Presentation enbe

Dean l 0320195 l Ms. Iffa l FNBE Aug 2014 l Taylor’s University

1

ENBE l Final Project l Part A - Report l A Better Future Town Representation l

TRIFLAKEA Better Future Town

Teo Kuo Chien I 0320195Foundation in Natural & Build EnvironmentAugust 2014


2


Content1. Introduction

2. City VS. Town

3. Investigation & Collecting Data

4. The New ‘X’ Town : TRIFLAKE

5. Conclusion


3


1.IntroductionThe idea of this project is to understand the component and elements of a city and what makes a better future city. According to few of the past Ancient city like Babylon, Greek and Roman. There are some good point in the past cities but also bad ones. So this ‘x’ town should be much more better compare to the past with all the guildlines and histories of planning or building a great city.


4


2.City VS. TownCity is a large and permanent human settlement. There is no fixed or standard of a city therefore all city have its own specialities , function, history background and many more.

Introduction for city


5


Cities and towns are differentiated primarily by an area’s demography and its geography. In simple terms, cities are larger dwelling places than towns.

Cities cover a wider area than towns and as cities advance, they may sometimes incorporate or merge with surrounding areas. Towns on the other hand do not generally expand into other areas in the same way as cities.

Cities are more densely populated than towns. Towns, as mentioned earlier, are smaller than cities but bigger than villages. Unlike towns, most cities are the seat of most of a region’s administrative functions, that is to say, most of the important administrative offices are situated in the cities.

The governance of cities is handled by corporate bodies whereas municipal bodies rule the towns. Generally a mayor is the head of a city corporation, while a chairman is the head of a municipality. The centre of power mainly rests in the cities and not in the towns.

Unlike the towns, cities are generally well planned and have proper sanitation, drinking water, roads and other modern amenities.

The first towns were those where people no longer did farming but were engaged in other occupations and trade. As towns expanded, this led to the formation of cities.

City VS. TownDifferences


6


Though the classification of an area as a town or city is related to it’s population; different countries have different methods of making this classification. In the US, a ‘city’ is just a legal term that means an urban area with autonomous power. In other countries, the word may not have such a legal basis and is generally just used to refer to a large settlement.

Summary

1. Cities are larger than towns and more densely populated.2. As cities advance, they may sometimes merge with, or incorporate surrounding areas. Towns on the other hand, tend not to do this.3. The centre of power mainly rests in the cities and not in the towns. Most of the important administrative offices are situated in the cities.4. Corporate bodies rule the cities; municipalities, the towns. A mayor is the head of a city corporation, while a chairman is the head of a municipality.5. In the US, ‘city’ is a legal term that means an urban area with autonomous power. In other countries, the word does not have a legal basis but refers to a large settlement.

City VS. TownDifferences


7


3. Investigation and Collecting Data

The ancient metropolis of Babylon is one of the most famous cities of the ancient world and today can be found near the town of Al-Hillah in modern-day Iraq.

Founded almost five thousand years ago, the city on the Euphrates has seen empires rise and fall and has been the centre of the highest forms of culture and the most brutal wars and devastation.

It is likely that Babylon was founded in the third millennium BC and rose to prominence over the next thousand years. By the 18th century BC the city was the centre of the empire of Hammurabi. However, the changing political and military nature of the region saw Babylon fought over countless times over the following centuries, with one empire or dynasty after another securing Babylon as their home.

A resurgence of an independent Babylonian empire briefly flourished towards the end of the 7th century BC under king Nebuchadnezzar II – famous for building great wonders within the city, including the renowned Hanging Gardens of Babylon – yet even this dynasty failed to last, with Babylon falling to Cyrus the Great, king of the Persian Empire.

In 331 BC Alexander the Great captured Babylon, and it was here he died in 323 BC. After the fall of Alexander’s fledgling empire, Babylon was fought over by his surviving generals and was slowly abandoned over the following centuries.

The ruins of Babylon have suffered greatly due to looting and destructive policies, leaving little behind that captures the glory of the once-great city. Saddam Hussein also built a ‘new’ version of ancient Babylon over the site.

Ancient City Babylon - Introduction


8


Ancient City Babylon – History Background

The empire of Hammurabi: 18th century BC

Babylon is just one among many small kingdoms in Mesopotamia when Hammurabi becomes its ruler in about 1728 BC. He defeats his rivals in the region, and establishes a society based on the rule of law (famous also for the skill of its astronomers and mathematicians). By the end of his reign the whole of Mesopotamia is under central control for the first time since the empire of Sargon, 500 years earlier.

