41
Presentations from the Final Reporting Workshop Caribbean Coastal Pollution Project (CCPP) Assessment, Monitoring &Management of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) & Persistent Toxic Substances (PTS) in the Coastal Ecosystems of the Wider Caribbean Region Montego Bay, Jamaica, 2‐3 rd December 2009 Day 1: Wednesday, 2 nd December Research and analytical work on POPs at the University of the West Indies Tara Dasgupta, University of the West Indies, Jamaica Session 2: Update on project and monitoring programme Update on overall project progress Hanneke Van Lavieren, UNUINWEH, Canada Short overview on status of 2009 white grunt sampling Belize, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, St. Lucia, Trinidad & Tobago Preliminary monitoring results Ken Drouillard, University of Windsor, Canada Biomarkers in the white grunt (Haemulon plumieri) and levels of organic pollutants in sediments from the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef Gerardo Gold, CINVESTAV, México Monitoring database Chris Metcalfe, Trent University, Canada & Hanneke Van Lavieren Baseline monitoring problems encountered Hanneke Van Lavieren Session 3: Update on laboratory capacity assessments Laboratory upgrades, instructional training video, training in Canada Chris Metcalfe Implementing the baseline POPs monitoring program & interlaboratory assessment Ken Drouillard Experiences and difficulties with extractions, analyses, database etc. Raymond Reid, University of the West Indies, Jamaica 1

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Presentations from the Final Reporting Workshop  

Caribbean Coastal Pollution Project (CCPP)  

Assessment, Monitoring &Management of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) &  Persistent Toxic Substances (PTS) in the Coastal Ecosystems of the Wider Caribbean Region 

 

Montego Bay, Jamaica, 2‐3rd December 2009   

Day 1:  Wednesday, 2nd December  Research and analytical work on POPs at the University of the West Indies    Tara Dasgupta, University of the West Indies, Jamaica  Session 2:  Update on project and monitoring programme 

Update on overall project progress   Hanneke Van Lavieren, UNU‐INWEH, Canada  Short overview on status of 2009 white grunt sampling    Belize, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, St. Lucia, Trinidad & Tobago  Preliminary monitoring results   Ken Drouillard, University of Windsor, Canada  Biomarkers in the white grunt (Haemulon plumieri) and levels of organic pollutants in sediments from the 

Mesoamerican Barrier Reef     Gerardo Gold, CINVESTAV, México  Monitoring database   Chris Metcalfe, Trent University, Canada & Hanneke Van Lavieren  Baseline monitoring problems encountered     Hanneke Van Lavieren  Session 3:  Update on laboratory capacity assessments  Laboratory upgrades, instructional training video, training in Canada   Chris Metcalfe  Implementing the baseline POPs monitoring program & interlaboratory assessment     Ken Drouillard  Experiences and difficulties with extractions, analyses, database etc.     Raymond Reid, University of the West Indies, Jamaica 

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12/17/2009

UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP

Research and Analytical Work on POPs at

the University of the West Indies

Presented byProfessor Tara Dasgupta

Head, Pesticide Research Laboratory.

UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP

Some Basic Information on UWI

Established 1948 as a College of the University of London.

Gained full University status in 1962

Nestled at the foot of the Blue Mountain Range, the picturesque Mona Campus is spread over some 653 acres. The Campus is rich in historical remains, the dominant feature being the century-old aqueduct that served the former sugar estate.

UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP

Total enrolment: Approximately 11,000

Vice Chancellor: Prof. E. Nigel Harris

Principal: Prof. Gordon Shirley

Deputy Principal: Mr. Joseph Pereira

Campus Registrar: Dr. Camille Bell-Hutchinson

UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP

The Science Faculty, Faculty of Pure & Applied Sciences, is among the largest in the University with teaching in Biochemistry, Botany, Chemistry, Computer Science, Geography, Mathematics, Metereology, Physics and Zoology.

It has about 2000 full time students, 200 postgraduate students.

Faculty offers Deploma, M.Sc., M.Phil., & Ph.D.

UWI MONA UWI MONA

2

12/17/2009

UWI MONA UWI MONA

UWI MONA UWI MONA

UWI MONA UWI MONA

3

12/17/2009

UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP

PESTICIDE RESEARCH LABORATORY (PRL)and

Work on POPs.

E t bli h d i 1995 ith th h l f h t fEstablished in 1995 with the help of research grant of US$250,000 from IADB Research carried out on degradation of pesticides including POPs in the ecosystem Characterization of metabolitesNew pesticide especially from natural products

UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP

OBJECTIVES of PRL:

To train young science graduates for the demanding market

To help governmental and non-governmentalTo help governmental and non governmental organizations in monitoring the extent of pesticide pollution in our ecosystem

To help agricultural sector in monitoring the pesticide residue in imported and locally grown agricultural products

UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP

Outcomes:5 Ph.D and 4 M.Phil

Currently 2 Ph.D and 4 M.Phil students are working for their degrees

Working closely with PCA on monitoring pesticide residues in agricultural products and pesticide registration

Offer training courses to private and public sector organizations for handling, application, formulation and analysis of pesticides.

UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP

Current Projects:Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Caribbean Coastal region (UNU/INWEH)

Pesticides in local and imported Fruits and Vegetables (PCA)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) load in Jamaica and Disposal (NEPA/MOE/GEF)

POPs in air, blood and breast milk (GEF)

Developing a National GHS Implementation Strategy (UNITAR)

UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP

CURRENT STATUS ON INSTRUMENTATIONSThree Gas Chromatograph with mass spectrometric detector (including JRC facilities)

Post derivative analysis by FLD detector

Gas Chromatograph with Head Space A l /ECD/FID/NPDTwo High Performance

Liquid Chromatographs with mass spectrometric detectors (tandem)

Purge & Trap accessory for volatile organic pollutants

Analyzer/ECD/FID/NPD

Gas Chromatograph with ECD (UNU-INWEH Project)

UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP

4

12/17/2009

UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP

UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP

Future Projects on POPs:

Extent of Air Pollution by Dioxin and Furan Derivatives.

Analyses of breast milk and blood for residual PCBs and Dioxin.

Catalytic Dechlorination of PCBs.

UNU-INWEH WORKSHOP

Thank YouThank You.

5

12/17/2009

Caribbean Coastal Pollution Project Caribbean Coastal Pollution Project (CCPP) (CCPP)

Project Update

Hanneke Van LavierenHanneke Van Lavieren

Build network among coastal managers and analytical labs in 8 countries to monitor pollution by POPs

Baseline data on POPs in coastal ecosystems by initiation of monitoring programinitiation of monitoring program

Improve capacity for laboratory analysis of POPs pollution

Undertake research on PTS pollution at selected sites

Educate about, and reduce incidence of POPs pollution

Phase 1: Planning 2007

Phase 2: 2008 – 2009Phase 2: 2008 2009

Phase 3: 2010 – 2015

Initiation and Coordination

Baseline Monitoring

Capacity enhancement

Research

Outreach

Planning, Regional Initiation and Interim Reporting Workshops held (Canada 2007, Trinidad 2008, and Mexico 2009)

Network established of individuals from 18 partner agencies, NGOs, laboratories, Universities and Ministries in 8 countries plus CanadaMinistries in 8 countries plus Canada

Partners Workshop with potential donors and regional partners held (Mexico Jan 2009) for discussing and developing follow up phase (beyond 2009)

10 participating labs evaluated in 2008 by team of 3 experts - Two regional lead labs identified (CINVESTAV in Mexico & UWI in Jamaica)

Inter lab comparison exercise conducted (2009) with Inter-lab comparison exercise conducted (2009) with CINVESTAV, UWI, Univ Windsor and Trent Univ labs (using IAEA Certified Reference Materials – Tuna Homogaenate and standards) – Results complete (presented later)

Training workshop on POPs extraction and analysis methods for biological tissues for lab personnel held 19-20 Jan 2009 in Mexico

6

12/17/2009

3 lab staff from lead laboratories in Jamaica & Mexico visited labs in Canada at the Univ of Windsor and Trent Univ for 2 weeks during March 2009 to increase capacity in aspects of quality control, quality assurance and extraction and clean up techniques

Lab Equipment upgrades (Agilent GC –ECD) for 2 lead labs (already installed and functional at UWI –delay at CINVESTAV)

On site visit and training at UWI lab in Jamaica by Ken Drouillard in June 2009 (also visit UWI Barbados)

In Aug. 2009: 15 min - video on POPs extraction methods for fish tissues developed for labs in region

Prepared by IWS at Trent University

Spanish and English versions -Microsoft Media Player

Both aimed at identifying pollutants and tracing sources of contamination:

1. Passive Sampler Monitoring for Contaminants in the Caribbean Coastal Zone of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico – commenced December 2008Peninsula, Mexico commenced December 2008

2. Quantitative Biomonitoring of POPs in Oysters in Caribbean Coastal Zones – commenced February 2009, in Mexico, Jamaica, Trinidad

UNU INWEH attended Caribbean EcoHealth Programme meeting in Dominica in May 2009

Discussed expanding sampling for white Discussed expanding sampling for white grunt to some CARICOM islands

Add Barbados as site for Oyster biomonitoring

Target fish: White Grunt (Haemulon plumieri)

Alternative Species: Other Grunt Species (first priority)

Other grunt /benthic feeding species of appropriate target size range.

