Ppt Energie Eoliana

8/12/2019 Ppt Energie Eoliana

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Energia eolian i alte surseregenerabile de energie n Romnia

Wind Energy and other renewableenergy sources in Romania

Ediia a III-aMai

May 3rdEdition


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Introducere

Energia eolian n Romnia,Europa i n lume

1. Situaia sectorului energiei eolienela nivel mondial

2. Romnia i Europa

3. Situaia sectorului de energie eoliann Romnia

Prevederi legale

1. Pregtirea proiectului de investiie i

construcia unei centrale electrice

1.1. Drepturile reale necesare pentruconstruirea unei centrale electrice

1.2. Sistemul de carte funciar n Romnia1.3. Situaii care ar putea mpiedica/ntrzia

proiectul de investiie1.4. Autorizaia de construire1.5. Planicare urbanistic i

categorii de folosin1.6. Prevederi cu privire la mediu1.7. Racordarea la reea1.8. Autorizaia de ninare

2. Operarea centralei electrice

2.1. Mediu2.2. Licena de exploatare2.3. Vnzarea de energie

3. Sistemul de promovare i

tranzacionarea certicatelor verzi3.1. Reglementri legale3.2. Cadrul general3.3. Acreditarea3.4. Emiterea certicatelor verzi3.5. Tranzacionarea i nregistrarea

certicatelor verzi3.6. Excesul de certicate verzi3.7. Capaciti energetice cu puteri instalate mari3.8. Supracompensarea3.9. Cumulul de ajutoare3.10 Poteniale modicri ale schemei de sprijin

4. Legislaia Uniunii Europene privind

industria energiei regenerabile

Introduction

Wind energy in Romania, Europeand Worldwide

1. The wind energy sector situation worldwide

2. Romania and Europe

3. Wind energy sector situation in Romania

Legal Regulations

1. Preparation of the investment project and

construction of a renewable energy plant

1.1. Real rights required for developing arenewable energy plant

1.2. Romanian land register system1.3. Issues that might impede/delay the

investment process1.4. Building Permit1.5. Zoning classication and

land designation1.6. Environmental regulations1.7. Grid connection1.8. Setting-up authorisation

2. Power plant operation

2.1. Environmental2.2. Operational licence2.3. Sale of energy

3. Support scheme and green

certicates trading3.1. Legal provisions3.2. General framework3.3. Accreditation3.4. Green certicates issuing3.5. Green certicates trading

and registry3.6. Excess of green certicates3.7. Large energy facilities3.8. Overcompensation3.9. Various investment aids and green certicates3.10 Potential amendments to the support scheme

4. European Union legislation as regards the

renewable energy industry

2

4

5

10

14

22

23

23

3031

3536

373739

40404041

42

4242434445

4647474848

51

Cuprins Index of contents


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Surse de nanare a investiiilor nenergia regenerabil

1. Programe conanate de ctre EU2. Granturi SEE i norvegiene3. Fonduri naionale4. Alte instituii care ofer nanri pentru

proiectele de parcuri eoliene5. Bncile comerciale

Constrngeri poteniale iperspective

1. Organizare societar2. Capacitatea reelei i conectarea3. Modicri ale specicaiilor tehnice4. Protecia mediului5. Proteste sociale6. Limitrile infrastructurii7. Durata procedurii8. Impedimente n calea investiiilor

Romnia, n contextul UE9. Dispersia surselor10. Asigurrile i energia regenerabil11. Probleme scale12. Protabilitatea energiei eoliene

Alte surse de energie regenerabil

1. Energia solar2. Energia geotermal3. Energia hidro

4. Biomasa

Lista abrevierilor

Sources of nancing for renewableenergy investment

1. Programmes co-nanced by the EU2. EEA and Norway Grants3. National funds4. Other institutions which offer nancing

for wind farm projects5. Commercial banks

Business limitations and prospects

1. Corporate2. Grid capacity and connection3. Amendments to technical specications4. Environmental protection5. Social protests6. Infrastructural limitations7. Length of procedure8. Obstacles to investments Romania in

the context of the EU9. Dispersion of sources10. Insurance and renewable energy11. Tax issues12. The protability of wind energy

Other renewable energy sources

1. Solar energy2. Geothermal energy3. Hydropower

4. Biomass

List of Acronyms

52

53566060

62

67

6868717476787980

82858894

105

112114114

116

118

1

Energia eolian i alte surse regenerabile de energie n Romnia 2013 / Wind Energy and other renewable energy sources in Romania 2013


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Suntem ncntai s publicm a treia ediie araportului Energia eolian i alte surse regenerabilede energie n Romnia. La fel ca n anii precedeni,

raportul const ntr-o analiz a sectorului de energieregenerabil n Romnia, descriind cadrul legali scal aplicabil pentru dezvoltarea, construciasi operarea parcurilor eoliene, oportunitile denanare precum i potenialul sectorului de energieregenerabil n Romnia.

Publicaia noastr anual a strnit un interesconsiderabil nu doar n rndul investitorilor,dezvoltatorilor i operatorilor de parcuri deenergie regenerabil dar i pentru productorii deechipamente de energie, oferind n acelai timpansa cititorilor interesai s estimeze potenialuloferit de piaa energiei verde n Romnia. Amdistribuit mii de exemplare zice i electroniceale publicaiei noastre i am crescut gradul decontientizare asupra oportunitilor curente nindustria romn de energie regenerabil.

Sursele regenerabile de energie devin din ce n cemai populare n ntreaga lume i, prin dezvoltareasectorului energiei eoliene, Romnia are anse sgenereze energie electric ecologic i cu emisii reduse,precum i o securitate energetic mai mare, putndastfel ndeplini cerinele UE cu privire la producerea

de energie din surse regenerabile. Generarea deelectricitate din vnt i alte surse regenerabile nu estedoar problema ecologitilor. Este de asemenea unviitor inevitabil al sistemului energetic naional caretrebuie s mbunteasc producia i s restabileasccapacitile existente cu scopul de a satisface nevoile

n cretere ale consumului. Ponderea ecrei sursese va schimba n structura resurselor de energie.Aceasta este o mare provocare, nu numai pentrudezvoltatori i investitori, dar i pentru administraiade stat i industria energiei convenionale. Toate prileinteresate par s neleag n prezent amploarea i,

We are pleased to publish this third edition of

Wind Energy and other renewable energy sources

in Romania. As in the previous years, the report

consists in the current analysis of the renewableenergy sector in Romania, describing the tax and

the legal framework applicable to the development,

construction, and operation of wind farms,

nancing opportunities, as well as the prospects of

the renewable energy sector in Romania.

Our yearly publication raised a significant interest

amongst not only the investors, developers

and operators of renewable energy plants, but

also the manufacturers of equipment for the

sector, and it has enabled the interested readers

to assess the potential offered by the green

energy market in Romania. We have distributed

thousands of hard copies and electronic versions

of our publication and raised the awareness

of the current opportunities in the Romanian

renewable energy industry.

Renewable energy sources are becoming more

and more popular worldwide. Thanks to the wind

energy industry development, Romania has also the

chance to obtain energy in a non-emission manner,

increase energy safety, and meet EU requirements

with respect to the E-RES share. Generation of

electricity from wind or other renewable sourcesis not an issue for environmentalists only. It is also

an inevitable future of the national power system

that has to improve production and restore existing

capacities with the aim to meet the increased

consumption needs. The share of particular sources

will change in the energy mix. This is a great

challenge not only to developers and investors but

also to the government and conventional power

industry. All interested parties seem at present to

understand its scale and although the future power

system is in the incipient phase, we are facing a

Introducere

Introduction

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dei viitorul sistemul energetic este la faza incipientnc, ne confruntm cu o ans istoric de a crea bazeledurabile pentru dezvoltarea industriei energetice

moderne i ecologice pe termen lung. Decizii majorei acte legislative vor luate sau adoptate n lunileviitoare. Din punct de vedere al energiei regenerabile,acestea sunt necesare mai urgent dect oricnd. n cazcontrar, vom pierde iremediabil impulsul mare construitcu mult efort n ultimii ani. n prealabil este necesar sse renune la propunerile duntoare de modicare alegii energiei regenerabile, legate de schema de sprijin.

Avnd n vedere nivelul ridicat de recapitalizare ainfrastructurii de producie i de transport i distribuie,nevoia de energie pe termen lung a economieinoastre i a gospodriilor face ca industria energeticromneasc, inclusiv energia regenerabil, s e o zonextrem de interesant pentru implicarea de capitalglobal pentru deceniul viitor. Tendina cresctoarea investiiilor strine directe i de portofoliu n acestsector este astfel o dovad tangibil. Acest lucru se

ntmpl n ciuda numeroaselor ameninri generatede instabilitatea legislativ, precum i acelor limitricare sunt descrise n detaliu n a treia ediie a raportuluinostru, Energia eolian i alte surse regenerabile deenergie n Romnia.

Energia eolian i alte surse de energii regenerabile

nu sunt n msur s nlocuiasc complet centraleleexistente, dar pot deveni un element important alsistemului energetic romnesc. Acest lucru necesitmai mult sprijin pentru sector i mai ales dezvoltareaunui sistem de reglementare transparent, careeste o condiie necesar din punctul de vedereal investitorilor. Problema cheie este asigurareastabilitii pe termen lung att din punct de vedere

juridic i al termenilor de reglementare, ct i dinpunct de vedere al soluionrii problemelor legate deracordarea la reea.

Bucureti, mai 2013

historic chance to create durable foundations for the

long-term development of modern and ecological

power industry. Major decisions and statutory acts

are to be made or enacted within the upcomingmonths. From the renewable energy point of view,

they are necessary more urgently than ever before.

Otherwise, we will irretrievably lose the high

momentum built with quite an effort over the last

years. Beforehand it is necessary to get rid of harmful

solutions proposed in the draft E-RES act, related to

limitations of support.