The society over which Hammurabi presides is vividly reflected in the famous code of laws, the Code of Hammurabi, which towards the end of his life the king orders to be inscribed on a stele, or upright stone pillar - the only way, at the time, of publishing them. Troublesome neighbours to the north: 16th - 7th c. BC

Babylon is destroyed in about 1531 BC by invaders from the northwest, the Hittites (local dates are controversial at this time - see Chronology of the Near East ). But Babylon re-establishes itself a century later under the rule of intruders from the northeast. These are the Kassites, who have been gradually moving into Mesopotamia from the mountainous regions of Iran. They maintain a stable society for three centuries - from the 15th to the 12th.

Meanwhile a region to the north of Babylon has been growing in power. Its centre is Ashur, the capital city from which the Assyrians take their name. In the 7th century BC the Assyrians, under Sennacherib, overwhelm the Babylonians.


9


The revival of Babylon: from 625 BC

Sennacherib appals many in Mesopotamia by his brutal destruction, in 689, of the ancient city of Babylon. This act leads to prolonged unrest, occasional periods of outright rebellion and, eventually, to devastating revenge.

In 625 Nabopolassar, a Chaldean, establishes a new dynasty in Babylon (it is variously described by historians as Chaldean or Neo-Babylonian). Nabopolassar attacks Assyria, allying himself with the Medes - eastern neighbours of Assyria, and technically one of their vassal states. In 612 Nineveh is captured and destroyed after a three-month siege. This brings to an abrupt end the story of Assyria. It will be absorbed, eventually, in the Persian empire. The dynasty of Nebuchadnezzar: 7th - 6th century BC

The Medes are content with the regions to the north and east, so this final Babylonian dynasty becomes the controlling power of the whole of Mesopotamia. Nabopolassar is succeeded by his son Nebuchadnezzar in 605.

Nebuchadnezzar, in a reign of more than forty years, gives Babylon its period of greatest fame. He is prominent in the Bible as the ruler who destroys Jerusalem and carries off the Jews into their Babylonian captivity. And he features in the list of the Seven Wonders of the World, as the creator of the hanging gardens of Babylon. The successors of Nebuchadnezzar on the throne of Babylon are less effective. They have the misfortune to be close neighbours of the greatest empire-builder to have emerged by this stage in history.



10


Cyrus the Great rules in Persia from 550. He spends his early years campaigning northwest, deep into Turkey. Not until 540 does he turn his attention to Babylon; in October 539 his general enters the city unopposed. Many in Babylon (including the Jews in captivity) welcome the Persians as liberators, and Cyrus ensures that local religious customs are observed. But mighty Mesopotamia is now a Persian province. The end of Babylon: 3rd century BC

Babylon's final claim to fame is an accidental one. Alexander the Great dies here, in 323 BC, after a banquet.

The city's end directly relates to the Greek conquest of this region. In 312 BC Seleucus founds a new Mesopotamian capital city, Seleucia, further to the north and on the Tigris rather than the Euphrates. Much of the building material is brought from Babylon, which becomes a forgotten city until excavated in the 20th century. But at all times there has been an important city in this region where the two great rivers come closest together. Seleucia is followed, in it turn, by Ctesiphon on the opposite bank of the Tigris. And from the early days of Islam this has been the site, a few miles further up the Tigris, of Baghdad.



11


Some 90 kilometres to the south of modern Bagdhad lie the ruins of ancient Babylon, the original name of which, "bab-ili", may be translated as "the Gate of the Gods". For the world at large Babylon ranks as one of the most famous cities of antiquity, renowned alike for its refinement, beauty and magnificence. As a centre of culture and government it flourished for about fifteen centuries, from the arrival of the Amorites ca. 1850 B.C. down to Alexander the Great, who died there in 322 B.C. One of the best known of the city's early rulers was the great law-giver, Hammurabi (1792-1750 B.C.).

In classical times the city walls of Babylon were spoken of with admiration and astonishment, while her "Hanging Gardens" were accounted one of the Seven Wonders of the World.