Size Range: 120 – 250 g and 19 – 26 cm total length

Capture Technique: Any appropriate method: hand line, angling, scuba/spear fishing, pot traps, fish traps, etc.

Number of fish: 3 per site

Sample dissection: 2 - 5 g of dorsal muscle (skin off) from a collected fish

Sample storage: Stored frozen and individually wrapped in a ziplock bag until shipment

7

12/17/2009

First sampling round:

69 sample sites identified (16 more than planned originally)61 sites sampled

Sampling undertaken in 2008 and in some countries in 2009 at 6-15 sites per country

Dorsal muscle dissected in each country and sent frozen to regional labs (Jamaica and Mexico)

Sample extraction and analysis done at 2 regional labs (and for some contaminants at Windsor and Trent labs)

Standard Reference Material purchased (Lake Michigan fish) & sent to Reg. labs - for analyzing for every 12 sample batch to ensure quality checks of methods

CountrySamples Collected

Samples Sent to Regional Lab?

Data sheets submitted

SamplingReport

Samples Analyzed

Belize yes yes  yes yes Yes

Dom rep yes yes yes yes No

G t l t t N

First Sampling Round

Guatemala some not yet no yes No

Honduras yes yes yes yes No

Jamaica yes yes yes yes Yes

Mexico yes yes yes yes No

St Lucia yes yes yes yes Yes

Trinidad yes Yes  yes  yes Yes

Nearly all data collection sheets sent to UNU INWEH

Relational database developed and metadata entered

Analytical data for first sampling round entered for 4 countries into excel sheets and imported into databasecountries into excel sheets and imported into database

Data checked by Trent and Windsor Universities for errors

Delay other 4 countries: new GC -ECD machine not yet delivered to Lab in Mexico (and no samples from Guatemala)

Country Contract Status Samples Collected

Belize Contract in place 

Dominican Republic

Draft contract sent

Guatemala Contract in place 

Honduras Contract being processed

Jamaica Contract being processed

Mexico NA

St. Lucia Draft contract sent

Trinidad Contract being processed

2 posters at Ross University Research Day: Public Health in Developing Countries: Challenges and Solutions 22 May 2009

Stakeholder consultation workshop in Tulum Mexico- presented Passive sampler data

Progress report, Website

8

12/17/2009

Delays in delivery new GC ECD – sample analysis 2008 sampling round still to be completed by CINVESTAV

Additional contaminants- emerging concern to be analyzed at Trent lab in some samples

Lab –inter- comparison exercise- redo this when CINVESTAV has new GC ECD?

Complete second sampling round - 2009 – send to regional labs for storage (no funding for analysis)

Synthesize monitoring data - prepare report

Share database amongst partners (only for viewing)

Based on consultations at Partners meeting in Jan 2009 (and other comments from donors/partners) - prepared a proposal for phase 3 (2010-2015)

During July - August 2009 - sent to country partners as well as suggested other important stakeholders in each country (Ministries, GEF focal points etc.) for comments and to attain informal interest and approval

GraciasGracias / Thank you/ Thank you

www.inweh.unu.eduwww.inweh.unu.edu

9

12/17/2009

Isaias MajilFisheries Department

Sampling SitesBacalar Chico Marine ReserveCaye Caulker Marine ReserveEnglish Caye South Water Caye Marine ReservePort Honduras Marine ReserveSapodilla Cayes Marine Reserve

UpdateAll sites sampling occurred on the November  2‐6 2009 – 6 white grunts from each siteStored in freezer at the Belize City OfficeNo problems encountered on this samplingR d  t  b   t t  l b t  f   l iReady to be sent to laboratory for analysis

Bacalar Chico and Caye Caulker

ENGLISH CAYE  SOUTH WATER CAYE

10

12/17/2009

PORT HONDURAS SAPODILLA CAYES

SamplingSamples were obtained using speargunsUsed the service of a local fisherman whilst informing the objectives of the projectU d  h   h d l   li d b  UNUUsed the methodology outlined by UNUSpecies is common to abundant in the chosen sampling areas 

Way ForwardNovember  teams were formed with a discussion as to the methodologyFreezer was bought in January 2009  ($500 US)S l    b   b i d i    d  f   iSamples can be obtained in one day from sitesSample s will be available upon request 

11

12/17/2009

Final Reporting Workshop

Caribbean Coastal Pollution Project (CCPP)

Assessment Monitoring &Management of Persistent

Instituto de FísicaFacultad de Ciencias

Universidad Autónoma de Santo DomingoRepública Dominicana

Ramón DelanoyCesar A. PerezSubsecretaría de Gestión Ambiental

Secretaría de Estado Medio Ambiente yRecursos Naturales

República Dominicana

Assessment, Monitoring &Management of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) & Persistent Toxic

Substances (PTS) in the Coastal Ecosystems of the Wider Caribbean Region

2, 3rd December 2009, Montego Bay, Jamaica

Lugares de Muestreo

Azua a

La Salina a

H i aHaina a

Boca Chica a

San Pedro de Macoris a

La Romana a

Azua Las Salinas

Haina-Santo Domingo Boca Chica

12

12/17/2009

San Pedro de Macoris La Romana

Muestreo del Ronco Blanco(Bocayate Blanco)

Tallas y Pesos

DificultadesEs difícil planificar con mucho tiempo de anterioridad lacolecta de los peces. Debido a esto, el muestreo debeconfiárselo a los pescadores ya que estos siempre están encondiciones de salir a pescarlo siempre que se presentenlas condiciones favorables.

El clima en la zona tropical varia de un momento a otro,presentándose tormentas, marejadas y lluvias torrenciales.

Los apoyos logísticos son limitados en nuestrasinstituciones, por lo que planificar es difícil.

Quienes asumimos la responsabilidad del muestreo,tenemos otras responsabilidades que son las que nospermiten subsistir.

13

12/17/2009

Conservación de las Muestras

1.- El tiempo de refrigeración fue bastante, implico mantener la muestra en un refrigerador y con olor a pescado por mucho tiempo. Refrigerador que es utilizado con otros fines por no disponer de otro.

2.- La cantidad de muestras dispuso de casi todo el espacio en el refrigerador.

3.- La garantía de energía eléctrica para el refrigerador podría ser comprometida, por ser en tiempo de vacaciones. Muchas personas que trabajan en nuestras instituciones desconocen de la importancia de conservar las muestras debidamente.

Preparación y Envío de las Muestras

1.- El procedimiento para la obtención de la porción de muestra para analizar de los pescados (nuestro caso) debió ser con anterioridad, Como se ha hecho para la segunda fase.

2 F ilid d l í ti i tit i l l í d2,- Facilidad logística e institucional para el envío de muestras en frío.

YxÄ|é atä|wtw ç

ixÇàâÜÉáÉ T©É aâxäÉ

Muchas Gracias

14

12/17/2009

Proyecto de Contaminación Costera, Guatemala.

Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y FarmaciaFacultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia

Bessie Oliva

Avances el proyecto

• Ubicación de sitios de muestreo 

Avances del proyecto

• Muestreo de reconocimiento, Diciembre 2008.

Colecta de peces, Diciembre 2008

Avances del proyecto

• Identificación

Avances del proyectoMuestreo Enero 2009Quehueche – 7 Altares

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12/17/2009

Avances del proyectoMuestreo Enero 2009

Faro Rojo

Avances del proyectoMuestreo Enero 2009

Livingston

Colecta de peces Octubre 2009Posibles fuentes de contaminantes

orgánicos persistentes• Motaguilla: Cercano a afluente de rio Motagua (Plantaciones de banano, 

piña y otros)

• Punta de Manabique:

• Cabo Tres Puntas:

• Canal  (Faro Rojo)

• 7  Altares

• King Fish

Estatus y planes

• Se cuentan con peces de 6 sitios de muestreoque corresponden al primer muestreo. Secolectó un total de 50 peces de diferentestamañostamaños.

