Upload
lyminh
View
220
Download
2
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Presentations from the Final Reporting Workshop
Caribbean Coastal Pollution Project (CCPP)
Assessment, Monitoring &Management of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) & Persistent Toxic Substances (PTS) in the Coastal Ecosystems of the Wider Caribbean Region
Montego Bay, Jamaica, 2‐3rd December 2009
Day 1: Wednesday, 2nd December Research and analytical work on POPs at the University of the West Indies Tara Dasgupta, University of the West Indies, Jamaica Session 2: Update on project and monitoring programme
Update on overall project progress Hanneke Van Lavieren, UNU‐INWEH, Canada Short overview on status of 2009 white grunt sampling Belize, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, St. Lucia, Trinidad & Tobago Preliminary monitoring results Ken Drouillard, University of Windsor, Canada Biomarkers in the white grunt (Haemulon plumieri) and levels of organic pollutants in sediments from the
Mesoamerican Barrier Reef Gerardo Gold, CINVESTAV, México Monitoring database Chris Metcalfe, Trent University, Canada & Hanneke Van Lavieren Baseline monitoring problems encountered Hanneke Van Lavieren Session 3: Update on laboratory capacity assessments Laboratory upgrades, instructional training video, training in Canada Chris Metcalfe Implementing the baseline POPs monitoring program & interlaboratory assessment Ken Drouillard Experiences and difficulties with extractions, analyses, database etc. Raymond Reid, University of the West Indies, Jamaica
1
12/17/2009
UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP
Research and Analytical Work on POPs at
the University of the West Indies
Presented byProfessor Tara Dasgupta
Head, Pesticide Research Laboratory.
UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP
Some Basic Information on UWI
Established 1948 as a College of the University of London.
Gained full University status in 1962
Nestled at the foot of the Blue Mountain Range, the picturesque Mona Campus is spread over some 653 acres. The Campus is rich in historical remains, the dominant feature being the century-old aqueduct that served the former sugar estate.
UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP
Total enrolment: Approximately 11,000
Vice Chancellor: Prof. E. Nigel Harris
Principal: Prof. Gordon Shirley
Deputy Principal: Mr. Joseph Pereira
Campus Registrar: Dr. Camille Bell-Hutchinson
UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP
The Science Faculty, Faculty of Pure & Applied Sciences, is among the largest in the University with teaching in Biochemistry, Botany, Chemistry, Computer Science, Geography, Mathematics, Metereology, Physics and Zoology.
It has about 2000 full time students, 200 postgraduate students.
Faculty offers Deploma, M.Sc., M.Phil., & Ph.D.
UWI MONA UWI MONA
2
12/17/2009
UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP
PESTICIDE RESEARCH LABORATORY (PRL)and
Work on POPs.
E t bli h d i 1995 ith th h l f h t fEstablished in 1995 with the help of research grant of US$250,000 from IADB Research carried out on degradation of pesticides including POPs in the ecosystem Characterization of metabolitesNew pesticide especially from natural products
UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP
OBJECTIVES of PRL:
To train young science graduates for the demanding market
To help governmental and non-governmentalTo help governmental and non governmental organizations in monitoring the extent of pesticide pollution in our ecosystem
To help agricultural sector in monitoring the pesticide residue in imported and locally grown agricultural products
UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP
Outcomes:5 Ph.D and 4 M.Phil
Currently 2 Ph.D and 4 M.Phil students are working for their degrees
Working closely with PCA on monitoring pesticide residues in agricultural products and pesticide registration
Offer training courses to private and public sector organizations for handling, application, formulation and analysis of pesticides.
UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP
Current Projects:Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Caribbean Coastal region (UNU/INWEH)
Pesticides in local and imported Fruits and Vegetables (PCA)
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) load in Jamaica and Disposal (NEPA/MOE/GEF)
POPs in air, blood and breast milk (GEF)
Developing a National GHS Implementation Strategy (UNITAR)
UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP
CURRENT STATUS ON INSTRUMENTATIONSThree Gas Chromatograph with mass spectrometric detector (including JRC facilities)
Post derivative analysis by FLD detector
Gas Chromatograph with Head Space A l /ECD/FID/NPDTwo High Performance
Liquid Chromatographs with mass spectrometric detectors (tandem)
Purge & Trap accessory for volatile organic pollutants
Analyzer/ECD/FID/NPD
Gas Chromatograph with ECD (UNU-INWEH Project)
UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP
4
12/17/2009
UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP
UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP
Future Projects on POPs:
Extent of Air Pollution by Dioxin and Furan Derivatives.
Analyses of breast milk and blood for residual PCBs and Dioxin.
Catalytic Dechlorination of PCBs.
UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP
Thank YouThank You.
5
12/17/2009
Caribbean Coastal Pollution Project Caribbean Coastal Pollution Project (CCPP) (CCPP)
Project Update
Hanneke Van LavierenHanneke Van Lavieren
Build network among coastal managers and analytical labs in 8 countries to monitor pollution by POPs
Baseline data on POPs in coastal ecosystems by initiation of monitoring programinitiation of monitoring program
Improve capacity for laboratory analysis of POPs pollution
Undertake research on PTS pollution at selected sites
Educate about, and reduce incidence of POPs pollution
Phase 1: Planning 2007
Phase 2: 2008 – 2009Phase 2: 2008 2009
Phase 3: 2010 – 2015
Initiation and Coordination
Baseline Monitoring
Capacity enhancement
Research
Outreach
Planning, Regional Initiation and Interim Reporting Workshops held (Canada 2007, Trinidad 2008, and Mexico 2009)
Network established of individuals from 18 partner agencies, NGOs, laboratories, Universities and Ministries in 8 countries plus CanadaMinistries in 8 countries plus Canada
Partners Workshop with potential donors and regional partners held (Mexico Jan 2009) for discussing and developing follow up phase (beyond 2009)
10 participating labs evaluated in 2008 by team of 3 experts - Two regional lead labs identified (CINVESTAV in Mexico & UWI in Jamaica)
Inter lab comparison exercise conducted (2009) with Inter-lab comparison exercise conducted (2009) with CINVESTAV, UWI, Univ Windsor and Trent Univ labs (using IAEA Certified Reference Materials – Tuna Homogaenate and standards) – Results complete (presented later)
Training workshop on POPs extraction and analysis methods for biological tissues for lab personnel held 19-20 Jan 2009 in Mexico
6
12/17/2009
3 lab staff from lead laboratories in Jamaica & Mexico visited labs in Canada at the Univ of Windsor and Trent Univ for 2 weeks during March 2009 to increase capacity in aspects of quality control, quality assurance and extraction and clean up techniques
Lab Equipment upgrades (Agilent GC –ECD) for 2 lead labs (already installed and functional at UWI –delay at CINVESTAV)
On site visit and training at UWI lab in Jamaica by Ken Drouillard in June 2009 (also visit UWI Barbados)
In Aug. 2009: 15 min - video on POPs extraction methods for fish tissues developed for labs in region
Prepared by IWS at Trent University
Spanish and English versions -Microsoft Media Player
Both aimed at identifying pollutants and tracing sources of contamination:
1. Passive Sampler Monitoring for Contaminants in the Caribbean Coastal Zone of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico – commenced December 2008Peninsula, Mexico commenced December 2008
2. Quantitative Biomonitoring of POPs in Oysters in Caribbean Coastal Zones – commenced February 2009, in Mexico, Jamaica, Trinidad
UNU INWEH attended Caribbean EcoHealth Programme meeting in Dominica in May 2009
Discussed expanding sampling for white Discussed expanding sampling for white grunt to some CARICOM islands
Add Barbados as site for Oyster biomonitoring
Target fish: White Grunt (Haemulon plumieri)
Alternative Species: Other Grunt Species (first priority)
Other grunt /benthic feeding species of appropriate target size range.
Size Range: 120 – 250 g and 19 – 26 cm total length
Capture Technique: Any appropriate method: hand line, angling, scuba/spear fishing, pot traps, fish traps, etc.
