Power and Fragility: Governance Programming in Fragile Contexts: A Programme Resource

7/30/2019 Power and Fragility: Governance Programming in Fragile Contexts: A Programme Resource

1/12

QNSJW HIK DWHCMBM[]?

CNTJWIHI@J QWNCWHLLMICMI DWHCMBJ @NI[JU[PH qwncwhllj wjpnzw`j


2/12

Mi{wnkz`{mni[emp czmkj mp ghpjk ni snwf g} {ej Mip{m{z{j nd

Kjtjbnqlji{ P{zkmjp %MKP- {n gwmic {ncj{ejw qnsjw

hik qnbm{m`hb j`ninl} hihb}pmp" hik n{ejw wjpjhwè"

zikjw{hfji mi dnzw nzi{wmjp mi nwkjw {n kwhs

gwnhkjw bjppnip dnw Nudhl dnw snwf ni cntjwihi`j

hik `m{mjipemq mi dwhcmbj `ni{ju{p) [ej czmkj mpswm{{ji dnw Nudhl @nzi{w} Kmwj`{nwp hik Qwncwhllj

Lhihcjwp hik hmlp {n qwntmkj qwh`{m`hb pzqqnw{

mi {ej kjpmci hik lhihcjlji{ nd cntjwihi j

qwncwhlljp) M{ lh} hbpn gj nd mi{jwjp{ {n p{hdd mi

n{ejw MICNp" hik {ej smkjw kjtjbnqlji{ snwbk)

Qnsjw hihb}pmp[ej wjpjhwè nlgmijk {sn {}qjp nd hihb}pmp

{n qwntmkj h kjjqjw hik lnwj zpjdzb hihb}pmp nd

qnsjw mi dwhcmbj nw e}gwmk p{h{jp %p{h{jp kmpqbh}mic

jbjlji{p nd gn{e hz{enwm{hwmhi hik kjln`wh{m`

cntjwihi`j-?

Qnbm{m`hb j`ninl} hihb}pmp" semè nipmkjwp ens

j`ninlm " pn`mhb" hik zb{zwhb p}p{jlp mi{jwh`{

sm{e {ej qnbm{m`hb p}p{jl {n hddj`{ qjnqbjp bmtjp ni

{ej cwnzik hik {ej nlqj{mic wzbjp nd {ej chlj mi

dnwlhb hik midnwlhb mip{m{z{mnip)

Qnsjw hihb}pmp" semè kwhsp ni Onei Chtji{hp {ewjj

`h{jcnwmjp nd qnsjw? tmpmgbj" emkkji" hik mitmpmgbj

%e{{q?..sss)qnsjw`zgj)ij{-)

Tmpmgbj qnsjw wjdjwp ejwj {n sen mp pjji {n smi

hik bnpj mi Vqzgbm`\ hwjihp" hik lh} `nlj sm{e h

qhw{m`zbhw dnwlhb wnbj" dnw juhlqbj gjmic h qwmlj

lmimp{jw nw n{ejw cntjwilji{ lmimp{jw" hik {ezpgjmic hgbj {n `ni{wnb `jw{hmi kj`mpmnip nw wjpnzw`jp)

Emkkji qnsjw lh} gj zpjk g} tjp{jk mi{jwjp{p {n

`ni{wnb kj`mpmnip nw wjpnzw`jp gh`fp{hcj6 ejwj

qnsjw lh} nlj dwnl gjmic hi midbzji{mhb wjbh{mtj

nw qnsjwdzb mtmb pjwthi{ bnpj {n {ej qwmlj lmimp{jw

nw n{ejw qnsjw,enbkjw" nw dwnl enbkmic gzpmijpp

mi{jwjp{p) Dzw{ejw" {ej jujw`mpj nd qnsjw lh} hbpn

gj mitmpmgbj jtji {n {enpj ntjw senl qnsjw mp

jujw`mpjk? snlji lh} in{ qhw{m`mqh{j mi ljj{micp nw

qz{ {ejlpjbtjp dnwshwk dnw dnwlhb jbj`{jk wnbjp jtji

md {ej} hwj bjchbb} ji{m{bjk {n gj`hzpj nd

{ejmw nsi hik n{ejwp kjjqb},ejbk hppzlq{mnip

hgnz{ ens {ej} penzbk gjehtj)

Lj{enknbnc}

MKPp wjpjhwè shp `nikz`{jk mi 7188 hik

dn`zpjk ni ]jlji" Hicnbh" L}hilhw" hik

Wshikh) [ej wjpjhwè lj{enknbnc} mi`bzkjk?

Hihppjpplji{ndNudhlpsnwfmi{ejpj

`nzi{wmjp" ghpjk ni mi{jwtmjsp sm{e p{hdd hik

qhw{ijwp)

Qnsjwhikqnbm{m`hbj`ninl}hihb}pmp

`nikz`{jkhwnzikjhè`nzi{w}`ni{ju{)

N{ejwkjpfwjpjhwè"mi`bzkmichwjtmjsnd

wj`ji{ h`hkjlm` bm{jwh{zwj)

[ej wjpjhwè shp tmjsjk hp h p{hw{mic qnmi{

{nmkji{md}ji{w}qnmi{p{ncntjwihi`jsnwf

midwhcmbj`ni{ju{p"hikqwntmkjczmkhi`j

dnwNudhlpsnwf)M{shpin{`nipmkjwjk

juehzp{mtjnwkjdmim{mtj"hikNudhl`ni{mizjp

{nkjtjbnqm{psnwfhik{emifmicmi{emphwjh)

Snwfmic {n wjh{jh``nzi{hgbjcntjwihi`jp{wz`{zwjp mi dwhcmbj`ni{ju{p pzè hpHdcehimp{hi qnpjplhi} ehbbjicjp)Qen{n? Wjz{jwp

7


3/12

Gh`fcwnzik?qnsjw sm{emi hiksm{enz{ {ej p{h{j[ej qhw{m`zbhw p{wjic{e {eh{ kj{hmbjk qnsjw hik

qnbm{m`hb j`ninl} hihb}pmp gwmicp {n qwncwhllj

snwf mi dwhcmbj `ni{ju{p mp {eh{ m{ hbbnsp Nudhl {n

mitjp{mch{j {ej izhi`jp nd sejwj qnsjw bmjp hik

{ezp {n mkji{md} nqqnw{zim{mjp dnw" hik ghwwmjwp {n"

èhicj hik midbzji`j mi qbh`jp sejwj {ej pm{zh{mni

pmcimdm`hi{b} nip{whmip lnwj zpzhb sh}p nd snwfmic)

[ej p{h{j jtji hi hz{enwm{hwmhi nw e}gwmk p{h{j

smbb in{ enbk h lninbm{em` cwmq ni qnsjw) Mi lnp{

p{h{jp" qnbm{m`hb qnsjw mp kmp{wmgz{jk zijtjib}

hik mp ejbk in{ nib} g} {ej dnwlhb mip{m{z{mnip nd

cntjwilji{ %bn`hb" qwntmi`mhb" hik ih{mnihb-" gz{

hbpn g} n{ejw h`{nwp" cwnzqp" hik mip{m{z{mnip

gn{e sm{emi hik sm{enz{ {ej p{h{j) Pnlj{mljp {emp

qnsjw smbb gj mitmpmgbj nw emkkji" hik smbb nib} gj

lhkj tmpmgbj {n Nudhl sm{e wmcnwnzp mitjp{mch{mni"

hkkm{mnihb pnzw`jp nd midnwlh{mni" hik kj{hmbjk

qnsjw hihb}pmp)

E}gwmk p{h{jpM{ mp in{ ejbqdzb {n pjj p{h{jp hp ji{mwjb}

hz{enwm{hwmhi nw kjln`wh{m`" nw ij`jpphwmb} mi

{whipm{mni gj{sjji {ej {sn6 hik {n `nipmkjw h

p{h{j kjln`wh{m` h{ {ej lnlji{ nd dmwp{ jbj`{mnip

lh} in{ wjdbj`{ {ej wjhbm{} nd m{p cntjwihi`j) Lhi}dnwljwb} hz{enwm{hwmhi p{h{jp smbb h`{zhbb} gj e}gwmk

p{h{jp" sejwj {ej qnqzbh{mni p{mbb juqjwmji`jp emce

bjtjbp nd p{h{j ni{wnb nw wjqwjppmni hik sejwj {ej

qwnpqj`{p dnw pzgp{hi{mtj kjln`wh`} hwj zi`jw{hmi)

Ijtjw{ejbjpp" {ejwj lh} gj dnwlhb nw midnwlhb

nqqnw{zim{mjp dnw midbzji`j mi pzè `nzi{wmjp)

E}gwmk p{h{jp lh} mi`bzkj nzi{wmjp sejwj {ejwj ehp

gjji h dnwlhb {whipm{mni {n kjln`wh`} gz{ {ejwj hwj

p{mbb qn`fj{p nd wjpmp{hi`j %dnw juhlqbj L}hilhw- nw

sejwj" kjpqm{j h dnwlhb kjln`wh`}" {ej p{h{j p{mbb

dzi`{mnip mi h emceb} hz{enwm{hwmhi sh}" dnw juhlqbj

sm{e p{wnic knlmihi`j nd {ej lmbm{hw} mi cntjwilji{

mip{m{z{mnip" tmnbh{mnip nd ezlhi wmce{p" hik bmlm{jk

`nipzb{h{mni sm{e mtmb pn`mj{}) Tmpmgbj qnbm{m`hb qnsjw

mi e}gwmk p{h{jp nd{ji nmi`mkjp sm{e emkkji qnsjw

qwntmkjk g} pj`zwm{} dnw`jp pzqqnw{ dnw cntjwilji{"

nw hwmpmic dwnl cntjwilji{ `ni{wnb nd j`ninlm`

h`{mtm{mjp pzè hp wjpnzw`j ju{wh`{mni) P{zk} nd

kjln`wh{m` {whipm{mnip pensp {eh{ kjln`wh{m`

`nipnbmkh{mni mp h bnic,{jwl qwn`jpp" nd{ji sm{e

pj{gh`fp hik in bjhw nz{`nlj)

