(HYDROGEN SULFIDE)(HYDROGEN SULFIDE)H2SH2S

SAFETY TRAININGSAFETY TRAINING

INSTRUCTOR: INSTRUCTOR: Rolando S. Rolando S. Bulatao Jr.Bulatao Jr.

H2S SAFETY TRAININGH2S SAFETY TRAINING

What is Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)?What is Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)? Where do you find H2S?Where do you find H2S? Properties of H2SProperties of H2S Detection of H2SDetection of H2S Protection against H2S hazardsProtection against H2S hazards How does H2S affect individuals?How does H2S affect individuals? Emergency Response and Rescue ProceduresEmergency Response and Rescue Procedures Safety MeasuresSafety Measures Proper donning, doffing, and storage of SCBAProper donning, doffing, and storage of SCBA

H2S SAFETY TRAININGH2S SAFETY TRAINING

What is Hydrogen Sulfide (HWhat is Hydrogen Sulfide (H22S)?S)? A A colorless (transparent)colorless (transparent) gas that is heavier than gas that is heavier than

air and tends to accumulate in low-lying areasair and tends to accumulate in low-lying areas Consists of Consists of 2 Hydrogen2 Hydrogen atoms and atoms and 1 Sulphur1 Sulphur

atomatom Has an Has an offensive odor similar to rotten eggsoffensive odor similar to rotten eggs at at

low concentration, at higher concentrations it low concentration, at higher concentrations it rapidly deadens the sense of smellrapidly deadens the sense of smell

A A poisonous gaspoisonous gas that can paralyze the breathing that can paralyze the breathing system and can kill in minutessystem and can kill in minutes

Highly Highly toxic toxic and very and very corrosivecorrosive to certain metals to certain metals and elastomersand elastomers

Belongs to the inorganic Belongs to the inorganic SulfideSulfide family family

Other names referred to H2S:Other names referred to H2S:

H2SH2S

Stink DampStink Damp

Rotten-Egg GasRotten-Egg Gas

Sulphurated HydrogenSulphurated Hydrogen

Hydrosulphuric AcidHydrosulphuric Acid

Sour Crude / Sour GasSour Crude / Sour Gas

Swamp GasSwamp Gas Sewer GasSewer Gas

Dihydrogen SulfideDihydrogen Sulfide

Hepatic GasHepatic Gas

ZwavelwaterstoffZwavelwaterstoff

Hydrogen SulfideHydrogen Sulfide

H2S SAFETY TRAININGH2S SAFETY TRAINING

Where do you find H2S?Where do you find H2S?

Natural Sources:Natural Sources:H2S is produced in nature by the decomposition of organic H2S is produced in nature by the decomposition of organic materials by bacteriamaterials by bacteria

It may also develop in low Oxygen or low-lying areas and can It may also develop in low Oxygen or low-lying areas and can be found with natural gas, petroleum and volcanic gases as be found with natural gas, petroleum and volcanic gases as well as unstabilized crude oil and gas streamswell as unstabilized crude oil and gas streams

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Industrial Sources:Industrial Sources:H2S is either a product or by-product of waste materials.H2S is either a product or by-product of waste materials.

It can be found in familiar industries such as natural gas It can be found in familiar industries such as natural gas processing plants, petroleum refineries, leather tanning, processing plants, petroleum refineries, leather tanning, pulp mills, iron and steel mills, oil and gas wells, sewage pulp mills, iron and steel mills, oil and gas wells, sewage treatment, commercial laboratories, etc.treatment, commercial laboratories, etc.

H2S SAFETY TRAININGH2S SAFETY TRAINING

Properties of H2SProperties of H2S

Colorless or Colorless or transparenttransparent

HeavierHeavier than air than air ( Vapor Density = 1.1895 ) ( Vapor Density = 1.1895 ) and accumulates in low-and accumulates in low-

lying areaslying areas

FlammableFlammable

in concentrations between 4.3% in concentrations between 4.3% and 46.0% and auto ignites at and 46.0% and auto ignites at

500°F (260°C)500°F (260°C)

CorrosiveCorrosive to to certain metals and certain metals and

elastomerselastomers

SolubleSoluble in water and in water and dissolves in drilling fluidsdissolves in drilling fluids

H2H2SS

Generates Generates 680 680 BTU/HRBTU/HR during during

burningburning

Highly ToxicHighly Toxic and hazardous to healthand hazardous to health

ReadilyReadily dispersed by dispersed by windwind movement or air movement or air

currentscurrents

Burning HBurning H22S produces another toxic gas called SOS produces another toxic gas called SO22 (Sulphur Dioxide)(Sulphur Dioxide)

Sulphur Dioxide (SOSulphur Dioxide (SO22)) is a is a colorless or transparent gascolorless or transparent gas and and is non-flammable. It is also heavier than air with a specific is non-flammable. It is also heavier than air with a specific

gravity of 2.264@0°C.gravity of 2.264@0°C.