Number of fish: 3 per site
Sample dissection: 2 - 5 g of dorsal muscle (skin off) from a collected fish
Sample storage: Stored frozen and individually wrapped in a ziplock bag until shipment
7
12/17/2009
First sampling round:
69 sample sites identified (16 more than planned originally)61 sites sampled
Sampling undertaken in 2008 and in some countries in 2009 at 6-15 sites per country
Dorsal muscle dissected in each country and sent frozen to regional labs (Jamaica and Mexico)
Sample extraction and analysis done at 2 regional labs (and for some contaminants at Windsor and Trent labs)
Standard Reference Material purchased (Lake Michigan fish) & sent to Reg. labs - for analyzing for every 12 sample batch to ensure quality checks of methods
CountrySamples Collected
Samples Sent to Regional Lab?
Data sheets submitted
SamplingReport
Samples Analyzed
Belize yes yes yes yes Yes
Dom rep yes yes yes yes No
G t l t t N
First Sampling Round
Guatemala some not yet no yes No
Honduras yes yes yes yes No
Jamaica yes yes yes yes Yes
Mexico yes yes yes yes No
St Lucia yes yes yes yes Yes
Trinidad yes Yes yes yes Yes
Nearly all data collection sheets sent to UNU INWEH
Relational database developed and metadata entered
Analytical data for first sampling round entered for 4 countries into excel sheets and imported into databasecountries into excel sheets and imported into database
Data checked by Trent and Windsor Universities for errors
Delay other 4 countries: new GC -ECD machine not yet delivered to Lab in Mexico (and no samples from Guatemala)
Country Contract Status Samples Collected
Belize Contract in place
Dominican Republic
Draft contract sent
Guatemala Contract in place
Honduras Contract being processed
Jamaica Contract being processed
Mexico NA
St. Lucia Draft contract sent
Trinidad Contract being processed
2 posters at Ross University Research Day: Public Health in Developing Countries: Challenges and Solutions 22 May 2009
Stakeholder consultation workshop in Tulum Mexico- presented Passive sampler data
Progress report, Website
8
12/17/2009
Delays in delivery new GC ECD – sample analysis 2008 sampling round still to be completed by CINVESTAV
Additional contaminants- emerging concern to be analyzed at Trent lab in some samples
Lab –inter- comparison exercise- redo this when CINVESTAV has new GC ECD?
Complete second sampling round - 2009 – send to regional labs for storage (no funding for analysis)
Synthesize monitoring data - prepare report
Share database amongst partners (only for viewing)
Based on consultations at Partners meeting in Jan 2009 (and other comments from donors/partners) - prepared a proposal for phase 3 (2010-2015)
During July - August 2009 - sent to country partners as well as suggested other important stakeholders in each country (Ministries, GEF focal points etc.) for comments and to attain informal interest and approval
GraciasGracias / Thank you/ Thank you
www.inweh.unu.eduwww.inweh.unu.edu
9
12/17/2009
Isaias MajilFisheries Department
Sampling SitesBacalar Chico Marine ReserveCaye Caulker Marine ReserveEnglish Caye South Water Caye Marine ReservePort Honduras Marine ReserveSapodilla Cayes Marine Reserve
UpdateAll sites sampling occurred on the November 2‐6 2009 – 6 white grunts from each siteStored in freezer at the Belize City OfficeNo problems encountered on this samplingR d t b t t l b t f l iReady to be sent to laboratory for analysis
Bacalar Chico and Caye Caulker
ENGLISH CAYE SOUTH WATER CAYE
10
12/17/2009
PORT HONDURAS SAPODILLA CAYES
SamplingSamples were obtained using speargunsUsed the service of a local fisherman whilst informing the objectives of the projectU d h h d l li d b UNUUsed the methodology outlined by UNUSpecies is common to abundant in the chosen sampling areas
Way ForwardNovember teams were formed with a discussion as to the methodologyFreezer was bought in January 2009 ($500 US)S l b b i d i d f iSamples can be obtained in one day from sitesSample s will be available upon request
11
12/17/2009
Final Reporting Workshop
Caribbean Coastal Pollution Project (CCPP)
Assessment Monitoring &Management of Persistent
Instituto de FísicaFacultad de Ciencias
Universidad Autónoma de Santo DomingoRepública Dominicana
Ramón DelanoyCesar A. PerezSubsecretaría de Gestión Ambiental
Secretaría de Estado Medio Ambiente yRecursos Naturales
República Dominicana
Assessment, Monitoring &Management of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) & Persistent Toxic
Substances (PTS) in the Coastal Ecosystems of the Wider Caribbean Region
2, 3rd December 2009, Montego Bay, Jamaica
Lugares de Muestreo
Azua a
La Salina a
H i aHaina a
Boca Chica a
San Pedro de Macoris a
La Romana a
Azua Las Salinas
Haina-Santo Domingo Boca Chica
12
12/17/2009
San Pedro de Macoris La Romana
Muestreo del Ronco Blanco(Bocayate Blanco)
Tallas y Pesos
DificultadesEs difícil planificar con mucho tiempo de anterioridad lacolecta de los peces. Debido a esto, el muestreo debeconfiárselo a los pescadores ya que estos siempre están encondiciones de salir a pescarlo siempre que se presentenlas condiciones favorables.
El clima en la zona tropical varia de un momento a otro,presentándose tormentas, marejadas y lluvias torrenciales.
Los apoyos logísticos son limitados en nuestrasinstituciones, por lo que planificar es difícil.
Quienes asumimos la responsabilidad del muestreo,tenemos otras responsabilidades que son las que nospermiten subsistir.
13
12/17/2009
Conservación de las Muestras
1.- El tiempo de refrigeración fue bastante, implico mantener la muestra en un refrigerador y con olor a pescado por mucho tiempo. Refrigerador que es utilizado con otros fines por no disponer de otro.
2.- La cantidad de muestras dispuso de casi todo el espacio en el refrigerador.
3.- La garantía de energía eléctrica para el refrigerador podría ser comprometida, por ser en tiempo de vacaciones. Muchas personas que trabajan en nuestras instituciones desconocen de la importancia de conservar las muestras debidamente.
Preparación y Envío de las Muestras
1.- El procedimiento para la obtención de la porción de muestra para analizar de los pescados (nuestro caso) debió ser con anterioridad, Como se ha hecho para la segunda fase.
2 F ilid d l í ti i tit i l l í d2,- Facilidad logística e institucional para el envío de muestras en frío.
YxÄ|é atä|wtw ç
ixÇàâÜÉáÉ T©É aâxäÉ
Muchas Gracias
14
12/17/2009
Proyecto de Contaminación Costera, Guatemala.
Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y FarmaciaFacultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia
Bessie Oliva
Avances el proyecto
• Ubicación de sitios de muestreo
Avances del proyecto
• Muestreo de reconocimiento, Diciembre 2008.
Colecta de peces, Diciembre 2008
Avances del proyecto
• Identificación
Avances del proyectoMuestreo Enero 2009Quehueche – 7 Altares
15
12/17/2009
Avances del proyectoMuestreo Enero 2009
Faro Rojo
Avances del proyectoMuestreo Enero 2009
Livingston
Colecta de peces Octubre 2009Posibles fuentes de contaminantes
orgánicos persistentes• Motaguilla: Cercano a afluente de rio Motagua (Plantaciones de banano,
piña y otros)
• Punta de Manabique:
• Cabo Tres Puntas:
• Canal (Faro Rojo)
• 7 Altares
• King Fish
Estatus y planes
• Se cuentan con peces de 6 sitios de muestreoque corresponden al primer muestreo. Secolectó un total de 50 peces de diferentestamañostamaños.
• La segunda colecta de peces se espera realizardurante enero de 2010.