In the light of the high level of recapitalization of

the generation and grid infrastructure, long-term

power needs of our economy and population

make the Romanian power industry, including

renewable energy, an extremely attractive area for

the involvement of global capital for the upcoming

decade. The increasing scale of both direct and

portfolio foreign investments in this sector is a

tangible proof of that. It is so despite outstandingly

numerous threats arising from instability of law as

well as from other limitations that are described in

detail in our third edition of Wind Energy and other

renewable energy sources in Romania.

Wind power and other renewable energy sources

are not able to fully substitute for the existing powerplants but may become a signicant element of

the Romanian power system. This requires further

support for the sector and rst of all development

of a transparent regulation system which is a

prerequisite from the investors point of view. The

key issue is to ensure stable long-term legal and

regulatory terms and to solve grid connection-

related issues.

Bucharest, May 2013

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Energia eolian n Romnia,Europa i n lume

Wind energy in Romania,Europe and Worldwide


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Instalaiile globale de energie eolian au crescutcu 44.711 MW n 2012, aducnd capacitatea totalinstalat la 282.482 MW, o cretere de 18,7% adusla cei 238.035 MW instalai la sfritul anului2011. Energia eolian s-a stabilit acum ca o sursconvenional de energie electric i joac un rolcentral n planurile de energie imediate i pe termenlung pentru din ce n ce mai multe ri. Dup 15 anide rate medii de cretere cumulativ, la sfritul

anului trecut instalaiile eoliene comerciale naproximativ 80 de ri au ajuns la nivelul de 240 GW.

Douzeci i dou de ri au peste 1.000 MWinstalai, Romnia numrndu-se printre acestea.Creterea cererii este foarte lent, inexistent saunegativ, astfel nct cererea pentru noua generaiede putere de orice fel este redus iar concurenaeste acerb. Brazilia, India, Canada i Mexic suntpiee foarte dinamice, dar nu pot compensa pentrulipsa de cretere n pieele tradiionale din Europa,SUA i China. Exist multe piee noi interesante nAmerica Latin, Africa i Asia unde exist un marepotenial de cretere.

Conform Consiliului Global pentru Energie Eolian,sectorul energiei eoliene i-a continuat expansiuneala nivel mondial n 2012. Ritmul anual de cretere alpieei a ajuns la aproape 10%, n timp ce creterea decapacitate cumulativ este acum la 19%. Dezvoltarea

n acest sector a fost vizibil mai ales n SUA, n timpce n China piaa a fost mai lent dect anul trecut.Creditul scal de producie din SUA a fost anticipat cva expira, ceea ce a condus la un aux pe ultima sutde metri, peste 8.000 MW ind instalai n al patrulea

trimestru din 2012, aducnd puterea instalat pentru2012 la un total de 13.124 MW. n China pe de altparte, ca urmare a consolidrii pieei i a raionalizrii,instalaiile anuale au atins 13,1 GW, ceea ce face 2012un an mai lent pentru sectorul eolian.

n Europa, Germania i Marea Britanie sunt lideride pia. Romnia, Italia, Polonia i Suedia suntpieele emergente, care au adus o contribuiesurprinztoare anul trecut. Europa a stabilit un nourecord de 12,4 GW pentru 2012 datorit tuturorevoluiilor n aceste domenii.

Global wind power installations increased by 44,711MW in 2012, bringing the total installed capacityup to 282,482 MW, a 18.7% increase on the 238,035MW installed at the end of 2011. Wind power hasnow established itself as a mainstream electricitygeneration source, and plays a central role in anincreasing number of countries immediate andlonger-term energy plans. After 15 years of averagecumulative growth rates, the commercial wind

power installations in about 80 countries at the endof last year reached to the 240 GW level.

Twenty-two countries have more than 1,000 MWinstalled. Romania is one of those countries. Demandgrowth is very slow, nonexistent or negative sodemand for new power generation of any kind isslim, and the competition is erce. Brazil, India,Canada and Mexico are very dynamic markets,but cannot make up for the lack of growth in thetraditional markets in Europe, the US and China.There are many exciting new markets in LatinAmerica, Africa, and Asia where there is majorpotential for growth.

According to the Global Wind Energy Council, thewind energy sector has continued its expansionworldwide in 2012. The annual market growth hasreached almost 10% while the cumulative capacitygrowth is now at 19%. The development in thissector was particularly visible in the US while inChina the market was slower than last year. TheUS Production Tax Credit was anticipated to expirewhich led to a last minute rush, more than 8,000MW being installed in the fourth quarter of 2012

bringing the total for 2012 to 13,124 MW. In China onthe other hand, due to the market consolidation andrationalization, the annual installations reached 13.1GW making 2012 a slower year for the wind sector.

In Europe, Germany and UK are leading the market.Romania, Italy, Poland, and Sweden are the emergingmarkets that brought a surprising contribution last

year. Europe has set a new record of 12.4 GW for2012 due to all the developments in these areas.

1. Situaia sectorului energiei eolienela nivel mondial

1. The wind energy sector

situation worldwide

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50 000

1996

62

00

1997

76

00

1998

102

00

1999

136

00

2000

174

00

2001

239

00

2002

311

00

2003

394

31

2004

476

20

2005

590

91

2006

740

06

2007

936

39

2008

1202

67

2009

1588

64

2010

1976

86

2011

2380

35

2012

2824

82

200 000

100 000

250 000

150 000

300 000 [MW]

Alte regiuni care au artat o expansiune remarcabiln 2012 sunt Brazilia cu 1.077 MW i Australia,care a fost rspunztoare pentru 359 MW dinnoile capaciti n regiunea Pacicului. n regiuneaOrientului Mijlociu i Africa de Nord numai Tunisia analizat un proiect de 50 MW, iar primul parc eolian

comercial sub-saharian a aprut n Etiopia, marcndun viitor promitor pentru regiune. Se ateapt caAfrica s devin o pia competitiv n urmtorii anideoarece generarea de energie verde a devenit oprioritate pentru dezvoltarea economic.

Mai jos este diagrama energiei eoliene globaleinstalat cumulat n ultimii 17 ani:

Other regions that showed a remarkable expansionin 2012 are Brazil with 1,077 MW and Australia,which accounted for 359 MW of the new capacityin the Pacic region. In the Middle East and NorthAfrican region, only Tunisia completed a 50 MWproject but the rst sub-Saharan commercial wind

farm came on line in Ethiopia, marking a promisingfuture for the area. Africa is expected to become acompetitive market in the next years because thegeneration of green energy has become a priority forthe economic development.

Below is the chart of the global cumulative installedwind energy for the last 17 years:

Sursa:GCEE/Source:GW

EC

Sursa:GCEE/Source:GWEC

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n acest an, capacitatea total instalat a Chineise ridic la 75,6 GW, ceea ce constituie 26,8% dinresursele mondiale. Pe locul al doilea dup Chinasunt Statele Unite, cu 60 GW i o cot de 21,2% dincapacitatea global. Germania se a pe locul altreilea cu 31,3 GW i o cot de 11,1%.

Potrivit GCEE, n 2012 China a nregistrat o creteresubstanial din nou, dar n acest an considerabilmai mic dect n 2011, cnd au ajuns la 17.630MW, adugnd o suplimentare de 13.200 MW decapacitate eolian nou i impunndu-se din nou calider mondial pe piaa eolian cu o capacitate totalinstalat de 75.564 MW la sfritul anului.

This year, Chinas total attainable capacity amountsto 75.6 GW, which constitutes 26.8% of globalresources. In second place after China is the UnitedStates with 60 GW and a 21.2 % share in globalcapacity. Germany ranks third with 31.3 GW and an11.1% share.

According to the GWEC, in 2012 China recorded asubstantial growth again, but this year considerablylower than in 2011, when they reached 17,630 MW,adding a further 13,200 MW of new wind capacityand imposing itself again as the worlds leadingwind market with a total of 75,564 MW of installedcapacity by the end of the year.

araCapacitate eolian

n 2012 (MW)Procent

2012Capacitate eolian

n 2011 (MW)Procent

2011

CountryWind capacity in

2012 (MW)2012 Share

Wind capacity in2011 (MW)

2011 Share

China China 75564 26.75% 62364 26.24%

SUA USA 60007 21.24% 46919 19.74%

Germania Germany 31332 11.09% 29060 12.23%

Spania Spain 22796 8.07% 21674 9.12%

India India 18421 6.52% 16084 6.77%

Frana France 7196 2.55% 6800 2.86%

Italia Italy 8144 2.88% 6737 2.83%

Marea Britanie United Kingdom 8445 2.99% 6540 2.75%

Canada Canada 6200 2.19% 5265 2.22%

Portugalia Portugal 4525 1.60% 4083 1.72%

Alte ri Other countries 39852 14.11% 32143 13.52%

TOTAL GLOBAL TOTAL WORLDWIDE 282482 100.00% 237669 100.00%

ara Capacitate eolian n 2012 (MW) Procent 2012

Country Wind capacity in 2012 (MW) 2012 Share

China China 13200 29.5%

SUA USA 13124 29.4%

India India 2336 5.2%

Germania Germany 2439 5.5%

Marea Britanie UK 1897 4.2%

Canada Canada 935 2.1%

Spania Spain 1122 2.5%

Italia Italy 1273 2.8%

Frana France404 0.9%

Suedia Sweden 846 1.9%

Alte ri Other countries 7135 16.0%

TOTAL GLOBAL TOTAL WORLDWIDE 44711 100.00%

Capacitatea total a parcurilor eoliene la nivel mondial la sfritul anului 2012

Global wind farm capacity at the end of 2012

Capacitatea instalat n parcuri eoliene pe parcursul anului 2012

Global wind farm capacity introduced during 2012



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45 000

35 000

1996

12

80

1997

15

30

1998

25

20

1999

34

40

2000

37

60

2001

65

00

2002

72

70

2003

81

33

2004

82

07

2005

115

31

2006

150

52

2007

198

65

2008

267

21

2009

387

08

2010

388

50

2011

406

29

2012

447

11

25 000

15 000

5 000

40 000

30 000

20 000

10 000

[MW]

Capacitatea eolian anual instalat a crescutcu 10% n 2012 comparativ cu 2011, continundtendina ascendent de anul trecut. Cu toate acestea,instalarea de capacitate eolian nou la nivel globala ncetinit n ultimii trei ani, urmare celei mai maricreteri a sa n 2009, de la 26,5 GW la 38,6 GW,

reprezentnd o rat de cretere de puin peste 45%.