@m{mjipQnsjw hihb}pmp hi hbpn {ewns bmce{ ni {ej

wjbh{mnipemq gj{sjji {ej p{h{j hik qhw{m`zbhw cwnzqp

nd m{mjip) Kmddjwji{ m{mji cwnzqp ghpjk hwnzik

cjikjw" hcj" kmphgmbm{}" wh`j" j{eim`m{}" `bhpp j{`

smbb juqjwmji`j kmddjwji{ wjbh{mnipemqp sm{e {ej p{h{j?

pnlj cwnzqp lh} pjj {ejlpjbtjp hp `bmji{p mi h

qh{wnihcj wjbh{mnipemq" mi semè hi}{emic {ej p{h{jqwntmkjp mp h cmd{6 nw {ej} lh} qjw`jmtj {ejlpjbtjp

hp `m{mjip sm{e {ej wmce{ {n pjwtm`jp qwntmkjk g} {ej

p{h{j)

Qjnqbjp qjw`jq{mnip nd {ej p{h{j lh} hbpn thw}

kwhlh{m`hbb} h``nwkmic {n {ejmw mkji{m{} hik pn`mhb

qnpm{mnimic) Dnw juhlqbj" cjikjw,ghpjk tmnbji`j

%CGT-" p{mclh wjbh{jk {n EMT" hik qnbm`j gwz{hbm{} hi

gj lz{zhbb},wjmidnw`mic md snlji sen juqjwmji`j

CGT hwj zihgbj {n pjjf wjkwjpp {ewnzce {ej dnwlhb

ozp{m`j p}p{jl bjhkmic {n h bh`f nd {wzp{ mi {ej

qnbm{m`hb p}p{jl) @mtmb pn`mj{} ehp h fj} wnbj {n qbh}mi nwchimpmic m{mjip hwnzik mppzjp nd mkji{m{}"

mi{jwjp{" bmtjbmennk j{`" {ejwjg} hlqbmd}mic {ej tnm`j

hik qnsjw nd nwkmihw} qjnqbj hik h`{mic hp hi

mi{jwljkmhw} mi {ej wjbh{mnipemq gj{sjji m{mji hik

p{h{j)

Hwljk h`{nwpHwljk h`{nwp lh} hbpn enbk pmcimdm`hi{ qnsjw mi

e}gwmk p{h{jp" hik sejwj {ej p{h{j mp pensi {n

gj mijddj`{mtj nw wjqwjppmtj bn`hb nllzim{mjp

lh} nipmkjw {ejl bjcm{mlh{j pnzw`jp nd qnsjw

hik hz{enwm{}) Juhlqbjp mi`bzkj? kjdji`j zim{p mi

inw{ejwi Zchikh" lmbm{mhp mi Pnz{e Pzkhi" qhwh,qnbm`j

lmbm{mhp mi Wmn kj Ohijmwn" nllzim{} sh{è cwnzqp mi

@hqj [nsi" hik qhwhlmbm{hwmjp hik wjgjb cntjwihi`j

mi @nbnlgmh) Nudhl lh} ijjk {n nipmkjw jichcmic

sm{e hwljk h`{nwp mi ni{ju{p sejwj {ej} hwj pensi

{n gj pmcimdm`hi{ qnsjw,enbkjwp)

L}hilhw? qnsjw mi h e}gwmk p{h{j

L}hilhw mp zikjwcnmic h qjwmnk nd èhicj)

[ej hz{enwm{hwmhi cntjwilji{ mi qbh`jpmi`j {ej 8=41p ehp gjczi {n hbbns pnlj

kmp{wmgz{mni nd dnwlhb qnsjw" sm{e {ej

jp{hgbmpelji{ nd h qhwbmhlji{ mi 7188) [ejwj

mp p`jq{m`mpl hgnz{ {ej kjq{e nd qnbm{m`hb

wjdnwl" cmtji {ej emp{nw} nd tmnbji`j hik

p{h{j pzwtjmbbhi`j semè ehp bnic gjji zpjk

{n lhmi{hmi `ni{wnb) Ensjtjw" ijs bjcmpbh{mni

cmtjp qjnqbj {ej wmce{ {n nwchimpj {ewnzce

{whkj zimnip" hik {n `nikz`{ jbj`{mni

`hlqhmcimic) Hik ijs bhsp wjbh{mic {n

dwjjknl nd {ej qwjpp hik hbbnsmic qjh`jdzb

hppjlgb}ehtjgjjikwhd{jk)Qhwbmhlji{hw}

qwn`jppjp hwj ins wjqnw{jk mi p{h{j ljkmh

hik h kjcwjj nd `nipzb{h{mni ehp p{hw{jk sm{e

`mtmb pn`mj{} ni pnlj mppzjp)Hp h{ Hzc 7187)

0


4/12

Zpmic qnsjw hikqnbm{m`hb j`ninl}hihb}pmp miqwncwhllmic

Qnsjw hihb}pmp %{hfji ejwj {n ljhi qnsjw hik qnbm{m`hbj`ninl} hihb}pmp- `hi ejbq Nudhl gj{{jw zikjwp{hik

sen enbkp qnsjw" h{ gn{e bn`hb hik ih{mnihb bjtjb hik

h`wnpp thwmnzp pqh`jp hik seh{ nqqnw{zim{mjp {ejwj

hwj {n midbzji`j {ejl {n hèmjtj èhicj)

Hp kmp`zppjk hgntj" qnsjw hihb}pmp hi wjtjhb ens

qnbm{m`hb qnsjw mp h`{zhbb} kmp{wmgz{jk mi h `nzi{w}"

ejbk in{ nib} g} kmddjwji{ dzi`{mnip" kjqhw{lji{p"

hik bjtjbp nd {ej p{h{j gz{ hbpn g} cwnzqp hik

h`{nwp sm{enz{ {ej p{h{j) Hik m{ hi jihgbj Nudhl

{n zikjwp{hik" dnw juhlqbj" sejwj {enpj sen smjbk

dnwlhb mip{m{z{mnihb qnsjw hwj {ejwj hp smikns,kwjppmic dnw {enpj lhfmic kj`mpmnip dwnl gjemik {ej

p`jijp6 sejwj {enpj sen jujw`mpj dnwlhb qnsjw hwj

knmic pn onmi{b} sm{e bjpp tmpmgbj" midnwlhb h`{nwp6 hik

sejwj h`{nwp nz{pmkj {ej dnwlhb p{h{j p{wz`{zwj hwj

pmcimdm`hi{ qnsjw,enbkjwp) Qnsjw hihb}pmp penzbk gj

`nikz`{jk ni {ej ghpmp nd midnwlh{mni dwnl h smkj

thwmj{} nd pnzw`jp" hik lzp{ nipmkjw {ej qhw{m`zbhw

ijjkp hik juqjwmji`jp nd kmddjwji{ cwnzqp pzè hp

snlji" }nz{e" hik lminwm{} cwnzqp)

Hd{jw nikz`{mic h qnsjw hihb}pmp" {ej iju{ p{hcj

smbb gj {n `nipmkjw ens {n snwf sm{e" hik midbzji`j"

{hwcj{jk qnsjw,enbkjwp h{ kmddjwji{ bjtjbp %{enpj

mkji{mdmjk hp gjmic lnp{ hgbj {n hèmjtj {ej èhicj

{eh{ Nudhl pjjfp-) Jhè dnwl nd qnsjw smbb ijjk {n

gj {hwcj{jk mi {ej sh} lnp{ bmfjb} {n midbzji`j {ej

qnsjw,enbkjw dnw juhlqbj" qwntmkmic {jèim`hb

hktm`j" m{mji lngmbmph{mni" zpmic ljkmh {n qwnln{jljpphcjp" mi{jwih{mnihb hktn`h`} j{`) Snwfmic h{ hbb

bjtjbp nd cntjwihi`j %bn`hb" qwntmi`mhb" hik ih{mnihb-

mp lnwj bmfjb} {n bjhk {n pzp{hmihgbj èhicj {ehi

snwfmic nib} h{ nij bjtjb? {emp mp qhw{m`zbhwb} {wzj hp

kmddjwji{ bjtjbp nd cntjwihi`j lh} gj hgbj {n h`{ hp

bjtjwp {n qz{ qwjppzwj ni n{ejw bjtjbp)

Mi nwkjw {n midbzji`j h thwmj{} nd kmddjwji{ {}qjp nd

qnsjw,enbkjw h{ kmddjwji{ bjtjbp nd cntjwihi`j"