• La segunda colecta de peces se espera realizardurante enero de 2010.

Problemas y obstáculos

• Mal tiempo

• Lluvia

• Marea alta

• Robo de equipo en estación de muestreo

16

12/17/2009

Cambio de sitios de muestreo

• Inicialmente se propusieron sitios ubicados en donde ya no existe coral

• Se buscaron otros sitios en donde queda coral aunque en muy poca cantidadaunque en muy poca cantidad

• Arte de pesca: anzuelo (Se ha mantenido )

Gracias por su atención

17

12/17/2009

Update on White Grunt Update on White Grunt Sampling and Monitoring Sampling and Monitoring

ProgramProgram in Hondurasin HondurasKay BoddenKay Bodden

Sampling done (11/11/2008 – 12/11/2008)

6 sites

At each site, three fish were sampled

Sampling Design Sampling Design

Fish sampled “white grunt”, Haemulon plumieri. Size Range captured: 84 – 1680 g and 18 –40 cm

resultados de monitoreo.docx

SSAMPLINGAMPLING SITESSITES

SITIO

Zona Portuaria / Omoa

Rio Lean / Tela

Rio Cangrejal / Ceiba

Barra del Ulúa / Puerto Cortes

Barra del Chamelecón / Puerto Cortes

Barra del Motagua /

3- 5 g of dorsal muscle from collected fish.Individually wrapped and stored frozen until shipment . Legal paper work to sent samples

SSAMPLEAMPLE PREPARATIONPREPARATION ANDANDPROBLEMSPROBLEMS FOUNDFOUND ALONGALONG THETHE WAYWAY

Legal paper work to sent samplesLong paper work (as it was for commerce)

ShipmentThe permission was necessaryThere´s only one company what gives the serviceand it doesn´t has cool roomThe package stayed in Guatemala more than itwas expected and reached Mexico on a weekendThe sample ruined

CONCLUSIONS ON SAMPLING

There were good amount of fish at the sampled sitesLegal paper work to move tissue across borders delayed the shipment of fish.delayed the shipment of fish.The experience gained with the first sampling and preparation of the samples made easier the second one

o Problems found for sending the samples to Mexico made us think in using a differentway

¡¡THANKS FOR YOURATTENTION

18

12/17/2009

Jamaica’s Sampling Efforts

Sharlene Williams National Environment and 

Pl i A

Tony Greenaway Department of Chemistry, 

Th U i it f th W t I di Planning Agency.The University of the West Indies, Mona.

Eight sampling sites.

Round 1:Contacted and meet with fishermen at each selected site.

To start we went out with the fishermen but catching the fish was difficult.

Left cool boxes, plastic bags and h f h d h instructions with fishermen and they

called when the fish were caught.

Went to collect them or, later had couriers carry them to us.

Collected from all sites except Kingston Harbour and vicinity.

Caught in traps or by speargun

Started at 4 sites using the same fishermen and sending

Round 2

coolbox and instructions and having the caught fish sent to campus by courier.

Have fish from one site to date but generally difficult to get action.

Remaining four sites will require revisiting. From A. Hayman, 2004

Thank you

19

12/17/2009

Contact person and Contract

Past –MeetingStatus

Difficulties

José Juan Dominguez Calderón -CONANP

Faltaban dos sitios por colectar Holbox y Mahahual,

Muestras almacenadas en Cancún y Chetumal

Se utilizaron arpones, líneas de

d

Dificultades para coordinar a los colectores,

Confusión al asignar el código de cada pez.

Mucha variabilidad en las fechas,

S l

2008

mano y cañas de pescar, el arpón es el mas usado.

Se colectaron otras especies.

Dificultades operativas del responsible.9 sites

Contact person and Contract

Status Difficulties

José Juan Dominguez Calderón –CONANP

Se colectaron muestras de 6 sitios:•Isla Mujeres•Cancún•Puerto Morelos•Cozumel•Tulum•Punta Allen

Faltaron 5 sitios:•Holbox•Puerto Aventuras

2° Oportunidad

1° Colectores mejoraron en identificación de especie y asignación de código del sitio.

Disminución en la Variabilidad de fechas.

DIFICULTADESMe-3-

Me-4-

Me-5-

Me-6- Me-7-

Me-10-Tulum

Puerto Aventuras

2009

•Puerto Aventuras•Mahahual•Chinchorro•Xcalak

Primeras muestras se deterioraron por fallas eléctricas.

Se utilizaron arpones, líneas de mano y cañas de pescar, el arpón es el mas usado.

DIFICULTADES

Fallo de colectores en sitios faltantes.

Fallo de responsable para hacer otra ronda de colección de muestras.

Falto una persona con tiempo disponible

11 sites

POSIBLES FUENTES DE COP Y STP

FLUJOS DE AGUA O CORRIENTES

MUESTRAS/FUENTE, FLUJO

1 .- Agriculturade Riego ytemporal decaña de azúcar.

2 .- Ingenioazucarero.

3 .- Cría decerdos y aves.

4 .- Cría deganado

5 .- Desarrollourbano con

i d

A .- Río Hondo, frontera con Belice, y con nacimiento en Guatemala

B .- Sistema cárstico, con flujos subterráneo, sin escurrimientos superficiales permanentes.

ME-3-/3, 5, B

ME-4-/5, 6, 7, B

ME-5-/3, 5, 6, B

ME-6-3, 5, 6, B

ME 7 /Me-3-

Me-4-

Me-5-

Me-6- Me-7-

Me-10-Tulum

Puerto Aventuras

2009

tratamiento deaguasresidualesinsuficiente

6 .- Desarrollocostero de altoimpacto,campos de Golfyjardinería.

7 .- Muelle decruceros

ME-7-/3, 5, 6, B

ME-10-/3, 5, 6, B

11 sites

20

12/17/2009

CARIBBEAN COASTAL POLLUTION PROJECT

Thomas Nelson

Fisheries Biologist

Department of Fisheries

Ministry of Agriculture, Lands, Forestry and Fisheries

SAINT LUCIA

Sites and Habitat Types

Site 1

Site 6

Site 5

ReefReef and seagrassSoft substrate/mud

Site 4

Site 3 Site 2

Potential Pollutant Sources

Site 1

Site 6

Site 5

Agriculture

Industries

River outlet

Site 4

Site 3 Site 2

Ships

Potential Pollutant Sources

Methodology

• Local fishers were contacted and fuel was 

given as compensation

• Baited traps locally know as “Fish Pots” were 

used for capture

• Pots were soaked for 3‐5 days and then 

retrieved

• Samples were collected, biological data 

recorded  

• Samples were kept on ice until delivered to 

the CEHI lab 

• Samples processed and stored

Samples collected

Site No. Site Name Number of Fish

1 Castries Harbour 9

2 Vieux Fort (Near Airport) 7

3 Vieux Fort (Black Bay) 6

4 Fond D’or 9

5 Ciceron 0

6 Roseau 9

21

12/17/2009

Challenges/Issues??

• Lack of/inadequate equipment to measure environmental condition

• Inclement weather conditions hindering fish catch

• Difficulty in obtaining samples because they were not abundant, resulting in multiple sampling attempts 

• Non conducive habitat/environment for fish

• Lack of personnel, supplies, equipment and storage capacity at the CEHI lab

• Constraints with the timely delivery of samples to the lab 

In the Future• Agencies such as the Department of Fisheries should be 

involved from the inception and at all levels of project

• Consideration should be given to allow the Department of Fisheries to do the preliminary preparation and storage

– Requires further training of Department’s staff 

R i t f l b i t d– Requires procurement of necessary lab equipment and supplies

• Other parameters should be considered as indicators for POPs and PTSs since fish may not be fool proof/always available

• It would be useful to extend the sampling sites since there are other sites near potential sources of pollutants 

Merci

22

Status of 2009 Haemulon plumieri(white grunt) sampling

Presented by Wendy Norville, Institute of Marine Affairs

UNU-INWEH FINAL REPORTINGWORKSHOPCaribbean Coastal Pollution Project

2-3 December 2009, Montego Bay, Jamaica

Overview

Sampling Sites

Sample Collection

Method of Capturep

General Land-Use

Challenges

Country Presentation- Trinidad & Tobago 2

Sampling Sites

Trinidad1. Chaguaramas (NW)2. Matura (E)

