Professor Young's letter to the NFB

8/14/2019 Professor Young's letter to the NFB

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h`tir*hi( olmut t!i eosi (ht! ki, (!he! (i o'riid (os o kmri oeeurotiririsi`tothm` m t!i eosi o`d k+ riosm`s mr (mrh`' m` t!hs eosi.

) t!o` +mu mr +mur emèhchotmr+ ormoe! tm k+ emèir`s, lut (!hci (ohth`'tm rieih*i t!i ro( mmto'i kotirhoc rmk +mu, ) (os olci tm mltoh` t!rmu'! o`

oeeiss tm h`mrkothm` ri;uist t!muso`ds um` t!muso`ds m o'is m i-kohcs, rmmsocs o`d mt!ir dmeuki`tor+ kotirhocs ricoth`' tm t!i rmduethm`m t!hs hck. 0i'rittolc+, t!i ri*hi( m t!isi kotirhocs ri*iocs t!ot t!irmlcik (os (mrsi t!o` hrst hko'hìd. =mur mir, t!mu'! odkhrolci, `m(siiks tm li o` hòdi;uoti rism`si tm t!i rmlcik. Os ) mccm(id t!i i-kohc t!riods co``h̀ ' o`d riorh`' mr t!hs km*hi, ht lieoki riodhc+oori`t t!ot t!i hckkoirs !o*i ko`hucotid o`d usid lmt! t!i @G o`dk+sic tm od*oèi o mchtheoc o'i`do.

2!i hckkoirs7 e!ottir ri*iocs o sh`'ci-kh`did h`ti t̀ tm od*oèi t!i ecohksm olmchthm`hsts, o`d, h` ortheucor, tm rmkmti t!i odmthm` m t!i /(idhs!

kmdic 4h.i o ci'oc ri'hki h` (!he! t!i lu+ir ocmì hs erhkhòch>id h`tm t!iEoòdho` ci'hscoth*i co`dseoi. 2!i m`c+ riosm` t!i hckkoir e!msi tmhècudi t!i em`sthtuthmòc e!occi`'i h` t!hs hck (os tm koi t!i hck oiortmheoc o`d Eoòdho`, o`d tm sieuri ecmsi tm F?,666,666 h` @G u`dh`'.Ossukh`' t!ot o km*hi itmch`' t!i *hrtuis m co( rimrk h` /(idi` oetuocc+hts (ht!h` t!i ko`doti m t!i @G, ) (mucd `mt !o*i t!mu'!t t!ot 'm*ir`ki`tu`ds (mucd li usid mr mchtheoc cmll+h`' dhs'uhsid os dmeuki`tor+-koh`'.

)` ch'!t m t!i dmeuki`tor+ i*hdièi (!he! ) !o*i ri*hi(id, ) ok (rhth`' t!hscittir tm rm*hdi +mu (ht! o ditohcid mutchì m t!i oets ) ok ric+h`' um` tmdikm`stroti t!i tmtoc coe m h`ti'rht+ o`d it!heoc em`duet h` t!i koh`' m

u+h`' /i. ) ok smrr+ mr t!i ci`'t! m t!hs cittir lut ) (o`t t!hs cittir tmririsi`t o emkciti o`d emkri!i`sh*i riemrd m t!i shtuothm`. 2m t!oti`d, ) !o*i iècmsid (ht! t!hs cittir t!i ri*hmus t(m cittirs si`t tm t!irmdueir o`d dhrietmr iorchir t!hs +ior. ) (o`t t!i riemrd tm li emkciti smt!ot +mu (hcc !o*i o` h`mrkid loshs um` (!he! tm diehdi (!it!ir +mu (hs!tm toi oethm` tm oddriss k+ emèir`s. )` oddhthm ,̀ os ) ki`thmìd ot murkiith`', ) ok sthcc em`shdirh`' ci'oc oethm` o`d t!hs cittir (hcc rm*hdi k+emu`sic (ht! o loshs mr ditirkh`h`' (!it!ir eh*hc oethm` hs (orro`tid h` t!iehreukstoèis. cthkotic+, ) (mucd riir tm !o*i t!i @G rmmsi o smcuthm`,(!he! kh'!t hècudi o cittir m omcm'+, t!i msth`' m t!hs cittir m` +mur

(ilshti o`d t!i h`sirthm` m o dhsecohkir ot t!i li'h``h`' m t!i hck. ) cio*iht h` +mur !o`ds tm rmmsi o smcuthm` mèi +mu !o*i !od o` mmrtu`ht+ tmri*hi( t!i em`ti`ts m t!hs cittir. $m(i*ir, h `mt!h`' emèriti o`dkio`h`'uc hs rmmsid l+ @m*iklir 3, <6?5 ) (hcc (hdic+ dhssikhòti t!hscittir o`d t!i` em`shdir t!i kirhts m h`hthoth`' eh*hc rmeiidh`'s.

) ok truc+ smrr+ tm lurdi` +mu (ht! t!hs rmlcik o`d ht oh`s ki tm si`dthki (mrh`' m` t!i riorothm` m t!i cittir: !m(i*ir, t!hs hs o sirhmus

Voni < mg <7



kottir. M emursi ) ok irsmòcc+ mi`did o`d !urt l+ t!i dieihtucossosshòthm` m k+ e!oroetir mr `m oori`t riosm` mt!ir t!o` tm od*oèio mchtheoc mshthm` !o*h`' `mt!h`' tm dm (ht! t!i Lidgmrd eosi. ut t!irmlcik ru`s diiir t!o` t!i h`ti`t tm doko'i k+ riutothm`. )` koh̀ 't!hs ti`di`thmus dmeuki`tor+, t!i @G !os lrioe!id hts stotutmr+ ko`doti

tm rmduei, dhstrhluti o`d tm rmkmti t!i rmduethm` o`d dhstrhluthm` mhcks dish'ìd tm h`tirrit Eoòdo tm Eoòdho`s o`d tm mt!ir òthm`s4#<thm`< ?h O9t 0./.E. ?L9, e. @-, s.L4o. Os ) (hcc dhseuss licm(, o hckt!ot itmcs t!i co(s m o`mt!ir òthm` (!hci emkcitic+ khsririsi`th`' t!iòturi o`d uèthm` m t!i Eoòdho` em`sthtuthmòc co`dseoi eciorc+ hs `mt ohck dish'ìd tm h`tirrit Eoòdo tm Eoòdho`s o`d tm mt!ir òthm`s.

