Použití rengenofluorescenční

analýzy

Tomáš Čechák

Pro projekt „Cesta k vědě“ (veda.gymjs.net) vytvořil T. Čechák (tomas.cechak@fjfi.cvut.cz). Modifikace a šíření dokumentu podléhá licenci CC-

BY-SA.

Evropský sociální fond

Praha & EU: Investujeme

do vaší budoucnosti

The four science instruments, on the robotic arm are:

The Microscopic Imagerprovides close-up images of rocks and soil

The Mössbauer Spectrometeranalyzes the iron in rocks and soil

The Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer analyzes the elemental composition of rocks and soil

The Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT)grinds away the outer surface of rock to expose fresh material

The forearm also holds a small brush so that the Rock Abrasion Tool can spin against it to "brush its teeth" and rid the grinding tool of any leftover pieces of rock before its next bite

Simplified outline of orbitals in the electron shell

Energy dependence of characteristic radiation

spectral lines on Z

Moseley law

E = K (Z - b)2

Energy K spectral lines

Element Z Energy K line

S 16 2,3

Fe 26 6,4

Sn 50 25,2

Pb 82 75

Radioisotope gamma and X-ray sources

Halflife Dec. Energy

gamma [keV]

Assigment Energy [keV]

55Fe 2.73 y EC Mn K α1 5.90

Mn Kβ1 6.49

57Co 271.8d EC 14.41 Fe Kα1 6.40

122.1 Fe Kβ1 7.06

136.5

Halflife Dec. Energy

alpha

[MeV]

Energy

gamma

[keV]

Assigment Energy

X

[keV]

109Cd 462.6 d EC  88.04 Ag Kα1 22.16

Ag Kβ1 24.94

238Pu 87.7 y α 5.456 U Lα1 13.62

5.499 U Lβ1 17.22

U Lγ1 20.17

241Am 432.2 y α 5.485 26.34 Np Lα1 13.95

5.422 33.20 Np Lβ1 17.75

5.388 59.54 Np Lγ1 20.78

Radioisotope beta-exited X-ray sources

Source Halflife Type of decay

E[keV]

Usable E range [keV]

3H/Zr 12,33y β- 18,6 4-8

3H/Ti 12,33y β- 18,6 5-9

147Pm/Al 2.62 y β- 224,1 3 - 45

.

X - ray spectrum from 5555Fe

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

energy [keV]

coun

ts

Kb Mn

K Mn

X - ray spectrum from 238Pu

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

energy [keV]

coun

ts

L U

Lb1 U

Lb2 ULg1 U

X-ray spectrum from 241Am

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

energy [keV]

coun

ts

59,9 keV

X - ray spectrum from 3H/Zr

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

energy [keV]

coun

ts

X - ray spectra from calibration variable energy source 3837LA            Amersham

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

energy [keV]

coun

ts K Cu

Kb Cu

K Rb

Kb Rb

K Mo

Kb Mo

K Ag

Kb Ag

K Ba

Kb Ba

K Tb

Kb Tb

Example of typical sources

Mo, 20 kV,

Mo, 30 kV,

Mo, 40 kV,

Mo, 30 kV, 2 mm Al

Mo, 30 kV 0 mm 2 mm Al

Rh, 20 kV,

Rh, 40 kV,

W, 100 kV,

Spectrum of characteristic radiation exited in a coal sample

  

 

 

PPPfC ni,.........,

21

Paac ij

n

jjkokik

1

n

jnijjkikokik aPaPac

11

PdPPbPaac ij

n

jjkikij

n

j

n

kjj

jkijjkokik

2

11 1

 

    

n

j b

ij

jkokik PP

aac1

n

jn

b

ij

jkp

ikokik aP

PaP

Pac1

1

n

jb

ij

jk

b

ikijn

kjj

jk

n

j b

ij

jkokik

PP

dPPP

bPP

aac1

2

2

211

Spectrum B2(Chrisťs head)

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

0 5 10 15 20Energy [keV]

Cou

nts

K

Cu

K

Fe

L

Pb

Lb

Pb

L

Au

Kb

Cu

Lg P

b

Lb

Au

Spectrum of characteristic radiation exited from a black paint on a fresco( medieval painting )

Spectrum of characteristic radiation exited from a black paint on a fresco ( 19. century)

XRF spectrum of the red pigments on the fresco on the Karlstejn castle Red pigment used in the 14th century was the mixture of Vermilion, Saturn Red and Red Ochres. Red Ochres with Chinese White was used as a red pigment in the 19th century.

KT3

10

100

1000

10000

100000

0 5 10 15Energy [keV]

Cou

nts

K

S

K

Ca

L

Hg

L

Pb

K

Fe

KT6

1

10

100

1000

10000

0 5 10 15Energy [keV]

Cou

nts

K

Ca

K

Fe

K

Zn

where (e,a) represents the emitter – absorber layer system and (e) denotes only the emitter without

attenuating top layer

)(/)(

),(/),(

ee

aeaeg

IIII

b

b

1

10

100

1000

10000

0 5 10 15 20Energy [keV]

Cou

nts K

C

a

K

Cr

Kb

Co

K

Zn

K

Co

K

Mo

from

the t

ube

Žaltář, Čs. Budějovice, Folio 1v

Čínská rumělka

1

10

100

1000

10000

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Energie [keV]

CaK

HgL

Cu K

HgL

FeK

A1

Žaltář, Čs. Budějovice, Folio 1v

Azuritová modř

1

10

100

1000

10000

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Energie [keV]

Cu K

Cu KFe

K

CaK

A2

XRF spectrum of the cobalt blue measured with an X-ray tube

1

10

100

1000

10000

0 5 10 15 20Energy [keV]

Cou

nts K

C

a

K

Cr

Kb

Co

K

Zn

K

Co

K

Mo

from

the

tube

XRF spectrum of characteristic radiation obtained from the ink sample, the Manuscript of the Homiliary of the Opatovice Monastery. Ink with high iron content.

1

10

100

1000

10000

0 5 10 15 20Energy [keV]

Cou

nts

KC

a

KF

e

LP

b

Spectrum of characteristic radiation obtained from various part of the reliquary of St. Mauro

Spectrum of characteristic radiation obtained from various part of the reliquary of St. Mauro

Aplikace RFA v hornictví a geologii

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

ash content XRFA (% )a

sh c

on

ten

t

ch

em

(%)

`

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