Cifrele din tabelele precedente sunt inuenatede un numr de proiecte dezafectate nsumndaproximativ 316 MW.

The global annual installed wind capacity increasedby 10% in 2012 compared with 2011, continuing last

years upward trend. However, the global installationof new wind capacity has slowed over the last three

years following its largest ever annual increase in2009, from 26.5 GW to 38.6 GW, representing a rate

of growth of just over 45%.

The gures in the previous tables are affected byproject decommissioning of approximately 316 MW.

Energia eolian n contextul crizei economice

Wind energy in the context of economic crisis

n 2012, n ciuda perioadei economice curentedicile, piaa de energie eolian a fost capabils-i revin. Ca o strategie de supravieuire,productorii de turbine i-au actualizat turbinele,

n timp ce dezvoltatorii au fost mult mai nclinaispre construirea proiectelor premium cu o marj

mai ridicat.

During 2012, even with the current difculteconomic period, the wind energy market was ableto rebound. As a survival strategy, the turbinesmanufacturers updated their turbines while thedevelopers were more inclined towards buildingpremium higher margin projects.


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200

150

100

50

2013

119,6

71,7

125,4

5,6

4,4

2,8

2014

132,6

80,2

148,9

7,3

5,4

4,4

2015

146,6

91

174,1

9,1

6,9

6,4

2016

161,6

103,0

2

200,0

4

10,8

9

8,3

6

9,4

2

[GW]

Middle East and AfricaPacicLatin AmericaAsiaNorth AmericaEurope

Impactul negativ semnicativ al incertitudinii pieeidin punct de vedere juridic i politic, n ntreaga Europde la nceputul anului 2011, nu s-a artat n capacitilenou instalate n Uniunea European pentru 2012.Turbinele instalate n 2012 au fost n generalautorizate, nanate i comandate nainte de criza

care a adus destabilizarea cadrului legislativ pentruenergia eolian. Instabilitatea care a fost resimit desectorul eolian n mai multe piee din Europa ar trebuis se reecte ntr-un nivel redus de instalaii n 2013,eventual, tendina continund i n 2014.

Criza nanciar global a contribuit la scdereapotenialului economic, i, prin urmare, investiiilecompaniilor internaionale au fost sever limitatesau chiar amnate. Cu toate acestea, n ciudascderii produsului intern brut din majoritatearilor, investiiile n sectorul energiei regenerabile

nu s-au diminuat.

Chiar dac estimrile pentru 2013 i poate chiar 2014par a descurajatoare, GCEE prevede n continuareo tendin ascendent general pn n 2016.Prognoza pieei ofer o privire de ansamblu pozitiva evoluiilor din ntreaga lume, cu Asia rmnndlider global. Acest lucru arat c efectele crizeieconomice sunt din ce n ce mai reduse.

The signicantly negative impact of market, regulatoryand political uncertainty sweeping across Europesince the beginning of 2011 were not showed in theEU wind power installations for 2012. The turbinesinstalled during 2012 were generally permitted,nanced and ordered prior to the crisis that brought

the destabilization of legislative frameworks for windenergy. The stress that was felt by the wind sector inmany markets across Europe should be more visiblethrough a reduced level of installations in 2013, possiblycontinuing also into 2014.

The global nancial crisis has contributed to thedecline in economic potential, and consequentlyinvestment by international companies has beenseverely limited or even postponed. However,despite a drop in the gross domestic product ofmost countries, investment in the renewable energy

sector has not decreased.

Even though the estimations for 2013 and maybeeven 2014 appear to be discouraging, the GWEAstill foresees a general ascending trend until 2016.The market forecast offers a positive overview ofthe developments worldwide, with Asia remainingthe leader overall. This shows that the effects of theeconomic crisis are getting weaker by the day.

Prognoza de pia cumulativ pe regiuni pentru 2013-2016

2013-2016 cumulative market forecast by regions


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Un reper foarte important a fost atins de piaaeuropean, capacitatea eolian instalat a ajuns lapeste 100 GW i semnale noi i interesante vin dinpartea rilor emergente. Putem vedea o mare varietatede noi juctori pe piaa de energie regenerabil,fondurile de pensii investesc n domeniul eolian ca oalternativ la obligaiunile de stat n timp ce fondurilede investiii au nceput s acioneze ca intermediari.

12.744 MW de energie eolian au fost instalai nEuropa, din care 11.896 MW au fost n UniuneaEuropean. Energia eolian instalat n UE are o

valoare cuprins ntre 13 miliarde EUR i 17 miliardeEUR. Energia eolian a reprezentat un total de 26,5%din capacitatea total de putere instalat. Instalaiileanuale au crescut exponenial n ultimii 12 ani. n2000 erau instalai numai 3,2 GW; astfel, comparndcu cifrele din ultimul an, putem vedea o cretereanual compus de peste 11,6%.

Germania a rmas ara european cu cea mai marecapacitate instalat urmat de Spania, MareaBritanie i Italia. Dintre pieele emergente din Europacentral i de Est, Romnia i Polonia au avut ambeleani record amndou instalnd aproximativ 7,5%din capacitatea anual total a UE. Ambele pieesunt acum n mod constant n top zece n UE pentrucapacitatea instalat anual. De asemenea, esteimportant de menionat valoarea capacitilorinstalate n Marea Britanie, Italia i Suedia. Aceste treipiee reprezint 16%, 11% i respectiv 7% din totalulinstalaiilor din UE n 2012. Capacitatea de putereeolian instalat pn la sfritul anului 2012 arputea produce ntr-un an cu vnt normal, 231 TWh deenergie electric, sucient pentru a acoperi 7% dinconsumul de electricitate al UE crescnd de la 6,3%din anul anterior.

A very important milestone has been reached by theEuropean market, the installed wind capacity hasreached 100 GW and new and interesting signals arecoming from emerging countries. We can see a largevariety of new players on the renewables market,pension funds are investing in wind as an alternativeto Government Bonds while investment funds arebeginning to act as traders.

12,744 MW of wind power have been installed acrossEurope, out of which 11,896 MW in the EuropeanUnion. The wind energy installed in the EU is worth

between EUR 13 billion and EUR 17 billion. The windpower accounts for a total of 26.5% of the totalinstalled power capacity. Annual installations haveincreased exponentially over the last 12 years. In 2000we only had 3.2 GW, comparing that to the numbersfrom the last year we can see a compound annualgrowth rate of over 11.6%.

Germany has remained the European country withthe largest installed capacity followed by Spain, UKand Italy. Among the emerging markets of Centraland Eastern Europe, Romania and Poland both hadrecord years both installing around 7.5% of theEUs total annual capacity. Both markets are nowconsistently in the top ten in the EU for annualinstalled capacity. It is also important to note theamount of installations in the UK, Italy and Sweden.These three markets represent respectively 16%,11% and 7% of total EU installations in 2012. Thewind power capacity installed by the end of 2012would, in a normal wind year, produce 231 TWh ofelectricity, enough to cover 7% of the EUs electricityconsumption up from 6.3% the year before.

2. Romnia i Europa

2. Romania and Europe

10



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Din cei 11.896 MW instalai n UE, 10.729 MW au fostpe uscat i 1.165 MW n larg. Investiiile n parcurileeoliene din UE au fost ntre 12,8 miliarde EUR i 17,2miliarde EUR. Fermele eoliene pe uscat au atras

ntre 9,4 miliarde EUR i 12,5 miliarde EUR, n timpce fermele eoliene din larg au reprezentat ntre 3,4miliarde EUR i 4,7 miliarde EUR. Anul trecut au fostinstalate n larg i racordate 293 de turbine eoliene.Aceasta nseamn mai mult de o turbin pe zi. Elereprezint 1.165 MW, ceea ce nseamn o creterede 33% comparativ cu 2011 cnd au fost 874 MW.Capacitatea total eolian n larg este acum 4.995

MW, Anglia ind lider de pia (60%). n Europa, existn prezent 1.662 turbine n 55 de parcuri eoliene nlarg rspndite n 8 ri, ceea ce face din Europa lidermondial n energia eolian n larg.

Of the 11,896 MW installed in the EU, 10,729 MWwas onshore and 1,165 MW offshore. Investmentin EU wind farms was between EUR 12.8 billionand EUR 17.2 billion. Onshore wind farms attractedEUR 9.4 billion to EUR 12.5 billion, while offshorewind farms accounted for EUR 3.4 billion to EUR 4.7billion. 293 offshore wind turbines were installedand grid connected last year. That results in morethan one wind turbine per day. They represent 1,165MW, which means an increase of 33% compared to2011 when there were 874 MW. The total offshorewind capacity is now 4,995 MW with UK leading the

market (60%). In Europe, there are currently 1,662turbines in 55 offshore wind farms spread through 8countries making the continent the world leader inoffshore wind energy.