During the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II (605-563 B.C.) Babylon was extensively re-built on an altogether magnificent scale, the city becoming at this period both the most beautiful and the most prosperous of the ancient world. Bisected from north to south by the river Euphrates, the city was surrounded by a moat and by two massive walls, the outer being about 16 kilometres in length, the inner about 8 kilometres. Within the inner city wall were brick- and bitumen-paved Thoroughfares and imposing buildings, of which numerous traces and ruins may still be seen by the visitor today. In particular there is part of Babylon's great Procession Street which passes through the Ishtar Gate and on towards the site of the city's huge staged temple tower or "Ziggurat". On one side of the Procession Street are the ruins of the South Palace (300 x 190 metres) amongst which are to be found those of the famous "Hanging Gardens" mentioned above. To the north of the South Palace are the ruins of the Principal Gate, the broken walls of which consist of baked bricks laid with gypsum mortar. Also within the circuit of the inner wall and surrounded by residential buildings are the temples of Marduk, Ishtar, Gula and Ninurta.

Ancient City Babylon – Urban Planning


12


Ancient City Babylon – Urban PlanningFor the past two thousand years the ancient buildings of Babylon have been extensively quarried for their excellent baked bricks. Thus, what survives today is generally only the lower courses of the walls or simply their foundations. Moreover, what survives is threatened by salt and the high local water table. Action is urgentls required to rescue these ruins.

Fotunately there already exist plans and reconstructed drawings on many of Babylon's principal buildings, even some of which little now remains but their foundations. These plans and drawings were made by German archaeologists who dedicated some seventeen years to the excavation of Babylon before the First World War.

As the product of fifteen centuries of human toil and endeavour Babylon belongs to all people and to all nations. Visitors from all over the world are anxious that something should be done to further the restorations and reconstruction of babylon's principal buildings, so that the city's former grandeur may be better appreciated. It is appropriate, we feel, that all countries should assist in this work, not only in recognition of Babylons' great place in history, but also in recognition of her great cultural importance for everyone.


13


Present cityChicago - IntroductionChicago, the seat of Illinois's Cook County and the third largest city in the country, is the focus of a consolidated metropolitan statistical area that covers the primary metropolitan statistical areas of Gary, Indiana; Kankakee, Illinois; and Kenosha, Wisconsin. "Brawling" was the word Carl Sandburg applied to Chicago in his poem about the city. No longer the "Hog Butcher for the World," at the dawn of the twenty-first century, Chicago is still an enthusiastically combative city with a lively political life. A railroad hub in the latter half of the nineteenth century, when its population had already reached 300,000 people, Chicago became a major force in the nation's development. Today, it is a national transportation, industrial, telecommunications, and financial leader as well as a city of great architectural significance, ethnic diversity, and cultural wealth. The only inland urban area to rank with major East and West Coast metropolises, Chicago has achieved international status through the quality of its cultural institutions and its position as a world financial center.


14


Present cityChicago - history

Louis Jolliet, a Canadian explorer and the French-born Jesuit Jacques Marquette were the first Europeans to discover the Chicago area in 1673 1673 - First Europeans discover Chicago area1781 - First permanent settlement by Jean Baptiste Point du Sable1832 - Chief Black Hawk defeated1837 - Chicago is incorporated as a city 1871 - The Great Fire1885 - The first skyscraper1893 - World Columbian Exposition1909 - The Chicago plan1943 - Chicago's first subway opened1973 - Sears Tower completed2009 - Failed bid to host the Olympicswith the help of local Indians.

The first permanent settlement was founded in 1781 by Jean Baptiste Point du Sable, an African American from Santo Domingo. The location at the mouth of the Chicago river was chosen for its strategic value for a trading post as the river connected the Lake with the Mississippi river. Later the area at the mouth of the Chicago river was occupied by a military base, Fort Dearborn. The Fort was regularly atacked by Native Americans, until Chief Black Hawk was defeated in 1832. One year later, Chicago was officially incorporated as a town and four years later, when the population reached 4170, as a city. Its name was derived from the native indian's word describing the area.


15


With the arrival of the railroads, the city of Chicago really started to boom reaching a population of 300,000 in 1870. One year later, disaster struck with the Great Chicago Fire laying the city in ashes. The fire destroyed about 17450 buildings, but the Chicagoans quickl1893 Expoy started to rebuild the city. Just 6 weeks after the fire, construction of more than 300 buildings had already begun. And in 1893 Chicago had recovered well enough to host the 1893 World Columbian Exposition, commemorating the discovery by Columbus of America 400 years ago.Chicago planThe foundations of todays Chicago were laid out by some of the leading architects reconstructing the city after the Great Fire.Daniel Burnham designed the first visionary urban plan for a city, the 1909 Chicago plan. It was nicknamed 'Paris on the Prairie' and included wide boulevards and parks.At the end of the 19th century the land prices had risen dramatically, which lead to the construction of higher buildings. In 1885, William Le Baron Jenney built what is known as the first skyscraper in the world : the Home Insurance Building. Demolished in 1931, it was 55 meters tall and included 9 stories, later extended to 11. It was built with a load-carrying structural frame, which would be the basic structure for all later skyscrapers. This building marks the start of Chicago as a pioneering architectural city. Many famous architects like Louis Sullivan and later Mies van der Rohe would set new standards for urban architecture in Chicago.

