Process equipment design Materials Selection 7-02-13

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

Lecture on materials selection in equipment design in chemical engineering for undergraduate students - fundamental principles and procedures

Citation preview

  • Chapter 2

    MATERIALS SELECTION

    for EQUIPMENT

    ChE514 Chemical Reactor and Process Equipment Design

  • Chapter 2 Objectives Analyze material performance requirements for a given application

    Propose alternative materials of construction for a particular piece of equipment given the performance requirements and application

    Screen and rank viable materials candidates

    construction for a particular piece of equipment given the performance requirements and application

  • Chapter 2 Outlinei. Introduction to Materials Selectionii. Materials & Their Attributesiii. The Nature of the Selection Processiv. Analysis of the Material Performance

    Requirements & Creating AlternativeSolutions

    v. InitialScreening of Solutionsvi. Comparing & Ranking Alternative

    Solutionsvii. Selecting the Optimum Solutionviii. Commonly used materialsof construction

    in the processindustries

  • We Already Knew

  • Classification of Materials According

    to the Way Atoms are Bound

    Materials

    Metals

    Semiconductors Ceramics

    Polymers

  • Materials may be Evolutionary

    or Revolutionary

    Throughout history materials have limited design.

  • MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

    MATERIAL

    PROPERTIES

    STRUCTURE

    Atomic bonding

    Crystal structure

    Defect structure

    Microstructure

    Macrostructure

    SERVICE

    PERFORMANCE

    Stresses

    Corrosion

    Temperatures

    Radiation

    Vibration

    Materials

    Science

    Materials

    Engineering

  • Performance

    cost

    Tetrahedron of Materials Science & Engineering Approach

    A: CompositionB: Microstructure

    C: Synthesis & Processing

  • Application of the tetrahedron of materials science and engineering to

    semiconducting polymers for microelectronics

  • The Design Process and

    Materials Selection

  • Interrelationship of Factors in Design (M. Ashby)

    Goal of Design: To create products that perform their

    function economically, safely,at acceptable cost

  • The (Mechanical) Design Process

  • Materials Selection is a subset of Mechanical Design.

    Mechanical Design

    Materials Selection

  • What is Materials Selection?

    General Objective

    To select the material which will most

    economically fulfill the process and

    mechanical requirements .

    General Considerations in the Selection

    Process

    characteristics of the system

    characteristics and general behavior of

    materials

    SELECTION involves seeking the best match between the

    property -profile of materials in the kingdom and that

    required by the design!

  • Property-Profile

    Asetof materialattributeswhichinclude:

    Mechanical, thermal, electrical and chemical

    properties

    Processingcharacteristics

    Costandavailability

    Environmentalconsequencesof itsuse

  • Materials Selection is determined by Function

    Function

    Process

    Shape

    Material

    Material

    Attributes:

    Physical,

    mechanical,

    thermal,

    electrical,

    environmental,

    economic

    properties

    By its shape

  • The Role of Materials Selection in Mechanical Design

  • Design and Materials Selection

    Interrelationship among design, materials, and

    processing

    DESIGN

    Service conditions

    Function

    Cost

    PROCESSING

    Equipment Selection

    Influence on properties

    Cost

    MATERIALS

    Properties

    Availability

    Cost

  • Process Environment/Conditions

    Temperature Pressure

    pH

    Presence of trace impurities

    Amount of aeration

    Stream velocity and agitation

    Heat transfer rates

  • Economics in Materials Selection

    True long term cost calculationstotal cost of fabricated equipment and

    piping

    total installation cost

    service life

    maintenance costs: amount and timing

    time and cost requirements to replace or

    repair at the end of service life

    cost of downtime to replace and repair

    cost of inhibitors, extra control facilities,

    etc., required to assure achievement of

    predicted service life

    time value of money

    factors which impact taxation

    (depreciation and tax rates)

    inflation rate

  • Materials & Their Attributes