SPAIN

Presented and Planned by: Kim Keller

Alesha PrinceKatie Poniatowski

David Holzen

The Kingdom of

Demographics Area: 504, 782 square km

Death Rate: 9.9 deaths per 1,000 Birth Rate: 9.72 births to 1,000Age Structure:

0-14 years – 14.5%15-64 years – 64.4%65+ years – 18.1%

0.072% growth rate (primarily due to immigration)4.1 deaths to 1,000 live births 76% of population is Roman Catholic GDP (PPP) $34,60017.5% unemployment as of 2009

1814 to 1833: During reign of Fernando VII, Spanish colonies of America gain their independence, except Cuba and Puerto Rico.

1873 to 1874: The First Republic. The Republic deals w/ war in Cuba, the third Carlist war. General Pavia dissolves the Cortes and establishes the government of General Serrano.

Spain History

1874: General Martinez Campos rises in Sagunto and proclaims the restoration of the Bourbons under Alfonso XII.

1876 to 1878: Defeat of Carlism, which brings end to ten year war in Cuba

1895: The Cuban war of independence breaks up.

Spain History Cont.

1898: War w/United States puts end to Spanish colonial empire: Cuba, Puerto Rico and Philippines

1914 to 1918: Spain remained neutral in the First World War

1936 to 1939: Military rising in Morocco, headed by General Francisco Franco, spreads starting the Spanish Civil War. Republicans lose.

1939 to 1945: Spain stayed out of WW2

1955: Agreement between US and Soviet Union lets Spain enter the United Nations

1956: Sidi Mohamed ben Yusef, Moroccan Sultan, reaches agreement w/ Franco to end Spanish protectorate over Morocco.

1958: Spanish government hands over Tarfaya (an area in the South of Morocco)

1968: Spain grants Equatorial Guinea its independence (October 12th).

1969: Territory of Ifni handed over to Morocco. Border w/ Gibraltar is closed.

1973: Head of the government, Luis Carrero Blanco, is assassinated in the bombing attack by Basque separatist organization

1976: New Government proposes a bicameral Cortes and requests that workers be allowed to organize their own unions apart from the 'vertical syndicates'.

1978: Spain became a Parliamentary Monarchy.

Recent Events in Spain

1980: The Basque Country and Catalonia legally decome autonomous regions.

2002: Batasuna, the political wing of the Basque terrorist organization ETA, was banned.

2004: Spain suffered its most horrific terrorist attack: 191 people were killed and 1,400 were injured in bombings at Madrid's railway station.

2005: Despite strong opposition from the Catholic Church, Spain legalized gay marriage

Recent Events Cont.

Executive Branch- King

• Chief of State: King Juan Carlos I▫Figurehead of the Country of Spain

1978– Relinquished absolute power 1981– Attempted military coup

▫Duties: Commander in Chief of the Armed

Forces On Christmas Eve gives national

speech Travels across Spain and World

representing Government of Spain.▫All rolls of King are purely

Ceremonial

President/Prime Minister

• Jose Luis Rodriguez ZapateroApril 17, 2004- present

▫ Elected by Congress of Deputies ▫ Indirectly elected by legislature ▫ Constitutional right to dissolve

Cortes

Maria Teresa Fernandez De La Vega

Duties Takes posistion of President when temporaly

absent Usually handpicked by the Prime Minister from

the members of the Cabinet

Vice President and Minister of Presidency

Second Vice President

Elena SalgadoApril 2009- present

She is also the Minister of Economy and Finance

Duties:▫ Manage the economic status of the

nation

LEGISLATIVE BRANCHSpain directly elects a legislature, the Cortes Generales (General Courts).

This court consists of two chambers: The Congress of Deputies (Congreso de los Diputados) The Senate (Senado). --There are two essential differences between the two houses. •The first is by way of electoral practice. Both are elected on a provincial basis. The number of seats in Congress is allocated in proportion to population. •The second difference is in legislative power. With few exceptions, every law is approved with the votes of Congress. The Senate can make changes or refuse laws but the Congress can ignore these amendments.

Congress and Senate serve concurrent terms that run for a maximum of four.

•The president of the Court is appointed by the King on proposal of General Council of the Judiciary.

•The Council consists of the president of the Supreme Court, who presides, andtwenty members appointed by the King for a five-year period.

•Members are nominated by the Congress of Deputies and the Senate.

•Each House elects, by a majority of three-fifths of its members, four members from lawyers and other legal experts of recognized professional standing with more than fifteen years of active service in their profession.

•Each House nominates also by a three-fifths majority, a further six members chosen from judges and magistrates of all judicial categories currently in active service.

LEGISLATIVE CONT.

JUDICIAL BRANCH•Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo

•Organic Law of the Judiciary, of July 1st 1985, establishes operation and control of Courts and Tribunals, together with the statute and system of incompatibilities of the members of the General Council

•Its functions: appointments, promotions, inspection and the disciplinary system.