/odc+, h` e!mmsh`' tm kor'hòch>i o`d trh*hoch>i t!i eosi, o`d t!msi ossmehotid(ht! t!i eosi, t!i hckkoirs !o*i shcièid t!i *mheis m si (mrirs (!m dm`mt sulserhli tm t!i mchtheoc *hi(s ismusid l+ +mur hck suliets, 2rhs!othi o`d Jo`hì iìdit. Em`tror+ tm mucor lichi, h` t!i diloti m*ir t!i

uturi m si (mr, t!i olmchthm`hsts !o*i oc(o+s smi` t!i cmudist (ht!oeeiss tm 'm*ir`ki`t u`ds mr t!ihr *orhmus ossmehothm`s o`d mr'o`h>othm`s./i (mrir ossmehothm`s o`d si (mrirs (!m (hs! tm rikm*i sth'ko o`dh`trmduei meeuothmòc !ioct! o`d soit+ kiosuris h`tm t!ihr (mr ori roric+!iord o`d dm `mt !o*i oeeiss tm rismureis, 'm*ir`ki`t mr rh*oti, tmod*oèi t!ihr mshthm`. 2!hs em`sthtuthmòc e!occi`'i (os mì m t!i hrstmmrtu h̀this mr t!isi *mheis tm li !iord h` o ulche mruk o`d t!ihckkoirs koò'id tm shcièi t!isi *mheis (ht! t!i ohd m F?,666,666 h`'m*ir`ki`t u`dh`'.

)` tur h̀`' tm t!i i*hdièi, ) (hs! tm `mti t!ot ) usi t!i irisshm`hckkoirs tm riir emccieth*ic+ tm t!i mccm(h̀ ' imciD O`ìtti Ecori4Irmdueir: 0o*hdo &h̀ 4Irmdueir: 2iriso Koe)̀ ìs o`d i`t @osm`4dhrietmrs: o`d Ko`rid ieir 4idhtmr. $m(i*ir, (!i` ) dhrietc+ ;umti rmko` i-kohc mr mt!ir dmeuki`t, ) siehheocc+ hdi`th+ t!i sioir h` o mmt`mti.) s!mucd ocsm `mti t!ot dishti rieih*h`' *mcukh`mus dhsecmsuri m dmeuki`tst!iri (iri sthcc ko`+ dmeuki`ts !icd loe mr ridoetid h` oeemrdoèi (ht!t!i O99iss tm 7`gmr<thm` O9t . Oeemrdh`'c+, +mu ko+ (hs! tm ri*hi( occo*ohcolci i-kohcs, emrrism`dièis o`d kikmro`do tm ditirkhì h t!i `m`-dhsecmsid dmeuki`ts ci`d sumrt, mr u`direut, t!i emècushm`s ) !o*irioe!id losid um` k+ ri*hi( m t!i dhsecmsid dmeuki`ts o`d ro( mmto'i.

!" #$i %&m'uthm` m( –Luyh`n Uix‛

)` coti <66L, 2iriso Koe)̀ ìs o`d O`ìtti Ecori (iri (mrh`' m` t!idi*icmki`t m o km*hi i`thtcidD K+ &ou'!tir hs `mt mr /oci. Os O`ìttiEcori stotid m` @m*iklir 9, <66LD

Voni 5 mg <7



"hs hs issi`th<y < 2rmstht8thm` stmry, 2rm2msid :y "iris<

$<97`ìs <`d Ai`t #<sm`, <`d h`s2hrid :y "iris<1s i<rhir

gh "ii` 3i:i"ii` $m <`d ir m`-;mh̀ ; 06 yi<r

ri<thm`sh2 =ht mì mg ti tii` ms, "rhs< L<2thi! Mvir

ti s2<` mg %. yi<rs "rhs< <s hvid ti hgi mg <:8sid

d<8;tir, h`stht8thm`<hFid tii`, tii` m, <d8t 2rmstht8ti, 9hthFi` m8r`<hst d8rh`; ti (h9atm` trh<s, <`d

`m= mì mg E<`<d<1s mst vm9< <`d <rth98<ti <9thvhsts

<;<h̀ st ti di9rhh`<hF<thm` mg si5 =mra! "i hdi< hs

sh2i tm i52mri ti imthm`<, 2sy9mm;h9<, 2ysh9<

<`d si58< =mrd mg 2rmstht8thm` trm8; ti h`th<ti

i52irhi`9is mg "rhs<N.?

1!hci t!hs dmeuki`tor+ (os h` di*icmki`t, t!i Lidgmrd eosi (os lih`'or'uid o`d (os rieih*h`' kidho otti`thm`: !m(i*ir, t!i hckkoirs dhd `mtem`shdir t!i emurt eosi sh' h̀heo t̀ mr rici*o`t tm t!i koh̀ ' m t!idmeuki`tor+, K+ &ou'!tir hs `mt mr /oci. O`ìtti Ecori h`dheotid t!ot t!ithkh`' mr t!hs rmmsoc (os 'mmd os hss8is <rm8`d 2rmstht8thm` <ri s8rg<9h`;

h` <r;i 2<rt :i9<8si mg ti My2h9s <`d ti <ssm9h<tid i52i9t<thm`s

<rm8`d tr<ggh9ah`;! < 2!i rmmsoc mr t!hs hck o`thehotid meush`' m` 2rhs!oo`d !ir ki`tmr h` /(idi`, Bu h̀co Hlir', t!i ore!htiet m t!i /(idhs!kmdic.

1!i` t!i rmmsoc o`d dikm mr t!i km*hi hs s!m(` tm o`mt!ir @Grmdueir, Biito /m`d!h, s!i emkki`ts t!ot 71 giih`; hai ti gh<air hs

tryh`; tm rih`gmr9i <` <ri<dy gmrid m2h`hm` <`d yit h` smi dhi`shm` ti

<tirh< hs 2risi`tid <s tm8; si1s sth tryh`; tm <ai 82 ir h`d!7 ;mtti h2risshm` t<t ths =m8d :i < gh <:m8t =y 2rmstht8thm` sm8d `mt :i

i;<hFid <`d di9rhh`<hFid gi<t8rh`; < gmrir si5 tr<di =mrair =ht < viry

2m=irg8 <`d imthm`< stmry ir stmry i2s tm <ai <`d rih`gmr9i ti G`m

tm i;<hF<thm`1 <r;8i`t!5

2!i hckkoirs t!i` ottikt tm smti` t!i ml*hmus lhos hkcheht h` t!i thtciK+ &ou'!tir hs `mt mr /oci 4) (mucd !o*i ì*ir orthehotid h` t!hsdmeuki`tor+ !od ) `m(` m t!i mrh'hòc thtci o`d mrkucothm` m t!i hck. )toiors t!ot O`ìtti Ecori (hs!id tm ritoh` t!i (mrd dou'!tir h` t!i thtci

lut 2iriso Koe)`ìs (rhtis loe) 7 sth dm`1t <vi < thti =ht D<8;tir h` ht:i9<8si 7 thà ht t<t i2<shs ri<y ivmais ti hdi< =i <ri <;<h̀ st

2rmstht8thm !̀ 7 dm`1t =<`t tm 9mi mgg <s :h<sid =ht ti thti! 7`sti<d 7 =<`t

? Hkohc, O`ìtti Ecori tm Khe!icci 8o` iusimk, @m*iklir 9, <66L.< 7:hd.5 Hkohc, Biito /m`d!h tm O`ìtti Ecori, Juc+ L, <6?6.