Nudhl ijjkp {n lhmi{hmi h qwjpji`j mi {ej dnwlhb

hik mitm{jk pqh`jp wjh{jk hik ni{wnbbjk g}

cntjwilji{" sembj hbpn gzmbkmic wjbh{mnipemqpsm{e h thwmj{} nd midnwlhb qnsjw,enbkjwp nz{pmkj

cntjwilji{ hik `nitjimic pqh`jp dnw pzè

qnsjw,enbkjwp {n jichcj sm{e `nllzim{mjp) [ejwj

hwj bjhwb} wmpfp hppn`mh{jk sm{e {emp hqqwnhè" dnw

mip{hi`j gjmic nipmkjwjk g} bn`hb nllzim{mjp

{n nbbhgnwh{j sm{e h wjqwjppmtj cntjwilji{" gjmic

pjji hp hi{m,cntjwilji{ g} {ej cntjwilji{" nw

gjmic hppn`mh{jk sm{e dh`{mnip sen bnpj nw hgzpj

qnsjw) M{ mp mlqnw{hi{ dnw Nudhl {n hppjpp hik

lhihcj {ejpj wmpfp hqqwnqwmh{jb})

[ej nddm`mhb bhziènd Nudhlp Sm{emihik Sm{enz{ {ejP{h{j qwnoj`{ miPnz{e Pzkhi" Ozb}7187) [ej qwnoj`{smbb gzmbk {ej`hqh`m{} nd @PNp {nmidbzji`j ih{mnihbqnbm`} kjgh{jphik mlqwntjcntjwihi`j)Qen{n? Nudhl

;


5/12

Mi`nwqnwh{j m{mjip zikjwp{hikmic ndqnsjw hik pj`zwm{}M{ mp mlqnw{hi{ dnw Nudhl {n zikjwp{hik ens

mipj`zwm{}" qnsjw" hik {ej bjcm{mlh`} nd qnsjw,

enbkjwp" hwj h`{zhbb} qjw`jmtjk g} m{mjip hik {hfj

{emp mi{n nipmkjwh{mni mi {ej kjpmci nd cntjwihi`j

qwncwhlljp) Qjnqbj h``zp{nljk {n mipj`zwm{} hik

`nidbm`{ lh} thbzj p{hgmbm{} hik bh`f nd tmnbji`j

hgntj hbb jbpj" hik sejwj {ej p{h{j dhmbp {n qwntmkjghpm` pjwtm`jp" ini,dnwlhb h`{nwp sen hwj hgbj {n

ljj{ {ejmw ijjkp %dnw dnnk hik qwn{j`{mni- lh} ehtj

h bjcm{mlh`} mi {ejmw j}jp semè {ej p{h{j bh`fp)

Sm{enz{ {emp kj{hmbjk zikjwp{hikmic nd qnsjw"

Nudhl smbb dhmb {n zikjwp{hik {ej mlqnw{hi{ wnbj nd

pehkns qbh}jwp hik {smbmce{ mip{m{z{mnip %pzè hp

wjqwjpji{h{mtjp nd qnsjwdzb {wmgjp mi ]jlji" chicp mi

zwghi hwjhp" lmbm{mhp" wjgjb cwnzqp j{`-)

Mkji{md}mic qnsjw,enbkjwp nipmkjwjk bjcm{mlh{j g}

`m{mjip whmpjp nqqnw{zim{mjp hik wmpfp dnw Nudhl) Ni

{ej nij ehik" m{ `wjh{jp ji{w} qnmi{p {n midbzji`jcntjwihi`j p{wz`{zwjp nw gzmbk p{wz`{zwjp {eh{ hwj

lnwj wjpqnipmtj {n m{mjip ijjkp hik qhw{m`mqh{mni)

Ni {ej n{ejw ehik" penzbk Nudhl snwf sm{e pzè

midnwlhb qnsjw,enbkjwp" jtji seji {ej} hwj hwljk

hik qwjkh{nw}> @nbbhgnwh{mni sm{e pzè h`{nwp lh}

`nlqwnlmpj thbzjp" mitnbtj wjhb pj`zwm{} wmpfp" hik

gnbp{jw ini,h``nzi{hgbj qnsjw p{wz`{zwjp hik

zb{mlh{jb} qwjpji{ h ehbbjicj {n Nudhlp bnic,

{jwl kjtjbnqlji{ hml nd `ni{wmgz{mic {nshwkp {ej

gzmbkmic nd hi h``nzi{hgbj p{h{j) Ensjtjw" ntjwhbb"

kjtjbnqmic qwncwhlljp mi wjbh{mni {n `m{mjip

juqjwmji`jp nd mipj`zwm{} snzbk ejbq {n pehwqji

hppzlq{mnip hgnz{ ens ehicj ehqqjip" hik

ejbq {n kjtjbnq lnwj qwj`mpj p{wh{jcmjp {n hkkwjpp

cntjwihi`j mi {whipm{mni ni{ju{p)

Qnsjw mi qwh`{m`j

Mi Hicnbh {ej qwjpmkji{ hik emp miijw `mw`bjp

dnwlhdnwlmkhgbjgbn`fnddnwlhbhikmidnwlhb

qnsjw" wjmidnw`jk g} ni{wnb nd {ej nmb mikzp{w})

[ej cntjwilji{ mp in{ pzqqnw{mtj {nshwkp

@PNp"MICNphik{ejljkmh)H{bn`hbhik

qwntmi`mhbbjtjb"{ejwjhwjnqqnw{zim{mjp{nsnwf

sm{e {ej dnwlhb pqh`jp nd cntjwilji{ mi {ej

`ni{ju{ndkj`ji{whbmph{mni"gz{cntjwilji{

`hqh`m{}mpsjhf)H{{empbjtjbm{mpmlqnw{hi{

{nsnwfhbpnsm{emidnwlhbqnsjw,enbkjwp)

Mi Wshikh"hb{enzce{ejWshikhiQh{wmn{m`

Dwni{ mp knlmihi{" ijs bjhkjwp pnlj nd

senlqwjtmnzpb}snwfjkmi@PNplh}gj

lnwj wjdnwlmp{" sembp{ {ej snljip `hz`zp

hik qhwbmhlji{hw} nlgzkplhi lh} qwntmkj

nqqnw{zim{mjp dnw qnpm{mtj nbbhgnwh{mni hik

midbzji`j)

Nudhl p{hddkmp`zppmic cjikjwjxzhbm{} sm{e ljidwnl {ej ShikmhiTmbbhcj @nllm{{jj"Hdcehimp{hi)Qen{n? _hdjw.Nudhl

Mi{jcwh{j qnsjw hihb}pmp mi{n {ejqwncwhllj `}`bjSen enbkp qnsjw hi ehicj whqmkb} mi dwhcmbj

`ni{ju{p) [n gj zpjk jddj`{mtjb} mi qwncwhllmic"

qnsjw hihb}pmp ijjkp {n gj zikjw{hfji in{ nib}

hp qhw{ nd p{wh{jcm` qbhiimic h{ {ej p{hw{ nd h

qwncwhllj" gz{ ni hi ni,cnmic ghpmp) Hihb}pmp

penzbk gj mi{jcwh{jk mi{n qwncwhllj qbhiimic"

kjpmci" hik ni,cnmic lhihcjlji{ hp sjbb hp mi{n

lnim{nwmic" jthbzh{mni hik bjhwimic p}p{jlp) Dnw

dzw{ejw midnwlh{mni hgnz{ ens {n `nikz`{ qnsjw

hik qnbm{m`hb j`ninl} hihb}pmp" hik h bmp{ nd zpjdzb

wjpnzw`jp hik {nnbfm{p" qbjhpj pjj gh`f qhcj)

:


6/12

Ji{w} qnmi{phik hqqwnhèjp{n p{wjic{ejicntjwihi`j hik

`m{mji qhw{m`mqh{mniWjpjhwè mi {ej dnzw `nzi{wmjp p{zkmjk wjtjhbjk h

izlgjw nd qnppmgbj ji{w} qnmi{p hik hqqwnhèjp

dnw qwncwhllj snwf" hp kmp`zppjk gjbns) [ejwj mp"

ensjtjw" pmcimdm`hi{ kmtjwpm{} gj{sjji kmddjwji{

dwhcmbj `ni{ju{p hik e}gwmk p{h{jp kjqjikmic ni {ej

kjcwjj nd hz{enwm{hwmhimpl nd {ej cntjwilji{" hik {ej

qhw{m`zbhw wjbh{mnipemq gj{sjji p{h{j hik pn`mj{}) [ej

pm{zh{mni mi pzè p{h{jp `hi hbpn èhicj whqmkb} hik

mi zijuqj`{jk sh}p) M{ mp {ejwjdnwj tm{hb {eh{ qbhip hwj

lhkj" hik hqqwnhèjp ènpji" {eh{ hwj hqqwnqwmh{j {n

{ej pqj`mdm` hihb}pmp nd {ej `nzi{w} `ni{ju{ hik {eh{

{ejpj hwj wjtmjsjk hik wjtmpjk hp ij`jpphw})

Mikmwj`{ hqqwnhèjp lh} gj lnwjjddj`{mtj mi dwhcmbj ni{ju{pCntjwihi`j snwf hi gj hqqwnhèjk kmwj`{b}

{ewnzce qwncwhlljp ntjw{b} kjpmcijk {n midbzji`j

cntjwihi`j p{wz`{zwjp" nw mikmwj`{b} g} mi`nwqnwh{mic

cntjwihi`j mi{n n{ejw qwncwhllmic" mi`bzkmic snwf

ni bmtjbmennkp" midwhp{wz`{zwj" nw ezlhim{hwmhi hmk)