Problemas y obstáculos
• Mal tiempo
• Lluvia
• Marea alta
• Robo de equipo en estación de muestreo
16
12/17/2009
Cambio de sitios de muestreo
• Inicialmente se propusieron sitios ubicados en donde ya no existe coral
• Se buscaron otros sitios en donde queda coral aunque en muy poca cantidadaunque en muy poca cantidad
• Arte de pesca: anzuelo (Se ha mantenido )
Gracias por su atención
17
12/17/2009
Update on White Grunt Update on White Grunt Sampling and Monitoring Sampling and Monitoring
ProgramProgram in Hondurasin HondurasKay BoddenKay Bodden
Sampling done (11/11/2008 – 12/11/2008)
6 sites
At each site, three fish were sampled
Sampling Design Sampling Design
Fish sampled “white grunt”, Haemulon plumieri. Size Range captured: 84 – 1680 g and 18 –40 cm
resultados de monitoreo.docx
SSAMPLINGAMPLING SITESSITES
SITIO
Zona Portuaria / Omoa
Rio Lean / Tela
Rio Cangrejal / Ceiba
Barra del Ulúa / Puerto Cortes
Barra del Chamelecón / Puerto Cortes
Barra del Motagua /
3- 5 g of dorsal muscle from collected fish.Individually wrapped and stored frozen until shipment . Legal paper work to sent samples
SSAMPLEAMPLE PREPARATIONPREPARATION ANDANDPROBLEMSPROBLEMS FOUNDFOUND ALONGALONG THETHE WAYWAY
Legal paper work to sent samplesLong paper work (as it was for commerce)
ShipmentThe permission was necessaryThere´s only one company what gives the serviceand it doesn´t has cool roomThe package stayed in Guatemala more than itwas expected and reached Mexico on a weekendThe sample ruined
CONCLUSIONS ON SAMPLING
There were good amount of fish at the sampled sitesLegal paper work to move tissue across borders delayed the shipment of fish.delayed the shipment of fish.The experience gained with the first sampling and preparation of the samples made easier the second one
o Problems found for sending the samples to Mexico made us think in using a differentway
¡¡THANKS FOR YOURATTENTION
18
12/17/2009
Jamaica’s Sampling Efforts
Sharlene Williams National Environment and
Pl i A
Tony Greenaway Department of Chemistry,
Th U i it f th W t I di Planning Agency.The University of the West Indies, Mona.
Eight sampling sites.
Round 1:Contacted and meet with fishermen at each selected site.
To start we went out with the fishermen but catching the fish was difficult.
Left cool boxes, plastic bags and h f h d h instructions with fishermen and they
called when the fish were caught.
Went to collect them or, later had couriers carry them to us.
Collected from all sites except Kingston Harbour and vicinity.
Caught in traps or by speargun
Started at 4 sites using the same fishermen and sending
Round 2
coolbox and instructions and having the caught fish sent to campus by courier.
Have fish from one site to date but generally difficult to get action.
Remaining four sites will require revisiting. From A. Hayman, 2004
Thank you
19
12/17/2009
Contact person and Contract
Past –MeetingStatus
Difficulties
José Juan Dominguez Calderón -CONANP
Faltaban dos sitios por colectar Holbox y Mahahual,
Muestras almacenadas en Cancún y Chetumal
Se utilizaron arpones, líneas de
d
Dificultades para coordinar a los colectores,
Confusión al asignar el código de cada pez.
Mucha variabilidad en las fechas,
S l
2008
mano y cañas de pescar, el arpón es el mas usado.
Se colectaron otras especies.
Dificultades operativas del responsible.9 sites
Contact person and Contract
Status Difficulties
José Juan Dominguez Calderón –CONANP
Se colectaron muestras de 6 sitios:•Isla Mujeres•Cancún•Puerto Morelos•Cozumel•Tulum•Punta Allen
Faltaron 5 sitios:•Holbox•Puerto Aventuras
2° Oportunidad
1° Colectores mejoraron en identificación de especie y asignación de código del sitio.
Disminución en la Variabilidad de fechas.
DIFICULTADESMe-3-
Me-4-
Me-5-
Me-6- Me-7-
Me-10-Tulum
Puerto Aventuras
2009
•Puerto Aventuras•Mahahual•Chinchorro•Xcalak
Primeras muestras se deterioraron por fallas eléctricas.
Se utilizaron arpones, líneas de mano y cañas de pescar, el arpón es el mas usado.
DIFICULTADES
Fallo de colectores en sitios faltantes.
Fallo de responsable para hacer otra ronda de colección de muestras.
Falto una persona con tiempo disponible
11 sites
POSIBLES FUENTES DE COP Y STP
FLUJOS DE AGUA O CORRIENTES
MUESTRAS/FUENTE, FLUJO
1 .- Agriculturade Riego ytemporal decaña de azúcar.
2 .- Ingenioazucarero.
3 .- Cría decerdos y aves.
4 .- Cría deganado
5 .- Desarrollourbano con
i d
A .- Río Hondo, frontera con Belice, y con nacimiento en Guatemala
B .- Sistema cárstico, con flujos subterráneo, sin escurrimientos superficiales permanentes.
ME-3-/3, 5, B
ME-4-/5, 6, 7, B
ME-5-/3, 5, 6, B
ME-6-3, 5, 6, B
ME 7 /Me-3-
Me-4-
Me-5-
Me-6- Me-7-
Me-10-Tulum
Puerto Aventuras
2009
tratamiento deaguasresidualesinsuficiente
6 .- Desarrollocostero de altoimpacto,campos de Golfyjardinería.
7 .- Muelle decruceros
ME-7-/3, 5, 6, B
ME-10-/3, 5, 6, B
11 sites
20
12/17/2009
CARIBBEAN COASTAL POLLUTION PROJECT
Thomas Nelson
Fisheries Biologist
Department of Fisheries
Ministry of Agriculture, Lands, Forestry and Fisheries
SAINT LUCIA
Sites and Habitat Types
Site 1
Site 6
Site 5
ReefReef and seagrassSoft substrate/mud
Site 4
Site 3 Site 2
Potential Pollutant Sources
Site 1
Site 6
Site 5
Agriculture
Industries
River outlet
Site 4
Site 3 Site 2
Ships
Potential Pollutant Sources
Methodology
• Local fishers were contacted and fuel was
given as compensation
• Baited traps locally know as “Fish Pots” were
used for capture
• Pots were soaked for 3‐5 days and then
retrieved
• Samples were collected, biological data
recorded
• Samples were kept on ice until delivered to
the CEHI lab
• Samples processed and stored
Samples collected
Site No. Site Name Number of Fish
1 Castries Harbour 9
2 Vieux Fort (Near Airport) 7
3 Vieux Fort (Black Bay) 6
4 Fond D’or 9
5 Ciceron 0
6 Roseau 9
21
12/17/2009
Challenges/Issues??
• Lack of/inadequate equipment to measure environmental condition
• Inclement weather conditions hindering fish catch
• Difficulty in obtaining samples because they were not abundant, resulting in multiple sampling attempts
• Non conducive habitat/environment for fish
• Lack of personnel, supplies, equipment and storage capacity at the CEHI lab
• Constraints with the timely delivery of samples to the lab
In the Future• Agencies such as the Department of Fisheries should be
involved from the inception and at all levels of project
• Consideration should be given to allow the Department of Fisheries to do the preliminary preparation and storage
– Requires further training of Department’s staff
R i t f l b i t d– Requires procurement of necessary lab equipment and supplies
• Other parameters should be considered as indicators for POPs and PTSs since fish may not be fool proof/always available
• It would be useful to extend the sampling sites since there are other sites near potential sources of pollutants
Merci
22
Status of 2009 Haemulon plumieri(white grunt) sampling
Presented by Wendy Norville, Institute of Marine Affairs
UNU-INWEH FINAL REPORTINGWORKSHOPCaribbean Coastal Pollution Project
2-3 December 2009, Montego Bay, Jamaica
Overview
Sampling Sites
Sample Collection
Method of Capturep
General Land-Use
Challenges
Country Presentation- Trinidad & Tobago 2
Sampling Sites
Trinidad1. Chaguaramas (NW)2. Matura (E)
3. Ortoire(E)3. Ortoire(E)4. Moruga (S)
Tobago5. Charlotteville (NE)*6. Mount Irvine (SW)*
Country Presentation- Trinidad & Tobago 3
Sample Collection
Site Collection Date
Chaguaramas (Trinidad) 5th Nov
Eight samples collected per site (120-250g)
Chaguaramas (Trinidad) 5 Nov
Matura (Trinidad) 27th Oct
Ortoire (Trinidad) 27th Oct
Moruga (Trinidad) 4th Nov
Country Presentation- Trinidad & Tobago 4
1 2
6
5
Country Presentation- Trinidad & Tobago 5
3
4
Method of Capture
Moruga: “banking”
Other sites: “fish pots”
Country Presentation- Trinidad & Tobago 6
23
General Land-UseStation Land-use
Port/ harbour
Golf course
Oil & gas fields off south east
coast
Shipbuilding & repair facilities
Agricultural zone
Near river
outlet
Chaguaramas x x (x) (x)
Matura x (x)
Ortoire x x x
Moruga x (x) x
Charlotteville x (x) (x)
Mount Irvine x (x) (x)
Challenges
Shipping (2008)FedEx- transit time to Jamaica: 3-4 working days (US FDA prior notice needed )
FedEx Trinidad not used to shipping FedEx Trinidad- not used to shipping perishables (initial consent, procedure/ requirements)
Caribbean Airlines, IMA’s broker, Government Ministries- conflicting requirements
Country Presentation- Trinidad & Tobago 8
Challenges
Sampling (2009)Species not readily available at some locations
○ SW Trinidad, Tobago
R d ti i fi hi ff t Reduction in fishing effort
○ seismic surveys; boat repairs
Same locations as in 2008
○ location, time, contact, method of capture?