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Irlanda

Ireland

1,738Marea Britanie

UK8,445

SpaniaSpain

22,796

FranaFrance7,654

BelgiaBelgium1,375

OlandaNetherlands

2,391 GermaniaGermany31,308

PoloniaPoland2,497

RomniaRomania

1,905

TurciaTurkey2,312

UcrainaUkraine

276

LituaniaLithuania

225

LetoniaLatvia

68

NorvegiaNorway

703

SuediaSweden3,745

FinlandaFinland288

RusiaRussia15

Estonia269

Bulgaria684

CehiaCzech Republic

260

Austria1,378

Croaia

Croatia180

GreciaGreece1,749

CipruCyprus147

SlovaciaSlovakia

3

UngariaHungary329

DanemarcaDenmark

4,162

ElveiaSwitzerland

50

ItaliaItaly8,144Portugalia

Portugal4,525

Sursa:AEEE/Source:

EWEA

Puterea eolian instalat n Europa la sfritul lui 2012

Wind power installed in Europe by the end of 2012

12



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ara

Creterea

capacitii (MW) n

2012

Poziia privind

capacitatea

instalat

Capacitatea

cumulat la nal

de 2012 (MW)

Procent de

cretere (2011-

2012)

Procent n

capacitatea UE27

Country Capacity increase

(MW) in 2012

Capacity increase

ranking position

Aggregate

capacity at the end

of 2012 (MW)

Capacity change

(2011-2012)

Share in capacity

in EU27

Germania Germany 2415 1 31308 8.4% 29.5%

Marea Britanie United Kingdom 1897 2 8445 29.0% 8.0%

Italia Italy 1273 3 8144 18.5% 7.7%

Spania Spain 1122 4 22796 5.2% 21.5%

Romnia Romania 923 5 1905 94.0% 1.8%

Polonia Poland 880 6 2497 54.4% 2.4%

Suedia Sweden 846 7 3745 29.2% 3.5%

Frana France 757 8 7564 11.1% 7.1%

Belgia Belgium 297 9 1375 27.6% 1.3%

Austria Austria 296 10 1378 27.4% 1.3%

Danemarca Denmark 217 11 4162 5.5% 3.9%

Bulgaria Bulgaria 168 12 684 32.6% 0.6%

Portugalia Portugal 145 13 4525 3.3% 4.3%

Irlanda Ireland 125 14 1738 7.7% 1.6%

Olanda Netherlands 119 15 2391 5.2% 2.3%

Grecia Greece 117 16 1749 7.2% 1.6%

Finlanda Finland 89 17 288 44.7% 0.3%

Estonia Estonia 86 18 269 47.0% 0.3%

Lituania Lithuania 46 19 225 25.7% 0.2%

Republica Ceh Czech Republic 44 20 260 20.4% 0.2%

Letonia Latvia 21 21 68 44.7% 0.1%

Cipru Cyprus 13 22 147 9.7% 0.1%

Ungaria Hungary 0 23 329 0.0% 0.3%

Luxemburg Luxembourg 0 24 45 0.0% 0.0%

Slovacia Slovakia 0 25 3 0.0% 0.0%

Malta Malta 0 26 0 - 0.0%

Slovenia Slovenia 0 27 0 - 0.0%

UE27 EU27 11896 106040 12.6% 100.0%

13



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500

2010

ANRE NREAP REALITY

2011 2012 2013 20172014 20182015 20192016 2020

2000

3500

1000

2500

4000

Sursa:AREE/Source:RWEA

1500

3000

Uniunea European a continuat instalarea noilorcapaciti de energie eolian cu un ritm ascendent

n 2012. Este remarcabil faptul c n Romania au fostinstalai 923 MW care acoper 8% din totalul de noisurse de energie eolian al UE n 2012. Creterea de 94%din capacitatea total eolian realizat de Romnia n2012 probabil nu va mai niciodat egalat.

La sfritul anului 2012, energia eolian acoperea8% din necesarul de energie total n UE n timp ce

n Romnia acest indicator a fost de aproximativ 5%.Chiar dac numrul este inferior mediei europene,este n continuare un procent remarcabil avnd nvedere faptul c n 2009 doar 0,1% din necesarul deenergie a fost acoperit din surse de energie eolian.

Chiar n condiiile de impredictibilitate legislativmajor din acest an, care vor avea drept consecininstalarea a maxim 500-600 MW, Romnia va asiguradin energia eolian 8% din totalul consumului brutde energie al rii. Situarea Romniei peste mediaeuropean va posibil deoarece toi cei 1.905 MWinstalai pn n 2012 vor genera energie de-a lungul

ntregului an 2013.

The European Union has continued to install newwind energy capacities with an ascending rhythm in2012. It is remarkable that in Romania 923 MW wereinstalled which cover 8% from the total of the newwind energy sources of EU in 2012. The 94% increasein the total wind capacity that was achieved byRomania in 2012 will probably never be equaled.

At the end of 2012, wind energy was covering 8%of the total energy requirements in EU while inRomania the indicator was about 5%. Even thoughthe number is inferior to the European medium, itis still a remarkable percent given that in 2009 only0.1% of the energy requirements were covered bywind energy sources.

Even with the major legislative unpredictability thatwe encounter this year that will only bring 500-600new MW, wind power will cover 8% of Romaniastotal gross energy requirements. Romanias positionon top of the European medium will be possiblebecause the 1,905 MW installed until 2012 willgenerate energy throughout the entire year 2013.

3. Situaia sectorului de energie eoliann Romnia

3. The wind energy sector situationin Romania

14



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Pn la sfritul anului 2012 piaa de energie eoliandin Romnia depea estimrile ANRE precum i planulnaional de aciune de energie regenerabil (PNAER),dup cum se poate observa n gracul precedent.

Potenialul Romniei a fost recunoscut, printre

alte surse, n raportul Ernst & Young Indicii deatractivitate a energiei eoliene pe ri (ediiafebruarie 2013). Raportul situeaz Romnia pe locul10 n lume cu privire la potenialul de energie eolian.

n 2012, aceasta a fost pe locul 13 n timp ce n 2011s-a clasat pe locul 12. Astfel, putem vedea c piaaa fost relativ stabil anul trecut chiar i n contextulmodicrilor preconizate.

Romnia a fost lider printre pieele emergente aleEuropei n 2012, instalnd 923 MW de noi capaciti,aproape dublu fa de cei 520 MW instalai n anul

2011, pentru o capacitate cumulat de 1.905 MWla sfritul anului trecut. ara are un potenial dedezvoltare semnicativ, situndu-se pe locul 5 ncadrul pieelor eoliene din Uniunea European nceea ce privete creterea capacitii n 2012.

Energia electric produs n Romnia a fost de 60,44TWh, din care au fost: energie termic convenional 33,18 TWh; hidroenergie 12,23 TWh; energienuclear 11,47 TWh; energie eolian 2,64TWh i alte surse de energie regenerabil 0,92TWh. Creterea cifrelor n ceea ce privete energiaalternativ este promitoare n contextul creteriiconsumului cu 0,2%.

n Romnia, un parc eolian mediu are circa 50 MW,ceea ce depete cu mult media european. Lucrulacesta este posibil datorit densitii reduse apopulaiei n spaiul rural din Dobrogea, principalazon de resurs eolian a Romniei.

n 2012 s-a nalizat cel mai mare parc eolian pe uscatdin Europa. Parcul dezvoltat de CEZ la Fntnele-Cogealac-Grdina are o capacitate total de 600 MW,

din care 200 MW au fost instalai n 2012.

By the end of 2012, the wind energy market inRomania was exceeding the estimates of ANRE andthose under the National Renewable Energy ActionPlan (NREAP), as depicted in the previous chart.

Romanias potential has been recognized, among

other sources, in the Ernst & Young report onRenewable energy country attractiveness indices(February 2013 edition). The report ranked Romania10th in the world this year with regard to wind energypotential. In 2012 it was ranked 13th while in 2011Romania was ranked the 12th. So, it can be seen thatthe market was relatively stable in the past year evenwith all the changes.

Romania was the leader among Europes emergingmarkets in 2012, installing 923 MW of new capacity,nearly double the 520 MW installed in 2011, for a

cumulative capacity of 1,905 MW at the end of lastyear. The country has a signicant developmentpipeline, and ranks 5th within the European Unionwind markets in terms of 2012 capacity increase.

The produced electricity in Romania was 60.44 TWh,out of which were: conventional thermal power of33.18 TWh; hydro power of 12.23 TWh; the nuclearpower of 11.47 TWh; wind power of 2.64 TWh andother renewable energy sources of 0.92 TWh. Thegrowing numbers for the alternative energy arepromising especially since the energy consumptionhas increased with 0.2%.

In Romania, a wind energy park has approximately 50MW which is a lot over the European average. This ispossible due to the small density of the population inthe rural areas of Dobrogea, the main area used for thewind energy parks.

In 2012, the largest onshore wind energy park inEurope was nalized. The park developed by CEZ inFntnele-Cogealac-Grdina has a total capacity of

600 MW, out of which 200 MW were installed in 2012.

An2009 2010 2011 2012

Estimare pentru

2013

Year 2013 Estimate

Capacitate anual instalat (MW)

14 448 520 923 617Annual Installed capacity (MW)

MW instalai anual n eolian n Romnia

MW of annual Installed Wind Capacity in Romania

Su

rsa:ANRE/Source:ANRE

15



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Enel Green Power i-a continuat de asemeneaascensiunea n sectorul eolian romnesc cu un totalde aproape 500 de MW, din care 325 MW au fostinstalai n 2012 (cel mai mare parc este cel de laTrgor cu o capacitate de 120 MW).

Iberdrola a nalizat un parc de 80 MW la MihaiViteazu, Verbund a dezvoltat 100 MW la Casimcea,GDF Suez a dezvoltat 47,5 MW n judeul Brila, EDPa ajuns la un total de circa 300 MW. n Pantelimon,

judeul Constana, a fost construit un parc de 123MW de ctre Monsson i Vestas.

Per ansamblu, multinaionalele domin piaa:CEZ, ENEL, EDP, Iberdrola i Verbund totalizeazaproape 1.600 MW din cei 1.905 MW instalai ntotal (peste 80%).

