall Plan
To help avoid war and rebuild Western Europe, the U.S. gives over $13 Billion to participating nations.
The Marshall PlanCan anyone think of another reason the U.S. would give all that money to these unstable countries?
The Berlin Airlift
1948: Stalin attempts to take over the parts of Berlin that belong to the Western powers.
He closes off all highway and rail routes into West Berlin.
The Berlin AirliftThe Western powers begin to send relief.
327 days277,000 flights2.3 million tons of supplies.
NO you don’t, Stalin!
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Increased fear of Soviet aggression after Berlin blockade
Ten Western European nations, along with the U.S. and Canada, create the North Atlantic Treaty organization. Pledge military support if one nation is
attacked. First peacetime military alliance in U.S.
History.
The Warsaw Pact Created by the Soviet Union in
response to NATO and West Germany’s rearmament.
Linked the Soviet Union with seven Eastern Bloc countries.