Country Presentation- Trinidad & Tobago 9
Status of 2009 Haemulon plumieri(white grunt) sampling
Presented by Wendy Norville, Institute of Marine Affairs
UNU-INWEH FINAL REPORTINGWORKSHOPCaribbean Coastal Pollution Project
2-3 December 2009, Montego Bay, Jamaica
24
12/17/2009
Caribbean Coastal Pollution Project (CCPP)
Completed Analyses to date
Trinidad6 samples (6 sites)
St. Lucia5 samples (5 sites)5 samples (5 sites)
Jamaica7 samples (7 sites)
Belize26 samples (5 sites)
1
10
100
Con
cent
ratio
n w
et w
eigh
t)
PCB Concentrations by Country
U.S. Most Restrictive Fish Consumption Advisory Trigger 50 ug/kg
0.01
0.1
Tota
l PC
B(u
g/kg
Jamaica St. Lucia Trinidad Belize
Concentrations◦ PCB concentrations in white grunt dorsal muscle
samples low in all countries examined thus farminimum triggers 10x, max triggers 500 x lower
◦ Partly related to low lipid content of dorsal muscle◦ Partly related to low lipid content of dorsal muscle in this species:
0.30±0.07 %
◦ Similar concentrations as determined in oyster biomonitors 0.4 – 4 ug/kg wet weight.
PC
B17
+18
PC
B31
/28
PC
B33
PC
B52
PC
B49
PC
B44
PC
B70
+76
PC
B66
+95
PC
B101
PC
B99
PC
B87
PC
B110
PC
B15
1+18
2P
CB1
49P
CB1
18P
CB1
53P
CB
105+
132
PC
B138
PC
B158
PC
B187
PC
B183
PC
B128
PC
B173
PC
B15
6+17
1P
CB1
80P
CB1
91P
CB
170+
190
PC
B201
PC
B19
5+20
8P
CB1
94P
CB2
05P
CB2
06P
CB2
09
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
PCB1
7+18
PCB3
1/28
PCB3
3PC
B52
PCB4
9PC
B44
PCB7
0+76
PCB6
6+95
PCB1
01PC
B99
PCB8
7PC
B110
PCB1
51+1
82PC
B149
PCB1
18PC
B153
PCB1
05+1
32PC
B138
PCB1
58PC
B187
PCB1
83PC
B128
PCB1
73PC
B156
+171
PCB1
80PC
B191
PCB1
70+1
90PC
B201
PCB1
95+2
08PC
B194
PCB2
05PC
B206
PCB2
09
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
% P
CB
Com
posi
tion
35
35
Jamaica St. Lucia
PC
B17
+18
PC
B31
/28
PC
B33
PC
B52
PC
B49
PC
B44
PC
B70
+76
PC
B66
+95
PC
B10
1P
CB
99P
CB
87P
CB
110
PCB1
51+1
82P
CB
149
PC
B11
8P
CB
153
PCB1
05+1
32P
CB
138
PC
B15
8P
CB
187
PC
B18
3P
CB
128
PC
B17
3PC
B156
+171
PC
B18
0P
CB
191
PCB1
70+1
90P
CB
201
PCB1
95+2
08P
CB
194
PC
B20
5P
CB
206
PC
B20
9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
% P
CB
Com
posi
tion
PC
B17
+18
PC
B31
/28
PC
B33
PC
B52
PC
B49
PC
B44
PC
B70
+76
PC
B66
+95
PC
B10
1P
CB
99P
CB
87P
CB
110
PCB1
51+1
82P
CB
149
PC
B11
8P
CB
153
PCB1
05+1
32P
CB
138
PC
B15
8P
CB
187
PC
B18
3P
CB
128
PC
B17
3PC
B156
+171
PC
B18
0P
CB
191
PCB1
70+1
90P
CB
201
PCB1
95+2
08P
CB
194
PC
B20
5P
CB
206
PC
B20
9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
X A i Titl
Trinidad Belize
PCB1
7+18
PCB3
1/28
PCB3
3PC
B52
PCB4
9PC
B44
PCB7
0+76
PCB6
6+95
PCB1
01PC
B99
PCB8
7PC
B110
PCB1
51+1
82PC
B149
PCB1
18PC
B153
PCB1
05+1
32PC
B138
PCB1
58PC
B187
PCB1
83PC
B128
PCB1
73PC
B156
+171
PCB1
80PC
B191
PCB1
70+1
90PC
B201
PCB1
95+2
08PC
B194
PCB2
05PC
B206
PCB2
09
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
% P
CB
Com
posi
tion
35
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
Con
cent
ratio
ns (u
g/kg
)
Jamaica
Jamaica & Trinidad – Oysters (O’Connor)
PC
B17
+18
PC
B31
/28
PC
B33
PC
B52
PC
B49
PC
B44
PC
B70
+76
PC
B66
+95
PC
B10
1P
CB
99P
CB
87P
CB
110
PCB1
51+1
82P
CB
149
PC
B11
8P
CB
153
PCB1
05+1
32P
CB
138
PC
B15
8P
CB
187
PC
B18
3P
CB
128
PC
B17
3PC
B156
+171
PC
B18
0P
CB
191
PCB1
70+1
90P
CB
201
PCB1
95+2
08P
CB
194
PC
B20
5P
CB
206
PC
B20
9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
% P
CB
Com
posi
tion 0
0.05
PCB1817 PCB70 PCB99 PCB15182 PCB153 PCB158 PCB128 PCB170 PCB194PCB congeners
Trinidad
25
12/17/2009
Congener Profiles◦ Jamaica, Trinidad and Belize dominated by lower
congener profilesSimilarities with profiles observed in oyster samples (O’Connor)(O Connor)
◦ St. Lucia greater abundance of higher KOW PCBs, possibly different source profile? More data required.