[ej hqqwnhè {hfji smbb hddj`{ ens {ej p{h{j

wjpqnikp {n {ej snwf6 {ej wmpfp {n {enpj mitnbtjk

mi {ej qwncwhllj" mi`bzkmic Nudhl p{hdd" qhw{ijwp"

hik gjijdm`mhwmjp6 hik {ej jddj`{mtjijpp nd {ej

Qhbjp{mimhi }nz{emi {ej Chh P{wmq)Lnwj {ehi ehbd nd{ej qnqzbh{mni mi{ej Chh P{wmq hwjzikjw {ej hcj nd85) @nidbm`{ ljhip{ejpj gn}p dh`j hgbjhf dz{zwj" hp sjbbhp dwzp{wh{mni hikksmikbmic enqjp)Qen{n? FhwbPèjlgwm.Nudhl

Qnpm{mnip nd dnwlhb qnsjw dnw snlji lh}

in{ hkkwjpp ju`bzpmni

Mi Wshikh" {ejwj mp h wjbh{mtjb} emce izlgjw

nd snlji mi qnpm{mnip nd dnwlhb qnbm{m`hb

hz{enwm{}"gz{qnsjwmpnd{jijujw`mpjk

midnwlhbb} jtji mi cntjwilji{" hik snlji

hwjju`bzkjkdwnlkj`mpmni,lhfmic)Pn`mn,

`zb{zwhb inwlp qwjtji{ snlji dwnl ehtmic wjhb

midbzji`j"qhw{m`zbhwb}h{pzg,ih{mnihbbjtjb"

jtji md {ej} hwj mi qnbm{m`hb nddm`j) Mi L}hilhw"

{ej 7115 @nip{m{z{mni p{h{jp {eh{ snlji ehtj

{ejwmce{{np{hikdnwjbj`{mni{n{ejQjnqbjp

Hppjlgb}"hik{ejIh{mnihbP{wh{jcm`Qbhi

dnw{ejHkthi`jlji{ndSnlji7187,7178

mkji{mdmjp snljip qhw{m`mqh{mni mi qzgbm` bmdj

hp h qwmnwm{} gz{ mi wjhbm{} snlji hwj tjw}

nd{ji zihgbj {n wjhbmpj {ejpj wmce{p)

[ej bmlm{h{mnip nd dnwlhb qnsjw mi hèmjtmic

djlhbj jlqnsjwlji{ hik {ej mlqbjlji{h{mni

chq m{ qnmi{p {n gj{sjji qnbm`} hik wjhbm{}

{ejwjdnwj ijjk {n gj wj`ncimpjk" hp knjp

{ej qn{ji{mhb nd hb{jwih{mtj jlqnsjwlji{

p{wh{jcmjp semè hml {n `hq{zwj midnwlhb qnsjw)

4


7/12

Qnsjw mi qwh`{m`j

Mi ]jlji {ejwj ehp gjji h kjjq qnbm{m`mph{mni

nd {ej zwghi }nz{e mi Phihh" [hm hik n{ejw

fj}`m{mjp"senehtjp{wzccbjk{n`bhmlwmce{p

hik {n kjlhik h p}p{jl nd cntjwihi`j {eh{

mp {whipqhwji{ hik kjln`wh{m`) M{ mp zi`bjhw

sej{ejw {ejmw h`{mni ehp ehk h wmqqbj jddj`{ ni

{ej wjp{ nd {ej qnqzbh{mni)

snwf m{pjbd) Mi hz{enwm{hwmhi nw e}gwmk p{h{jp" m{ lh}

nd{ji gj lnwj hqqwnqwmh{j {n zpj ijz{whb ji{w}

qnmi{p pzè hp bmtjbmennkp nw pjwtm`j kjbmtjw} {n

gzmbk `m{mjipemq pfmbbp hik `hqh`m{mjp" hp {emp mp bjpp

bmfjb} {ehi h kmwj`{ hqqwnhè {n {wmccjw h wjqwjppmtj

wjpqnipj)

Mi Wshikh" dnw juhlqbj" Nudhl ehp gzmb{ juqjwmji`jhwnzik bmtjbmennkp hik mp hgbj {n hktmpj cntjwilji{

hik qwntmkj nqqnw{zim{mjp dnw m{mji h`{mni mi kmp{wm`{

kjtjbnqlji{ qbhiimic" jlqehpmpmic cjikjw ozp{m`j

hik snljip j`ninlm` bjhkjwpemq {ewnzce {emp snwf)

Mi L}hilhw" sejwj {ej cntjwilji{ qwjdjwp MICNp {n

snwf ni pjwtm`j kjbmtjw}" Nudhl ehp snwfjk {ewnzce

ij{snwfp {n p{wjic{eji hgmbm{} {n jichcj sm{e {ej

hz{enwm{mjp)

Jiehi`mic kjln`wh{m` cntjwihi`j hik m{mji

qhw{m`mqh{mni {ewnzce snwfmic ni n{ejw mppzjp ijjkp

{n gj lhkj juqbm`m{ hp hi ngoj`{mtj nd h qwncwhllj

nw {ejwj mp h wmpf {eh{ m{ smbb gj ntjwpehknsjk g}n{ejw" lnwj jhpmb} xzhi{mdmhgbj" ngoj`{mtjp) Mi

mikmwj`{ cntjwihi`j qwncwhlljp" m{ mp tm{hb {n pjj

qhw{m`mqhi{p hp qnbm{m`hb hcji{p bnnfmic h{ ens

{ejpj cwnzqp zikjwp{hik {ejmw mkjhp hgnz{ {ej

p{h{j" {ejlpjbtjp hp m{mjip" hik {ejmw `m{mji hik

bjhkjwpemq hqh`m{mjp) [ej hqh`m{mjp hik pfmbbp

wjxzmwjk {n jichcj sm{e %bn`hb- p{h{j mip{m{z{mnip hi

{ezp gj gzmb{ mi`wjlji{hbb} hwnzik ni`wj{j mppzjp)

Mkji{md} {ej mi`bzkjk hik ju`bzkjkcwnzqp hik ji`nzwhcj m{mjijichcjlji{.lngmbmph{mniQnsjw hihb}pmp smbb ejbq {n mkji{md} semè cwnzqp

ehtj gjijdm{jk dwnl {whipm{mni hik ehtj gjji

jihgbjk {n mi`wjhpj {ejmw tnm`j hik qhw{m`mqh{mni"

hik semè hwj ju`bzkjk dwnl cntjwihi`j" jm{ejw g}

dnwlhb bjchb wjp{wm`{mnip nw g} qnbm{m`hb zb{zwj hik

pn`mhb qwh`{m`j) [emp smbb ejbq Nudhl mkji{md} semè

cwnzqp %snlji" }nz{e" j{eim` cwnzqp j{`- hwj gjp{

hgbj {n midbzji`j cntjwihi`j hwwhicjlji{p" seh{

{ej} hi gwmic {n Nudhlp hqqwnhè mi h qhw{m`zbhw

`nzi{w}" hik ens Nudhl hi snwf sm{e {ejl)

Sembp{ kmwj`{ ih{mnihb,bjtjb hktn`h`} hik m{mji

lngmbmph{mni lh} gj {nn wmpf} mi hz{enwm{hwmhi p{h{jp"

jtmkji`j pensp {eh{ bn`hb,bjtjb dnwlp nd m{mji

lngmbmph{mni %{ewnzce dhwljwp cwnzqp" `nllzim{}

nwchimph{mnip" wjbmcmnzp cwnzqp j{`- hi ejbq {n

gzmbk {ej m{mjipemq hqh`m{mjp nd lhwcmihbmpjk

mikmtmkzhbp hik cwnzqp) [emp mp zibmfjb} {n hèmjtj h

whkm`hb pemd{ mi {ej ghbhi`j nd qnsjw" gz{ `hi gzmbk

pfmbbp hik juqjwmji`j semè lh} {eji gj ehiijbbjk

mi{n ih{mnihb,bjtjb hktn`h`} seji qnbm{m`hb pqh`j

nqjip zq)

Whmpmic hshwjijpp nd {ej qnsjw k}ihlm`p

semè hddj`{ qhw{m`zbhw cwnzqp hik {ejmw wmce{p

hik ji{m{bjlji{p lh} hbpn gj h dnwl nd `m{mji

jichcjlji{.lngmbmph{mni hqqwnqwmh{j {n lnwj

wjqwjppmtj p{h{jp %dnw juhlqbj" whmpmic hshwjijpp

sm{e cwnzqp nd snlji hwnzik {ej qnsjw k}ihlm`p nd

cjikjw" hik snljip wmce{p hik ijjkp hp snlji-)

Gzmbkmic pzè hshwjijpp hi ejbq kjtjbnq {ej

zikjwp{hikmic hik pfmbbp ijjkjk {n ehbbjicj qnsjw

k}ihlm`p hik jichcj mi cntjwihi`j mi {ej bnic {jwl)

Ensjtjw" m{ mp h pbns hik wjpnzw`j,mi{jipmtj qwn`jpp

{eh{ mitnbtjp nidwni{mic lhi} dnwlp nd mitmpmgbj hik

emkkji qnsjw)

Zpj qnsjw hihb}pmp {n mkji{md} hik gzmbkhbbmhi`jp hik ij{snwfpQnsjw hihb}pmp semè wmcnwnzpb} juhlmijp dnwlhb"

midnwlhb" hik emkkji qnsjw p{wz`{zwjp penzbk wjtjhb

{enpj h`{nwp hik cwnzqp sejwj nbbhgnwh{mni mp

lnp{ bmfjb} {n gwmic hgnz{ qnpm{mtj èhicj) [emp

lh} mitnbtj bnnfmic gj}nik {ej qhw{ijw ij{snwfp nd

`nitji{mnihb @PNp hik n{ejw zpzhb pzpqj`{p" hik

mkji{md}mic qn{ji{mhb qhw{ijwp sm{e senl Nudhl mpbjpp h``zp{nljk {n snwfmic)