Present cityChicago - history


16


Adding Green To Urban Design" presents a rationale, a vision and a detailed implementation strategy for economically sound and environmentally sustainable urban design.

Urban design includes all exterior elements from the skin of the building to the street, including roofs, facades, yards, landscapes, open spaces, parkways, driveways, sidewalks, alleys and roadways. It is defined as those elements that are exposed to the environment and that affect the environment.

The plan is intended to provide direction to the Chicago City Council in regulating urban design and to the Chicago Plan Commission in reviewing individual development projects. It is also expected to guide the Chicago City Council and city departments in making decisions about public investment and improving Chicago’s built environment.

The plan began with eight city departments and public agencies meeting to review existing ordinances and practices that affect urban design. The discussion broadened between September 2006 and March 2007 to identify critical issues, suggest solutions and lay the groundwork for the plan. More than 50 professionals from outside City government contributed a combined 230 hours of pro bono time to the process.

Present cityChicago – Urban planning


17


Present cityChicago – CultureThe culture of Chicago, Illinois, is known for the invention or perfection of various art forms of performing arts, such as improvisational comedy, the Prairie Style of architecture, House music, Chicago blues, jazz, and soul.

The city continues to cultivate a strong classical music, popular music, dance and performing arts tradition, rooted in Western civilization, as well as other traditions carried forward by its American, African, Asian, European, and Hispanic citizens. Chicago is known for a robust and vigorous tradition of surrealist, funky figurative paintings and art, such as the famous Chicago Imagist group.

The city is additionally known for various popular culinary dishes, notably the deep-dish pizza, the Chicago-style hot dog and the Chicago-style Italian beef sandwich.


18


Future cityAbout Climate change is on top of the agenda of actual scientific, political and public discussions. Heat island effects in summer or wetter winter with increased flash flooding are only a few phenomena which have great impacts on the urban living conditions. We have to face these challenges. Our urban city regions must react on the effects of climate change.The Future Cities - project aims at making city regions in Northwest Europe fit to cope with the predicted climate change impacts.The Future Cities - project is funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).


19


Future cityIdea and Strategy

City structures and the urban living environment are especially vulnerable to the consequences of dryer as well as wetter weather conditions such as temperature rise ("heat island effect") or wetter winters (increased flash-flooding). At the same time well functioning city regions are one of the most important pre-requisites for sustainable economic development. A mere reaction on the impacts of climate change will lead to a cost escalation for adaptive measures. Viable and cost-effective adaptation measures are only scarcely at hand.Therefore, anticipatory strategies are needed for adapting the urban structures in a way that the impacts of a changing climate will not endanger the urban living environment. The Future Cities-Partnership develops concepts and implementation strategies which:are innovative - not yet implemented on the practical levelsave from greater financial loss - by operating proactivelyprovide for synergy effects and cost-effectiveness - by applying combined measures.The partners cooperate to develop, apply and improve assessment criteria for climate proof cities. Adequate action plans will be developed in each city region and priority measures will be implemented in small-scale investments. Focus is laid on existing urban structures. Broad dissemination of the results is ensured by distinctly targeting disseminators e.g. architects, housing companies, project developers.

For selected strategic urban key components - "green structures", "water systems" and "energy efficiency" - effects and impacts will be combined for surplus effects. The single effects will be enhanced and economic efficiency is improved, e.g. by using green structures and the water system for cooling instead of energy consumpting air-conditioning.


20


How to build a better city or townIntroduction Cities are increasingly the hubs of innovation, action and effective leadership. And when it comes to smart cities, Europe serves as a model to the rest of the world. Its dense and dynamic urban areas have extensive public transit networks and emphasize sustainability and low-carbon solutions, aided by the explosion of data on public health, water and energy. Some forward-looking cities in particular--London chief among them--are magnets for investment and startup capital. Where do such investments fit into the larger scheme of EU policy objectives? How can cities, which are expected to gain more than 2 billion people in the next 30 years, develop a global strategy that's locally beneficial? What new ideas and proven strategies can ensure healthy, livable and workable cities? In this panel, key stakeholders will discuss urban models, public-private partnerships and the real estate market. They'll explore the importance of investments in cities and how local governments can spur economic development.


