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• Primary effects Ground shaking, tilting, and ground rupture Loss of life and collapse of infrastructure Landslides, liquefaction, and tsunamis • Secondary effects Fires, floods, and diseases Effects of Earthquakes (1)

Primary effects Ground shaking, tilting, and ground rupture Loss of life and collapse of infrastructure Landslides, liquefaction, and tsunamis Secondary

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Page 1: Primary effects Ground shaking, tilting, and ground rupture Loss of life and collapse of infrastructure Landslides, liquefaction, and tsunamis Secondary

• Primary effects Ground shaking, tilting, and ground rupture Loss of life and collapse of infrastructure Landslides, liquefaction, and tsunamis

• Secondary effects Fires, floods, and diseases

Effects of Earthquakes (1)

Page 2: Primary effects Ground shaking, tilting, and ground rupture Loss of life and collapse of infrastructure Landslides, liquefaction, and tsunamis Secondary

• Depending upon the frequency of seismic waves Body waves (P and S) having higher frequency

than surface waves High frequency waves posing more threats on

low structures Low frequency waves posing more impact on tall

structures High frequency waves attenuated faster over

distance, higher buildings far away from the epicenter can be damaged

Effects of Earthquakes (2)

Page 3: Primary effects Ground shaking, tilting, and ground rupture Loss of life and collapse of infrastructure Landslides, liquefaction, and tsunamis Secondary
Page 4: Primary effects Ground shaking, tilting, and ground rupture Loss of life and collapse of infrastructure Landslides, liquefaction, and tsunamis Secondary

Surface displacement along strike-slip fault: 2

Page 5: Primary effects Ground shaking, tilting, and ground rupture Loss of life and collapse of infrastructure Landslides, liquefaction, and tsunamis Secondary

Stanford University,

Geology Quad,1906 Earthquake

Page 6: Primary effects Ground shaking, tilting, and ground rupture Loss of life and collapse of infrastructure Landslides, liquefaction, and tsunamis Secondary

Fault rupture

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ChiChi, Taiwan, 1999

Fotos from geot.civil.metro-u.ac.jp/ archives/eq/99taiwan/

Page 7: Primary effects Ground shaking, tilting, and ground rupture Loss of life and collapse of infrastructure Landslides, liquefaction, and tsunamis Secondary

Ground Amplification

Page 8: Primary effects Ground shaking, tilting, and ground rupture Loss of life and collapse of infrastructure Landslides, liquefaction, and tsunamis Secondary

Liquefaction

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Nijgata earthquake, 1964 Ml7.5

Ismitz, turkey, 1999

Fotos from USGS web site

Page 9: Primary effects Ground shaking, tilting, and ground rupture Loss of life and collapse of infrastructure Landslides, liquefaction, and tsunamis Secondary

Liquefaction

Chichi, 1999

Fotos from geot.civil.metro-u.ac.jp/ archives/eq/99taiwan/

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Page 10: Primary effects Ground shaking, tilting, and ground rupture Loss of life and collapse of infrastructure Landslides, liquefaction, and tsunamis Secondary

Landslides

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Chichi earthquake 1999

Page 11: Primary effects Ground shaking, tilting, and ground rupture Loss of life and collapse of infrastructure Landslides, liquefaction, and tsunamis Secondary

Kingston and Port Royal Jamaica 1692

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Page 12: Primary effects Ground shaking, tilting, and ground rupture Loss of life and collapse of infrastructure Landslides, liquefaction, and tsunamis Secondary

Faults in San FranciscoBay Area

Page 13: Primary effects Ground shaking, tilting, and ground rupture Loss of life and collapse of infrastructure Landslides, liquefaction, and tsunamis Secondary

Damage to San Francisco from 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake

Page 14: Primary effects Ground shaking, tilting, and ground rupture Loss of life and collapse of infrastructure Landslides, liquefaction, and tsunamis Secondary

Damage to Bay Bridge from 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake

Page 15: Primary effects Ground shaking, tilting, and ground rupture Loss of life and collapse of infrastructure Landslides, liquefaction, and tsunamis Secondary

Faults in Los Angeles

Page 16: Primary effects Ground shaking, tilting, and ground rupture Loss of life and collapse of infrastructure Landslides, liquefaction, and tsunamis Secondary

Damage from 1994 Northridge, CA earthquake

Page 17: Primary effects Ground shaking, tilting, and ground rupture Loss of life and collapse of infrastructure Landslides, liquefaction, and tsunamis Secondary
Page 18: Primary effects Ground shaking, tilting, and ground rupture Loss of life and collapse of infrastructure Landslides, liquefaction, and tsunamis Secondary

Failure of Van Norman Dam from 1971 San Fernando Earthquake

Page 19: Primary effects Ground shaking, tilting, and ground rupture Loss of life and collapse of infrastructure Landslides, liquefaction, and tsunamis Secondary

Failure of freeway overpasses during 1971 San Fernando Earthquake