Voni 4 mg <7



ti si`si t<t =i <ri mmah`; <t ht dhggiri`ty - sm 7 <vi (rmstht8thm`) Uhgth`;

ti N<Fi!%

&ishti o e!o`'i h` thtci, t!i drot rmmsoc mr Irmsthtuthm`D /!hth`' t!iBo>i ri*iocs t!i hckkoirs lhos o`d ridhsmshthm` tm(ords t!i hssui. )`

t!i s+`mshs ht hs `mtid t!ot 2rhs!o =h t<ai 8s h`tm < 9m2i5 <`d imthm`<=mrd t<t =h 2rmvm9<thviy hà ti G2rmgisshm`1 mg 2rmstht8thm` <`d <i

vhmi`9i <;<h`st =mi` ri;<rdiss mg 9m8 t̀ry mr i;< st<t8s! O`d =i =h

28t =<t hs 2ir<2s ti mdist 2<trh<r9< st<=<rt ghry h` E<`<dh<` 28:h9

9m`s9hm8sìss <`d ris2m`sh:hhty =iri =i :ihivi ht ghry :im`;s .9

2!i dhrietmr ie!mis t!hs si`thki`t h` t!i &hrietmr7s Gmr(ord (!iri s!i(rhtisD :y shgth`; ti 9m`virs<thm` tm <i di<`d <`d rivi<h`; ti

9m`ì9thm` tm =mi`1s i8<hty =i m2i tm g8i < dhggiri`t 9m`virs<thm`! Mì

t<t hs iss <:m8t 2irsm`< 9mh9i <`d si58< h:ir<hF<thm` <`d mri <:m8t

ti 9<8sis <`d ti ri<hty mg si58< i52mht<thm` <`d m= m8r 98t8ri i`<:is

ti di<`d gmr tisi sirvh9is, `m <ttir =<t ti 9mst tm tmsi h`vmvid.3

)` t!i occ m <6?6, Kodoki Justhei $hkic riciosid !ir diehshm` h` t!i Lidgmrd

eosi. /uddi`c+ t!i hckkoirs s!m( o` h`tirist h` hèmrmroth`' t!i eosi h`tmt!i m`'mh`' km*hi olmut 2rhs! othi o`d t!i /(idhs! kmdic. 2irisoKoe)`ìs (rhtisD 7 < 89 mri gm98sid <`d thà 7 <vi ti stmry <r9

gh;8rid m8t! L<sh9<y 7 < ;mh`; tm rist ht m` ti 9m8rt 9<si 9m:h̀ id =ht

i52mrh`; trii 9m8`trhis t<t <vi t<ai` trii dhggiri`t <22rm<9is

*U=idi`, Ostird<, #! "i i2<shs <`d =<t =i =h 9mi :<9a tm h`

ti <`<yshs mg i<9 2<9i =h :i =mi`1s i8<hty .

2!hs ì( meus 'h*is rhsi tm o e!o`'i m thtci, u+h`' /i, o`d t!i kmdistdi*icmki`t lud'it mr K+ &ou'!tir hs `mt mr /oci 4F%,666 hèriosisimì`thocc+ 4F66,666 (ht! O`ìtti Ecori `mth`' t!ot ths :8d;it

ri2risi`ts ti <r;ist :8d;it 7 <vi 2rm2msid!/ /!i `mtis t!ot ti

2rm2ms< gmr L8yh`; Ui5 s2i<as mg ti gh :ih`; < dhggiri`t ah`d mg rm2,

grm ti sti2s mg ti U82rii Em8rt mg E<`<d< tm trii dhggiri`t 9m8`trhis

<`d Hti 9<siJ =h 2rmvhdi < 2m=irg8 8`gmdh`; stmry <r9 gmr ti E<`<dh<`

<yir mg m8r gh.?6 M*irt o`d icheht h`dheothm`s m hdimcm'heoc lhos hsmlseurid h` t!hs ì( rmmsoc (ht! t!i ieithm` m smki rikò`ts rmkri*hmus rmmsocs: mr iokci, t!i iehtiki`t irissid mr t!i rmmsid*hsht tm /(idi` (!iri ht =h :i h`s2hrh`; tm sii "rhs< iit i` =m 9<

% Hkohc, 2iriso Koe)`ìs tm O`ìtti Ecori, Ou'ust ?6, <6?6.9 Hkohc, 2iriso Koe)`ìs tm O`ìtti Ecori, Juc+ <?, <6?6.3 7:hd. Hkohc, 2iriso Koe)`ìs tm O`ìtti Ecori, Ou'ust <, <6?6. Hkohc, 2iriso Koe)`ìs tm O`ìtti Ecori, Metmlir ?, <66L.L "ittir, O`ìtti Ecori tm Irm'rokkh`' Emccio'uis, &ieiklir ?6, <6?6: Hkohc,

Jm!` 1hcchok "ut> tm Eh`d+ 1htti`, Joùor+ 9, <6??.?6 u+h`' /iD O &meuki`tor+ Irmmsoc, , ??.

Voni 9 mg <7





&iry -trotinhe o` (hrk. )t h- mì t$h`n tm ,i -yk/ot$ithe tm ki`

6#rh-$o?- ri&i'othm`< ,ut `mt tm 5m$`-4 mr tm O'o` Xmu`n4 +$m ori /ort

m( t$i em t̀hùuk o` -y-tikhe -ixh-k o` roeh-k t$ot hè'ui-

9he*tm`‛.!7

2!hs hs o` mutro'imus stotiki`t (!he! ri*iocs o 'riot dioc olmut t!irmdueir7s otthtudi. )t hs ortheucorc+ rikorolci, em`shdirh`' t!ot (!i` t!ihck (os tro`smrkid rmk K+ &ou'!tir hs `mt mr /oci tm u+h`' /i, t!hstro`smrkothm` (os ridheotid m` oddh`' t(m ì( emkmì`ts tm t!i mrh'hòcdmeuki`tor+. 2!i t(m ì( emkmì`ts 4(!he! cid tm o emstc+ o`d kmrioklhthmus dmeuki`tor+ (iri tm li o meus m` koci *mheis o`d kocidiko`d, o`d t!i h`trmduethm` m t!i Lidgmrd eosi h`tm t!i kh. $m(i*ir, t!irmdueir dhd `mt dhsecmsi t!ot t!ihr h`ti`t rmk t!i mutsit (os tm eost lmt!koci *mheis o`d t!i em`sthtuthmòc e!occi`'i h` o ì'oth*i ch'!t. ) eo``mtlichi*i t!ot O`ìtti Ecor, otir (ote!h`' o i( !murs m ro( mmto'i, (mucdli olci tm rioe! t!i emècushm` t!ot ) ok ort m t!i em`thùuk o`d

s+stikhe sihsk o`d roehsk t!ot hècudis Ihetm`. ) (hcc ritur` tm t!hslh>orri e!oroetir ossosshòthm` s!mrtc+, lut suhei ht tm so+, ht hs ecior t!otrmk t!i mutsit t!i h`ti`t m t!i dmeuki`tor+ (os tm od*meoti mr t!i/(idhs! kmdic o`d tm t!ot i`d ht (os hkmrto`t tm eost ki`, isiehocc+ m!`so`d k+sic, h` o sh`hstir ch'!t.