21


How to build a better city or town knowledge, build networks, and promote dialogue on the challenges of inclusive urbanization. People Building Better Cities (PBBC) was shown in Bangkok, Sydney, Johannesburg, Nairobi, Beijing, Shanghai, Mumbai, Delhi and Chennai in 2013, and at the UN World Urban Forum in Medellin and at UIA Durban in 2014. While the exhibition focuses on developing countries, it speaks to urban issues in developed countries such as inequality, public participation in city making, and climate change.

Building on the work of Global Studio, an international educational program initiated in 2005, the exhibition documents community-driven projects that share a common goal in India, South Africa, Bangladesh, Asia and the USA - the promotion of inclusive urbanization to improve the lives of the urban poor through participatory design and planning. PBBC presents an innovative approach to the education of urban professionals, and suggests a model for urban practice.

People Building Better Cities is a collaboration between Global Studio and the Center for Sustainable Urban Development.


22


Dean l 0320195 l Ms. Iffa l FNBE Aug 2014 l Taylor’s University 23


4.The Future ‘X’ Town :

TRIFLAKEIntroduction of Triflake :Triflake is a future town that float on air by using the concept of electromagnetic repelling field. It is basically three level in Triflake which is a main floor on top, lower ground floor below and the electromagnetic level under lower ground floor.

Aim :To create a better place for human and the environment also.

Triflake will bring goods as :-Save space for the earth to preserve nature-Bring human into a better living system-save cost, energy, and no more natural resources use

The name TRIFLAKE came from the inspiration of a snowflake and a air battle ship with few level inside.

Population:80000 - 100000Land area:20 – 30 km²


24


The inspiration of this idea from me

Snowflake Air battle ship


25


Side view of TRIFLAKE

View from

Main Floor

Lower Ground

Basement

Triflake is an air floating town functioned by electromagnetic repelling force with three layers which is the main floor filled up with all buildings and human activities, lower ground floor filled with airport and factories and basement which all the magnet that make the town float.


26


Main floor Master Plan

MASTER PLAN of TRIFLAKEThere are basically seven area on main floor of Triflake. All human activity happen in the floor.


27


Lower ground Master Plan Lower ground

floor is divided into five area and mostly are factory.


28


Basement Master Plan These are the main

pillars to support the whole town from the magnetic level.


29


View from ground of basement These are all the

magnetic pillars that repel the town from ground.


30


ZONINGZoning of Main floor -North Point

-South Point-First West -Second West-First East-Second East-Central Point .1-Central Point .2-Central Point .3-Central Point .4-Central Point .5-Central Point .6-Central Point


31


Zoning of North Point Government

Area1.Government Building2.Rooftop garden 3.Rooftop man-made pond4.Security centre5.Health centre6.Public transport station7.Water fountain8.Garden9.Underground parking lot10.Underground control station12.Public rail way13.Religion praying area

Inside :


32


Zoning of South Point Recreational

AreaInside :1.Theme park2.Rooftop water park3.Rooftop garden4.Garden5.Security centre6.Health centre7.Public transport station8.Public rail way9.Underground parking lot10.Underground control station11.Religion praying area


33


Zoning of First West Residential

AreaInside :1.Condominium 2.Swimming pool3.Rooftop garden4.Garden5.Security centre6.Health centre7.Public transport station8.Public rail way9.Underground parking lot10.Underground control station11.Religion praying area


34


Zoning of Second West Residential



35


Zoning of First East Residential



36


Zoning of Second East Residential



37


Zoning of Central Point 1 Business Area

Inside :1.Entertaining facilities 2.Rooftop Swimming pool3.Rooftop garden4.Garden5.Working office6.Public transport station7.Public rail way8.Underground parking lot9.Underground control station10.Religion praying area


38


Zoning of Central Point 2 Main Health

AreaInside :1.Main health centre 2.Garden3.Public transport station4.Public rail way5.Underground parking lot6.Underground control station7.Religion praying area


39


Zoning of Central Point 3 Sports Area

Inside :1.Main sports centre 2.Garden3.Public transport station4.Public rail way5.Underground parking lot6.Underground control station7.Religion praying area