3. Ortoire(E)3. Ortoire(E)4. Moruga (S)

Tobago5. Charlotteville (NE)*6. Mount Irvine (SW)*

Country Presentation- Trinidad & Tobago 3

Sample Collection

Site Collection Date

Chaguaramas (Trinidad) 5th Nov

Eight samples collected per site (120-250g)

Chaguaramas (Trinidad) 5 Nov

Matura (Trinidad) 27th Oct

Ortoire (Trinidad) 27th Oct

Moruga (Trinidad) 4th Nov

Country Presentation- Trinidad & Tobago 4

1 2

6

5

Country Presentation- Trinidad & Tobago 5

3

4

Method of Capture

Moruga: “banking”

Other sites: “fish pots”

Country Presentation- Trinidad & Tobago 6

23

General Land-UseStation Land-use

Port/ harbour

Golf course

Oil & gas fields off south east

coast

Shipbuilding & repair facilities

Agricultural zone

Near river

outlet

Chaguaramas x x (x) (x)

Matura x (x)

Ortoire x x x

Moruga x (x) x

Charlotteville x (x) (x)

Mount Irvine x (x) (x)

Challenges

Shipping (2008)FedEx- transit time to Jamaica: 3-4 working days (US FDA prior notice needed )

FedEx Trinidad not used to shipping FedEx Trinidad- not used to shipping perishables (initial consent, procedure/ requirements)

Caribbean Airlines, IMA’s broker, Government Ministries- conflicting requirements

Country Presentation- Trinidad & Tobago 8

Challenges

Sampling (2009)Species not readily available at some locations

○ SW Trinidad, Tobago

R d ti i fi hi ff t Reduction in fishing effort

○ seismic surveys; boat repairs

Same locations as in 2008

○ location, time, contact, method of capture?

Country Presentation- Trinidad & Tobago 9

Status of 2009 Haemulon plumieri(white grunt) sampling

Presented by Wendy Norville, Institute of Marine Affairs

UNU-INWEH FINAL REPORTINGWORKSHOPCaribbean Coastal Pollution Project

2-3 December 2009, Montego Bay, Jamaica

24

12/17/2009

Caribbean Coastal Pollution Project (CCPP)

Completed Analyses to date

Trinidad6 samples (6 sites)

St. Lucia5 samples (5 sites)5 samples (5 sites)

Jamaica7 samples (7 sites)

Belize26 samples (5 sites)

1

10

100

Con

cent

ratio

n w

et w

eigh

t)

PCB Concentrations by Country

U.S. Most Restrictive Fish Consumption Advisory Trigger 50 ug/kg

0.01

0.1

Tota

l PC

B(u

g/kg

Jamaica St. Lucia Trinidad Belize

Concentrations◦ PCB concentrations in white grunt dorsal muscle

samples low in all countries examined thus farminimum triggers 10x, max triggers 500 x lower

◦ Partly related to low lipid content of dorsal muscle◦ Partly related to low lipid content of dorsal muscle in this species:

0.30±0.07 %

◦ Similar concentrations as determined in oyster biomonitors 0.4 – 4 ug/kg wet weight.

PC

B17

+18

PC

B31

/28

PC

B33

PC

B52

PC

B49

PC

B44

PC

B70

+76

PC

B66

+95

PC

B101

PC

B99

PC

B87

PC

B110

PC

B15

1+18

2P

CB1

49P

CB1

18P

CB1

53P

CB

105+

132

PC

B138

PC

B158

PC

B187

PC

B183

PC

B128

PC

B173

PC

B15

6+17

1P

CB1

80P

CB1

91P

CB

170+

190

PC

B201

PC

B19

5+20

8P

CB1

94P

CB2

05P

CB2

06P

CB2

09

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

PCB1

7+18

PCB3

1/28

PCB3

3PC

B52

PCB4

9PC

B44

PCB7

0+76

PCB6

6+95

PCB1

01PC

B99

PCB8

7PC

B110

PCB1

51+1

82PC

B149

PCB1

18PC

B153

PCB1

05+1

32PC

B138

PCB1

58PC

B187

PCB1

83PC

B128

PCB1

73PC

B156

+171

PCB1

80PC

B191

PCB1

70+1

90PC

B201

PCB1

95+2

08PC

B194

PCB2

05PC

B206

PCB2

09

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

% P

CB

Com

posi

tion

35

35

Jamaica St. Lucia

PC

B17

+18

PC

B31

/28

PC

B33

PC

B52

PC

B49

PC

B44

PC

B70

+76

PC

B66

+95

PC

B10

1P

CB

99P

CB

87P

CB

110

PCB1

51+1

82P

CB

149

PC

B11

8P

CB

153

PCB1

05+1

32P

CB

138

PC

B15

8P

CB

187

PC

B18

3P

CB

128

PC

B17

3PC

B156

+171

PC

B18

0P

CB

191

PCB1

70+1

90P

CB

201

PCB1

95+2

08P

CB

194

PC

B20

5P

CB

206

PC

B20

9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

% P

CB

Com

posi

tion

PC

B17

+18

PC

B31

/28

PC

B33

PC

B52

PC

B49

PC

B44

PC

B70

+76

PC

B66

+95

PC

B10

1P

CB

99P

CB

87P

CB

110

PCB1

51+1

82P

CB

149

PC

B11

8P

CB

153

PCB1

05+1

32P

CB

138

PC

B15

8P

CB

187

PC

B18

3P

CB

128

PC

B17

3PC

B156

+171

PC

B18

0P

CB

191

PCB1

70+1

90P

CB

201

PCB1

95+2

08P

CB

194

PC

B20

5P

CB

206

PC

B20

9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

X A i Titl

Trinidad Belize

PCB1

7+18

PCB3

1/28

PCB3

3PC

B52

PCB4

9PC

B44

PCB7

0+76

PCB6

6+95

PCB1

01PC

B99

PCB8

7PC

B110

PCB1

51+1

82PC

B149

PCB1

18PC

B153

PCB1

05+1

32PC

B138

PCB1

58PC

B187

PCB1

83PC

B128

PCB1

73PC

B156

+171

PCB1

80PC

B191

PCB1

70+1

90PC

B201

PCB1

95+2

08PC

B194

PCB2

05PC

B206

PCB2

09

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

% P

CB

Com

posi

tion

35

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

Con

cent

ratio

ns (u

g/kg

)

Jamaica

Jamaica & Trinidad – Oysters (O’Connor)

PC

B17

+18

PC

B31

/28

PC

B33

PC

B52

PC

B49

PC

B44

PC

B70

+76

PC

B66

+95

PC

B10

1P

CB

99P

CB

87P

CB

110

PCB1

51+1

82P

CB

149

PC

B11

8P

CB

153

PCB1

05+1

32P

CB

138

PC

B15

8P

CB

187

PC

B18

3P

CB

128

PC

B17

3PC

B156

+171

PC

B18

0P

CB

191

PCB1

70+1

90P

CB

201

PCB1

95+2

08P

CB

194

PC

B20

5P

CB

206

PC

B20

9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

% P

CB

Com

posi

tion 0

0.05

PCB1817 PCB70 PCB99 PCB15182 PCB153 PCB158 PCB128 PCB170 PCB194PCB congeners

Trinidad

25

12/17/2009

Congener Profiles◦ Jamaica, Trinidad and Belize dominated by lower

congener profilesSimilarities with profiles observed in oyster samples (O’Connor)(O Connor)

◦ St. Lucia greater abundance of higher KOW PCBs, possibly different source profile? More data required.