2!i hckkoirs ecohk t!i+ !o*i rmdueid o` mlieth*i o`d locoèiddmeuki`tor+ tm he-stort o` hkmrto`t diloti. $m(i*ir, t!i oets o`dstotiki`ts m t!i hckkoirs u`direut t!hs urmrtid mlieth*ht+. Gmriokci, ) h`d ht u>>ch`' t!ot t!i suliet- kottir m o dmeuki`tor+ hck,

2rhs!o othi, rieih*id smki rikuìrothm` mr !ir orthehothm`?, o`d t!ots!i (os occm(id hùt h`tm t!i rmkmthm` o`d korith`' m t!i km*hi.?

Oct!mu'! ) eo` u`dirsto`d (!+ t!i hckkoir (mucd o+ mr 2rhs!o tm *hsht/(idi` os ort m t!i u`mcdh`' m t!i òrroth*i m t!i stmr+, ) ocsm h`d htu>>ch`' t!ot KI Jm+ /kht!, o` ordi`t o`th-rmsthtuthm` smisirsm` mr t!i/(idhs! kmdic, (mucd !o*i lii` h`*htid l+ 2rhs!o tm mh` t!i hckkoirs h`/(idi .̀ ?L )t tur`s mut t!ot Jm+ /kht! emucd `mt otti`d os t!i 'm*ir`ki`t(mucd `mt em*ir !ir ii`sis, lut t!i KI dhd ticc t!i dhrietmrD 7 < trhid

<t ths m22mrt8 h̀ty! Os ym8 a`m=, h` M9tm:ir 7 m2i tm :rh`; gmr=<rd

i;hs<thm` t<t =m8d <dm2t ti #mrdh9 mdi iri h` E<`<d<! "hs trh2 9m8d

:i viry :iìgh9h< tm=<rds ths i;hs<thm`!06

?3 Hkohc, O`ìtti Ecori tm 0o*hdo &h`, Juc+ <<, <6?6<.? Hkohc, O`ìtti Ecori tm Jm!` 1hcchok "ut>, Joùor+ <6, <6?6: Hkohc, 2irisoKoe)`ìs tm Ocio`dir icci+, Orhc <L, <6?5.? Hkohc 2iriso Koe)`ìs tm Ocio`dir icci+, Kore! 5, <6?5.?L Hkohc, 2rhs! othi tm Jm+ /kht!, Juc+ <9, <6??.<6 Hkohc, Jm+ /kht! tm 2iriso Koe)`ìs, Ou'ust %, <6??.

Voni > mg <7



2!i hckkoirs siik h`dhiri`t mr mlch*hmus tm t!i mti`thoc em`chet h`ric+h`' um` 'm*ir`ki`t u`ds tm od*oèi mchtheoc oklhthm`s. 2rhs!o othiossirts t!ot s!i hs (mrh`' (ht! t!i 'm*ir`ki`t tm osshst t!ik (ht!emccieth`' h`mrkothm` tm sumrt t!i dierhkhòch>othm` m m!`s<?, o`d s!iecohks s!i hs osshsth`' t!i Erm(` (ht! t!i riorothm` m hts oioc m t!i

Lidgmrd diehshm`.<<

2!isi ossirthm`s s!mucd !o*i rohsid rid co's mr t!ihckkoirs, lut `m emèir` mr eouthm` hs irissid. )`stiod m triodh`'eoriucc+, t!i hckkoirs o'rii t!ot t!i hrst rh*oti s!m(h`' m t!i km*his!mucd li ot t!i Hkoèhothm` /ukkht h` 8oèmu*ir ot t!i h`*htothm` m

2rhs!o othi o`d Khe!oic Kor(he m Eohco`m `h*irsht+. )` o sirhis m i-kohc ie!o`'is lit(ii` Kor(he o`d t!i rmdueirs, (ht! t!i suliet-eothm` (rhv<ti U9rii`h`; mg L8yh`; Ui5 tm <` O8dhi`9i mg E<`;i $<airs ,co`s ori kodi mr h`*hth`' dici'othm`s m h`cui`thoc orchoki`torho`s o`dmt!ir e!o`'i koirs.<5 Kor(he 'mis os or os tm su''ist t!ot ths

s9rii`h`; mg Gsih`; si51 Hsh9J =m8d sit ti st<;i gmr ti <8dhi`9i tm mvi

hidh<tiy, <t ti rmh`; mg ti 9ridhts, tm i`dmrsi < 2rhv<ti i:ir1s :h

t<t =m8d :rh`; ti #mrdh9 mdi tm E<`<d< .<%

M` @m*iklir <?, <6?<, O`ìtti Ecor mutchìs t!i hòc co`s mr t!i e!o`'ikoirs serii`h`'D

î i52i9t <rm8`d 066 2im2i =m <ri 2<rth9h2<th`; h` <`

i<`9h2<thm` s8ht, issi`th<y < dhs98sshm` <rm8`d

<tir`<thvis tm ti i5hsth`; <=s <rm8`d 2rmstht8thm`, <`d

is2i9h<y ti :iìghts mg ti U=idhs mdi mg <=! "i

<8dhi`9i hs dis9rh:id <s < ìt=mra mg ìt=mrairs, hai-h`did

h`dhvhd8<s =m ri2risi`t 2rmgisshm`< <`d 9m8 h̀ty

mr;<`hF<thm`s *i<dirs mg =mi`1s <`d O:mrh;h`< mr;<`hF<thm`s,

st8di`ts, <9<dih9s, m8r`<hsts, Erm=` <=yirs, 9m2s <`d <`th-

tr<ggh9ah̀ ; <8tmrhthis =m <vi < vistid h`tirist h` i`dh`;

2rmstht8thm` tiy mma tm U=idi` <s < mdi!

î :ihivi ths ìt=mra =h 2rmvhdi < v<8<:i gm8`d<thm` tm

ri<9 < 9r89h< ìt=mra mg mr;<`hF<thm`s <`d ivi`ts t<t =h

ivi`t8<y 2rmmti ti gh m` m8r :i<g, <`d i`9m8r<;i

dhs98sshm` <rm8`d ti hss8is r<hsid h` ti gh!0.

<? Hkohc, 2iriso Koe)`ìs tm O`ìtti Ecori o`d Ko`rid ieir, Met <<, <6??:mr(ordh`' kisso'i rmk 2rhs! othi, @m*iklir <?, <6??.<< u+h`' /iD O &meuki`tor+ Irmmsoc, ??.<5 Hkohc, Khe!oic Kor(he tm O`ìtti Ecori, Ou' <9, <6?<: Khe!oic Kor(he tmO`ìtti Ecori, Met <L, <6?<: Khe!oic Kor(he tm Ocio`dir icci+ @m*iklir <<,<6?<: O`ìtti Ecori tm &h` 0h*ido, Metmlir <L, <6?<.<% Hkohc, Khe!oic Kor(he tm O`ìtti Ecori, Ou' <9, <6?<.<9 Hkohc, O`ìtti Ecori tm Ecoudi Jmch-Emiur, @m*iklir <?, <6?<.