Aldrin
endri
n
dieldr
in
um C
hlorda
nes
sum D
DTs
sum H
CH'sHCB
mirex
sum P
CBs
0
2
4
Con
cent
ratio
n (u
g/kg
wet
wei
ght)
Aldrin
endri
n
dieldr
in
um C
hlorda
nes
sum D
DTs
sum H
CH'sHCB
mirex
sum PCBs
0
2
4
6
8
10
Con
cent
ratio
n (u
g/kg
wet
wei
gt)
Jamaica St. Lucia
su su
Aldrin
endri
n
dieldr
in
sum C
hlorda
nes
sum D
DTs
sum H
CH'sHCB
mirex
sum P
CBs
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
Con
cent
ratio
n (u
g/kg
wet
wei
ght)
Aldrin
endri
n
dieldr
in
sum C
hlorda
nes
sum D
DTs
sum H
CH'sHCB
mirex
sum P
CBs
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
Con
cent
ratio
n (u
g/kg
wet
wei
ght)
Trinidad Belize
Chemical Jamaica St. Lucia Trinidad Belize Advisory Trigger
Aldrin 0.4±0.10.7 max
0.3±0.20.9 max
0.1±0.060.4 max
0.03±0.010.1 max
300
Endrin 0.2±0.10.6 max
0.06±0.040.2 max
0.4±0.31.4 max
0.1±0.051.2 max
300
Dieldrin <0.010.02 max
0.1±0.050.3 max
0.5±0.42.1 max
2.7±1.849 max
300
∑Chlordanes+ heptachlor
0.8±0.11 2 max
3.6±2.714 3 max
2.9±1.58 7 max
0.06±0.010 1 max
300, 5620p 1.2 max 14.3 max 8.7 max 0.1 max
∑ DDTs 0.2±0.080.6 max
0.3±0.10.6 max
1.0±0.52.6 max
0.5±0.37.9 max
5000
∑ HCHs 0.8±0.21.4 max
5.8±2.212.7 max
3.2±2.011.1 max
0.03±0.010.2 max
100, 300
HCB 0.1±0.030.2 max
0.1±0.040.2 max
0.4±0.21.1 max
0.03±0.010.3 max
10*, 100
∑PCBs 1.8±0.65.1 max
2.4±1.06.4 max
2.5±0.43.9 max
0.6±0.11.7 max
50, 2000
10
wet w
eigh
t) sum DDTs Dieldrin sum PCBs
Bacala
r Chic
o
Caye C
aulke
r
South
Water
Port Hun
duras
Sapod
illa Cay
es0.01
0.1
1
Con
cent
ratio
n (u
g/kg
Belize◦ No significant spatial patterns in sum PCBs (p>0.9),
sum DDTs (p>0.3), dieldrin (p>0.6) across sites◦ Variable Dieldrin concentrations
highest at Sapodilla Cayes should be verifed by GC-MSD
Only a small portion of designated samples completed to date◦ Jamaica, St. Lucia, Trindidad, Belize◦ Still Expecting: Honduras, Guatemala, Mexico
Dominican Republic No major hot-spots identified from completed samplesAll POPs compounds in white grunt dorsal muscle low relative to fish consumption advisory triggers◦ Partly due to low trophic position and lipid conent
of chosen bioindicator species
26
12/17/2009
Some QA issues flagged◦ E.g non-replicated high dieldrin samples, consider re-
examination by GC-MSD and/or re-extractionSmall QA issues in PCB congener profiles noticed◦ E.g. Mistaken identity of 138 vs. 158◦ Stochastic values of PCB 52 in St. Lucia Samples◦ Have little effects on overall interpretation but suggestHave little effects on overall interpretation, but suggest
need for careful chromatogram reading and attention to QALow concentrations make blank interferences a problem◦ Clean lab techniques, glassware washing protocols neededSRMs (NIST Lake Michigan Fish) need to now be routinely adopted with each batch of samples
27
12/17/2009
1
Biomarkers in the white grunt (Haemulonplumieri) and levels of organic pollutants
in sediments from the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef
Gerardo Gold-BouchotMarine Geochemistry LaboratoryMarine Resources Department
Cinvestav Unidad MeridaMexico
FinaL Reporting Workshop,Montego Bay 2009
Coauthors
Leticia Alpuche-Gual (now at EPOMEX, Campeche)Victor Ceja-MorenoDolly Espínola-PantíMa. Eulalia Chan-Cocom
The Mesoamerican Barrier Reef •Second longest barrier reef in the world•Very high biodiversity•Multicultural• Three languages• Spanishp• English• Garifuna
•Was declared a marine protected area by four countries• Mexico• Belize• Guatemala• Honduras
The Mesoamerican Barrier Reef
•Threatened by:•Overpopulation
T i
To help protect your privacy, PowerPoint prevented this external picture from being automatically downloaded. To download and display this picture, click Options in the Message Bar, and then click Enable external content.
•Tourism•Fisheries•Raw sewage•Etc.
MethodsThe MBRS Sinoptic Monitoring Program includes the analysis of pollutants and biomarkers:
Indicator species: White GruntWhite Grunt (Haemulon plumieri, Lacepéde, 1801).Cholinesterase activity in muscle, brain and liverGlutathion transferasePAHs metabolites in bile.Lipid peroxidation
MethodsPollutants in fish liver
and sediments.HydrocarbonsPAHsOrganochlorinesP ti id
To help protect your privacy, PowerPoint prevented this external picture from being automatically downloaded. To download and display this picture, click Options in the Message Bar, and then click Enable external content.
PesticidesPCBsPollutants in liver will not
be presented here13 sites for fishFive fish per site41 sites for sedimentsIn triplicate
28
12/17/2009
2
FACs in bile(High Molecular Weight)
1,1 Catoche Cuevones A Colombia Xcalak S Water P Manabique0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
1,1
Pyre
nes
and
Benz
o(a)
Pyre
nes
(ug/
mL)
OH-Pyr OH-B(a)Py
México Belice Guatemala Honduras
Country
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
,
Pyre
nes
and
Benz
o(a)
Pyre
nes
(ug/
mL)
OH-Pyr OH-B(a)Py
Contoy P Morelos Niche Caulker Sapodilla Utila
Site
FACs in bile(High Molecular Weight)
1,1 Catoche Cuevones A Colombia Xcalak S Water P Manabique0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
1,1
Pyre
nes
and
Benz
o(a)
Pyre
nes
(ug/
mL)
OH-Pyr OH-B(a)Py
México Belice Guatemala Honduras
Country
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
,
Pyre
nes
and
Benz
o(a)
Pyre
nes
(ug/
mL)
OH-Pyr OH-B(a)Py
Contoy P Morelos Niche Caulker Sapodilla Utila
Site
Highest values in Guatemala
FACs in bile . . .(Low Molecular Weight)
220Catoche
ContoyCuevones
P MorelosA Colombia
NicheXcalak
CaulkerS Water
SapodillaP Manabique
Utila
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Nap
htha
lene
s an
d Ph
enan
thre
nes
(ug/
mL)
OH-Napht OH-Phen
México Belice Guatemala Honduras
Country
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Nap
htha
lene
s an
d Ph
enan
thre
nes
(ug/
mL)
OH-Napht OH-Phen
Site
FACs in bile . . .(Low Molecular Weight)
220Catoche
ContoyCuevones
P MorelosA Colombia
NicheXcalak
CaulkerS Water
SapodillaP Manabique
Utila
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Nap
htha
lene
s an
d Ph
enan
thre
nes
(ug/
mL)
OH-Napht OH-Phen
México Belice Guatemala Honduras
Country
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Nap
htha
lene
s an
d Ph
enan
thre
nes
(ug/
mL)
OH-Napht OH-Phen
Site
Highest values in Guatemala
Carboxylesterase
400 CatocheContoy
CuevonesP Morelos
A ColombiaNiche
XcalakCaulker
S WaterSapodilla
P ManabiqueUtila
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
CbE
Act
ivity
México Belice Guatemala Honduras
Country
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
CbE
Act
ivity
Site
Carboxylesterase
400 CatocheContoy
CuevonesP Morelos
A ColombiaNiche
XcalakCaulker
S WaterSapodilla
P ManabiqueUtila
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
CbE
Act
ivity
México Belice Guatemala Honduras
Country
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
CbE
Act
ivity
Site
Highest values in Belize
29
12/17/2009
3
Acetylcholinesterase
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
AChE
-C
México Belice Guatemala Honduras
Country
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
AChE
-C
CatocheContoy
CuevonesP Morelos
A ColombiaNiche
XcalakCaulker
S WaterSapodilla
P ManabiqueUtila
Site
50
Acetylcholinesterase
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
AChE
-C
México Belice Guatemala Honduras
Country
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
AChE
-C
CatocheContoy