SOSO22 is extremely irritating to the eyes and mucous is extremely irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract. It has exceptionally membranes of the upper respiratory tract. It has exceptionally

good warning properties in this regard than Hgood warning properties in this regard than H22S.S.

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ConcentrationConcentration Physiological Effects Physiological Effects0.005 - 0.13ppm0.005 - 0.13ppm Minimal perceptible odourMinimal perceptible odour

5ppm5ppm Easily detectable, moderate odour TWAEasily detectable, moderate odour TWA

10ppm10ppm Beginning eye irritationBeginning eye irritation

27ppm27ppm Strong unpleasant odour, but not intolerableStrong unpleasant odour, but not intolerable

100ppm100ppm Coughing, eye irritation, loss of sense of smell Coughing, eye irritation, loss of sense of smell after 2-5mins (IDLH)after 2-5mins (IDLH)

200 – 300ppm200 – 300ppm Marked conjunctivitis and respiratory tract Marked conjunctivitis and respiratory tract irritation after 1hr of exposureirritation after 1hr of exposure

500 – 700ppm500 – 700ppm Loss of consciousness and possible death in 30 Loss of consciousness and possible death in 30 minutesminutes

700 – 1000ppm700 – 1000ppm Rapid unconsciousness, cessation of respiration Rapid unconsciousness, cessation of respiration and deathand death

1000 – 2000ppm1000 – 2000ppm Unconsciousness at once, with early cessation of Unconsciousness at once, with early cessation of respiration and death in a few minutes. respiration and death in a few minutes.

H2S SAFETY TRAININGH2S SAFETY TRAINING

Detection of H2SDetection of H2SThere are many ways to be alerted by the presence of H2S:There are many ways to be alerted by the presence of H2S: Sense of smell (nose)Sense of smell (nose) Lead Acetate, Ampoules or Coated StripsLead Acetate, Ampoules or Coated Strips Colorimetric Tubes (NIOSH certified)Colorimetric Tubes (NIOSH certified) Electronic Portable or Fixed MonitorsElectronic Portable or Fixed Monitors Wet Chemistry (Tutweiler method)Wet Chemistry (Tutweiler method) Gas ChromatographyGas Chromatography

WARNING!!!WARNING!!!You cannot rely on your sense of smell to You cannot rely on your sense of smell to

tell how much H2S is present….tell how much H2S is present….

H2S SAFETY TRAININGH2S SAFETY TRAINING

Most alarms will consist of an Most alarms will consist of an amberamber strobe light, a strobe light, a blue blue strobe light, a strobe light, a redred strobe light, and a dual tone audible strobe light, and a dual tone audible alarm.alarm.

Types of Alarm:Types of Alarm:Low Level Alarm:Low Level Alarm: 10ppm10ppm

High Level Alarm:High Level Alarm: 15ppm and above15ppm and above

Note: Alarm set points can be adjusted to conform to local regulations Note: Alarm set points can be adjusted to conform to local regulations or company requirements. Generally, the alarm points are set at 10ppm, or company requirements. Generally, the alarm points are set at 10ppm, 15ppm/20ppm. In some areas, they are set at 5ppm and 10ppm. It is 15ppm/20ppm. In some areas, they are set at 5ppm and 10ppm. It is critical to know what is required at your location. critical to know what is required at your location.

ALARMSALARMS

Hydrogen Sulfide Condition Levels:Hydrogen Sulfide Condition Levels:Δ Condition Green “POSSIBLE DANGER”Condition Green “POSSIBLE DANGER”

H2S concentration is H2S concentration is less than 10ppmless than 10ppm. Drilling . Drilling and and production operations are under control. There are production operations are under control. There are NO NO alarms.alarms.

Δ Condition Yellow “MODERATE DANGER”Condition Yellow “MODERATE DANGER”H2S concentration is H2S concentration is 10ppm - 15ppm10ppm - 15ppm at some at some

point point on location and the well or production stream is on location and the well or production stream is under under control. Amber flashing light is activated.control. Amber flashing light is activated.

Δ Condition Red “EXTREME DANGER”Condition Red “EXTREME DANGER”H2S concentration is H2S concentration is > 15ppm> 15ppm at any point on the at any point on the location or loss of well control occurs. Amber location or loss of well control occurs. Amber

flashing flashing light and audible alarms are activated.light and audible alarms are activated.