Voni 2 mg <7



Oct!mu'! t!hs hs mrtro+id os o korith`' stroti'+, t!hs hs `mt korith`' h`t!i trodhthmòc si`si. 2!i dhrietmr hs ciosid t!ot s!i (hcc li oeemko`hid tmt!i Hkoèhothm` /ukkht serii`h`' l+ t!i korith`' em-mrdhòtmr lieousit!hs (mucd ;hvi ir < 9<`9i tm s2i`d smi thi =ht ir m` ti 2mhth9s

<`d s2i9h< h`tirist ;rm82s 9m`ì9tid =ht ths ghs8:i9t!<3 2!i dhrietmr hs

`mt sioh`' olmut erhtheoc oeecohk mr hòèhoc sueeiss lut, rot!ir, s!i hstoch`' olmut ;itth`; ti =mrd m8t .< 2m 'it t!i (mrd mut s!i rieruhts t!iosshstoèi m oti #uh``, o kiklir m t!i Eoòdho` 1mki`7s Gmu`dothm`@othmòc 2os Gmrei m` /i 2roheh`' o`d o Erm(` (htìss h` t!i Lidgmrd

eosi.< 2!i rioc stroti'+ hs ri*iocid h` O`ìtti Ecori7s stotiki`t t!ot t!imlieth*i hs tm ut t!hs hck h` t!i !o`ds m ko`+ mr'o`h>othm`s oermss t!iemu`tr+ tm emhèhdi (ht! suriki emurt !iorh`'s.<L )` 'ou'h`' t!i rism`sistm t!i serii`h`' m t!i km*hi, Ecori kiosuris s899iss m` (!it!ir imci(iri 9mi`th`; t!ot tihr 2mshthm` shgtid <s < ris8t mg s9rii`h`; ti

98t .56

Em`shdirh`' t!ot mì m t!i hck7s urmrtid mlieth*is hs t!i ririsi`tothmò`d dhseusshm` m t!i Lidgmrd em`sthtuthmòc e!occi`'i, ) oc(o+s mu`d htu>>ch̀ ' t!ot t!i hckkoirs rus!id t!hs hck tm emkcithm` rhmr tm t!iemkcithm` m t!i eosi h` t!i /uriki Emurt m Eoòdo. 1!i` t!i @Gdiehdid tm rm*hdi o rii ch*i-striok m t!i hck ust do+s rhmr tm t!i !iorh`'h` t!i /uriki Emurt m Eoòdo, ) emkcohìd o`d t!i @G mstmìd t!ich*i-striok mr o s!mrt irhmd m thki u t̀hc t!i eosi !od lii` or'uid. @m( )eo` sii t!ot t!i rus! tm emkciti t!i hck (os o` h`diid o` ottikt tmh`cuièi t!i Emurt o`d ci`d sumrt tm o rh*oti kiklirs lhcc.

)t hs `m emhèhdièi t!ot ust rhmr tm t!i /uriki Emurt !iorh`', t!iri (os ocurr+ m kidho em*iro'i em`toh`h`' erhtheoc emkki`ts olmut t!i Lidgmrd eosio`d k+ h`*mc*iki`t. 2!isi emkki`ts ikir'id rmk h`dh*hduocs (ht! smkiem`ìethm` tm t!i km*hi o`d t!i emkki`ts (iri eciorc+ losid um` *hi(h`'t!i km*hi 4os ì'oth*i emkki`ts m t!hs òturi ì*ir ikir'id durh`' t!iri*hmus mur +iors m em*iro'i. Gmr iokci, Ki'!o` Kur!+ m t!iGikh`hst Eurri`t, em`duetid o` iti`sh*i mdeost ri*hi( m t!i km*hi o`dt!i` (rmti o` idhtmrhoc h` t!i Bcmli o`d Kohc o (ii limri t!i !iorh`' h`(!he! s!i ossirts t!ot ti Lidgmrd 9<si =<s ìvir <:m8t i2h`; =mi`

=mrah`; ti striits 7t hs `mt <:m8t =mi`1s rh;ts mr Gsi5 =mrair rh;ts1!

"i 28:h9 <s :ii` d82id :y hsri2risi`t<thvi gr<h`; mg :mt ths 9<si<`d ti di:<ti s8rrm8`dh`; 2rmstht8thm` <=! "i m ̀y rh;ts t<t =h :i

;<hìd sm8d ti Lidgmrd 9<si s899iid <ri ti rh;ts mg i` tm :8y si5

<3 Hkohc, 2iriso Koe)`ìs tm E!rhsthì @mic o`d O`ìtti Ecori, @m*iklir ?%, <6?<.< Hkohc, 2iriso Koe)`ìs tm oti #uh``, Gilruor+ <9, <6?5.< Hkohc, oti #uh`` tm 2iriso Koe)`ìs, Gilruor+ <9, <6?5.<L Hkohc, O`ìtti Ecori tm 2iriso Koe)`ìs, Orhc <<, <6?5.56 Hkohc, O`ìtti Ecori tm Ko`rid ieir o`d 2iriso Koe)`ìs, Juì <?, <6?<.

Voni 8 mg <7



grm =mi`.5? )` o dhseusshm` 'rmu ri'ordh`' !ir idhtmrhoc s!i dii`ds !ir*hi(s l+ dhrietc+ ;umth`' rmk o tro`serhthm` m t!i dmeuki`tor+.5<

M` o kmri diokotmr+ `mti, kiklirs m t!i 1mki`7s Emochthm`, o`h t̀ir*iìr 'rmu h` t!i Lidgmrd eosi (!m h'uri rmkhì`tc+ h` t!i

dmeuki`tor+, !icd riss emìrièis oermss t!i emu`t+ rhmr tm t!i /urikiEmurt !iorh`'. 2!i+ kodi t!i ecohk t!ot ) ok issi`thocc+ o s!hcc mr t!i sih`dustr+, o`d `mt o eh*hc chlirtorho` mr o !uko` rh'!ts oeth*hst.55 2!hsdikm`strotis t!ot t!i eoriucc+ thkid riciosi m t!hs dmeuki`tor+ rm*hdidolmchthm`hsts (ht! o ì( stroti'+ tm ottoe t!i Lidgmrd eosi ust rhmr tm t!i!iorh`' m t!i h̀ oc oioc m t!hs eosi, o`d t!hs oiorid tm li t!iu`dirc+h`' mlieth*i li!h`d t!i `mthm` m 'itth`' t!i (mrd mut tm os ko`+chi-kh`did ossmehothm`s os msshlci. 2!isi chi-kh`did ossmehothm`s ì*iremkki`t m` t!i m*ir(!ickh`' i*hdièi h`trmdueid h` t!i Lidgmrd eosi, `mrdm t!i+ emkki`t m` t!i kirhts m t!i em`sthtuthmòc or'uki`ts, os t!i+(mucd `mt !o*i cior`t o`+t!h`' olmut t!isi hkmrto`t hssuis rmk *hi(h`'t!i hck. $m(i*ir, t!i+ dm lichi*i t!ot t!i+ !o*i cior`t smkit!h`' olmut k+kmth*othm` o`d e!oroetir, occm(h`' t!ik tm emècudi t!ot t!hs eosi hs `mtolmut !uko` rh'!ts lut rot!ir hs olmut k+ irmrkoèi os o s!hcc mr t!i sih`dustr+.