Aldrin

endri

n

dieldr

in

um C

hlorda

nes

sum D

DTs

sum H

CH'sHCB

mirex

sum P

CBs

0

2

4

Con

cent

ratio

n (u

g/kg

wet

wei

ght)

Aldrin

endri

n

dieldr

in

um C

hlorda

nes

sum D

DTs

sum H

CH'sHCB

mirex

sum PCBs

0

2

4

6

8

10

Con

cent

ratio

n (u

g/kg

wet

wei

gt)

Jamaica St. Lucia

su su

Aldrin

endri

n

dieldr

in

sum C

hlorda

nes

sum D

DTs

sum H

CH'sHCB

mirex

sum P

CBs

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

Con

cent

ratio

n (u

g/kg

wet

wei

ght)

Aldrin

endri

n

dieldr

in

sum C

hlorda

nes

sum D

DTs

sum H

CH'sHCB

mirex

sum P

CBs

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

Con

cent

ratio

n (u

g/kg

wet

wei

ght)

Trinidad Belize

Chemical Jamaica St. Lucia Trinidad Belize Advisory Trigger

Aldrin 0.4±0.10.7 max

0.3±0.20.9 max

0.1±0.060.4 max

0.03±0.010.1 max

300

Endrin 0.2±0.10.6 max

0.06±0.040.2 max

0.4±0.31.4 max

0.1±0.051.2 max

300

Dieldrin <0.010.02 max

0.1±0.050.3 max

0.5±0.42.1 max

2.7±1.849 max

300

∑Chlordanes+ heptachlor

0.8±0.11 2 max

3.6±2.714 3 max

2.9±1.58 7 max

0.06±0.010 1 max

300, 5620p 1.2 max 14.3 max 8.7 max 0.1 max

∑ DDTs 0.2±0.080.6 max

0.3±0.10.6 max

1.0±0.52.6 max

0.5±0.37.9 max

5000

∑ HCHs 0.8±0.21.4 max

5.8±2.212.7 max

3.2±2.011.1 max

0.03±0.010.2 max

100, 300

HCB 0.1±0.030.2 max

0.1±0.040.2 max

0.4±0.21.1 max

0.03±0.010.3 max

10*, 100

∑PCBs 1.8±0.65.1 max

2.4±1.06.4 max

2.5±0.43.9 max

0.6±0.11.7 max

50, 2000

10

wet w

eigh

t) sum DDTs Dieldrin sum PCBs

Bacala

r Chic

o

Caye C

aulke

r

South

Water

Port Hun

duras

Sapod

illa Cay

es0.01

0.1

1

Con

cent

ratio

n (u

g/kg

Belize◦ No significant spatial patterns in sum PCBs (p>0.9),

sum DDTs (p>0.3), dieldrin (p>0.6) across sites◦ Variable Dieldrin concentrations

highest at Sapodilla Cayes should be verifed by GC-MSD

Only a small portion of designated samples completed to date◦ Jamaica, St. Lucia, Trindidad, Belize◦ Still Expecting: Honduras, Guatemala, Mexico

Dominican Republic No major hot-spots identified from completed samplesAll POPs compounds in white grunt dorsal muscle low relative to fish consumption advisory triggers◦ Partly due to low trophic position and lipid conent

of chosen bioindicator species

26

12/17/2009

Some QA issues flagged◦ E.g non-replicated high dieldrin samples, consider re-

examination by GC-MSD and/or re-extractionSmall QA issues in PCB congener profiles noticed◦ E.g. Mistaken identity of 138 vs. 158◦ Stochastic values of PCB 52 in St. Lucia Samples◦ Have little effects on overall interpretation but suggestHave little effects on overall interpretation, but suggest

need for careful chromatogram reading and attention to QALow concentrations make blank interferences a problem◦ Clean lab techniques, glassware washing protocols neededSRMs (NIST Lake Michigan Fish) need to now be routinely adopted with each batch of samples

27

12/17/2009

1

Biomarkers in the white grunt (Haemulonplumieri) and levels of organic pollutants

in sediments from the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef

Gerardo Gold-BouchotMarine Geochemistry LaboratoryMarine Resources Department

Cinvestav Unidad MeridaMexico

FinaL Reporting Workshop,Montego Bay 2009

Coauthors

Leticia Alpuche-Gual (now at EPOMEX, Campeche)Victor Ceja-MorenoDolly Espínola-PantíMa. Eulalia Chan-Cocom

The Mesoamerican Barrier Reef •Second longest barrier reef in the world•Very high biodiversity•Multicultural• Three languages• Spanishp• English• Garifuna

•Was declared a marine protected area by four countries• Mexico• Belize• Guatemala• Honduras

The Mesoamerican Barrier Reef

•Threatened by:•Overpopulation

T i

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•Tourism•Fisheries•Raw sewage•Etc.

MethodsThe MBRS Sinoptic Monitoring Program includes the analysis of pollutants and biomarkers:

Indicator species: White GruntWhite Grunt (Haemulon plumieri, Lacepéde, 1801).Cholinesterase activity in muscle, brain and liverGlutathion transferasePAHs metabolites in bile.Lipid peroxidation

MethodsPollutants in fish liver

and sediments.HydrocarbonsPAHsOrganochlorinesP ti id

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PesticidesPCBsPollutants in liver will not

be presented here13 sites for fishFive fish per site41 sites for sedimentsIn triplicate

28

12/17/2009

2

FACs in bile(High Molecular Weight)

1,1 Catoche Cuevones A Colombia Xcalak S Water P Manabique0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1,0

1,1

Pyre

nes

and

Benz

o(a)

Pyre

nes

(ug/

mL)

OH-Pyr OH-B(a)Py

México Belice Guatemala Honduras

Country

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1,0

,

Pyre

nes

and

Benz

o(a)

Pyre

nes

(ug/

mL)

OH-Pyr OH-B(a)Py

Contoy P Morelos Niche Caulker Sapodilla Utila

Site

FACs in bile(High Molecular Weight)

1,1 Catoche Cuevones A Colombia Xcalak S Water P Manabique0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1,0

1,1

Pyre

nes

and

Benz

o(a)

Pyre

nes

(ug/

mL)

OH-Pyr OH-B(a)Py

México Belice Guatemala Honduras

Country

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

0,8

0,9

1,0

,

Pyre

nes

and

Benz

o(a)

Pyre

nes

(ug/

mL)

OH-Pyr OH-B(a)Py

Contoy P Morelos Niche Caulker Sapodilla Utila

Site

Highest values in Guatemala

FACs in bile . . .(Low Molecular Weight)

220Catoche

ContoyCuevones

P MorelosA Colombia

NicheXcalak

CaulkerS Water

SapodillaP Manabique

Utila

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

Nap

htha

lene

s an

d Ph

enan

thre

nes

(ug/

mL)

OH-Napht OH-Phen

México Belice Guatemala Honduras

Country

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Nap

htha

lene

s an

d Ph

enan

thre

nes

(ug/

mL)

OH-Napht OH-Phen

Site

FACs in bile . . .(Low Molecular Weight)

220Catoche

ContoyCuevones

P MorelosA Colombia

NicheXcalak

CaulkerS Water

SapodillaP Manabique

Utila

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

Nap

htha

lene

s an

d Ph

enan

thre

nes

(ug/

mL)

OH-Napht OH-Phen

México Belice Guatemala Honduras

Country

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Nap

htha

lene

s an

d Ph

enan

thre

nes

(ug/

mL)