Planul total de investiii al Verbund prevede 340 demilioane de EUR pn n 2016 pentru parcuri eoliene

n Romnia. Pn n prezent, Monsson Group adezvoltat 40% din capacitatea eolian de aproape2.000 MW instalat n Romnia n valoare de maimult de 3,6 miliarde EUR (4,8 miliarde USD). Ei au deasemenea, mai multe proiecte planicate pentruRomnia cu o capacitate total de 2.400 MW dintrecare pentru 1.700 MW au primit deja autorizaiilenecesare. Au construit 818 MW n ar pn acumi au vndut proiecte pentru companii mari ca OMVPetrom, STEAG, CEZ sau ButanGas, cu o capacitate depeste 850 MW.

Unele dintre cele mai importante probleme pentruinvestitorii de pe piaa romneasc de energiesunt instabilitatea infrastructurii de transport aenergiei electrice i nivelul sczut al consumului deenergie. Este din ce n ce mai greu s faci previziunipentru piaa romneasc de energie regenerabili industrializarea sectorului aduce o provocaresuplimentar pentru investitori.

Parcurile eoliene operaionale din Romnia suntsituate n principal n Dobrogea, pe coasta Mrii

Negre, unde viteza medie a vntului poate ajunge la7 m/s la o altitudine de 100 m. Regiunea este plati slab populat, ceea ce face posibil instalareaunui numr mare de turbine eoliene. Exist, deasemenea, alte dou regiuni cu un potenial eolianmare n Romnia: Moldova i Cara Severin. Lasfritul anului 2011, 88% din capacitatea instalat

n Romnia era n zona Dobrogea, n timp ce n 2012 aexistat o extindere spre nord est-ul rii.

Enel Green Power has also continued the ascensionin the wind energy sector of Romania with a total ofalmost 500 MW, out of which 325 MW were installedin 2012 (the largest park is in Trgor and has acapacity of 120 MW).

Iberdrola nalized a 80 MW park at Mihai Viteazu,Verbund commissioned a 100 MW park at Casimcea,GDF Suez commissioned a 47.5 MW park in Brila andEDP has reached the 300 MW landmark. An 123 MWpark was built in Pantelimon, Constana county, byMonsson and Vestas.

As a whole, the market is being dominated bymultinational companies: CEZ, ENEL, EDP, Iberdrolaand Verbund sum up around 1,600 MW from thetotal of 1,905 MW installed (over 80%).

The Verbund investment plan foresees EUR 340million by 2016 for the wind farms in Romania.So far, Monsson Group has developed 40% ofRomanias almost 2,000 MW of installed windcapacity. The whole investment is worth more thanEUR 3.6 billion (USD 4.8 billion). They also havemore projects planned for Romania with a totalcapacity of 2,400 MW. Out of these, for 1,700 MWthe necessary authorizations have already beenreceived. 818 MW were built in the country untilnow and projects have been sold to big companieslike OMV Petrom, STEAG, CEZ, or ButanGas with acapacity of over 850 MW.

Some of the most important problems for theinvestors on the Romanian energy market arethe unstable infrastructure of the electricitytransmission and the low level of the powerconsumption. It is getting harder to make a forecastfor the Romanian renewable energy sources marketand the industrialization of the sector is bringing anextra challenge for the investors.

Romanias operational wind farms are mainly locatedin Dobrogea, on the Black Sea coast, where average

wind speeds can reach 7 m/s at an altitude of 100m. The region is at and sparsely populated, whichmakes it possible to install a large number of windturbines. There are also two other regions with ahigh wind power potential in Romania: Moldova andCara Severin. At the end of 2011, 88% of Romaniasinstalled capacity was in the Dobrogea area, while in2012 there has been a shift towards the North East ofthe country.

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RWEA2522

2880

2013ANRE

Sursa:AREE/Source:RWEA

Prognoza 2013 pentru Romnia

Din 2013, urmtoarele parcuri eoliene suntpreconizate a deveni funcionale:

GDF Suez dezvoltarea a 50 MW situai n Bbeni

(judeul Galai) folosind turbine GE;EP Global Energy dezvoltarea a 80 MW situai nChirnogeni (judeul Constana) folosind turbineNordex;Verbund dezvoltarea a 100 MW situai nCasimcea (judeul Tulcea) folosind turbine Enercon;Lukerg dezvoltarea a 84 MW situai n Casimcea(judeul Tulcea);EDP dezvoltarea a 162 MW situai n Fceni(judeul Ialomia) folosind turbine Vestas;PNE WIND dezvoltarea a 18 MW situai nMircea Vod (judeul Constana) folosind turbine

Vestas.

Dezvoltarea de mai sus ar aduce un total de494 MW de energie nou provenit din surse deenergie eolian.

Potrivit estimrilor AREE, nivelul previzionat alcapacitilor eoliene instalate este ambiios avnd

n vedere planurile curente de investiii i trebuiesusinut de un plan sntos de mbuntire areelelor electrice, un plan clar pentru dezafectareacentralelor vechi i ineciente pe baz de crbune,dar i un cadru juridic stabil. Mai jos sunt estimrileAREE pentru 2013, n comparaie cu cele ale ANRE.

2013 forecast for Romania

In 2013, the following wind farms are expected tobecome functional:

GDF Suez the development of 50 MW located in

Bbeni (Galai County) using GE turbines;EP Global Energy the development of 80 MWlocated in Chirnogeni (Constana County) usingNordex turbines;Verbund the development of 100 MW located inCasimcea (Tulcea County) using Enercon turbines;Lukerg the development of 84 MW located inCasimcea (Tulcea County);EDP the development of 162 MW located inFceni (Ialomia county) using Vestas turbines;PNE Wind the development of 18 MW locatedin Mircea Voda (Constana county) using Vestas

turbines.

The above development would bring a total of494 MW of new energy coming from wind energysources.

According to RWEA estimates, the forecast forinstalled wind capacities is ambitious given thecurrent investment plans and needs to be backedup by a signicant grid improvement plan, a clearplan for the decommissioning of old, inefcient coalpower plants and a stable legal framework. Beloware the RWEA estimates for 2013 compared withthose of the ANRE.

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GE 34%

Vestas 31.5%

Gamesa 17.9%

Nordex 2%

Fuhrlaender 0.9%

Suzlon 0.8 %

Vestas 36%

GE 30%

Siemens 14%

Gamesa 13%

Enercon 5%

Nordex 1%

Fuhrlaender 0.4%

Others 0.6 %

20122011

Su

rsa:AREE/Source:RWEA

Toate turbinele instalate n 2012 au fost produse nUE: Germania particip cu 85% (GE este fabricat nGermania) i Spania cu 15% (Gamesa). Echipamenteleutilizate n Romnia folosesc cel mai bun i mai naltnivel de tehnologie aducnd Romnia pe primulloc din lume din punct de vedere al modernizrii.

Productorii principali de turbine din Romnia suntVestas i GE cu aproximativ 650 MW ecare (GE aechipat complet parcul eolian CEZ cu o capacitate de600 MW). Siemens i Gamesa sunt urmtoarele cu250 MW instalai ecare. Nordex i Fuhrlaender suntde asemenea concureni importani.

All turbines installed in 2012 were made in the EU:Germany participates with 85% (GE is manufacturedin Germany) and Spain with 15% (Gamesa). Theequipment used in Romania are using the best andhighest level of technology bringing Romania on therst place worldwide from the modernization point

of view. The main turbines producers in Romania areVestas and GE with approximately 650 MW each (GEfully equipped the CEZ wind park with a capacity of600 MW). Siemens and Gamesa are following with250 MW installed by each. Nordex and Fuhrlaenderare also important competitors.

Cotele de pia ale celor mai importani productori i furnizori de turbine eoliene n Romnia n 2012 comparativ cu 2011

Market shares of the leading wind turbines manufacturers and suppliers in Romania in 2012 compared to 2011

18



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B

acu

ATR

0

CR

644

Vaslui

ATR

132

CR

709

V

rancea

A

TR

10

CR

91

Neam

ATR

6

CR

70

Brila

ATR

241

CR

455

Constana

ATR

1451

CR

6558Tu

lcea

ATR

466

CR

2582

Giurgiu

ATR

30

CR

0

Gorj

ATR

42

CR

0

Meh

edini

ATR

45

CR

54

Hu

nedoara

ATR

198

CR

0

Timi

ATR

0

CR

96

Galai

ATR

396

CR

1002

Bucureti

ATR

0

CR

0

Prahova

ATR

33

CR

30

Suceava

ATR

444

CR

136

Cluj

ATR

0

CR

1

Buzu

ATR

2

CR

271

Clrai

ATR

54

CR

15

Ialomia

ATR

600

CR

551

Cara-Severin

ATR

75

CR

1392

Boto

ani

ATR

559

CR

227

Iai

ATR

218

CR

814

Bihor

ATR

22

CR

64

BistriaNs

ud

ATR

0

CR

1

Sursa:Transelectrica,aprilie2013/Source:Transelectr

ica,April2013

Parcuri eoliene cu avize tehnice (ATR)i contracte de racordare (CR)pe judee, n MW

Wind parks holding permits (ATR) andconnection contracts (CR)by county, in MW

19



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Dezvoltarea industriei eoliene a fost marcat npermanen de un proces de tip stop and go.

Pn n prezent partea de Go a fost predominant.Aceasta este i explicaia pentru care n momentul

redactrii acestui material, n Romnia sunt instalaicirca 2.200 de MW. Progresul este remarcabil din2010, anul n care industria eolian a marcat saltulimportant ctre maturitate i pn n prezent,ducnd Romnia pe poziia 10 din punct de vedere alputerii instalate n Uniunea European.

La partea de Stop sunt de menionat: ntarzierileautoritilor n noticarea legii la Bruxelles(noiembrie 2009, fa de noiembrie 2008 anul ncare legea a fost aprobat de Parlament); alte 4 luni

ntre aprobarea schemei de sprijin a regenerabilelorprin decizie a Comisiei Europene i emitereaOrdonanei 88/2011, care armoniza legislaiaromn cu cerinele Uniunii Europene; emitereaordinului 6/2012 privind supracompensarea carepropunea drept dat a primei schimbri a schemeide sprijin 1 ianuarie 2013; blocarea contractelorbilaterale de vnzare a energiei n iulie 2012, prinlegea energiei electrice i a gazelor naturale; imai ales n prezent ncercarea de a schimba legearegenerabilelor printr-o ordonan de urgen lainiiativa Ministerului Economiei, iar recent emitereaunei Hotrri de Guvern prin care se acord prioritate

n reea productorilor de energie din crbune.