Ghòcc+, t!i hckkoirs `mt m`c+ dhstmrtid riocht+ (ht! t!i koh`' m t!ihr hck,lut, t!i+ ocsm ottiktid tm h`cuièi o`d e!o`'i mt!ir kidhoririsi`tothm`s m t!i eosi. )` /itiklir <6?<, t!iri hs o` i-kohcdhseusshm` olmut t!i emèir`s t!i hckkoirs !o*i m*ir t!i em`ti`t m o EEì(s stmr+ m` t!i Lidgmrd eosi. 2!i hckkoirs dhseuss t!i list (o+ tm

ormoe! t!i muròchst, o`d rmk t!i i-kohc ie!o`'i hs ht ecior t!ihckkoirs (iri u`!o+ (ht! t!i em*iro'i rm*hdid l+ Oorm` /oct>ko` mt!i EE.5% 1i em t̀oetid t!hs muròchst tm h`;uhri olmut (!it!ir t!ihckkoirs dhd ormoe! !hk, o`d !i em`hrkid t!otD m`ts <gtir ti

stmry <hrid, smimì 9m`t<9tid i <`d - hg 7 ri9< 9mrri9ty - <said i tm

9<`;i ti <`;8<;i h` y ri2mrt tm smith`; tiy <d =rhtti ,̀ gmr ti

:iìght mg tihr gh! 7 ris2i9tg8y rig8sid! O`d 7 =m8d <vi dmì sm ivi` hg

ht =iri `mt i52h9hty <;<h`st m8r m8r`<hsth9 2mh9his *=h9 ht hs.59 Osh`'rimrtirs tm octir mr kmdh+ t!ihr ì(s-stmrhis !os `mt!h`' tm dm (ht!

5?

Ki'!o` Kur!+, Irmsthtuthm` /mcuthm`D Iu`hs! t!i Eustmkirs, @mt t!i $mmirs, Juì 5, <6?5.5< Ki'!o` Kur!+, O (rmstht8thm` Um8thm`) (8`hs ti E8stmirs, #mt ti Ui5^mrairs 4Juì <<, <6?5, m`chìD 0ollci.eo A!ttDCCrollci.eoClollciCsi-(mrir-rh'!tsCrmsthtuthm`-smcuthm`-mutco(-eustmkirs-`mt-si-(mrirs.55 rmt!ic mss 0iod+ tm Imuèi m` Eoòdo h /uriki Emurt /trhis Irmsthtuthm`"o( Koecio`s, Juì ??, <6?5: 8oèmu*ir Irm*hèi, Juì ?<, <6?5.5% Hkohc, 2iriso Koe)`ìss tm O`ìtti Ecori, Ou', , <6?<: O`ìtti Ecori tm 2irisoKoe)`ìss, /it. , <6?5: 2iriso Koe)`ìss tm O`ìtti Ecori, /it , <6?<59 Hkohc, Oorm` /oct>ko` tm "ouro =mu`', Metmlir <%, <6?5

Voni ?6 mg <7



ci'hthkoti dmeuki`tor+ hck-koh`', o`d t!i hckkoirs7 >ioc tm h`cuièiulche mh`hm` u`dirsemris k+ ossirthm` t!ot t!hs hck (os `mt dish'ìd tmmstir diloti lut, rot!ir tm oe!hi*i o mchtheoc risuct.

>" #$i #rui @oturi m( t$i 2m`-thtuthmò' 2$o''i`ni o` t$i Go'-i

2m`('het 2rioti ,y Luyh`n Uix

)` em`shdirh`' t!i triotki t̀ m t!i em`sthtuthmòc e!occi`'i h` t!hsdmeuki`tor+, ht hs hkmrto`t tm ii h` kh`d t!i stotutmr+ ko`doti m t!i@G tm rmduei, dhstrhluti o`d tm rmkmti t!i rmduethm` o`d dhstrhluthm` mhcks dish'ìd tm h`tirrit Eoòdo tm Eoòdho`s o`d tm mt!ir òthm`s. )t hs!ord tm hko'hì !m( t!hs dmeuki`tor+ eo` sir*i tm h`tirrit Eoòdo (!i`t!i hckkoirs dm `mt i*i` ki t̀hm` mr dhseuss t!i òturi m t!iem`sthtuthmòc rh'!t lih`' oddrissid l+ t!i Emurt. )` t!i i`thri hck t!iri hs`mt mì ki`thm` m sieurht+ m t!i irsm` mr t!i rhèhcis m u`doki`toc

usthei em`tohìd h` s. m t!i E<rtir mg 3h;ts <`d ?riidms. )t hs !ord tmhko'hì t!hs hck sir*h`' tm h`tirrit Eoòdo (!i` t!i hckkoirs dm `mti*i` 'h*i t!i emrriet òki mr t!i emurt h` (!he! t!i oioc hs tm li !iord.53

)t hs !ord tm hko'hì t!hs hck sir*h`' tm h`tirrit Eoòdo (!i` o` ortheucoti/(idhs! rmissmr, /*i`-Oic K`ssm`, hs rm*hdid kmri thki tm icoh` t!irothmòci li!h`d t!i /(idhs! kmdic t!o` hs rm*hdid tm o`+ Eoòdho` se!mcortm icoh` t!i eurri`t Eoòdho` co( o`dCmr t!i òturi m t!i em`sthtuthmòce!occi`'i. 0i*ioch`'c+, t!hs dmeuki`tor+, u c̀hi kmst dmeuki`torhisdioch`' (ht! ci'oc hssuis, dmis `mt ikcm+ t!i sir*heis m o serht em`sucto`ttm *it t!i ci'oc oòc+shs mr oeeuroe+.

) dm u`dirsto`d t!ot smkithkis toh̀ ' thki h` o hck tm icoh̀ t!iemkcihthis m co( eo` koi o hck ducc o`d ciss eoth*oth`': !m(i*ir, t!ikoh`' m t!hs hck emucd `mt !o*i lii` hkidid l+ t!i emkcihthis m t!ico(. )` oet, os (hcc li dhseussid, t!i ci'oc o`d em`sthtuthmòc or'uki`t,dh*mreid m ùoèi o`d emkciht+, eo` li cuehdc+ o`d oeeurotic+ mutchìd(ht! chttci imrt. Oct!mu'! t!i hckkoir (mucd `mt li iietid tm dic*i h`tmocc t!i h`trheoti ditohcs m t!i eosi, ht hs rikorolci t!ot t!i *hi(irs m t!hshck (mucd `mt i*i` `m( smki m t!i mccm(h`' shkci ditohcs olmut t!i!hstmr+ o`d di*icmki`t m t!hs eosi 4occ oets (!he! s!mucd li `m(` tm t!ihckkoirsD

• 2!hs eosi (os emkcitid m` o 2rm :m`m loshs (ht! t!i

*mcu`tiir osshstoèi m m*ir 56 co( studi`ts m*ir o mur+ior irhmd. Os o` ossmehoti rmissmr m co(, ) !od lii`risiore!h`' hssuis ricoth̀ ' tm t!i !hstmr+ m t!i ci'ocri'ucothm` m rmsthtuthm` shèi ?LL, o`d t!i e!occi`'i tm

53 2!i hckkoirs khstoi`c+ riir tm t!i Emurt m Oioc os t!i M`torhm /urikiEmurt.