CuevonesP Morelos
A ColombiaNiche
XcalakCaulker
S WaterSapodilla
P ManabiqueUtila
Site
50
Highest values in Belize
Glutathion s-Transferase
4,0
CatocheContoy
CuevonesP Morelos
A ColombiaNiche
XcalakCaulker
S WaterSapodilla
P ManabiqueUtila
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
GST
Act
ivity
México Belice Guatemala Honduras
Country
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
GST
Act
ivity
Site
Glutathion s-Transferase
4,0
CatocheContoy
CuevonesP Morelos
A ColombiaNiche
XcalakCaulker
S WaterSapodilla
P ManabiqueUtila
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
GST
Act
ivity
México Belice Guatemala Honduras
Country
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
GST
Act
ivity
Site
Highest values in MexicoAnd Belize
Lipid Peroxidation
CatocheC t
CuevonesPM l
A ColombiaNi h
XcalakC lk
S WaterS dill
P ManabiqueUtil
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
Lipi
d Pe
roxi
datio
n
Contoy P Morelos Niche Caulker Sapodilla Utila
Site
México Belice Guatemala Honduras
C t
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
Lipi
d Pe
roxi
datio
n
Lipid Peroxidation
CatocheC t
CuevonesPM l
A ColombiaNi h
XcalakC lk
S WaterS dill
P ManabiqueUtil
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
Lipi
d Pe
roxi
datio
n
Contoy P Morelos Niche Caulker Sapodilla Utila
Site
México Belice Guatemala Honduras
C t
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
Lipi
d Pe
roxi
datio
n Highest values in Belize
30
12/17/2009
4
Sediments PAHs
Beliz
e R
Cre
ek R
Key
Cau
lker
Bahí
a C
hetu
mal
Baca
lar
Chi
co R
Xcal
akPu
nta
Alle
nN
iche
Jab
inAr
reci
fe C
olom
bia
Coz
umel
Bojo
rque
zP
Mor
elos
Cue
vone
sC
onto
yC
Cat
oche
Utila
Ree
fU
tila T
Cei
baTe
laU
lúa
Cha
mal
ecón
Qui
limac
oO
moa
Mot
agua
Río
Esc
ondi
doSa
nto
Tom
ásR
ío D
ulce
Sars
toon
RC
abo
3 Pu
ntas
Sapo
dilla
Key
sPl
asce
ncia
S W
ater
key
sC
oroz
alB
Che
tum
al S
outh
B C
hetu
mal
Cen
ter
B C
hetu
mal
Nor
th
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
PAH
s (u
g/g)
LMW PAHs HMW PAHs
10
LMW PAHsSite
Belice Bel-Mex México Honduras Guatemala
Country
-2
0
2
4
6
8
PAH
s (u
g/g)
HMW PAHs
PAHs
Beliz
e R
Cre
ek R
Key
Cau
lker
Bahí
a C
hetu
mal
Baca
lar
Chi
co R
Xcal
akPu
nta
Alle
nN
iche
Jab
inAr
reci
fe C
olom
bia
Coz
umel
Bojo
rque
zP
Mor
elos
Cue
vone
sC
onto
yC
Cat
oche
Utila
Ree
fU
tila T
Cei
baTe
laU
lúa
Cha
mal
ecón
Qui
limac
oO
moa
Mot
agua
Río
Esc
ondi
doSa
nto
Tom
ásR
ío D
ulce
Sars
toon
RC
abo
3 Pu
ntas
Sapo
dilla
Key
sPl
asce
ncia
S W
ater
key
sC
oroz
alB
Che
tum
al S
outh
B C
hetu
mal
Cen
ter
B C
hetu
mal
Nor
th
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
PAH
s (u
g/g)
LMW PAHs HMW PAHs
10
LMW PAHsSite
Belice Bel-Mex México Honduras Guatemala
Country
-2
0
2
4
6
8
PAH
s (u
g/g)
HMW PAHs
Belize and Sarstoon riversCancunCabo Tres Puntas
Pesticides
2 6
2,8
HCHs
Beliz
e R
Cre
ek R
Key
Cau
lker
Bahí
a C
hetu
mal
Baca
lar C
hico
RXc
alak
Punt
a Al
len
Nic
he J
abin
Arre
cife
Col
ombi
aC
ozum
elBo
jorq
uez
P M
orel
osC
uevo
nes
Con
toy
C C
atoc
heU
tila R
eef
Utila
TC
eiba
Tela
Ulú
aC
ham
alec
ónQ
uilim
aco
Om
oaM
otag
uaR
ío E
scon
dido
Sant
o To
más
Río
Dul
ceSa
rsto
on R
Cab
o 3
Punt
asSa
podi
lla K
eys
Plas
cenc
iaS
Wat
er k
eys
Cor
ozal
B C
hetu
mal
Sou
thC
hetu
mal
Cen
ter
B C
hetu
mal
Nor
th
-0,20,00,20,40,60,81,01,21,41,61,82,02,22,42,62,8
HCHs Chlordanes Drins Endosulfans
Belice Bel-Mex México Honduras Guatemala
C t
-0,2
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
2,0
2,2
2,4
2,6 HCHs Chlordanes Drins Endosulfans
A B B C B
Site
Pesticides
2 6
2,8
HCHs
Beliz
e R
Cre
ek R
Key
Cau
lker
Bahí
a C
hetu
mal
Baca
lar C
hico
RXc
alak
Punt
a Al
len
Nic
he J
abin
Arre
cife
Col
ombi
aC
ozum
elBo
jorq
uez
P M
orel
osC
uevo
nes
Con
toy
C C
atoc
heU
tila R
eef
Utila
TC
eiba
Tela
Ulú
aC
ham
alec
ónQ
uilim
aco
Om
oaM
otag
uaR
ío E
scon
dido
Sant
o To
más
Río
Dul
ceSa
rsto
on R
Cab
o 3
Punt
asSa
podi
lla K
eys
Plas
cenc
iaS
Wat
er k
eys
Cor
ozal
B C
hetu
mal
Sou
thC
hetu
mal
Cen
ter
B C
hetu
mal
Nor
th
-0,20,00,20,40,60,81,01,21,41,61,82,02,22,42,62,8
HCHs Chlordanes Drins Endosulfans
Belice Bel-Mex México Honduras Guatemala
C t
-0,2
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
2,0
2,2
2,4
2,6 HCHs Chlordanes Drins Endosulfans
A B B C B
Site
Technical LindaneCiclopentaqdienesChetumalSouthern Belize and Guatemala
PCBs
8
Beliz
e R
Cre
ek R
Key
Cau
lker
ahía
Che
tum
alca
lar C
hico
RXc
alak
Punt
a Al
len
Nic
he J
abin
cife
Col
ombi
aC
ozum
elBo
jorq
uez
P M
orel
osC
uevo
nes
Con
toy
C C
atoc
heU
tila R
eef
Utila
TC
eiba
Tela
Ulú
aC
ham
alec
ónQ
uilim
aco
Om
oaM
otag
uaR
ío E
scon
dido
Sant
o To
más
Río
Dul
ceSa
rsto
on R
Cab
o 3
Punt
asSa
podi
lla K
eys
Plas
cenc
iaS
Wat
er k
eys
Cor
ozal
hetu
mal
Sou
thet
umal
Cen
ter
hetu
mal
Nor
th
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
PCBs
Belice Bel-Mex México Honduras Guatemala
Country
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
PCBs
Ba Bac
Arre R C S S
B C
hB
Che
B C
h
Site
31
12/17/2009
5
PCBs
8
Beliz
e R
Cre
ek R
Key
Cau
lker
ahía
Che
tum
alca
lar C
hico
RXc
alak
Punt
a Al
len
Nic
he J
abin
cife
Col
ombi
aC
ozum
elBo
jorq
uez
P M
orel
osC
uevo
nes
Con
toy
C C
atoc
heU
tila R
eef
Utila
TC
eiba
Tela
Ulú
aC
ham
alec
ónQ
uilim
aco
Om
oaM
otag
uaR
ío E
scon
dido
Sant
o To
más
Río
Dul
ceSa
rsto
on R
Cab
o 3
Punt
asSa
podi
lla K
eys
Plas
cenc
iaS
Wat
er k
eys
Cor
ozal
hetu
mal
Sou
thet
umal
Cen
ter
hetu
mal
Nor
th
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
PCBs
Belice Bel-Mex México Honduras Guatemala
Country
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
PCBs
Ba Bac
Arre R C S S
B C
hB
Che
B C
h
Site
Rio Dulce and Chetumal
DDTs
Beliz
e R
Cre
ek R
Key
Cau
lker
ahía
Che
tum
alca
lar
Chi
co R
Xcal
akPu
nta
Alle
nN
iche
Jab
inec
ife C
olom
bia
Coz
umel
Bojo
rque
zP
Mor
elos
Cue
vone
sC
onto
yC
Cat
oche
Utila
Ree
fU
tila T
Cei
baTe
laU
lúa
Cha
mal
ecón
Qui
limac
oO
moa
Mot
agua
Río
Esc
ondi
doSa
nto
Tom
ásR
ío D
ulce
Sars
toon
RC
abo
3 Pu
ntas
Sapo
dilla
Key
sPl
asce
ncia
S W
ater
key
sC
oroz
alhe
tum
al S
outh
etum
al C
ente
rhe
tum
al N
orth
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
DD
Ts
Belice Bel-Mex México Honduras Guatemala
Country
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
DD
Ts
Ba Bac
Arre R C S S
B C
hB
Che
B C
h
Site
DDTs
Beliz
e R
Cre
ek R
Key
Cau
lker
ahía
Che
tum
alca
lar
Chi
co R
Xcal
akPu
nta
Alle
nN
iche
Jab
inec
ife C
olom
bia
Coz
umel
Bojo
rque
zP
Mor
elos
Cue
vone
sC
onto
yC
Cat
oche
Utila
Ree
fU
tila T
Cei
baTe
laU
lúa
Cha
mal
ecón
Qui
limac
oO
moa
Mot
agua
Río
Esc
ondi
doSa
nto
Tom
ásR
ío D
ulce
Sars
toon
RC
abo
3 Pu
ntas
Sapo
dilla
Key
sPl
asce
ncia
S W
ater
key
sC
oroz
alhe
tum
al S
outh
etum
al C
ente
rhe
tum
al N
orth
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
DD
Ts
Belice Bel-Mex México Honduras Guatemala
Country
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
DD
Ts
Ba Bac
Arre R C S S
B C
hB
Che
B C
h
Site
Hot spot in Belize RiverXcalakChetumal
Conclusions• Most biomarkers indicate that the most impacted area
is in or near the Gulf of Honduras– Southern Belize and Guatemala
• Contaminant profiles generally agree with this pattern– Hotspots in Cancun, Chetumal Bay (Xcalak-Bacalar
Chico), Sapodilla Keys
• Some biomarker patterns are not explained by pollutant patterns
– There are other stressors not considered in this study
• Main concerns are DDTs, Lindane and Ciclopentadienes
Thanks!