De ecare dat industria eolian n ansamblul sui Asociaia Romn pentru Energie Eolian au gsitrspunsuri adecvate la ncercrile prin care s-a trecut.

Pe de o parte, industria a reuit s ofere un modelde dezvoltare tehnologic a unui sector industrial laun nivel de top: practic toate investiiile n energiaeolian sunt la cel mai nalt nivel tehnologic mondial.Pe de alt parte, proiectele de pn n prezent audepit 3,5 miliarde de EUR lucru care situeazindustria eolian pe primul loc al investiiilor strine

n Romnia.

Ionel DavidDirector Executiv, AREEExecutive Director of RWEA

The development of the wind energy market wasalways marked by a stop and go type of process.

Until now, the go part was predominant. This isalso the reason for which, at the time of redacting

this document that are 2,200 MW installed inRomania. The progress is remarkable since 2010,the year that marked the important step towardsmaturity and which brought Romania on the 10thplace in EU for the capacity installed.

The stop part was marked by: the delay of theBrussels law (passed in November 2009 instead ofNovember 2008 the year in which the law wasapproved by the parliament); other 4 months passedbetween the approval of the support scheme forrenewable energy by the Commission and the issuingof the Ordinance 88/2011, which was bringingharmony between the Romanian legislation and theEU requests; the issuing of Order 6/2012 regardingsupra-compensation which was proposing 1 January2013 as the rst date of changing the support scheme;the blocking of the bilateral energy contracts in July2012 through the Electricity and Natural Gas Law;especially the present try to change the renewableslaw through an emergency ordinance at the initiativeof the Economics Ministry and the most recent is thegovernment decision through which the coal energyproducers get priority in the network.

Each time the wind energy industry and theRomanian Wind Energy Association have foundadequate answers for the impediments presented.

On the one side, the industry managed to offer atechnological development model at a top level:practically all the investments from the wind sectorare at the highest technological level worldwide.On the other side, the projects done until now areover EUR 3.5 billion this places Romania on the rstplace world-wide for foreign investments.

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Asociaia, la rndul ei, are dou scopuri majore:mbuntirea cadrului legislativ i crearea unuinetworking mai bun ntre membrii asociaiei: 98 nacest moment. n ceea ce privete cadrul legislativ,asociaia a fost permanent prezent la discuiilelegate de mbuntirea legii sau a reglementrilor

secundare, a prezentat constant la ENER punctelesale de vedere, iar n prezent este pe deplin implicat

n dezbaterea pe marginea proiectului ordonanei deurgen lansat n dezbatere public la nceputul luiaprilie 2013. Punctul nostru de vedere este c actullegislativ este inutil i contraproductiv i va generaefecte negative asupra ntregului sistem investiionaldin Romnia, nu doar a celui energetic n special.Legat de Hotrrea de Guvern amintit mai sus,vom adresa nemulumirile noastre att autoritilorromne, ct i celor de la Uniunea European.

Asociaia Romn pentru Energie Eolian ipropune, ca i pn acum, s urmreasc respectareaintereselor membrilor si: predictibilitate legislativ,reglementri secundare bine structurate n tandemcu legile romneti i directivele europene i sofere un cadru de dialog ntre membrii si.

The Association has two major purposes: theimprovement of the legal framework and thecreation of a better networking between its current98 members. In terms of the legislative area, theAssociation was permanently present for thediscussions linked to the improvement of the law

or of the secondary regulations. It presented itspoints of view in front of ENER and currently it is fullyinvolved in the debates concerning the emergencyordinance project launched for public debate at thebeginning of April 2013. Our point of view is that thisnormative deed is a useless and contra productivelegislative act, which will negatively inuence notonly the wind energy but also the whole investmentsystem in Romania. Moreover, the Association willpresent its complaints in front of the Romanianauthorities and in front of the EU.

The Romanian Wind Energy Association has thesame target as until now, to follow the interest of itsmembers: legislative predictability, well-structuredsecondary regulations in line with the Romanianlaws and European directives and to offer adiscussion frame for its members.

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Prevederi legale

Legal Regulations


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Prezenta seciune trateaz o serie de aspecte juridicen legtur cu investiiile n energie regenerabildin Romnia, precum i din Uniunea European icuprinde trei pri.

Primele dou pri expun reglementrile legislaiei

romneti cu privire la regimul juridic al imobilelor,la autorizaiile necesare i la legislaia de mediuaplicabile construirii i operrii unei centrale deproducere a energiei electrice din surse regenerabile.Partea a treia analizeaz dezvoltarea domeniuluienergiei regenerabile n contextul mai larg alreglementrilor europene.

This section focuses on several legal aspects ofrenewable energy investments in Romania, aswell as within the European Union, and consists o fthree parts.

The rst two parts deal with Romanian real estate,

regulatory and environmental regulations applicableto the construction and the operation of a renewableenergy plant. The third part places Romanianrenewable energy development within the largercontext of EU regulations.

1. Pregtirea proiectului de investiie iconstrucia unei centrale electrice

1. Preparation of the investment projectand construction of a renewableenergy plant

1.1 Drepturile reale necesare pentru construirea unei centraleelectrice

Primul pas n implementarea unui proiect deinvestiii pentru o central electric l reprezintobinerea locaiei necesare amplasrii acesteia.Conform dreptului romnesc, pentru construciaoricrei capaciti energetice este necesar obinerea

unei autorizaii de construire. Aceast autorizaiede construire se acord doar n baza unui drept realasupra terenului pe care urmeaz a construitcapacitatea energetic. Astfel, investitorii caredoresc s dezvolte o central electric n Romnia,au n general dou modaliti principale pentrudobndirea dreptului real necesar n vederea emiteriiautorizaiei de construire, respectiv (i) obinereadreptului de proprietate asupra terenului sau (ii)obinerea dreptului de supercie asupra terenului. nvederea dezvoltrii, construirii i operrii capacitiienergetice pot necesare i alte drepturi reale cu

privire la teren, cum ar dreptul de uz, dreptul deservitute, dreptul de uzufruct, etc.

1.1 Real rights required for developing a renewable energy plant

The rst stage when implementing an investmentproject is obtaining the location for erecting theenergy plant. Under Romanian law, a building permitis needed to build any facility for the productionof energy. The building permit is granted only if a

specic real right (in remright) to the land on whichthe energy plant is to be erected is proved. UnderRomanian law there are generally two main ways forinvestors to hold the specic in rem right required fora building permit, namely (i) an ownership title to theland or (ii) a supercies right to the land. With a viewto develop, erect and operate the energy plant otherreal rights to the land, such as right of usage, right ofeasement, usufruct right, etc. might be required.

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1.1.1 Dreptul de proprietate

Conform dreptului romnesc, titularul dreptului deproprietate dispune de un drept absolut de a folosii de a dispune de proprietatea sa, fr limitare ntimp. Acest drept l include i pe acela de a edica n

subsolul, pe sau deasupra terenului construcii sauorice alte structuri permanente sau temporare.

Dreptul de proprietate se dobndete de reguln baza unui contract ncheiat pentru validitate nform autentic. Cu toate acestea, dup nalizarealucrrilor cadastrale pentru ecare unitateadministrativ teritorial i deschiderea crilorfunciare pentru terenurile respective, dreptul deproprietate asupra terenurilor nscrise n carteafunciar se va dobndi att ntre pri, ct i fa deteri numai prin nscrierea dreptului de proprietate

n cartea funciar n baza contractului prin care s-aagreat transferul dreptului de proprietate.

Dac n prezent dreptul de proprietate poate dovedit prin orice nscris ce atest proprietatea,Codul Civil prevede c dovada dreptului deproprietate asupra imobilelor nscrise n carteafunciar, se va face cu extrasul de carte funciar1.

Cu anumite excepii, dobndirea dreptului deproprietate asupra terenurilor n Romnia este

n prezent limitat persoanelor zice sau juridiceromne. Cu toate acestea, ncepnd cu 1 ianuarie2012, cetenii unui stat membru UE nerezideni

n Romnia, apatrizii nerezideni n Romnia cudomiciliul ntr-un stat membru UE, precum ipersoanele juridice nerezidente constituite nconformitate cu legislaia unui stat membru UE, potdobndi dreptul de proprietate asupra terenurilor

n Romnia pentru reedine secundare, respectivsedii secundare. Totui, obinerea dreptului deproprietate asupra terenurilor agricole, pdurilor iterenurilor forestiere este restricionat cetenilorstrini i persoanelor juridice strine pn la

mplinirea a 7 ani de la aderarea Romniei, deci pnla 1 ianuarie 2014. n ciuda acestor restricii, striniipot deine dreptul de proprietate asupra terenurilor

n Romnia prin intermediul societilor comercialenregistrate de acetia n conformitate cu legislaiaaplicabil n Romnia.

1. Aceast prevedere va aplicabil doar dup ncheierea lucrrilorcadastrale pentru ecare unitate administrativ teritorial.

1.1.1 Ownership right

The ownership right under Romanian law offersthe owner an absolute right to use, encumber andsell the owned real property without limitation intime. This also includes the right to build on the real

property any building or other type of structure,either permanent or temporary.

The ownership right is usually established byway of agreement executed in notarised form forvalidity purposes. Nevertheless, after completion ofcadastral works for each administrative-territorialunit and opening of Land Registers for the relevantlands, the ownership right to lands registered withthe Land Register shall be transferred betweenthe parties, as well as towards third parties, onlyupon registration of the ownership right with the

Land Register on the basis of the agreement on thetransfer of ownership right.