Voni ?? mg <7



t!i rmsthtuthm` co(s (os mì ort m k+ m`'mh`' risiore!o`d od*meoe+ h` t!i orio m t!i erhkhòch>othm` m occem`si`suoc erhkis. i+m`d k+ (mr h` t!hs orio, t!ihckkoir s!mucd !o*i `m(` t!ot mr t!i ost t(i`t++iors ) !o*i rm*hdid rm lm`m ci'oc sir*heis tm *hethks m

*hmci`t erhki.

• 2!i em`sthtuthmòc e!occi`'i (os sumrtid l+ o

*mcukh`mus riemrd m dmeuki`tor+ i*hdièi, emkrhsh`' *mcukis o`d <,666 o'is m dmeuki`tor+ i*hdièi,hècudh`' t!muso`ds m 'm*ir`ki`t rimrts. M` li!oc mt!i si (mrirs, t!iri (os iirt tisthkm`+ rmk Eoòdho` se!mcors (!m !od occ emkcitid eurri`trisiore! h` Eoòdo (ht! risiet tm t!i hkoet m t!i co(m` t!i soit+ m si (mr. )` oddhthm`, t!iri (iri ?3

iirhi`thoc (htìssis (!m rm*hdid i*hdièi h` sumrtm t!i ecohk, emkrhsh`' ririsi`toth*is m si (mrirossmehothm`s o`d si (mrirs (ht! m*ir ?9 +iors miirhièi h̀ t!i trodi. /i*i` 'rmus h`tir*iìd ot t!iEmurt m Oioc h` sumrt m t!i /uirhmr Emurth`*ochdothm`. 2!i komrht+ m (htìssis 4m*ir 96 h` tmtoc(!i` emklhìd (ht! Erm(` (htìssis (iri iti`sh*ic+ermss-iokhìd m*ir o t(m +ior irhmd limri t!i kottir(os or'uid h` emurt.

• mt! t!i /uirhmr Emurt o`d t!i Emurt m Oioc rm*hdid

ci`'t!+ o`d ditohcid riosm`s 4ecmsi tm 566 o'isemklhìd o`d lmt! emurts kodi h`dh`'s m oet cor'ic+sumrth`' t!i ecohks m t!i si (mrirs o`d `mt t!ii*hdi`thor+ ecohks m t!i 'm*ir`ki`t.

2!i hck dmis `mt eoturi t!i sh'`hheoèi m t!hs e!occi`'i o`d ht eriotis t!ihkrisshm` t!ot t!i e!occi`'i !od `m oetuoc sumrt, (!it!ir h` risiore!studhis, iirt i*hdièi mr iirhi`thoc i*hdièi. 2!i emurt diehshm`s ori

triotid os orlhtror+ dieriis (ht! `m si`si t!ot t!i emurts 'rocid (ht!dhheuct hssuis o`d otir ci`'t!+ dichlirothm`s rioe!id emècushm`s losid m`t!i i*hdièi o`d t!i i*mcuthm` m em`sthtuthmòc rhèhcis. 2!iri hs `mt mìoro'ro!, mì si`tièi, mr i*i` mì (mrd toi` rmk t!isi ud'ki`ts tms!m( t!i *hi(irs t!ot t!iri (os o strm`' mu`dothm` sumrth`' t!i kirhts mt!i Lidgmrd em`sthtuthmòc e!occi`'i.

Voni ?< mg <7



M` ko`+ meeoshm`s, hècudh`' t!i dhrietmr7s h`hthoc em`toet (ht! ki 5, t!idhrietmr h`dheotid t!ot s!i !od h`tir*hi(id, mr (os 'mh`' tm h`tir*hi(, i+iirt (htìssis (!m tisthhid h` sumrt m t!i ocheo`ts. ) (os ossurid s!i!od h`tir*hi(id Irmissmr Jm!` "m(ko` o`d 2okoro M7&m!irt+, t!i mrkirlih̀ ' mì m t!i kmst `m(cid'iolci o`d hkmrto t̀ (ht̀ issis mr t!i

ocheo`t o`d t!i cottir !o*h̀ ' riei`tc+ em`duetid ikhrheoc risiore! hÈoòdo dikm`stroth`' t!i hèriosid soit+ m si (mrirs (mrh`' h` h`dmmrcmeothm`s. ) dm `mt `m( (!it!ir o`+ m t!isi h`tir*hi(s (iri oetuocc+em`duetid, lut ht hs ecior t!ot t!i dhseusshm` m t!i em`sthtuthmòc e!occi`'i h`t!hs hck hs i`thric+ luhct m` khsciodh`' o`d u`h`mrkoth*i smu`d lhtis rmk

ust 8ocirhi /emtt o`d ). Eoòdho` se!mcors ori h'`mrid o`d t!i ko`+ *mheism si (mrirs h` o*mur m e!mhei o`d soit+ ori shcièid.

)t dmis oior t!ot smki iilci imrt (os kodi tm hèmrmroti t!i *mheis m(mki` h` sumrt m t!i em`sthtuthmòc e!occi`'i os t!i dhrietmrs dhd sio(ht! /uso` &o*hs o`d 1i`d+ oleme, t(m iirhi`thoc (ht̀ issis (!mrm*hdid i*hdièi h` sumrt m t!i e!occi`'i. /uso` &o*hs hs dhskhssid os:mrh`;5 o`d <i5L, o`d ) eo` ossuri +mu t!ot !o*h`' kit Ks. &o*hst!isi ori t(m odieth*is t!ot emucd `mt oc+ tm !ir. Os mr 1i`d+ oleme,s!i hs dhskhssid lieousi î`dy hs 2rm-i;<hF<thm`! 7g =i =<`t tm <vmhd ths

di:<ti, 7 =m8d`1t ri9mi`d ;mh`; dm=` t<t rm<d!7 tm8;t ths =<s <

di9hshm` =i <di < =hi <;m.%6 2!hs hs o u>>ch`' stotiki`t em`shdirh`'t!ot t!i km*hi hs urmrtidc+ o diloti m*ir ci'och>othm`, sm mì hs cit (ht!t!i dhsthèt hkrisshm` t!ot t!i diehshm` kodi o (!hci o'm (os t!ot rm-ci'och>othm` *mheis s!mucd li irosid rmk t!i òrroth*i.