Questions, comments, complains, etc.:[email protected]
32
12/17/2009
Monitoring DatabaseMonitoring Database
Caribbean Coastal Pollution Project Caribbean Coastal Pollution Project (CCPP) (CCPP)
Hanneke Van Lavieren
White Grunt Monitoring Database
2009: The Institute of Watershed Science, Trent University developed: CCPP Database for Phase 1
MS‐Access 2003 ‐ Access’ Visual Basic for Applications• relational Database Management System‐ non‐
ti lspatial• most are familiar with software• no cost (most people already have it)• efficient storage, retrieval, maintenance and reporting of both analytical data and project metadata
• disseminate and share these data among the partner countries
White Grunt Monitoring Database Input: • Data on the concentrations of > 35 different POPs compounds from approx 200 samples of fish from 8 countries
• Intern: entered fish collection data from the field ll ti h t 190 l d i ticollection sheets ‐ 190 sample descriptions
• The UWI Mona, CINVESTAV (and Trent University and University of Windsor laboratories) responsible for entering analysis data
• Analytical data entered by regional labs into a standardized Excel spreadsheet
Products/Documents
• Central database file
• Test database file
• Database Reference Manual
• Excel analysis data sheets
• Table of relationships data layers – cascade
Sample tables
Sample prep table
“look‐up” (LU) tables
Meta data –sample Batch table
Sample Analytical Data
33
12/17/2009
BZ004‐003‐CIN‐001 (country, location, fish, lab for analysis,
li t )
Query1
OriginalSampleID SampleIDBZBC01 BZ007‐001‐CIN‐001BZBC02 BZ007‐002‐CIN‐001BZBC03 BZ010‐003‐CIN‐001BZBC04 BZ010‐004‐CIN‐001BZBC05 BZ009‐001‐CIN‐001BZCC01 BZ008‐001‐CIN‐001BZCC02 BZ008‐002‐CIN‐001BZCC03 BZ008‐003‐CIN‐001replicate) BZCC03 BZ008 003 CIN 001BZCC04 BZ008‐004‐CIN‐001BZCC05 BZ008‐005‐CIN‐001BZCC06 BZ008‐006‐CIN‐001BZEC 01 BZ003‐001‐CIN‐001BZEC 02 BZ003‐002‐CIN‐001BZEC 03 BZ003‐003‐CIN‐001BZEC 04 BZ003‐004‐CIN‐001BZEC 05 BZ003‐005‐CIN‐001BZPH 01 BZ004‐001‐CIN‐001BZPH 02 BZ004‐002‐CIN‐001BZPH 03 BZ004‐003‐CIN‐001
DatabaseDatabase
Data Challenges
• Data on PCBs (37 congeners)• Data on organochlorine pesticides (23 compounds)
Problem:High probability of losing data; difficult to share the dataSolution:
• Data base modules:– Sample descriptions (codes, fish, locations, etc.)– Sample preparation descriptions (sample wt., milestones for prep)– Sample batch descriptions (what samples were analyzed together)– Analytical data for white grunt, CRMs and blanks– Data retrieval
Solution:Develop a data base
• Important to regularly Back up files
• Keep and save the “source files”
• Stored on personal computer‐ when transfer to other user and/or computer – transfer entire database folder (ensure links maintained)
Next? • Phase 2 (long‐term): Centralized Internet based DB
• Spatially enable data ‐ interactive mapping appl.• Show trends and relationshipsS ft ?• Software?
• GIS is an inexpensive and robust solution• Internet‐based application will require server setup and administration on top of the actual application development process
• Server requires maintenance
34
12/17/2009
Baseline MonitoringProblems encountered
Hanneke Van Lavieren
Problems encounteredProblems encountered
1) Delays contracts: (identifying who to partner with, getting signatures, payments) ensure quicker turn around
2) Lack of dedicated freezers/storage: risk of accidental discarding of samples by others - dedicated freezer for samples in this project – control of storage area- correct and clear labelling
3) Electricity problems storage: loss of samples - UPS back up; generator; storage at home
4) Finding White grunt at sampling sites: problems with ID, or simply not found at sites- catch other grunt species
Problems encounteredProblems encountered5) Delays in collecting datasheets: delays in sending them to Hanneke - ensure sheets are filled in straight after sampling and sent directly to Hanneke when sampling is complete
6) Delays in delivery GC ECDs – delay in license, delivery -no solution
7) Sending fish samples across the Caribbean: fed- ex rules and procedures; delay in receiving necessary documents; import permits; dry ice; customs and clearance – delay (samples thawed – smelly rotten fish) - ensure all clear with fed ex prior to sending; use ice packs; ensure no commercial value on letter
8) Analysis: standard reference material and blank with each batch
9) Database: code errors and data entry issues: follow guidance; standard format; correct coding; re-do comparison; correct coding; re do comparison;
10) And things we can’t help: Guatemala: Marine field station burned down by rebels against the government
35
12/18/2009
Laboratory Upgradesand Trainingand Training
Laboratory Upgrades
• Focus on regional laboratories:– UWI Mona, Jamaica– CINVESTAV, Mexico
• New gas chromatographs with electron capture detectors (Agilent 6890) and autosamplers– Intended to improve analytical
sensitivity and sample throughput – Installed at UWI Mona in June, 2009– Installation pending at CINVESTAV
• Christmas present?
Training in Canada 2009• Focus on regional laboratories• Training at Trent University andUniversity of Windsor in March, 2009 (2 weeks)
Preparative methodsChromatographic methodsCalibration and limits of detectionData interpretationQuality control/quality assurance
• Follow up visit to UWI Monaby K. Drouillard in June, 2009
• Inter-lab comparison with tuna CRM completed August, 2009Report by K. Drouillard
Instructional Video
• Shipping frozen fish between countries is problematic
• Easier to ship extractsInstr ctional ideo prepared on “cold col mn”• Instructional video prepared on “cold column” extraction of fish tissues– Spanish and English versions– Microsoft media player format– Includes lab safety and fish tissue preparation methods– 15 minutes in length– First step in training of other labs in WCR on POPs analysis
36
12/17/2009
Implementing the Baseline Implementing the Baseline POPS Monitoring ProgramPOPS Monitoring Program
&& InterlaboratoryInterlaboratory AssessmentAssessment& & InterlaboratoryInterlaboratory AssessmentAssessment Lab Field
Risk Assessment / Data InterpretationRisk Assessment / Data Interpretation(Source Control or Ecosystem Health?)
Data Gaps
Sampling Design(Question???)
DatabaseManagement
Inter-Lab.QA/QC Lab Field (Question???)