H2S SAFETY TRAININGH2S SAFETY TRAINING

Two Common Types of Breathing ApparatusTwo Common Types of Breathing Apparatus(Respiratory Protection)(Respiratory Protection)

Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)

This type of apparatus provides air from a cylinder worn on This type of apparatus provides air from a cylinder worn on the back. A commonly used cylinder will supply air for 30 the back. A commonly used cylinder will supply air for 30 minutes while the wearer is engaged in heavy physical work. minutes while the wearer is engaged in heavy physical work. Other cylinders are available for longer or shorter usage. Other cylinders are available for longer or shorter usage. Duration of air supply is dependent on the type of work Duration of air supply is dependent on the type of work performed and the individual’s physical condition.performed and the individual’s physical condition.

Supplied Air Breathing Apparatus Supplied Air Breathing Apparatus This is a variation of the self-contained breathing apparatus This is a variation of the self-contained breathing apparatus where the back-mounted tank is replaced by a large cylinder where the back-mounted tank is replaced by a large cylinder connected by a hose line to the pigtail on the BA set. While connected by a hose line to the pigtail on the BA set. While the supplied air apparatus is lighter to wear, it restricts the the supplied air apparatus is lighter to wear, it restricts the user’s movements to the length of the hose. The hose also user’s movements to the length of the hose. The hose also forces the user to return by the same route taken when forces the user to return by the same route taken when entering the area. An escape bottle must be worn with this entering the area. An escape bottle must be worn with this type of apparatus.type of apparatus.

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Special Problems in Respirator Use:Special Problems in Respirator Use: Facial HairFacial Hair Contact LensesContact Lenses Corrective SpectaclesCorrective Spectacles Psychological DisturbancesPsychological Disturbances Miscellaneous Sealing ProblemsMiscellaneous Sealing Problems

““Not everyone can wear a respirator”Not everyone can wear a respirator”Prior to being allowed to use a breathing air equipment, the Prior to being allowed to use a breathing air equipment, the

worker must have medical clearance and have been worker must have medical clearance and have been properly trained to wear respiratory protection.properly trained to wear respiratory protection.

H2S SAFETY TRAININGH2S SAFETY TRAINING

How does H2S affect Individuals?How does H2S affect Individuals?Factors that determine the effect of H2S on individuals:Factors that determine the effect of H2S on individuals: DurationDuration

The length of time the individual is exposedThe length of time the individual is exposed

FrequencyFrequencyHow often the individual has been exposedHow often the individual has been exposed

IntensityIntensityHow much concentration the individual was exposed toHow much concentration the individual was exposed to

Individual SusceptibilityIndividual SusceptibilityThe individual’s physiological make-upThe individual’s physiological make-up

Target organs subject to the effects of H2S:Target organs subject to the effects of H2S:Olfactory NervesOlfactory Nerves

LungsLungs

EyesEyes

BrainBrain

Respiratory Control CenterRespiratory Control Center

Entry into the Body:Entry into the Body:IngestionIngestion

InjectionInjection

Skin AbsorptionSkin Absorption

InhalationInhalationH2S SAFETY TRAININGH2S SAFETY TRAINING

H2S SAFETY TRAININGH2S SAFETY TRAINING

Emergency Response and Rescue ProceduresEmergency Response and Rescue ProceduresThese are the basic steps to take if you are in the immediate area of spill or leak.These are the basic steps to take if you are in the immediate area of spill or leak. DO NOT PANIC!DO NOT PANIC! Hold your breathHold your breath Move upwind or crosswind and away from the gasMove upwind or crosswind and away from the gas Put on appropriate breathing apparatusPut on appropriate breathing apparatus Assist anyone in distressAssist anyone in distress Move quickly to the upwind Move quickly to the upwind “Safe Briefing or Assembly Area”“Safe Briefing or Assembly Area” to receive to receive

instructions.instructions.

Always follow company policies and procedures for escape and rescue. Before Always follow company policies and procedures for escape and rescue. Before attempting to rescue anyone else, always:attempting to rescue anyone else, always: Protect yourself first.Protect yourself first. Don’t become another victim. Don’t become another victim. Put on rescue breathing apparatus (30 mins. SCBA) before attempting a Put on rescue breathing apparatus (30 mins. SCBA) before attempting a

rescue.rescue. Use the Use the “Buddy System”.“Buddy System”. Do not attempt to rescue anyone alone. Do not attempt to rescue anyone alone.

H2S SAFETY TRAININGH2S SAFETY TRAINING

““EVERYONE EVERYONE SHOULD SHOULD KNOWKNOW WHAT HIS OR WHAT HIS OR

HER RESPONSIBILITY IS, HER RESPONSIBILITY IS, IN THE EVENT OF AN IN THE EVENT OF AN

H2S EMERGENCYH2S EMERGENCY SITUATION.”SITUATION.”

H2S SAFETY TRAININGH2S SAFETY TRAINING

No jobNo job is so important is so important and and No serviceNo service is so is so

urgent – that we cannot urgent – that we cannot take time to perform our take time to perform our

work work SAFELYSAFELY….….

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SAFETY FIRSTSAFETY FIRST

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