OH-Napht OH-Phen

Site

Highest values in Guatemala

Carboxylesterase

400 CatocheContoy

CuevonesP Morelos

A ColombiaNiche

XcalakCaulker

S WaterSapodilla

P ManabiqueUtila

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

CbE

Act

ivity

México Belice Guatemala Honduras

Country

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

CbE

Act

ivity

Site

Carboxylesterase

400 CatocheContoy

CuevonesP Morelos

A ColombiaNiche

XcalakCaulker

S WaterSapodilla

P ManabiqueUtila

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

CbE

Act

ivity

México Belice Guatemala Honduras

Country

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

CbE

Act

ivity

Site

Highest values in Belize

29

12/17/2009

3

Acetylcholinesterase

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

AChE

-C

México Belice Guatemala Honduras

Country

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

AChE

-C

CatocheContoy

CuevonesP Morelos

A ColombiaNiche

XcalakCaulker

S WaterSapodilla

P ManabiqueUtila

Site

50

Acetylcholinesterase

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

AChE

-C

México Belice Guatemala Honduras

Country

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

AChE

-C

CatocheContoy

CuevonesP Morelos

A ColombiaNiche

XcalakCaulker

S WaterSapodilla

P ManabiqueUtila

Site

50

Highest values in Belize

Glutathion s-Transferase

4,0

CatocheContoy

CuevonesP Morelos

A ColombiaNiche

XcalakCaulker

S WaterSapodilla

P ManabiqueUtila

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

GST

Act

ivity

México Belice Guatemala Honduras

Country

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

GST

Act

ivity

Site

Glutathion s-Transferase

4,0

CatocheContoy

CuevonesP Morelos

A ColombiaNiche

XcalakCaulker

S WaterSapodilla

P ManabiqueUtila

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

GST

Act

ivity

México Belice Guatemala Honduras

Country

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

GST

Act

ivity

Site

Highest values in MexicoAnd Belize

Lipid Peroxidation

CatocheC t

CuevonesPM l

A ColombiaNi h

XcalakC lk

S WaterS dill

P ManabiqueUtil

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

Lipi

d Pe

roxi

datio

n

Contoy P Morelos Niche Caulker Sapodilla Utila

Site

México Belice Guatemala Honduras

C t

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

Lipi

d Pe

roxi

datio

n

Lipid Peroxidation

CatocheC t

CuevonesPM l

A ColombiaNi h

XcalakC lk

S WaterS dill

P ManabiqueUtil

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

Lipi

d Pe

roxi

datio

n

Contoy P Morelos Niche Caulker Sapodilla Utila

Site

México Belice Guatemala Honduras

C t

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

Lipi

d Pe

roxi

datio

n Highest values in Belize

30

12/17/2009

4

Sediments PAHs

Beliz

e R

Cre

ek R

Key

Cau

lker

Bahí

a C

hetu

mal

Baca

lar

Chi

co R

Xcal

akPu

nta

Alle

nN

iche

Jab

inAr

reci

fe C

olom

bia

Coz

umel

Bojo

rque

zP

Mor

elos

Cue

vone

sC

onto

yC

Cat

oche

Utila

Ree

fU

tila T

Cei

baTe

laU

lúa

Cha

mal

ecón

Qui

limac

oO

moa

Mot

agua

Río

Esc

ondi

doSa

nto

Tom

ásR

ío D

ulce

Sars

toon

RC

abo

3 Pu

ntas

Sapo

dilla

Key

sPl

asce

ncia

S W

ater

key

sC

oroz

alB

Che

tum

al S

outh

B C

hetu

mal

Cen

ter

B C

hetu

mal

Nor

th

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

PAH

s (u

g/g)

LMW PAHs HMW PAHs

10

LMW PAHsSite

Belice Bel-Mex México Honduras Guatemala

Country

-2

0

2

4

6

8

PAH

s (u

g/g)

HMW PAHs

PAHs

Beliz

e R

Cre

ek R

Key

Cau

lker

Bahí

a C

hetu

mal

Baca

lar

Chi

co R

Xcal

akPu

nta

Alle

nN

iche

Jab

inAr

reci

fe C

olom

bia

Coz

umel

Bojo

rque

zP

Mor

elos

Cue

vone

sC

onto

yC

Cat

oche

Utila

Ree

fU

tila T

Cei

baTe

laU

lúa

Cha

mal

ecón

Qui

limac

oO

moa

Mot

agua

Río

Esc

ondi

doSa

nto

Tom

ásR

ío D

ulce

Sars

toon

RC

abo

3 Pu

ntas

Sapo

dilla

Key

sPl

asce

ncia

S W

ater

key

sC

oroz

alB

Che

tum

al S

outh

B C

hetu

mal

Cen

ter

B C

hetu

mal

Nor

th

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

PAH

s (u

g/g)

LMW PAHs HMW PAHs

10

LMW PAHsSite

Belice Bel-Mex México Honduras Guatemala

Country

-2

0

2

4

6

8

PAH

s (u

g/g)

HMW PAHs

Belize and Sarstoon riversCancunCabo Tres Puntas

Pesticides

2 6

2,8

HCHs

Beliz

e R

Cre

ek R

Key

Cau

lker

Bahí

a C

hetu

mal

Baca

lar C

hico

RXc

alak

Punt

a Al

len

Nic

he J

abin

Arre

cife

Col

ombi

aC

ozum

elBo

jorq

uez

P M

orel

osC

uevo

nes

Con

toy

C C

atoc

heU

tila R

eef

Utila

TC

eiba

Tela

Ulú

aC

ham

alec

ónQ

uilim

aco

Om

oaM

otag

uaR

ío E

scon

dido

Sant

o To

más

Río

Dul

ceSa

rsto

on R

Cab

o 3

Punt

asSa

podi

lla K

eys

Plas

cenc

iaS

Wat

er k

eys

Cor

ozal

B C

hetu

mal

Sou

thC

hetu

mal

Cen

ter

B C

hetu

mal

Nor

th

-0,20,00,20,40,60,81,01,21,41,61,82,02,22,42,62,8

HCHs Chlordanes Drins Endosulfans

Belice Bel-Mex México Honduras Guatemala

C t

-0,2

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4

1,6

1,8

2,0

2,2

2,4

2,6 HCHs Chlordanes Drins Endosulfans

A B B C B

Site

Pesticides

2 6

2,8

HCHs

Beliz

e R

Cre

ek R

Key

Cau

lker

Bahí

a C

hetu

mal

Baca

lar C

hico

RXc

alak

Punt

a Al

len

Nic

he J

abin

Arre

cife

Col

ombi

aC

ozum

elBo

jorq

uez

P M

orel

osC

uevo

nes

Con

toy

C C

atoc

heU

tila R

eef

Utila

TC

eiba

Tela

Ulú

aC

ham

alec

ónQ

uilim

aco

Om

oaM

otag

uaR

ío E

scon

dido

Sant

o To

más

Río

Dul

ceSa

rsto

on R

Cab

o 3

Punt

asSa

podi

lla K

eys

Plas

cenc

iaS

Wat

er k

eys

Cor

ozal

B C

hetu

mal

Sou

thC

hetu

mal

Cen

ter

B C

hetu

mal

Nor

th

-0,20,00,20,40,60,81,01,21,41,61,82,02,22,42,62,8

HCHs Chlordanes Drins Endosulfans

Belice Bel-Mex México Honduras Guatemala

C t

-0,2

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4

1,6

1,8

2,0

2,2

2,4

2,6 HCHs Chlordanes Drins Endosulfans

A B B C B

Site

Technical LindaneCiclopentaqdienesChetumalSouthern Belize and Guatemala

PCBs

8

Beliz

e R

Cre

ek R

Key

Cau

lker

ahía

Che

tum

alca

lar C

hico

RXc

alak

Punt

a Al

len

Nic

he J

abin

cife

Col

ombi

aC

ozum

elBo

jorq

uez

P M

orel

osC

uevo

nes

Con

toy

C C

atoc

heU

tila R

eef

Utila

TC

eiba

Tela

Ulú

aC

ham

alec

ónQ

uilim

aco

Om

oaM

otag

uaR

ío E

scon

dido

Sant

o To

más

Río

Dul

ceSa

rsto

on R

Cab

o 3

Punt

asSa

podi

lla K

eys

Plas

cenc

iaS

Wat

er k

eys

Cor

ozal

hetu

mal

Sou

thet

umal

Cen

ter

hetu

mal

Nor

th

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

PCBs

Belice Bel-Mex México Honduras Guatemala

Country

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

PCBs

Ba Bac

Arre R C S S

B C

hB

Che

B C

h

Site

31

12/17/2009

5

PCBs

8

Beliz

e R

Cre

ek R

Key

Cau

lker

ahía

Che

tum

alca

lar C

hico

RXc

alak

Punt

a Al

len

Nic

he J

abin

cife

Col

ombi

aC

ozum

elBo

jorq

uez

P M

orel

osC

uevo

nes

Con

toy

C C

atoc

heU

tila R

eef

Utila

TC

eiba

Tela

Ulú

aC

ham

alec

ónQ

uilim

aco

Om

oaM

otag

uaR

ío E

scon

dido

Sant

o To

más

Río

Dul

ceSa

rsto

on R

Cab

o 3

Punt

asSa

podi

lla K

eys

Plas

cenc

iaS

Wat

er k

eys

Cor

ozal

hetu

mal

Sou

thet

umal

Cen

ter

hetu

mal

Nor

th

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

PCBs

Belice Bel-Mex México Honduras Guatemala

Country

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

PCBs

Ba Bac

Arre R C S S

B C

hB

Che

B C

h

Site

Rio Dulce and Chetumal

DDTs

Beliz

e R

Cre

ek R

Key

Cau

lker

ahía

Che

tum

alca

lar

Chi

co R

Xcal

akPu

nta

Alle

nN

iche

Jab

inec

ife C

olom

bia

Coz

umel

Bojo

rque

zP

Mor

elos

Cue

vone

sC

onto

yC

Cat

oche

Utila

Ree

fU

tila T

Cei

baTe

laU

lúa

Cha

mal

ecón

Qui

limac

oO

moa

Mot

agua

Río

Esc

ondi

doSa

nto

Tom

ásR

ío D

ulce

Sars

toon

RC

abo

3 Pu

ntas

Sapo

dilla

Key

sPl

asce

ncia

S W

ater

key

sC

oroz

alhe

tum

al S

outh

etum

al C

ente

rhe

tum

al N

orth

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

DD

Ts

Belice Bel-Mex México Honduras Guatemala

Country

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

DD

Ts

Ba Bac

Arre R C S S

B C

hB

Che

B C

h

Site

DDTs

Beliz

e R

Cre

ek R

Key

Cau

lker

ahía

Che

tum

alca

lar

Chi

co R

Xcal

akPu

nta

Alle

nN

iche

Jab

inec

ife C

olom

bia

Coz

umel

Bojo

rque

zP

Mor

elos

Cue

vone

sC

onto

yC

Cat

oche

Utila

Ree

fU

tila T

Cei

baTe

laU

lúa

Cha

mal

ecón

Qui

limac

oO

moa

Mot

agua

Río

Esc

ondi

doSa

nto

Tom

ásR

ío D

ulce

Sars

toon

RC

abo

3 Pu

ntas

Sapo

dilla

Key

sPl

asce

ncia

S W

ater

key

sC

oroz

alhe

tum

al S

outh

etum

al C

ente

rhe

tum

al N

orth

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

DD

Ts

Belice Bel-Mex México Honduras Guatemala

Country

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

DD

Ts

Ba Bac

Arre R C S S

B C

hB

Che

B C

h

Site

Hot spot in Belize RiverXcalakChetumal

Conclusions• Most biomarkers indicate that the most impacted area

is in or near the Gulf of Honduras– Southern Belize and Guatemala

• Contaminant profiles generally agree with this pattern– Hotspots in Cancun, Chetumal Bay (Xcalak-Bacalar