While currently an ownership right may be provedby way of any attesting ownership documents, theCivil Code provides that the proof of ownership rightto real estate subject to registration with the LandRegister shall be made with the excerpt from theLand Register1.

With some exceptions, direct access to ownershipright to lands is currently limited to Romanianindividuals or entities. Nevertheless, starting 1January 2012, the foreign persons EU members,natural or legal entities non-resident in Romaniamay acquire the ownership rights to land inRomania for secondary residences/ secondaryhead ofces. However, with respect to theagricultural lands, forests and forestry lands,the ownership right thereto may be acquired byforeign citizens or legal entities provided that a 7

year period has elapsed from the completion ofRomanias accession process, namely on 1 January2014. Despite all restrictions, foreigners can holdownership title to lands in Romania through their

companies duly registered in Romania.

1. This provision shall be applicable only after completion of thecadastral works for each administrative-territorial unit.

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1.1.2 Dreptul de supercie

Dreptul de supercie const n: (i) dreptul de aavea sau de a edica o construcie pe, deasuprasau n subsolul terenului deinut n proprietate deo alt persoan; (ii) dreptul de proprietate asupra

construciei i (iii) dreptul de folosin asupraterenului pe care se a amplasat construcia.Dreptul de supercie permite delimitarea ntredreptul de proprietate asupra terenului i dreptul deproprietate asupra construciei ridicate pe, deasuprasau n subsolul terenului proprietatea altei persoane.

Codul Civil limiteaz durata dreptului de supercie lamaximum 99 de ani, cu posibilitatea de prelungire.

Un drept de supercie se constituie de regul nbaza unui contract ncheiat, pentru validitate n

form autentic. Cu toate acestea, dup nalizarealucrrilor cadastrale pentru ecare unitateadministrativ teritorial i deschiderea crilorfunciare pentru terenurile respective, dreptul desupercie asupra terenurilor nscrise n carteafunciar se va dobndi att ntre pri, ct i fade teri numai prin nscrierea dreptului n carteafunciar n baza contractului prin care s-a constituitdreptul de supercie.

n ciuda similitudinilor dintre dreptul de superciei dreptul de proprietate, nu exist restricii impusestrinilor cu privire la dobndirea unui drept desupercie asupra terenurilor n Romnia.

1.1.2.1 Dreptul de supercie vs. dreptulde folosin (locaiune)Orice drept de supercie include dreptul de afolosi suprafaa de teren ocupat de construciaamplasat pe teren. Dac proprietarul unui terenacord unui ter dreptul de folosin n baza unuicontract de locaiune ori n baza altei convenii,terului nu i va permis, din punct de vederelegal, s construiasc pe acel teren. Cu alte cuvinte,autoritile competente nu vor emite autorizaia de

construire n baza unui drept de folosin obinut nbaza unui contract de locaiune.

1.1.2 Supercies right

A supercies right consists of: (i) the right to haveor to erect a building on, under or above the landowned by another person; (ii) the ownership rightto the building; and (iii) the right to use the land

pertaining to the building (drept de folosin). Thesupercies right allows for delimitation betweenthe ownership to the land and the ownership to thebuilding erected on, under or above the land ownedby another person.

The Civil Code limits the duration of a supercies rightto a maximum of 99 years, with a prolongation option.

A supercies right may be established by way ofagreement executed in notarised form for validity

purposes. Nevertheless, after completion ofcadastral works for each administrative-territorialunit and opening of Land Registers for the relevantlands, the supercies right to lands registered withthe Land Register shall be transferred betweenthe parties, as well as towards third parties, onlyupon registration of the supercies right with theLand Register on the basis of the agreement on theestablishment of the supercies right.

Despite all legal similarities between the superciesright and the ownership right, foreigners are in noway restricted from directly holding superciesrights to lands in Romania.

1.1.2.1 Supercies right vs. right of use(lease)Any supercies right includes a right of use over theplot of land on which the building has been erected.If the owner of a land grants to a third party only theright of use through a letting/lease or other kind ofagreement, the third party will not be allowed from alegal point of view to build any permanent structureon that land. A third party whose right of use to theland is based only on a letting/lease agreement will

not be granted permits to build on that land.

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1.1.3 Uzufructul

Potrivit dreptului romnesc, uzufructul const ndreptul cuiva de a se folosi de i a culege fructelebunului ce aparine altei persoane, att timp ct prinacestea nu se aduce atingere substanei bunului.

Uzufructul este un drept real asupra proprietiialtuia, limitat ca durat. Dreptul de uzufructconstituit n favoarea unei persoane zice poate cel mult viager iar cel constituit n favoarea uneipersoane juridice poate avea o durat de cel mult 30de ani.

Titularul unui uzufruct, cunoscut i sub denumirea deuzufructuar, are dreptul de a folosi i de a se bucurade bun i de a obine prot din fructele bunului.

Uzufructul poate constituit prin conveniencheiat pentru validitate, n form autentic. Cutoate acestea, dup nalizarea lucrrilor cadastralepentru ecare unitate administrativ teritoriali deschiderea crilor funciare pentru terenurilerespective, dreptul de uzufruct asupra terenurilor

nscrise n cartea funciar se va dobndi att ntrepri, ct i fa de teri numai prin nscriereadreptului de uzufruct n cartea funciar n bazacontractului prin care s-a constituit.

Drepturile de uzufruct constituite nainte de 1octombrie 2011 se sting prin neuz timp de 30 deani iar drepturile de uzufruct constituite dup 1octombrie 2011, odat cu intrarea n vigoare a nouluiCod Civil, se sting prin neuz timp de 10 ani.

1.1.4 Drepturile convenionale ilegale de uz i de servitute

Dreptul de uz este similar celui de uzufruct, astfelcum este descris la pct. 1.1.3. de mai sus. Titularuldreptului de uz are dreptul de a folosi i de a sebucura de bunul afectat, precum i dreptul de a

culege fructele bunului ns doar n limitele necesarelui i familiei sale.

Dreptul de servitute faciliteaz beneciarului dreptulde acces pe proprietatea altei persoane, pentruasigurarea utilitii unui teren nvecinat, ce aparineunui alt proprietar.

Pentru accesul la capacitatea energetic, n timpuli dup nalizarea lucrrilor de construcie oripentru traseul reelelor electrice care traverseazproprietatea terilor, dezvoltatorul trebuie s dein

drept de servitute pe terenurile afectate de cile deacces sau de reelele electrice.

1.1.3 Usufruct right

Pursuant to Romanian law, the usufruct is thelegal right to use and derive prot or benet fromproperty that belongs to another person, as longas the substance of the property is preserved. The

usufruct is a real right of limited duration on theproperty of another. The usufruct established infavour of a natural person may have a maximumduration equal with the lifetime of the usufructuarywhile the usufruct established in favour of a legalperson may have a duration of maximum 30 years.

The holder of a usufruct right, also known as theusufructuary, has the right to use and enjoy theproperty, as well as the right to receive prots fromthe fruits of the property.

A usufruct right may be established by an agreementexecuted in notarised form for validity purposes.Nevertheless, after completion of cadastral worksfor each administrative-territorial unit and openingof land registers for the relevant lands, the usufructright to lands registered with the Land Register shallbe transferred between the parties, as well as towardsthird parties, only upon registration of the usufructright with the Land Register on the basis of theagreement on the establishment of the usufruct right.

The usufruct rights established before 1 October2011 expire after 30 years of non-use while theusufruct rights established after 1 October 2011,when the new Civil Code entered into force, expireafter 10 years of non-use.

1.1.4 Conventional and statutoryright of usage and easements

The right of usage is quite similar to the usufructright as described under point 1.1.3 above. Theholder of the right of usage has the right to use andenjoy the affected property, as well as the right to

receive prots from the fruits of the property withinthe limits required for himself and his family.

The easement right enables the beneciary to haveaccess to the property held by another person, aimedto ensure the utility of a neighbouring land held inownership by a different person.

For access to the energy plant during and afterthe nalisation of the construction works or forthe route of the electric cables that cross thirdparties properties, the investor must hold rights of

easement to the lands crossed by the access ways orby the cables.

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The establishment of passage easements is valid only ifthe beneciary rst obtains an urbanism certicate (fordetails please see point 1.3.6 below). The easement rightsestablished prior to 1 October 2011 expire after 30 yearsof non-use while the easement rights established after1 October 2011, when the new Civil Code entered into

force, expire after 10 years of non-use.

Depending on the stage of development of the renewableenergy plant, the rights of usage or the easements may beestablished (i) by executing a private notarised agreementor (ii) by virtue of law. Nevertheless, after completion ofcadastral works for each administrative-territorial unitand opening of Land Registers for the relevant lands, theconventional right of usage and easement rights to landsregistered with the Land Register shall be transferredbetween the parties, as well as towards third parties, onlyupon registration of the rights with the Land Register on

the basis of the agreements on the establishment of theright of usage or easement right.

Constituirea servituilor de trecere este valabil doardac beneciarul obine n acest scop un certicat deurbanism (pentru detalii a se vedea pct. 1.3.6 de mai

jos). Drepturile de servitute constituite nainte de 1octombrie 2011 se sting prin neuz timp de 30 de ani,

n timp ce drepturile de servitute constituite dup 1

octombrie 2011 se sting prin neuz timp de 10 ani.

n funcie de stadiul de dezvoltare a centralei electrice,drepturile de uz i de servitute pot constituite (i) prin

ncheierea unui contract n form autentic sau (ii) nbaza legii. Cu toate acestea, dup nalizarea lucrrilorcadastrale pentru ecare unitate administrativ teritorial i deschiderea crilor funciare pentruterenurile respective, drepturile convenionale de uzi de servitute asupra terenurilor nscrise n carteafunciar se vor dobndi att ntre pri, ct i fa deteri numai prin nscrierea dreptului de uz, respectiv

a dreptului de servitute n cartea funciar n bazacontractelor prin care s-au constituit aceste drepturi.

n funcie de stadiul de dezvoltare a capacitiienergetice, se va face distincie ntre perioada detimp cuprins pn la obinerea autorizaiei de

ninare i perioada de timp ulterioar obineriiautorizaiei de ninare. nainte de obinereaautorizaiei de ninare, dezvoltatorul poatebenecia de drepturile de uz i servitute doar nbaza unui contract n form autentic ncheiat cuproprietarul terenului afectat. Dezvoltatorul poatebenecia prin lege de drepturile reale menionatedoar dup obinerea autorizaiei de ninare.