Field SamplingProgram
(QA/QC, SOPs,Chain of Custody)Laboratory
Facilities, StaffLab. QA/QC
Sample Analysis
QA/QC
Laboratory Laboratory -- FacilitiesFacilities• Agreed upon Models
– Regional Instrumental/Analytical Facilities (Phase I)• Instrument procurement
• Method trials/validation/detection limits
• Inter-laboratory comparison
• Quality manual/documentation/QA Review
• Sample extraction/Analysis
– Regional Instrumental Facilities + Independent Sample Processing Facilities (Phase II)
• Maximizes instrument time (bottleneck = sample processing)
• Less need to negotiate sample processing priorities at instrument facilities
• More difficult QA/QC needs (QA Manager) processing facilities need regular feedback
– Blanks and contamination problems on-site
Laboratory Laboratory –– FacilitiesFacilitiesRegional Instrument FacilitiesRegional Instrument Facilities• Priorities for regional instrument facilities
– Staff – Laboratory manager + technicians
– Laboratory with Quality Assurance Program
– Analytical Instruments • GC-ECD – redundancy of units
• GC-MSD – validation of difficult samples
– Sample Processing facilities
Laboratory StaffLaboratory StaffLaboratory Head
Quality Manager Laboratory ManagerQuality Manager Laboratory Manager
Technicians
*Quality Manager/Laboratory Manager Sometimes CombinedRequires permanent, full time position staffed with qualified personnel (BSc or MSc level)Quality Manager Must Be Independent of Technicians
Laboratory StaffLaboratory Staff• Quality Manager –Regional Coordinator?
– At presently – independently by conducted by GLIER/Trent– Need to transition this to another regional facility ???
– Oversee Quality Projects– Reviews and Updates Laboratory Quality Programsy y g– Reviews method validation results, quality control charts – Reviews data output– Can be shared across multiple-labs– Role in database management?
37
12/17/2009
Laboratory Quality Assurance Laboratory Quality Assurance ProgramProgram
•Quality Manual•Specifies Quality Assurance Program•Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) written•Related Procedures written
•Quality Assurance = Auditing Components•Use of SOPs to ensure data consistency •Demonstrate method validation & method detection limits•Maintain complete records of sample receipt, analysis, instrument calibration, control charts, data archiving (storage of and access to chromatogram files, raw areas and calculaton spread sheets)•Reporting of Non-conformances and Corrective Actions
•Quality Control •Procedures put in place to monitor data quality
•Calibration of instruments (balances, analytical instruments etc.)•Analysis of certified reference materials•Blanks, Surrogate Recovery Standards, Sample Duplicates•Produce Quality Control Charts•Participation in Inter-laboratory Comparisons
Quality Control Procedures Specific to POPs Analysis
• Method validation & method validation checks– Spiking & recovery of representative
matrices (triolein) – Measuring & reporting analysis of SRMs– Determining method detection limits and
periodic (e.g. 1/year) re-assessment of them
– Determining linear range of method
Quality Control Procedures Specific to POPs Analysis
• BEST PRACTICES…• Certified analytical standards
• UNU-INWEH Supplied PCB, OC-Pesticide standards
• Surrogate recovery standardsg y• UNU-INWEH Supplied PCB-#30
• Certified Reference Samples• UNU-INWEH Supplied NIST SRM 1974 – Lake Michigan Fish Tissue• Run with each batch• Maintain database of CRM performance over time
• Sample Blanks (every batch)• Sample Duplicates (randomized every 2 batches)
Inter-laboratory Comparison Exercise
• IAEA Tuna homogenates (CRM)– Certified homogenate run in replicate by
Trent, GLIER, Mona, CIVESTAVTrent, GLIER, Mona, CIVESTAV– Contrast Laboratory Performance Against
Certified Values– Compare lab results for target chemicals
Target Compounds• OC-Pesticides• Aldrin• ∑chlordanes cis-chlordane, trans-chlordane, oxy-chlordane• ∑DDTs o,p’-DDD, p,p’-DDD, o,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDE, o,p’-DDT, p,p’-
DDT• Dieldrin• Endrin• Heptachlor• cis-heptachlorepoxide• trans-heptachlorepoxide• Mirex• ∑PCBs = 17/18, 28/31, 33, 44, 49, 52, 70, 74, 82/151, 87, 66/95, 99, 101,
105/132, 110, 118, 128, 138,149,153, 156/171, 158, 170, 177, 180, 183, 187,191, 194,195/208,199/201,205, 206, 209
10
100
CRV GLIER TrentCINVESTAV
Mona
(ng/
g we
t wei
ght)
Inter-laboratory Comparison PCBs
PCB
#18
PCB
#17
PCB
#18+
17PC
B #3
1PC
B #2
8PC
B #3
1+28
PCB
#33
PCB
#52
PCB
#49
PCB
#44
PCB
#74
PCB
#70
PCB
#95
PCB
#101
PCB
#99
PCB
#87
PCB
#110
PCB
#151
PCB
#149
PCB
#118
PCB
#153
PCB
#132
PCB
#105
PCB
#132
+105
PCB
#138
PCB
#158
PCB
#138
+158
PCB
#187
PCB
#183
PCB
#128
PCB
#177
PCB
#156
PCB
#180
PCB
#170
PCB
#201
PCB
#208
PCB
#195
PCB
#195
+208
PCB
#194
PCB
#205
PCB
#206
PCB
#209
0.1
1
Conc
entra
tion
(
38
12/17/2009
Inter-laboratory Comparison OCs
10
100 CRV GLIER TrentCINVESTAV
Mona
tion
(ng/
g)
aldr
in
trans
chl
orda
ne
cis
chlo
rdan
e
oxyc
hlor
dane
p,p'
-DD
E
o,p'
-DD
E
p,p'
-DD
D
o,p'
-DD
D
diel
drin
endr
in
hetp
achl
or
hept
achl
or e
poxi
de A
hexa
chlo
robe
nzen
e
Mire
x
g-H
CH
0.1
1Conc
entra
t
Internal Standard Recovery –Mona Lab
100
110
120
Mona
lab)
7/18
/191
09
8/7/
1910
9
8/27
/191
09
9/16
/191
09
10/6
/191
09
10/2
6/19
109
11/1
5/19
109
12/5
/191
09
60
70
80
90
% R
ecov
ery P
CB 3
0 (M
Inter-laboratory Comparison Exercise
• Next Steps • Method validation & Documentation
– Each lab document method validation and method detection limitsmethod detection limits
– Formalized assessment of SRMs within and between laboratories (NIST 1974 SRM)
• External Laboratory audit of QA Procedures• Entry into Round-robin comparisons
Regional Laboratory QA ProgramRegional Laboratory QA Program
• External audits of regional laboratories– Performed by independent quality managers– Documentation of QA/QC, quality control charts
etc.Develop cross regional quality assessment• Develop cross regional quality assessment reports
• Participation in international round-robin testing programs
• Needs to be formalized between two regional labs…
Database ManagementDatabase Management• Centralized repository for data
– Currently being maintained at Trent University• Receives – QA checked data from regional
facilities– Harmonization of external QA Management and
Database Management???• Data security/accessibility to project PI’s
– Need to sort out data ownership issues– Confidentiality and cross region data sharing
39
12/17/2009
Experiences and difficulties with extractions, analyses, database etcy
Raymond R. ReidPesticide Research LaboratoryDepartment of Chemistry
University of the West IndiesMona, Kingston, Jamaica, W.I.
Instrument Failure
• Initially, we had problems detecting POPs with our instrument because of detector problems.
h bl di d i i d h• The problem was discussed in Mexico and the decision was made to allocate a new instrument to our laboratory. This was received and installed in June 2009.
Delay in instrumental analysis
• While waiting on the arrival of the new instrument, extraction of the CRM was done and the extracts were stored. We normally do not store extracts but analyse them as soon as possible (within days) in order to prevent any p ( y ) p ypossible loss.
• We decided not to extract the fish samples from Jamaica until the results for the CRM analyses were available.
• SRM was received in October, 2009.
Shortage of Extraction Apparatus
• The department is presently out of “stop cocks” and so our glass glower could only make three sets of glassware for sample extraction. These include columns for sodium sulfate and florisilcleanup. So, for a batch of six samples, extraction p , p ,is done in two batches.
• It takes 6‐12 weeks to import these items.• Hoping to double the number of extraction apparatus by next year. The cost of each “stop cock” is about US$100.
Need for UPS
• We have been experiencing frequent power cuts some of which lasted for a few minutes. The new instrument (GC‐ECD) which is designated for the UNEP project has no UPS and as a result, a number of the instrumental analyses had to be repeated.
• Solution: We are in the process of seeking financial assistance in order to purchase a 2.5 KVA UPS.
Re‐training of staff due to resignation
• We had to recruit a new analyst who we had to train which took away some of the time which we would normally used for chemical analysesanalyses.
40