40


Zoning of Central Point 4 Entertainment

AreaInside :1.Multipurpose hall 2.Main Garden3.man-made Lake4.Public transport station5.Public rail way6.Underground parking lot7.Underground control station8.Religion praying area


41


Zoning of Central Point 5 Education

AreaInside :1.Education buildings 2.Garden3.man-made Lake4.Public transport station5.Public rail way6.Underground parking lot7.Underground control station8.Religion praying area


42


Zoning of Central Point 6 Main security

AreaInside :1.Main security centre2.Garden3.Public transport station4.Public rail way5.Underground parking lot6.Underground control station7.Religion praying area


43


Zoning of Central Point Central Point

Inside :1.Main public transport centre2.Working office3.Public rail way4.Underground parking lot5.Underground control station6.Religion praying area


44


Zoning of Lower Ground

-Lower Ground Area 1






45


Zoning of Lower Ground Area 1 Main Connection

Area

Inside :1.Main Lift connected to main floor2.Main electricity control centre3.Working office4.Underground control station5.Main transportation area of electricity, food and water to main floor

This area is the main connection between main floor and lower ground. It is divided into three basic level which is working office, main electricity controlling and underground controlling centre which do transportation of food, water and electricity to the main floor. There is also a path way for waste from main floor to transport them down to the waste converter area. Used water are also flow from this area to the water purification centre.


46


Zoning of Lower Ground Area 2 Food Production

AreaInside :This area produce all the food for the town as for example animal’s meat, vegetables, fruits and many others. It is also a food approval central to ensure the food to be use by people are save and healthy. There are more than ten thousand worker work in this food production factory to produce enough amount of food for the town. Food are more cheap also cause of the town produce food itself instead of purchasing from other places. Once the food is ready, it will be send to the main food transport systems n bring up to main floor and distribute to all restaurant and malls to be serve.


47


Zoning of Lower Ground Area 3 Water Supply Area

Inside :This area supplies water to the whole town in the same way it also purify used water so reuse again. During the purifying process, it oso produce damping concept systems to create electrical energy for the town. After water are purified, it is send back to the main floor again using powerful water pumping system. All the water flow in circulation so water are saved.


48


Zoning of Lower Ground Area 4 Waste Converter

AreaInside :This is the waste converter centre and its job is to convert all waste into electrical enery also to bring the town alive. All waste are separated into its own group and bring to their own ways to be convert into electrical enery so everything is saved and minimum of pollution will be created.


49


Zoning of Lower Ground Area 5 Air Transport Area

Inside :All human from ground can only enter the town from here. It is a public air transport system tat bring human up and down from the town with low fare because everything is generated by electricity. Concept of air shuttle


50


Green AreaGreen area covered more than 70% of the main floor. It is use to cool down the whole town temperature and make the town feel more fresh at all time as green area provide oxygen tat human needed too.


51


Green AreaGreen area covered more than 50% of the lower ground floor. It is use to cool down the whole lower ground floor’s temperature also and make the make the factories work longer the the low temperature.


52


Water AreaThe water only covered a small area in the town because water is heavy as a load of the town but all the water area are well separated so mostly water can be found in all area.


53


Railways and Public ways All Transport systems are using the same trail because the town is not too big in area and all trail are made to be six lanes. Two for light train, two for public transport and last two for bicycle. As in the plan beside, Grey color are the main trail and blue trail are underground. Those stated in red are all stop station for public transport.


54


Example and concept of future transportation


55



56


Few relation concept of TRIFLAKE


57



58



59


5.ConclusionAs a result, a future town should be more friendly to environment compare to the past to preserve the origin of earth.


60


Referenceshttp://www.civicfed.org/civic-federation/brief-introduction-city-chicago

http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/plaintexthistories.asp?historyid=aa10

http://www.instructorweb.com/lesson/babylon.asp

http://www.culture-iraq.com/pages/babylon.html

http://www.city-data.com/us-cities/The-Midwest/Chicago-Introduction.html

http://www.future-cities.eu/project/idea-strategy/

http://www.cityofchicago.org/city/en/depts/dcd/supp_info/green_urban_design.html

http://www.aviewoncities.com/chicago/chicagohistory.htm

http://msd.unimelb.edu.au/people-building-better-cities

http://www.milkeninstitute.org/events/conferences/summit/london-2014/panel-detail/5161

http://www.civicfed.org/civic-federation/brief-introduction-city-chicago

http://www.civicfed.org/civic-federation/brief-introduction-city-chicago




















Documents

Presentation enbe