Mi ]jlji" gbnccjwp sjwj mkji{mdmjk hp h sh} {n

{nzè ghpj sm{e h }nzic qnbm{m`hb jbm{j6 mi Hicnbh"

mikjqjikji{ zimtjwpm{mjp hik dhlnzp hw{mp{p hik

lzpm`mhip lmce{ gj h{hb}p{p sm{e {ej qn{ji{mhb {n

lngmbmpj nllzim{} cwnzqp) Hchmi" m{ mp mlqnw{hi{

{n snwf sm{e qhw{ijwp" hbbmhi`jp" hik ij{snwfp h{

hbb bjtjbp" mi nwkjw {n hèmjtj pzp{hmihgbj ehicj)

[ej dnzw qwmi`mqhb bjtjbp nd cntjwihi`j %kjtjbnqmic

`m{mji mkji{m{mjp" p{wjic{ejimic m{mji qhw{m`mqh{mni"

p{wjic{ejimic wjpqnipmtj hik h``nzi{hgbj p{h{jp"

hik kjtjbnqmic mi`bzpmtj hik nejpmtj pn`mj{mjp-

hwj mi{jwwjbh{jk hik mi{jwkjqjikji{ hik ehicj

`hiin{ gj hèmjtjk g} snwfmic h{ nib} nij bjtjb)

Qnsjw lh} wjp{sm{e hwljk h`{nwp)Qen{n? PmlniWhsbjp.Nudhl

3


8/12

Czmkhi`j ni ensNudhl `hi snwf nicntjwihi`j mi dwhcmbj`ni{ju{pQwncwhllmic penzbk gj midnwljk g}thwmjk {}qjp hik pnzw`jp nd midnwlh{mniCnnk qwncwhllj qbhiimic penzbk hbsh}p gj ghpjk

ni midnwlh{mni dwnl lhi} kmddjwji{ pnzw`jp" gz{ {emp

mp qhw{m`zbhwb} mlqnw{hi{ mi dwhcmbj `ni{ju{p) Nudhl

penzbk qwmnwm{mpj chmimic h``jpp {n midnwlh{mni nd

kmddjwji{ {}qjp %wjpjhwè" p{h{mp{m`p" cntjwilji{

kn`zlji{p" ljkmh wjqnw{p- hik dwnl h thwmj{} nd

h`{nwp hik mip{m{z{mnip %nddm`mhb hik zinddm`mhb-) Nudhl

penzbk ni{mizj {n nipzb{" wjtmjs" hik zqkh{j {emp

midnwlh{mni h{ hbb p{hcjp nd {ej qwncwhllj }`bj)

Midnwlh{mni pnzw`jp penzbk hbpn mi`bzkj {ej snwk ni

{ej p{wjj{" semè hi jihgbj Nudhl {n zikjwp{hik

ens qjnqbj hik nllzim{mjp wjhbb} djjb hgnz{ h

pm{zh{mni hik qwntmkj midnwlh{mni in{ hthmbhgbj mi

{ej qzgbm` hwjih) Pzè midnwlh{mni hi hbbns Nudhl

{n zikjwp{hik hik {n ihtmch{j dnwlhb hik midnwlhb

qnbm{m`hb qnsjw p{wz`{zwjp6 m{ mp hbpn tm{hb mi jipzwmic

{eh{ {ej tnm`jp hik juqjwmji`j nd lhwcmihbmpjk

cwnzqp" pzè hp snlji" hwj ejhwk hik mi{jcwh{jk

mi{n Nudhlp hihb}pmp) M{ mp mlqnw{hi{ {eh{ pzè

midnwlh{mni mp pehwjk h`wnpp hbb p{hdd mi nzi{w}

qwncwhlljp" hik mp in{ pjji nib} hp {ej qwjpjwtj nd{enpj kjhbmic sm{e cntjwihi j)

Mkji{md} hik wjpqnik {n smiknsp ndnqqnw{zim{}@ehicj mi dwhcmbj ni{ju{p smbb in{ ij`jpphwmb}

gj bmijhw nw qwjkm`{hgbj6 {ejwj lh} gj smiknsp

nd nqqnw{zim{} {n hèmjtj ehicj" gz{ {ejpj

smiknsp hwj nd{ji penw{ hik hi h`{zhbb} bjhk {n

lnwj hz{enwm{hwmhi nz{`nljp) Pnlj smiknsp nd

nqqnw{zim{} lh} gj qwjkm`{hgbj %jbj`{mnip-" gz{

n{ejwp bjpp pn %kjh{e nd h km`{h{nw" dmihi`mhb wmpjp"dbnnkp hik kwnzce{p- nw `nlqbj{jb} ziqwjkm`{hgbj

%Hwhg Pqwmic-) [n {hfj hkthi{hcj nd pzè smiknsp"

Nudhl ijjkp {n lhumlmpj m{p hgmbm{} {n mkji{md} hik

qnppmgb} qwjqhwj dnw nqqnw{zim{mjp hp hik seji {ej}

jljwcj" hik {n wjpqnik xzm`fb} hik hqqwnqwmh{jb})

[emp smbb wjxzmwj dbjumgmbm{} mi qwncwhllj qbhiimic hik

kjbmtjw}" hik hkhq{hgmbm{} dwnl lhihcjwp hik p{hdd)

[n gjp{ mkji{md} nqqnw{zim{mjp dnw èhicj" hik

zikjwp{hik ens ehicj hi ehqqji mi dwhcmbj

`ni{ju{p" Nudhl penzbk nipmkjw qhp{ juqjwmji`jp mi

semè {whipm{mnip nqjijk zq nqqnw{zim{mjp dnw lnwjkjln`wh{m` nw qhw{m`mqh{mtj cntjwihi j" hp sjbb hp

{enpj sejwj {whipm{mni ehp bjk {n lnwj hz{enwm{hwmhi

nz{`nljp) Seh{ dh`{nwp bjk {n {ej nqjimic> Seh{

Nudhl penzbk {ezp qzwpzj hbbmhi`jp hik ij{snwfp

{eh{ hwj hgbj {n bmif {ejpj kmljipmnip" qwmnwm{mpmic

qhw{ijwp {eh{ niij`{ kmddjwji{ bjtjbp nd cntjwihi`j

%dwnl bn`hb {n cbnghb- hik kmddjwji{ dnwlp nd qnsjw

%tmpmgbj" mitmpmgbj" hik emkkji-) Dnw juhlqbj" snwfmic

h{ ih{mnihb bjtjb dnw bjchb dwhljsnwfp {eh{ jihgbj

h``jpp {n midnwlh{mni mp in{ jinzce {n hèmjtj

èhicj sm{enz{ cwhppwnn{p lntjlji{p {eh{ kjlhikpzè midnwlh{mni nd cntjwilji{" hik hwj hgbj {n

snwf sm{e {ej ljkmh {n nllzim`h{j m{) H{{jlq{p {n

mi`wjhpj snljip qnbm{m`hb qhw{m`mqh{mni pens {eh{

xzn{hp hwj mlqnw{hi{ %czhwhi{jjmic snlji h kjcwjj

nd dnwlhb qnsjw-" gz{ {eh{ ehicmic {ej wzbjp nd

{ej chlj mi {jwlp nd ens kj`mpmnip hwj lhkj hik

hcjikhp hwj pj{ %m)j) èhbbjicmic midnwlhb qnsjw-

mp hbpn ijjkjk hp mp pzqqnw{ dnw {ej kjtjbnqlji{

nd snljip bjhkjwpemq hqh`m{mjp hik ij{snwfp) M{

mp zpjdzb {n bnnf dnw hi hcjikh %nw pj{ nd kjlhikp-

semè `hi h{{wh`{ h gwnhk whicj nd hbbmjp" hik mkjhbb}

`hi hèmjtj jhp} smip mi nwkjw {n jichcj hik

ln{mth{j {ej ij{snwf)

Hin{ejw qnppmgbj kmp{mi`{mni mi {ej hqqwnhè {n

cntjwihi`j qwncwhllmic mp {n snwf sm{e qhw{ijwp hik

hbbmhi`jp gn{e mipmkj hik nz{pmkj {ej `nzi{w}) Mi lhi}

e}gwmk p{h{jp {ejwj mp p`nqj dnw zpmic mi{jwih{mnihb

sh{èkncp hik hktn`h`} `hlqhmcip {n qz{ qwjppzwj

ni cntjwilji{p) Ensjtjw" {ej kj`mpmni {n bngg}

mi{jwih{mnihb mip{m{z{mnip" wh{ejw {ehi hèmjtj èhicj

snwfmic nib} sm{e knljp{m` h`{nwp" ehp {n gj lhkj

tjw} `hwjdzbb}) Mi L}hilhw" {ejwj ehp gjji pmcimdm`hi{

kjgh{j hwnzik {ej `ni{wmgz{mni nd phi`{mnip {n {ej

`zwwji{ qnbm{m`hb nqjimic" gz{ pnlj hihb}pmp `ni`bzkjp

{eh{ ju{jwihb hktn`h`} ehp h`{zhbb} emikjwjk qwncwjpp)