Menionm c, n funcie de regimul juridic alterenurilor ce vor afectate de traseul reelelorelectrice, respectiv de cile de acces, nainte deobinerea autorizaiei de ninare trebuie urmriteanumite proceduri speciale de securizare a terenurilorafectate de reelele electrice i a terenurilor pe care seasigur accesul la aceste reele.

Drepturile de uz i de servitute acordate n bazalegii sunt prevzute n Legea energiei elec trice i a

gazelor naturale nr. 123/20122(Legea Energiei),ce acord dezvoltatorului drepturi de uz iservitute asupra terenurilor aflate n vecintateacapacitilor energetice.

2. Legea energiei electrice i a gazelor naturale nr. 123/2012,publicat n Monitorul Ocial, Partea I, nr. 485, din data de 16 iulie2012 i intrat n vigoare la 19 iulie 2012.

Depending on the stage of development of theenergy plant, distinction should be made betweenthe period prior to obtaining the setting-upauthorisation and the period after obtainingthe setting-up authorisation. Prior to obtainingthe setting-up authorisation, the developer maybenet from the right of usage or easements onlyby executing private notarised agreements. Thedeveloper may benet by virtue of law from thementioned rights only after obtaining the setting-up authorisation.

Depending on the legal status of lands to beaffected by the route of the electric cables andthe access routes, before obtaining the settingup authorization, certain specic procedures forsecuring said affected lands should be observed.

The rights of usage and the easements granted byvirtue of law are regulated by Law no. 123/2012

on energy and natural gas2(the Energy Law),which grants the developer certain rights of usageor easements over plots of land surrounding theenergy plant.

2. Law no. 123/2012 on energy and natural gas, published in theRomanian Ofcial Gazette no. 485 of 16 July 2012 and entered intoforce on 19 July 2012.

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Dreptul de uz acordat n baza Legii Energiei seexercit pe durata necesar executrii de lucrri

n vederea realizrii, relocrii, desinrii sauretehnologizrii capacitii energetice, ct i pentruintervenii n caz de avarie. Drepturile de servitutelegal pot de trecere subteran, de suprafa sau

aerian pentru instalarea, respectiv desinareareelelor electrice sau altor echipamente aferentecentralei electrice, precum i pentru acces la locul deamplasare al acestora.

Drepturile de uz i servitute asupra proprietilorstatului i ale unitilor administrativ-teritorialeafectate de centrale electrice se acord cu titlugratuit pe toat durata existenei acestora, n timpce pentru exercitarea drepturilor de uz i servituteasupra terenurilor aate n proprietate privat, LegeaEnergiei prevede reguli speciale, detaliate la pct.

1.1.4.1. de mai jos.

1.1.4.1. Exercitarea drepturilor de uzi servitute asupra terenurilor aate nproprietatea privat a terilor, astfel cumeste reglementat n Legea Energiei i nHotrrea de Guvern nr. 135/ 2011

n vederea stabilirii termenilor i condiiilor n caredezvoltatorul poate exercita drepturile legale deuz i servitute, proprietarii terenurilor afectatede aceste drepturi pot solicita dezvoltatorului s

ncheie convenia-cadru, astfel cum este aprobatn anexa la Hotrrea de Guvern nr. 135/20113(HG135). Durata conveniei va acoperi de principiu, attperioada necesar construirii centralei electrice, cti perioada ulterioar de ntreinere i funcionare acentralei electrice.

n toate cazurile n care se vor ncheia astfel deconvenii, cuantumul maxim al indemnizaiei la caresunt ndreptii proprietarii n schimbul afectriiterenurilor se va stabili prin negociere de ctre pri, celmult la nivelul chiriei minime pe m2 stabilite de ctreadministraia public local n a crei raz teritorialse a terenul, pentru folosina unui teren din aceeai

categorie i se calculeaz numai pentru suprafaa deteren ce urmeaz a efectiv afectat de exercitareadrepturilor de uz i servitute. n situaia n care la niveluladministraiei publice locale n a crei raz teritorial sea terenul nu exist stabilit un nivel al chiriei minimepe m2, cuantumul indemnizaiei va determinat dectre un evaluator autorizat n condiiile legii, alesde comun acord de ctre pri, al crui onorariu va suportat de ctre dezvoltator.

3. Hotrrea de Guvern nr. 135/2011 pentru aprobarea regulilorprocedurale privind condiiile i termenii referi tori la durata,coninutul i limitele de exercitare a drepturilor de uz i servituteasupra proprietilor private afectate de capacitile energetice,a conveniei-cadru, precum i a regulilor procedurale pentrudeterminarea cuantumului indemnizaiilor i a despgubirilor i amodului de plat a acestora, publicat n Monitorul Ocial, Partea I ,nr. 236 din data de 05 aprilie 2011.

The right of usage granted on the basis of theEnergy Law may be exercised during the periodrequired for the erection, relocation, dismantlingor modernization of the energy capacity, as well asfor interventions in case of damage. The statutoryeasements may be underground, terrestrial or

aerial passage easements required for installingand removing electric cables and other equipmentsbelonging to the energy plant, as well as for access totheir location.

Such rights affecting land owned by the State andlocal authorities are granted free-of-charge duringthe entire lifespan of the energy plant, while thoseaffecting third owners properties follow specicrules stipulated by Energy Law, as detailed underpoint 1.1.4.1 below.

1.1.4.1 Exercise of rights of usage andeasements over third owners properties,as provided under the Energy Law andGovernmental Decision no. 135/2011

In order to set the terms and conditions under whichthe developer may exercise the statutory rightsof usage and easements, the owners of affectedlands may request the developer to execute theframework agreement as approved in the annex toGovernmental Decision No. 135/20113(GD 135).The duration of the agreement will cover, in principle,the necessary period required to erect the energyplant, as well as the necessary period required for themaintenance and operation of the energy plant.

In all cases where agreements will be executed, themaximum amount of compensation to be paid to theowners is to be established by the parties, but nothigher than the level of minimum rent establishedby the local scal authority per sqm of land havingthe same category, and shall be calculated only forthe surface of land directly affected by the rights

of usage and easement rights. Where no minimumrent is established by the local scal authority, theamount of compensation is to be determined by anauthorised expert chosen by the parties and paid bythe developer.

3. Government Decision no. 135/2011 for the approval of theprocedural rules on conditions and terms of duration, contentand limits of usage and easement rights over private propertiesaffected by energy capacities, the framework agreement, as wellas for determining the amount of compensations and indemnitiesand the payment method thereof, published in the RomanianOfcial Gazette no. 236 of 5 April 2011.

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Besides the compensation, the owners of landsaffected will be indemnied for any damages causedby the energy plant, damages to be determined withconsideration to a series of criteria (e.g. the surfaceof land affected by the works agreed upon underthe agreement; the types of crops and plantation

existing on the affected land at the execution date ofthe agreement; the value of production affected bythe works performed by the developer; etc.).

The owners of the lands affected by the rights ofusage and easement rights, that have ongoingagreements establishing such real rights upon theentry into force of Energy Law, shall also benet fromsaid indemnities and compensation.

In case of an ongoing agreement between the parties,pursuant to GD 135 and the Energy Law, the ownersof the affected lands have the option to request for anew contract observing the form and content of theagreement approved by GD 135 to be concluded withthe developer. According to Article 12 (8) of the EnergyLaw, the developer is bound to execute the agreementno later than 30 days after the request addressedby the owners of affected lands. However, neitherGD 135 nor the Energy Law provide (i) a sanction incase the developers do not reply to the land ownersrequest or do not agree on the amendment of thealready in-force agreement, respectively (ii) if a legaldeadline is to be met by the land owners in order torequest the conclusion of the agreement.

Pe lng indemnizaie, proprietarii terenurilorafectate de exercitarea drepturilor de uz i servitutevor despgubii pentru prejudiciile cauzate derealizarea centralei electrice, prejudicii ce vor evaluate avndu-se n vedere anumite criterii (e.g.suprafaa de teren afectat de lucrrile prevzute

n convenie; tipurile de culturi i plantaii existentela data ncheierii conveniei pe terenul afectat;valoarea produciei afectate de lucrrile efectuate dedezvoltator; etc.).

Vor benecia de indemnizaii, respectiv dedespgubiri i proprietarii terenurilor afectate deexercitarea drepturilor de uz i de servitute carela data intrrii n vigoare a Legii Energiei aveau

n derulare convenii privind exercitarea acestordrepturi reale ncheiate n condiiile legii.

n cazul existenei unui contract deja ncheiat ntrepri, conform HG 135 i Legii Energiei, proprietariiterenurilor afectate au posibilitatea de a solicita

ncheierea unui nou contract, care s aib formai coninutul conveniei anexate HG 135. Conformart. 12 alin. 8 din Legea Energiei, dezvoltatorii suntobligai s procedeze la ncheierea conveniei-cadru

n termen de maximum 30 de zile de la solicitareaproprietarilor. Cu toate acestea, att HG 135 ct iLegea Energiei nu prevd (i) o sanciune n cazul ncare dezvoltatorii nu rspund cererii proprietarilorde terenuri, sau nu sunt de acord cu modicrilecontractului care este deja n vigoare, respectiv (ii) untermen legal n cadrul cruia proprietarii de terenuripot solicita ncheierea contractului.

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1.2 Sistemul de carte funciar n Romnia

1.2 Romanian land register system

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