•Spanish territory is divided for jurisdictional purposes in: Municipalities (municipios)

•Judicial Districts (partidos judiciales), Provinces (provincias) and Autonomous Communities (Comunidades Autonomas).

Judicial Branch Cont.

• In addition, Spanish law is based on civil law with judicial review.

• Justice derives from people and is administered on behalf of the King by judges and magistrates of the Judiciary.

• Supreme Court of Justice is the highest jurisdictional body of the State, except in maters relating to constitutional guarantees, which are incumbent on Constitutional Court.

Spain’s Bureaucracy

•“Red tape” has surrounded the country since Spain's existence.

•It has become culturally normal and a way of life for the Spanish to have to fill paperwork out.

•To live there you must has a residency visa (for out of country) This does not permit you to work in Spain.

Bureaucracy Cont.

•“Applying for a Spanish residence visa is as fruitless as trying to ride a bicycle to the moon.”

•Taxes are levied by three tiers of government: the central government, autonomous regional governments and local municipalities

•Till recently, Tax evasion was an encouraged way of life.

Political Parties

•Spanish Socialist Workers Party ▫Partido Socialista Obrero Espanol

PSOE•Oldest political party in Spain•Founded by Pablo Iglesias 1879•First time in power was during 2nd

Republic• Spain's leading opposition party

Political Parties Cont.

• Communist Party of Spain▫Partido Comunista de Espana

PCE• Formed during revolutionary upsurge following WWI• In the mid-1950s, the PCE began vigorous efforts to

break out of its isolation and adapted policies designed to bring together a broad coalition of parties

• end of the Franco era the PCE, under the leadership of Santiago Carrillo, was the most effective political organization in Spain.

• dogmatic Marxism reduced its appeal for the electorate

Political Parties Cont.

• Popular Alliance ▫ Alianza Popular

AP• Conservative right wing party• founded in 1976 by former Franco ministers under the

leadership of Fraga• perceived by the electorate as both reactionary and

authoritarian• elections were held in June 1977, the AP garnered only 8.3

percent of the vote• Teamed up with numerous other smaller parties in hopes

to gain power. epic failure

Political Parties Cont.

•Democratic and Social Center ▫Centro Democratico y Social

CDS•Formed October 1982 by Suarez•The new centrist party fared poorly in the

October general elections, gaining only two parliamentary seats.

•Known for mudslinging

•Minority groups have a number of descendants of populations from former colonies especially Equatorial Guinea

•Immigrants from several Sub-Saharan and Caribbean countries.

•Modern Jewish community in Spain has been formed in three waves: migration from what was formerly Spanish Morocco, the flight of Jews escaping from Nazi oppression, and immigration from Argentina.

•Spanish law allows Sephardi Jews to claim Spanish citizenship.

•The arrival of the Gitanos, a Romani people, began in the 16th century; estimates of the Spanish Gitano population fluctuate around 700,000

•Distinct cultural groups within Spain include the Basques, Catalans, and Galicians.

•Increasing number of Muslims, who number approximately one million in Spain

•“Shared identity" between the more local level or Autonomous Community and the Spanish level makes the identity question in Spain complex and far from univocal.

•Founding member of the European Union in 1993 and signed the Maastricht Treaty.

•After return of democracy following the death of Franco in 1975, broke out of the diplomatic isolation of the Franco years and expand diplomatic relations, enter the European Community, and define security relations with the West.

•Member of NATO since 1982

•Spain's EU membership represents an important part of its foreign policy.

•With the normalization of diplomatic relations with North Korea in 2001, Spain completed the process of universalizing its diplomatic relations.

•Spain has maintained its special identification with Latin America.

Economy

• The Basque country and Catalonia are the Spanish economy´s main industrial regions and just five of Spain's provinces (Barcelona, Biscay, Madrid, Navarre and Oviedo, all situated in the north and east) produce over half the country's industrial output.

• Has had a dramatic increase in unemployment, totaling to almost 17.5%

•Catholic 76%

•Non-religious 19%

•Islam 2.3%

•Judaism .1%

•Others 1.7%

•54% rarely or never go to church

•15% go to church a few times per year

•10% a few times per month

•19% attend church every Sunday or multiple times per week

•About 22% of the entire Spanish population attends religious services at least once per month

The Languages of Spain Basque (2%) in the Basque Country and Navarre (blue)Catalan (17%) in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands (lavender)Galician (7%) in Galicia (cream)

Spanish is the official language (red)

Parliamentary Monarchy

Definition: A state headed by a monarch who is not actively involved in policy formation or implementation (i.e., the exercise of sovereign powers by a monarch in a ceremonial capacity); true governmental leadership is carried out by a cabinet and its head - a prime minister, premier, or chancellor - who are drawn from a legislature (parliament).

Much like the system of Great Britain

Spain Facts

•Spain has established itself as a major participant in multilateral international security activities

•Spain has been an effective example of transition from dictatorship to democracy for formerly non-democratic South American states, as shown in the many trips that Spain's King and Prime Ministers have made to the region.