@m{mji jichcjlji{

Mi Wshikh"Nudhlsnwfpnibmtjbmennkp

h`{mtm{mjp sm{e snlji hik }nz{e mi wzwhb hik

qjwm,zwghihwjhp)[empsnwfnqjwh{jpdwnl

h lhmib} j`ninlm` qjwpqj`{mtj" gz{ mp h

cnnk pqh`j mi semè h`{mtj m{mjipemq hik

bjhkjwpemqpfmbbp`higjbjhwi{)MiL}hilhw"

wj`ji{ mtmb pn`mj{} h`{mtm{} dn`zpjk ni {ejKhwsjm kjjq pjh qnw{ hik {ej L}m{npnij

khl ehtj kjlnip{wh{jk {ej mlqnw{hi`j nd

pzqqnw{mic`nllzim{},ghpjknwchimph{mnip

{nij{snwfsm{ejhèn{ejw"hw{m`zbh{j{ejmw

`ni`jwip" hik mkji{md} qnmi{p nd midbzji`j) Mi

]jlji" lhi} m{mjip dnwl qhw{ nd {ej pmbji{

lhppjp hik ehtj in{ lngmbmpjk" gz{ hiin{

gjhppzljk{nbh`fqnbm{m`hbhcji`})Dnw{ejpj

`m{mjip" qnbm{m`hb wjdnwl mp mlqnw{hi{ gz{

{ej} shi{ {n pjj {hicmgbj èhicj mi {ejmw bmtmic

p{hikhwkp)

5


9/12

sjwj {ej dh`{nwp {eh{ bjk {n èhicj %cnnk nw ghk->

Nudhl penzbk hbpn gj hshwj {eh{ ehicj hi hddj`{

kmddjwji{ cwnzqp mi kmddjwji{ sh}p) Ens sjwj snlji

hddj`{jk mi wjbh{mni {n lji nw wzwhb nllzim{mjp mi

wjbh{mni {n zwghi `nllzim{mjp>

Cmtji {ej kmddm`zb{ hik ziqwjkm`{hgbj ih{zwj nd

èhicj mi dwhcmbj ni{ju{p" m{ mp mlqnw{hi{ dnw

Nudhl {n gj hshwj nd {ej qnppmgmbm{} nd wjtjwphbp

hik pj{gh`fp) Sejwj hihb}pmp nd wmpfp hik qnsjw

k}ihlm`p pensp {eh{ wjtjwphbp hwj bmfjb}" {emp penzbk

gj nllzim`h{jk {n p{hdd" qhw{ijwp hik `nbbjhczjp

mi {ej smkjw nwchimph{mni" sen lh} n{ejwsmpj gj

dwzp{wh{jk g} {ej pbns qh`j nd èhicj)

Dnwl {wzp{mic wjbh{mnipemqp sm{e thwmjkqhw{ijwpQhw{ijwpemq mp nd{ji fj} {n pz``jppdzb qwncwhllj

snwf" gz{ {ej xzhbm{} nd wjbh{mnipemqp sm{e qhw{ijwp

mp qhw{m`zbhwb} mlqnw{hi{ mi dwhcmbj `ni{ju{p)Nudhl penzbk qwmnwm{mpj gzmbkmic p{wnic" {wzp{mic

wjbh{mnipemqp sm{e qhw{ijwp" sej{ejw {ejpj hwj @PNp"

`m{mji cwnzqp" qhw{ nd bn`hb nw ih{mnihb cntjwilji{"

nw bjpp {whkm{mnihb qhw{ijwp pzè hp wjbmcmnzp

cwnzqp) Qhw{ijwp penzbk wjqwjpji{ gn{e dnwlhb hik

midnwlhb qnsjw,enbkjwp" hik nqjwh{j h{ hbb bjtjbp

nd cntjwihi`j) Mi {whipm{mni ni{ju{p" {ej qjnqbj.

cwnzqp semè hwj hgbj {n {whtjb gj{sjji kmddjwji{

cntjwihi`j pqh`jp hi gj wm{m`hb {n Nudhlp

qn{ji{mhb midbzji`j) [ej ijjk dnw bn`hb finsbjkcj

hik wjbh{mnipemqp nd {wzp{ sm{e fj} qhw{ijwp mpjpqj`mhbb} h`z{j mi {whipm{mni ni{ju{p" semè

ljhip {eh{ emce p{hdd {zwintjw hi ehtj ju{wjljb}

ijch{mtj jddj`{p) Kn`zlji{h{mni nd bjhwimic %wh{ejw

{ehi wjb}mic nib} ni p{hdd ljlnwmjp hik qjwpnihb

wjbh{mnipemqp- penzbk {ejwjdnwj gj jlqehpmpjk)

Cmtji {eh{ {ej p{h{j mp in{ h lninbm{e" m{ lh} gj

qnppmgbj {n dmik qwncwjppmtj qjnqbj sm{emi {ej p{h{j

hqqhwh{zp hik gzmbk wjbh{mnipemqp sm{e {ejl) Qwmth{j,

pj`{nw qhw{ijwp penzbk gj p`wz{mimpjk sm{e {ej phlj

fmik nd qnsjw hihb}pmp hp n{ejw qn{ji{mhb qhw{ijwp mi

nwkjw {n mkji{md} ens kmddjwji{ cwnzqp smbb gjijdm{ nw

bnpj {ewnzce pzè qhw{ijwpemqp) Mi snwfmic sm{e {ej

qwmth{j pj`{nw" {ejwj mp jtmkji`j dwnl Wshikh hikn{ejw `nzi{wmjp {n pens {eh{ qzwjb} j`ninlm`hbb},

kwmtji mi{jwtji{mnip kn IN[ bjhk {n h cwjh{jw

hshwjijpp nd wmce{p" pjipj nd `m{mjipemq" nw p{wnicjw

qnbm{m`hb qhw{m`mqh{mni hik {ejpj lzp{ gj `bjhwb}

gzmb{ mi{n {ej h`{mtm{mjp hik qhw{ijwpemq hcwjjlji{)

Mi pnlj hpjp" Nudhl penzbk dn`zp ni mppzj,bjk

ij{snwfp) [ejpj lh} nw lh} in{ gj bnic,bhp{mic

cwnzqp" gz{ {ej} kjtjbnq {ej qwh`{m`j nd mkji{md}mic

qnsjw,enbkjwp hik nqqnw{zim{mjp dnw hktn`h`}) Mi

n{ejw hpjp" m{ lh} gj mlqnw{hi{ {n dn`zp ni mkji{m{},

ghpjk cwnzqp" jpqj`mhbb} md {ejpj cwnzqp hwj hgbj {nwjqwjpji{ lhwcmihbmpjk hik ju`bzkjk qjwpqj`{mtjp

pzè hp {enpj nd snlji nw j{eim` lminwm{mjp)

@nipmkjw ens Nudhl lh} wjqbm`h{j {ejjump{mic qnbm{m`hb `zb{zwj hik qnsjw mi

pn`mj{}Mi {whipm{mni `ni{ju{p" Nudhl ijjkp {n gj tjw} hshwj nd

ens m{ `hi mihktjw{ji{b} wjqbm`h{j {ej jump{mic qnbm{m`hb

`zb{zwj" gn{e sm{emi {ej p{hdd {jhl hik mi wjbh{mni {n

qhw{ijwp hik bn`hb `nllzim{mjp) Nudhl penzbk `nipmkjw

{n seh{ ju{ji{ m{ mp zpmic midnwlhb qnsjw? ens knjpm{p hbmcilji{ sm{e qhw{m`zbhw cwnzqp nw hcjikhp hddj`{

{ejmw %hik Nudhlp- bjcm{mlh`}> Ens m{ mp snwfmic sm{e

hik mitnbtmic lhwcmihbmpjk cwnzqp pzè hp snlji nw

qhw{m`zbhw lminwm{mjp> Whmpmic p{hdd hshwjijpp hgnz{

{ejpj mppzjp" hik `nip`mnzpb} hkkwjppmic {ejl" smbb

ejbq Nudhl wjdbj`{ {ej kjln`wh{m` qwmi`mqbjp m{ mp {w}mic

{n qwnln{j mi m{p nsi snwf)

Shw,khlhcjkgzmbkmicp mi Fzm{n"Hicnbh? {ej nzi{w}mp wj`ntjwmic dwnllhi} }jhwp nd`nidbm`{)Qen{n? Hik} Ehbb.Nudhl

=


10/12

[hfj h `wjh{mtj hqqwnhè {n lnim{nwmic"jthbzh{mni hik bjhwimicLnim{nwmic" Jthbzh{mni hik Bjhwimic %LJB- nd

cntjwihi`j qwncwhlljp mi dwhcmbj ni{ju{p mithwmhgb}

ijjkp {n gj pqjjk}" phdj hik emceb} qwh`{m`hb dnw

lhfmic lhihcjlji{ kj`mpmnip" mi`bzkmic wmpf

hppjpplji{" mi nd{ji ziphdj hik kmddm`zb{,{n,h``jpp

jitmwnilji{p sejwj mlqh`{p lh} gj kmddm`zb{ {n

qwjkm`{ hik {wh`j)

LJB lh} ijjk {n gj hgbj {n hppjpp qwncwhlljp

sm{e pnd{ ngoj`{mtjp6 dnw juhlqbj {wzp{,gzmbkmic

hqqwnhèjp semè jlqehpmpj nbbhgnwh{mtj hihb}pmp"h`{mni,bjhwimic hik jlqnsjwlji{ hwj sjbb pzm{jk