Chico), Sapodilla Keys

• Some biomarker patterns are not explained by pollutant patterns

– There are other stressors not considered in this study

• Main concerns are DDTs, Lindane and Ciclopentadienes

Thanks!

Questions, comments, complains, etc.:[email protected]

32

12/17/2009

Monitoring DatabaseMonitoring Database

Caribbean Coastal Pollution Project Caribbean Coastal Pollution Project (CCPP) (CCPP) 

Hanneke Van Lavieren

White Grunt Monitoring Database 

2009: The Institute of Watershed Science, Trent University developed: CCPP Database for Phase 1

MS‐Access 2003 ‐ Access’ Visual Basic for Applications• relational Database Management System‐ non‐

ti lspatial• most are familiar with software• no cost (most people already have it)• efficient storage, retrieval, maintenance and reporting of both analytical data and project metadata

• disseminate and share these data among the partner countries

White Grunt Monitoring Database Input: • Data on the concentrations of > 35 different POPs compounds from approx 200 samples of fish from 8 countries

• Intern: entered fish collection data from the field ll ti h t 190 l d i ticollection sheets ‐ 190 sample descriptions

• The UWI Mona, CINVESTAV (and Trent University and University of Windsor laboratories) responsible for entering analysis data

• Analytical data entered by regional labs into a standardized Excel spreadsheet

Products/Documents

• Central database file

• Test database file

• Database Reference Manual

• Excel analysis data sheets 

• Table of relationships data layers – cascade

Sample tables

Sample prep table

“look‐up”  (LU)  tables

Meta data –sample Batch table

Sample Analytical Data

33

12/17/2009

BZ004‐003‐CIN‐001 (country, location, fish, lab for analysis, 

li t )

Query1

OriginalSampleID SampleIDBZBC01  BZ007‐001‐CIN‐001BZBC02  BZ007‐002‐CIN‐001BZBC03  BZ010‐003‐CIN‐001BZBC04  BZ010‐004‐CIN‐001BZBC05 BZ009‐001‐CIN‐001BZCC01  BZ008‐001‐CIN‐001BZCC02  BZ008‐002‐CIN‐001BZCC03 BZ008‐003‐CIN‐001replicate) BZCC03  BZ008 003 CIN 001BZCC04  BZ008‐004‐CIN‐001BZCC05  BZ008‐005‐CIN‐001BZCC06  BZ008‐006‐CIN‐001BZEC 01  BZ003‐001‐CIN‐001BZEC 02  BZ003‐002‐CIN‐001BZEC 03 BZ003‐003‐CIN‐001BZEC 04  BZ003‐004‐CIN‐001BZEC 05 BZ003‐005‐CIN‐001BZPH 01  BZ004‐001‐CIN‐001BZPH 02  BZ004‐002‐CIN‐001BZPH 03  BZ004‐003‐CIN‐001

DatabaseDatabase

Data Challenges

• Data on PCBs (37 congeners)• Data on organochlorine pesticides (23 compounds)

Problem:High probability of losing data; difficult to share the dataSolution:

• Data base modules:– Sample descriptions (codes, fish, locations, etc.)– Sample preparation descriptions (sample wt., milestones for prep)– Sample batch descriptions (what samples were analyzed together)– Analytical data for white grunt, CRMs and blanks– Data retrieval

Solution:Develop a data base

• Important to regularly Back up files

• Keep and save the “source files”

• Stored on personal computer‐ when transfer to other user and/or computer – transfer entire database folder (ensure links maintained)

Next? • Phase 2 (long‐term): Centralized Internet based DB

• Spatially enable data  ‐ interactive mapping appl.• Show trends and relationshipsS ft ?• Software? 

• GIS is an inexpensive and robust solution• Internet‐based application will require server setup and administration on top of the actual application development process

• Server requires maintenance

34

12/17/2009

Baseline MonitoringProblems encountered

Hanneke Van Lavieren

Problems encounteredProblems encountered

1) Delays contracts: (identifying who to partner with, getting signatures, payments) ensure quicker turn around

2) Lack of dedicated freezers/storage: risk of accidental discarding of samples by others - dedicated freezer for samples in this project – control of storage area- correct and clear labelling

3) Electricity problems storage: loss of samples - UPS back up; generator; storage at home

4) Finding White grunt at sampling sites: problems with ID, or simply not found at sites- catch other grunt species

Problems encounteredProblems encountered5) Delays in collecting datasheets: delays in sending them to Hanneke - ensure sheets are filled in straight after sampling and sent directly to Hanneke when sampling is complete

6) Delays in delivery GC ECDs – delay in license, delivery -no solution

7) Sending fish samples across the Caribbean: fed- ex rules and procedures; delay in receiving necessary documents; import permits; dry ice; customs and clearance – delay (samples thawed – smelly rotten fish) - ensure all clear with fed ex prior to sending; use ice packs; ensure no commercial value on letter

8) Analysis: standard reference material and blank with each batch

9) Database: code errors and data entry issues: follow guidance; standard format; correct coding; re-do comparison; correct coding; re do comparison;

10) And things we can’t help: Guatemala: Marine field station burned down by rebels against the government

35

12/18/2009

Laboratory Upgradesand Trainingand Training

Laboratory Upgrades

• Focus on regional laboratories:– UWI Mona, Jamaica– CINVESTAV, Mexico

• New gas chromatographs with electron capture detectors (Agilent 6890) and autosamplers– Intended to improve analytical

sensitivity and sample throughput – Installed at UWI Mona in June, 2009– Installation pending at CINVESTAV

• Christmas present?

Training in Canada 2009• Focus on regional laboratories• Training at Trent University andUniversity of Windsor in March, 2009 (2 weeks)

Preparative methodsChromatographic methodsCalibration and limits of detectionData interpretationQuality control/quality assurance

• Follow up visit to UWI Monaby K. Drouillard in June, 2009

• Inter-lab comparison with tuna CRM completed August, 2009Report by K. Drouillard

Instructional Video

• Shipping frozen fish between countries is problematic

• Easier to ship extractsInstr ctional ideo prepared on “cold col mn”• Instructional video prepared on “cold column” extraction of fish tissues– Spanish and English versions– Microsoft media player format– Includes lab safety and fish tissue preparation methods– 15 minutes in length– First step in training of other labs in WCR on POPs analysis

36

12/17/2009

Implementing the Baseline Implementing the Baseline POPS Monitoring ProgramPOPS Monitoring Program

&& InterlaboratoryInterlaboratory AssessmentAssessment& & InterlaboratoryInterlaboratory AssessmentAssessment Lab Field

Risk Assessment / Data InterpretationRisk Assessment / Data Interpretation(Source Control or Ecosystem Health?)

Data Gaps

Sampling Design(Question???)

DatabaseManagement

Inter-Lab.QA/QC Lab Field (Question???)