{n dwhcmbj `ni{ju{p) M{ mp hktmphgbj {n {hfj h `wjh{mtj

hqqwnhè {n lnim{nwmic" semè mi`bzkjp nbbj`{mic

gn{e xzhbm{h{mtj hik xzhi{m{h{mtj midnwlh{mni dwnl

h thwmj{} nd pnzw`jp" hik p{wmtjp {n hq{zwj {ej

ziqbhiijk nz{`nljp nd h`{mtm{mjp hp ehicj lh}

`nlj mi zijuqj`{jk sh}p)

Xzhbm{h{mtj kh{h lh} mi`bzkj p{nwmjp" qjwpnihb

juqjwmji`jp" hik snwk,nd,lnz{e midnwlh{mni)

Xzhi{m{h{mtj kh{h lh} gj nbbj`{jk g} qhw{m`mqh{nw}

lj{enkp sejwj cwnzqp hwj hgbj {n cjijwh{j izlgjwp{ewnzce jp{mlh{mic" hb`zbh{mic" ljhpzwmic"

`nlqhwmic" thbzmic hik p`nwmic" jtji md ehwk

p{h{mp{m`p hwj in{ hthmbhgbj) M{ lh} gj ij`jpphw} {n

zikjw{hfj wjln{j lnim{nwmic sejwj m{ mp in{ qnppmgbj

{n h``jpp pjipm{mtj hwjhp" wjb}mic ni midnwlh{mni

`nbbj`{jk {ewnzce pj`nik,ehik pnzw`jp)

Lhihcjlji{ nd cntjwihi`j qwncwhlljp mi

dwhcmbj ni{ju{p? hi ntjwtmjs

8) @wjh{j h qwncwhllj p{jjwmic cwnzq"

mi`bzkmicju{jwihbp{hfjenbkjwp"{nczmkj

kj`mpmnip"ju{jikij{snwfp"hikjipzwjcnnk

dbnsp nd midnwlh{mni)

7) @nikz`{ h qnbm{m`hb j`ninl} hik qnsjw

hihb}pmp h{ nzi{w} bjtjb" mitnbtmic qhw{ijwp"

dwnl bn`hb {n ih{mnihb bjtjbp nd cntjwihi`j

hik mi`bzkmic {enpj wjqwjpji{mic dnwlhb hik

midnwlhb qnsjw)

0) Hcwjj {ejnwmjp nd ehicj sm{e qhw{ijwp"

semè hwj hqqwnqwmh{j {n {ej hihb}pmp nd {emp

`ni{ju{)

;)Lhmi{hmihshwjijppndNudhlpnsiwnbjhp

hqnsjw,enbkjw%hik{eh{ndmikmtmkzhbp{hdd-

{njipzwj{eh{Nudhlknjpin{mihktjw{ji{b}

wjmidnw`jjump{micqnsjwmlghbhi`jp)

:) Gzmbk mi qjwmnkm` qnmi{p mi {ej qwncwhllj

`}`bj {n wjdbj`{ ni {ej hppzlq{mnip mi {ej

{ejnw} nd ehicj hik wjtmpm{ {ej qnsjw

hihb}pmp)

4)Kn`zlji{juqjwmji`jphikwjdbj`{mniphp

lzè hp qnppmgbj" hik mitnbtj lnwj {ehi nij

qjwpnidwnlNudhlmimip{m{z{mnihbwjbh{mnipemqp

mi nwkjw {n jipzwj ni{mizm{} hik `hq{zwj

bjhwimic)

3) Kjtjbnq ljèhimplp {n ji`nzwhcj p{hdd {n

pqn{ smiknsp nd qnbm{m`hb nqqnw{zim{})

5)Mi`ji{mtmpjdbjumgmbm{}hikwjpqnipmtjijpp

mi qwncwhllmic" hp sjbb mi kjtjbnqmic p{wnic

wjbh{mnipemqp sm{e qhw{ijwp hik n{ejwp)

[ej QhwshiQwntmi`mhbQjh`j Ejhwmicp"Hdcehimp{hi"Hzczp{ 7187) [ejjtji{ hbbnsjkH@PNIQ" {ej Nudhl,pzqqnw{jk ij{snwfnd Hdcehi @PNp" {njichcj sm{eqnsjw,enbkjwp)

Qen{n? Nudhl

81


11/12

Pzllhw} nd fj} qnmi{pE}gwmk hik dwhcmbj ni{ju{p kmddjw pmcimdm`hi{b}" hik

kmddjwji{ ehicj lnkjbp lh} gj hqqwnqwmh{j {n jhè

`ni{ju{) M{ mp {ejwjdnwj in{ qnppmgbj {n wj`nlljik

h qhw{m`zbhw lnkjb nd cntjwihi`j snwf mi dwhcmbj

`ni{ju{p" gz{ pnlj gwnhk ni`bzpmnip hwj kwhsi

hgnz{ {ej qwmi`mqbjp zikjwqmiimic pzè snwf)

@ehicmic ni{ju{Snwfmic ni cntjwihi`j mi dwhcmbj `ni{ju{p wjxzmwjp

wj`ncim{mni {eh{ {ej pm{zh{mni lh} gj mi ni{mizhb

dbzu" wjxzmwmic nip{hi{ ej`fmic nd hppzlq{mnip

zikjwb}mic qwncwhllj p{wh{jc}" qbhiimic" hik

mlqbjlji{h{mni hik lhfmic ehicjp {n qbhiijk

snwf hp ij`jpphw})

Qnsjw hihb}pmpWmcnwnzp qnbm{m`hb j`ninl} hik qnsjw hihb}pmp mp

tm{hb {n hbbns Nudhl {n zikjwp{hik sejwj qnsjw

bmjp hik ens ehicj hi ehqqji) Kmtjwpj pnzw`jp

nd midnwlh{mni" mi`bzkmic {hfmic {ej qzbpj ni {ej

cwnzik" hwj jppji{mhb {n midnwl {ej hihb}pmp? m{mjip

{ejlpjbtjp hwj hi mlqnw{hi{ pnzw`j nd midnwlh{mni)

Bjtjbp nd cntjwihi`jM{ mp mlqnw{hi{ {n zikjwp{hik ens qnsjw nqjwh{jp h{

hbb bjtjbp nd cntjwihi`j" dwnl bn`hb {n ih{mnihb" hik

h`wnpp thwmnzp mip{m{z{mnip hik pqh`jp) Hkkwjppmic

jhè {}qj nd qnsjw hik bjtjb nd cntjwihi`j smbb

wjxzmwj kmddjwji{ hqqwnhèjp hik p{wh{jcmjp)[hwcj{mic hbb bjtjbp nd cntjwihi`j h{ ni`j %jm{ejw

kmwj`{b} nw {ewnzce p{wh{jcm` hbbmhi`jp sm{e n{ejwp-"

wh{ejw {ehi dn`zpmic ni nij" mp lnwj bmfjb} {n gwmic

hgnz{ pzp{hmihgbj ehicj) Gzmbkmic phdj pqh`jp

dnw jichcjlji{ mp mlqnw{hi{ mi kjtjbnqmic m{mji

`hqhgmbm{mjp mi {whipm{mni ni{ju{p) Nudhl hi zpj m{p

`nitjimic qnsjw {n wjh{j pqh`jp gj{sjji dnwlhb

hik midnwlhb qnsjw,enbkjwp)

Snwfmic sm{e zizpzhb h`{nwp

Nudhl lh} dmik {eh{ {enpj sm{e qnsjw hik midbzji`jhwj hwljk h`{nwp" nw {eh{ {ej nib} sh} mi{n jw{hmi

{jwwm{nwmjp mp {n `nbbhgnwh{j ni h pqj`mdm` mppzj sm{e h

wjqwjppmtj cntjwilji{) [ej enm`j nd qhw{ijwp hik

hqqwnhè Nudhl {hfjp {n snwfmic sm{e {ejpj h`{nwp

smbb gj `wz`mhb hik lzp{ gj pjipm{mtjb} lhkj sm{e

dzbb hshwjijpp" lhihcjlji{ hik kn`zlji{h{mni nd

{ej qzwqnpj nd {ej snwf hik {ej wmpfp mitnbtjk)

Wjbh{mnipemqp sm{e qhw{ijwpQwmnwm{mpj gzmbkmic {wzp{ hik p{wnic wjbh{mnipemqp sm{e

qhw{ijwp" sej{ejw @PNp" m{mjip cwnzqp" jbjlji{p

nd {ej cntjwilji{ nw lnwj zizpzhb qhw{ijwp" hp h

p{wh{jcm` hqqwnhè dnw snwfmic gj{sjji midnwlhbhik dnwlhb qnbm{m`p hik {}qjp nd qnsjw) [ejwj mp h bn{

nd qn{ji{mhb dnw ini,`nitji{mnihb lj{enkp" pzè hp

hw{" kwhlh" lzpm`" dmbl" j{`" {n gj zpjk hp h sh} nd

nqjimic kmp`zppmni hgnz{ pjipm{mtj mppzjp)

Mkji{md} hik wjpqnik {n smiknsp nd

nqqnw{zim{}Qnbm{m`hb {whipm{mnip lh} nddjw nqqnw{zim{mjp dnw

èhicj" gz{ {ejpj smiknsp hwj nd{ji penw{) P{hdd

penzbk gj ji`nzwhcjk {n zpj {ejmw finsbjkcj hik

zikjwp{hikmic {n mkji{md} pzè nqqnw{zim{mjp) [emp

wjxzmwjp Nudhl {n qwntmkj hqqwnqwmh{j pzqqnw{ {n

`nzi{w} qwncwhlljp)