Field SamplingProgram

(QA/QC, SOPs,Chain of Custody)Laboratory

Facilities, StaffLab. QA/QC

Sample Analysis

QA/QC

Laboratory Laboratory -- FacilitiesFacilities• Agreed upon Models

– Regional Instrumental/Analytical Facilities (Phase I)• Instrument procurement

• Method trials/validation/detection limits

• Inter-laboratory comparison

• Quality manual/documentation/QA Review

• Sample extraction/Analysis

– Regional Instrumental Facilities + Independent Sample Processing Facilities (Phase II)

• Maximizes instrument time (bottleneck = sample processing)

• Less need to negotiate sample processing priorities at instrument facilities

• More difficult QA/QC needs (QA Manager) processing facilities need regular feedback

– Blanks and contamination problems on-site

Laboratory Laboratory –– FacilitiesFacilitiesRegional Instrument FacilitiesRegional Instrument Facilities• Priorities for regional instrument facilities

– Staff – Laboratory manager + technicians

– Laboratory with Quality Assurance Program

– Analytical Instruments • GC-ECD – redundancy of units

• GC-MSD – validation of difficult samples

– Sample Processing facilities

Laboratory StaffLaboratory StaffLaboratory Head

Quality Manager Laboratory ManagerQuality Manager Laboratory Manager

Technicians

*Quality Manager/Laboratory Manager Sometimes CombinedRequires permanent, full time position staffed with qualified personnel (BSc or MSc level)Quality Manager Must Be Independent of Technicians

Laboratory StaffLaboratory Staff• Quality Manager –Regional Coordinator?

– At presently – independently by conducted by GLIER/Trent– Need to transition this to another regional facility ???

– Oversee Quality Projects– Reviews and Updates Laboratory Quality Programsy y g– Reviews method validation results, quality control charts – Reviews data output– Can be shared across multiple-labs– Role in database management?

37

12/17/2009

Laboratory Quality Assurance Laboratory Quality Assurance ProgramProgram

•Quality Manual•Specifies Quality Assurance Program•Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) written•Related Procedures written

•Quality Assurance = Auditing Components•Use of SOPs to ensure data consistency •Demonstrate method validation & method detection limits•Maintain complete records of sample receipt, analysis, instrument calibration, control charts, data archiving (storage of and access to chromatogram files, raw areas and calculaton spread sheets)•Reporting of Non-conformances and Corrective Actions

•Quality Control •Procedures put in place to monitor data quality

•Calibration of instruments (balances, analytical instruments etc.)•Analysis of certified reference materials•Blanks, Surrogate Recovery Standards, Sample Duplicates•Produce Quality Control Charts•Participation in Inter-laboratory Comparisons

Quality Control Procedures Specific to POPs Analysis

• Method validation & method validation checks– Spiking & recovery of representative

matrices (triolein) – Measuring & reporting analysis of SRMs– Determining method detection limits and

periodic (e.g. 1/year) re-assessment of them

– Determining linear range of method

Quality Control Procedures Specific to POPs Analysis

• BEST PRACTICES…• Certified analytical standards

• UNU-INWEH Supplied PCB, OC-Pesticide standards

• Surrogate recovery standardsg y• UNU-INWEH Supplied PCB-#30

• Certified Reference Samples• UNU-INWEH Supplied NIST SRM 1974 – Lake Michigan Fish Tissue• Run with each batch• Maintain database of CRM performance over time

• Sample Blanks (every batch)• Sample Duplicates (randomized every 2 batches)

Inter-laboratory Comparison Exercise

• IAEA Tuna homogenates (CRM)– Certified homogenate run in replicate by

Trent, GLIER, Mona, CIVESTAVTrent, GLIER, Mona, CIVESTAV– Contrast Laboratory Performance Against

Certified Values– Compare lab results for target chemicals

Target Compounds• OC-Pesticides• Aldrin• ∑chlordanes cis-chlordane, trans-chlordane, oxy-chlordane• ∑DDTs o,p’-DDD, p,p’-DDD, o,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDE, o,p’-DDT, p,p’-

DDT• Dieldrin• Endrin• Heptachlor• cis-heptachlorepoxide• trans-heptachlorepoxide• Mirex• ∑PCBs = 17/18, 28/31, 33, 44, 49, 52, 70, 74, 82/151, 87, 66/95, 99, 101,

105/132, 110, 118, 128, 138,149,153, 156/171, 158, 170, 177, 180, 183, 187,191, 194,195/208,199/201,205, 206, 209

10

100

CRV GLIER TrentCINVESTAV

Mona

(ng/

g we

t wei

ght)

Inter-laboratory Comparison PCBs

PCB

#18

PCB

#17

PCB

#18+

17PC

B #3

1PC

B #2

8PC

B #3

1+28

PCB

#33

PCB

#52

PCB

#49

PCB

#44

PCB

#74

PCB

#70

PCB

#95

PCB

#101

PCB

#99

PCB

#87

PCB

#110

PCB

#151

PCB

#149

PCB

#118

PCB

#153

PCB

#132

PCB

#105

PCB

#132

+105

PCB

#138

PCB

#158

PCB

#138

+158

PCB

#187

PCB

#183

PCB

#128

PCB

#177

PCB

#156

PCB

#180

PCB

#170

PCB

#201

PCB

#208

PCB

#195

PCB

#195

+208

PCB

#194

PCB

#205

PCB

#206

PCB

#209

0.1

1

Conc

entra

tion

(

38

12/17/2009

Inter-laboratory Comparison OCs

10

100 CRV GLIER TrentCINVESTAV

Mona

tion

(ng/

g)

aldr

in

trans

chl

orda

ne

cis

chlo

rdan

e

oxyc

hlor

dane

p,p'

-DD

E

o,p'

-DD

E

p,p'

-DD

D

o,p'

-DD

D

diel

drin

endr

in

hetp

achl

or

hept

achl

or e

poxi

de A

hexa

chlo

robe

nzen

e

Mire

x

g-H

CH

0.1

1Conc

entra

t

Internal Standard Recovery –Mona Lab

100

110

120

Mona

lab)

7/18

/191

09

8/7/

1910

9

8/27

/191

09

9/16

/191

09

10/6

/191

09

10/2

6/19

109

11/1

5/19

109

12/5

/191

09

60

70

80

90

% R

ecov

ery P

CB 3

0 (M

Inter-laboratory Comparison Exercise

• Next Steps • Method validation & Documentation

– Each lab document method validation and method detection limitsmethod detection limits

– Formalized assessment of SRMs within and between laboratories (NIST 1974 SRM)

• External Laboratory audit of QA Procedures• Entry into Round-robin comparisons

Regional Laboratory QA ProgramRegional Laboratory QA Program

• External audits of regional laboratories– Performed by independent quality managers– Documentation of QA/QC, quality control charts

etc.Develop cross regional quality assessment• Develop cross regional quality assessment reports

• Participation in international round-robin testing programs

• Needs to be formalized between two regional labs…

Database ManagementDatabase Management• Centralized repository for data

– Currently being maintained at Trent University• Receives – QA checked data from regional

facilities– Harmonization of external QA Management and

Database Management???• Data security/accessibility to project PI’s

– Need to sort out data ownership issues– Confidentiality and cross region data sharing

39

12/17/2009

Experiences and difficulties with extractions, analyses, database etcy

Raymond R. ReidPesticide Research LaboratoryDepartment of Chemistry

University of the West IndiesMona, Kingston, Jamaica, W.I.

Instrument Failure

• Initially, we had problems detecting POPs with our instrument because of detector problems. 

h bl di d i i d h• The problem was discussed in Mexico and the decision was made to allocate a new instrument to our laboratory. This was received and installed in June 2009.

Delay in instrumental analysis

• While waiting on the arrival of the new instrument, extraction of the CRM was done and the extracts were stored.  We normally do not store extracts but analyse them as soon as possible (within days) in order to prevent any p ( y ) p ypossible loss.

• We decided not to extract the fish samples from Jamaica until the results for the CRM analyses were available. 

• SRM was received in October, 2009.

Shortage of Extraction Apparatus 

• The department is presently out of “stop cocks” and so our glass glower could only make three sets of glassware for sample extraction. These include columns for sodium sulfate and florisilcleanup. So, for a batch of six samples, extraction p , p ,is done in two batches. 

• It takes 6‐12 weeks to import these items.• Hoping to double the number of extraction apparatus by next year. The cost of each “stop cock” is about US$100.

Need for UPS

• We have been experiencing frequent power cuts some of which lasted for a few minutes. The new instrument (GC‐ECD) which is designated for the UNEP project has no UPS and as a result, a number of the instrumental analyses had to be repeated.

• Solution: We are in the process of seeking financial assistance in order to purchase a 2.5 KVA UPS.

Re‐training of staff due to resignation 

• We had to recruit a new analyst who we had to train which took away some of the time which we would normally used for chemical analysesanalyses.

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12/17/2009

Delay in sample arrival

• As explained earlier, Trinidad had encountered shipping problems. So, we had to re‐schedule our analysis plan since we have other commercial samples to analysecommercial samples to analyse.

THANK You.

MUCHAS GRACIAS.

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