Kmwj`{ tjwpzp mikmwj`{ hqqwnhèjpGzmbkmic m{mji hqhgmbm{mjp hwnzik lnwj ijz{whb

ji{w} {nqm`p" pzè hp bmtjbmennkp" hi hbbns qjnqbj {n

kjtjbnq m{mjipemq pfmbbp jtji mi wjqwjppmtj ni{ju{p

hik jihgbj `m{mjip {n {hfj hkthi{hcj nd pqh`jp dnw

qhw{m`mqh{mni hp {ej} nqji zq)

Qwnln{j kjln`wh{m` qwmi`mqbjp

Nudhl hi qwnln{j kjln`wh{m` qwmi`mqbjp %mi`bzkmiccjikjw jxzm{}- {ewnzce m{p cntjwihi`j snwf) M{ penzbk

gj hbjw{ {n {ej khicjw {eh{ m{ hi mihktjw{ji{b}

wjmidnw`j hi hi{m,kjln`wh{m` qnbm{m`hb `zb{zwj

{ewnzce m{p nsi sh}p nd snwfmic" hik h`{mtjb} hml {n

hkkwjpp {emp)

88


12/12

Wjpnzw`jpNudhl wjpnzw`jp

[ejpj `hi gj knsibnhkjk h{e{{q?..qnbm`},qwh`{m`j)nudhl)nwc)zf.qzgbm`h{mnip

Qwncwhllmic mi Dwhcmbj hik @nidbm`{,hddj`{jk @nzi{wmjp?H bjhwimic `nlqhimni %7188-

Qwncwhllmic mi Dwhcmbj hik @nidbm`{,hddj`{jk @nzi{wmjp?Qwncwhllj qnbm`} czmkjbmijp %7188-

Wmce{ {n Gj Ejhwk" Dwhljsnwf %7187-

Sm{emi hik Sm{enz{ {ej P{h{j? P{wjic{ejimic `mtmb pn`mj{} mi

`nidbm`{,hddj`{jk hik dwhcmbj pj{{micp %7188-

Qwncwhllmic ni Wmce{ {n Gj Ejhwk" h bjhwimic nlqhimni %7187-

Wnzce Czmkj {n Qnsjw Hihb}pmpH {sn,qhcj czmkj {n qnsjw hihb}pmp" mi`bzkmic wjdjwji`jp {ndzw{ejw zpjdzb wjpnzw`jp)

N{ejw wjpnzw`jp

Qnbm{m`hb J`ninl} Hihb}pmp? Ens {n In{j" KDMK %711=-"

sss)nkm)nwc)zf.jtji{p.kn`p.0:18)qkd

Czmkhi`j ni {ej ni{wmgz{mni nd qnbm{m`hb j`ninl} hihb}pmp

{n kjtjbnqlji{ {emifmic" {ej whicj nd {nnbp hik hqqwnhèjp

hthmbhgbj" hik {ejmw hqqbm`h{mni {n qwncwhllmic)

Qnsjw Qh`f? Zikjwp{hikmic Qnsjw dnw Pn`mhb @ehicj"

sss)qnsjw`zgj)ij{.Hi nibmij wjpnzw`j semè mi`bzkjp h dwhljsnwf dnw hihb}pmic

{ej bjtjbp" pqh`jp hik dnwlp nd qnsjw hik ens {ej} mi{jwh`{)

Seh{ Iju{ dnw Qnsjw Hihb}pmp> H Wjtmjs nd Wj`ji{ Juqjwmji`j

sm{e {ej Qnsjw`zgj hik Wjbh{jk Dwhljsnwfp" MKP %7187-"

sss)mkp)h`)zf.dmbjp.kldmbj.Sq;11)qkd

Czmkj {n Qnbm{m`hb J`ninl} Hihb}pmp" CPKW@ %Cntjwihi`j hik

Pn`mhb Kjtjbnqlji{ Wjpnzw`j @ji{wj- %711=-"

sss)cpkw`)nwc.cn.{nqm`,czmkjp.qnbm{m`hb,j`ninl},hihb}pmp

Qnsjw? H Qwh`{m`hb Czmkj dnw Dh`mbm{h{mic Pn`mhb @ehicj" @hwijcmj

ZF [wzp{ $ Onpjqe Wnzik{wjj Dnzikh{mni %7188-"

sss)`hwijcmjzf{wzp{)nwc)zf.

H ehikgnnf dnw juqbnwmic qnsjw mi wjbh{mni {n hèmjtmic ehicj

mi {ej mi{jwjp{p nd `nllzim{mjp)

Qnsjwenzpj e{{q?..qnsjwenzpjij{snwf)imic)`nl.

Hi nibmij nllzim{} jihgbmic qwh`{m{mnijwp {n kmp`zpp" kjgh{j

hik juqbnwj {ej lhi} kmljipmnip nd qnsjw6 juèhicj {nnbp hik

wjpnzw`jp6 hik snwf sm{e n{ejwp {n kjtjbnq p{wh{jcmjp dnw èhicj)

Sm{emi hik Sm{enz{ {ej P{h{j

Dzikjkg}{ejZFKjqhw{lji{dnwMi{jwih{mnihbKjtjbnqlji{%KDMK-"Sm{emihikSm{enz{{ejP{h{j

%SSP-snwfpmi{ewjjdn`zp`nzi{wmjp?Pnz{ePzkhi"N``zqmjkQhbjp{mimhi[jwwm{nwmjp.Mpwhjb"hik

Hdcehimp{hi) KDMK dzikmic mp hbbnsmic {ejpj `nzi{w} qwncwhlljp {n kjtjbnq ijs qwncwhllmic semè

smbb p{wjic{eji `mtmb pn`mj{} hik cntjwihi`j p{wz`{zwjp" qwnln{j kmhbnczj gj{sjji `m{mjip hik

qnsjw,enbkjwp"hikzb{mlh{jb}pzqqnw{lnwjqnnwljihiksnlji{n`bhml{ejmwwmce{p)

SSPhbpnehphp{wnicjlqehpmpni`hq{zwmicfinsbjkcjhikbjhwimic)Bjhwimicgn{edwnl{ejqmbn{qwnoj`{p"hikdwnl{ejjuqjwmji`jndhsmkjwcwnzqnd`nzi{w}qwncwhlljpsnwfmicmi`nidbm`{

hikdwhcmbj`ni{ju{p"smbbgjkn`zlji{jkhikpehwjkh`wnppNudhlhiksm{en{ejwkjtjbnqlji{

qwh`{m{mnijwphikqnbm`},lhfjwpju{jwihbb})

Dnwlnwjmidnwlh{mni`ni{h`{HlhikhGz{{micjw"SSPQwncwhllj@nnwkmih{nw"hgz{{micjwAnudhl)nwc)zf6

nwBnzmjDnnfp"CbnghbBjhwimichik@nllzim`h{mnipNddm`jw?bdnnfpAnudhl)nwc)zf

[empczmkjshpswm{{jig}BnzmjDnnfpghpjkniNudhl,dzikjkwjpjhwèzikjw{hfjig}{ejMip{m{z{j

nd Kjtjbnqlji{ P{zkmjp" Zimtjwpm{} nd Gwmce{ni" hp qhw{ nd SSPp bjhwimic hik `nllzim`h{mni

qwncwhllj)Hkkm{mnihblh{jwmhbnwchimpjkg}@bhmwjShbfj}"@nidbm`{hikDwhcmbm{}Mi{jwi)

Nudhl CG N`{ngjw 7187

[emp qzgbm`h{mni mp `nq}wmce{ gz{ {ej {ju{ lh} gj zpjk dwjj nd

èhwcj dnw {ej qzwqnpjp nd hktn`h`}" hlqhmcimic" jkz`h{mni"

hik wjpjhwè" qwntmkjk {eh{ {ej pnzw`j mp h`finsbjkcjk mi dzbb)

[ej `nq}wmce{ enbkjw wjxzjp{p {eh{ hbb pzè zpj gj wjcmp{jwjk

sm{e {ejl dnw mlqh`{ hppjpplji{ qzwqnpjp) Dnw `nq}mic mi hi}

n{ejw `mw`zlp{hi`jp" nw dnw wj,zpj mi n{ejw qzgbm`h{mnip" nw dnw

{whipbh{mni nw hkhq{h{mni" qjwlmppmni lzp{ gj pj`zwjk hik h

djj lh} gj ehwcjk) J,lhmb qnbm`}hikqwh`{m jAnudhl)nwc)zf)

Qzgbmpejk g} Nudhl CG dnw Nudhl Mi{jwih{mnihb zikjw

MPGI =35,8,35133,713,0 mi N`{ngjw 7187)

Nudhl CG" Nudhl Enzpj" Onei Plm{e Kwmtj" @nsbj}" Nudnwk"

NU; 7O]" ZF)

Dwni{ `ntjw qm`{zwj? Hebhi" %hcj =-" lntjp {ewnzce {ej p{wjj{p nd

Hb Cenwdh" ]jlji) Qen{n? Hggmj [wh}bjw,Plm{e.Nudhl

@nzi{w} midnwlh{mni nwwj`{ hp nd Hzczp{ 7187)

Nudhl mp h wjcmp{jwjk èhwm{} mi Jicbhik hik Shbjp In 717=85

hik P`n{bhik P@10=1;7) Nudhl CG mp h ljlgjw nd Nudhl

Mi{jwih{mnihb) Mienzpj :408

87

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Power and Fragility: Governance Programming in Fragile Contexts: A Programme Resource