2!i hckkoirs (iri ohùcc+ o(ori t!ot t!i dmeuki`tor+ icc s!mrt (ht!risiet tm rm*hdh`' o ecior ririsi`tothm` m t!i co( o`d t!i em`sthtuthmòce!occi`'i. Otir smki serii`h`'s o`d h h̀thoc idhts, t!i mccm(h`' emkki`tsikir'id m` o em`shsti`t loshsD

7 =<s`1t 9i<r <t ths 2mh`t 8st =<t hs <22i`h`; h` E<`<d<=i

ìid tm 9<rhgy =<t ti i5hsth`; <=s <ri h` E<`<d<î ìid

tm :i 89 9i<rir <:m8t ti sht8<thm` h` E<`<d<!4'

O gi= gmas sth `mt i`thriy 9i<r m` ti E<`<dh<` <= <`d ti

9m8rt 9<i`;i*s :8t ths 7 < s8ri =i 9<` rismvi =ht smiti5t 9<`;is m` ti 9<rds!40

5 Hkohc 2iriso Koe)`ìs tm Oco` =mu`', Orhc %, <6??.5 Hkohc, 0o*hdo &h` tm O`ìtti Ecori, Orhc ?, <6?<.5L Hkohc O`ìtti Ecori tm 2iriso Koe)`ìs, Orhc ?L, <6?5.%6 Hkohc, 2iriso Koe)`ìs tm O`ìtti Ecori Juc+ 3, <6?<.%? Hkohc 0o*hdo &h` tm O`ìtti Ecori, Orhc ?, <6?<.%< Hkohc, O`ìtti Ecori tm Ko`rid ieir o`d 2iriso Koe)`ìs, Juì <?, <6?<.

Voni ?5 mg <7



Uit 82 mg ti 9m8rt 9<si hs sth < :ht 9m`g8sh`;!4%

#m= 7 gh`d ht 9m`g8sh`; t<t tiri1s `m rigiri`9i <t < tm m= ti

<= 9<`;id! Is2i9h<y gmr ym8r h`tir`<thm`< <8dhi`9i2im2i

=m`1t a`m= m= 2rmstht8thm` =<s i;hs<tid h` M`t<rhm 2rhmr tm

ti r8h`;ym8r <8dhi`9i dmis`1t <vi ti 9m`ti5t!44

E<`<d<, is2 h` sit 82, s8ggirs grm <9a mg 9<rhty <rm8`d ti <=

<`d =<t i5<9ty hs :ih`; 9<i`;id *ht hs 9m2h9<tid :8t ti

i`thri gh rists m` 8`dirst<`dh`; ti sht8<thm`!4.

cthkotic+, dishti t!i ecior riem'`hthm` t!ot t!i dhseusshm` m Eoòdho` co(hs `mt lih`' di*icmid ot occ, kue! ciss h` o em!iri`t (o+, `mt!h`' hs dmì tmemrriet t!i rmlcik. )` oet, t!i hckkoirs mccm( t!i idhtmr7s od*hei tmcmsi t!i ditohcs%3 h`stiod m koh`' o` imrt tm icoh`. Os O`ìtti Ecori`mtis it1s sii =<t =i 9<` dm tm sh2hgy ti i;< h g̀m <t ti tm2%

lieousi 2im2i H<riJ hah`; m= 8h9ay =i ;it h`tm ti stmry mg ti =mi`,

<`d ti di:<ti, =htm8t <vh`; tm =r<2 m8r i<ds <rm8`d ti i;<hthis.%

O ticch`' ie!o`'i, dikm`stroth`' t!ot o` oeeuroti ririsi`tothm` m t!ieosi (os `mt o` hkmrto`t mlieth*i h` koh`' t!hs hck, meeurs (!i` o`h`dh*hduoc (rhtis O`ìtti Ecori tm od*hsi !ir t!ot <s mì `mt tmm g<hh<r

=ht 2rmstht8thm` <=s, 7 gm8`d ysig sh;ty 9m g̀8sid!7 9<` sii m=

dit<hid h`gmr<thm` h;t <t ti stmry, :8t gmr i, `m= a`m=h`; =<t ti

<= =<s <di ht viry 9<i`;h`; tm gmm= ti stmry 7 <d `m hdi< =<t

i<9 shdi =<s gh;th̀ ; gmr"i t=m shdis <ri 9i<r, :8t m= ti <= 2<ys

h`tm t<t hs `mt .%L O`ìtti Ecori eurtc+ rism`dsD

"<t1s tmm :<d ym8 <ri ti ghrst 2irsm` tm `mt 8`dirst<`d t<t

=i <ri di<h`; =ht < dhvhdid di:<ti :it=ii` 2rmstht8thm` <s <

i;hth<ti 9mh9i gmr =mi`, <`d 2rmstht8thm` <s < gmr mg

vhmi`9i <;<h`st =mi` <`d hì8<hty! "isi <ri ti :h;;ir

tiis t<t =i <ri ;mh`; <gtir!.6

%5

Hkohc, 2iriso Koe)`ìs tm O`ìtti Ecori, Juc+ 56, <6?<: O`ìtti Ecori tm 2irisoKoe)`ìs, Orhc ?L, <6?<.%% Hkohc, Khe!icci 8o` iusimk tm O`ìtti Ecori, Ou'ust 3, <6?<: O`ìtti Ecoritm 2iriso Koe)`ìs, Ou'ust ?, <6?<.%9 Hkohc, O`ìtti Ecori tm 2iriso Koe)`ìs, Orhc ?L, <6?<.%3 Hkohc, Ko`rid ieir tm 2iriso Koe)`ìs, Juc+ <%, <6?<.% Hkohc, O`ìtti Ecori tm 2iriso Koe)`ìs, Ou'ust 56, <6?<.% Hkohc, O`ìtti Ecori tm Khe!icci 8o` iusimk, Ou'ust <L, <6?<.%L Hkohc, Juchi Kotch` tm O`ìtti Ecori, Metmlir 56, <6?<.96 Hkohc, O`ìtti Ecori tm Juchi Kotch`, Metmlir 56, <6?<.

Voni ?4 mg <7



Eciorc+, t!i hckkoirs !od `m sirhmus h`ti`t tm oeeurotic+ ririsi`t t!hsem`sthtuthmòc e!occi`'i, os t!i+ (iri kmri h`tiristid h` em`strueth`' t!ieosi os o stro( ko` tm iilc+ ririsi`t o emu`tir(ih'!t o`d o`to'm`hst(ht! risiet tm t!i olmchthm`hst ecohks m 2rhs!o othi o`d t!i 1mki`7sEmochthm`. imri tur h̀`' tm t!hs em`trh*id em ̀chet lit(ii` t!i eosi o`d t!i

trui suliet m t!i dmeuki`tor+, ) (hcc dikm`stroti h` o i( s!mrt oro'ro!st!i iosi (ht! (!he! t!i co( o`d t!i em`sthtuthmòc e!occi`'i emucd !o*i liiòeeurotic+ mrtro+id ― o mrtro+oc t!ot *hrtuocc+ occ kidho mutcits !od chttcitrmulci risi`th`' h` t!ihr em*iro'i.

/icch`' si hs ci'oc: !m(i*ir, h +mu em`duet +mur lushìss h` o` h`dmmrcmeothm` +mu emucd li em`*hetid m t!i h`dhetolci mièi m iih`' oemkkm` lo(d+ !musi. )` oddhthm`, h +mu o+ smkimì tm rm*hdi +mu (ht!o`+ sir*heis tm em`duet +mur lushìss, i*i` h t!i sir*hei hs h` ricothm` tmsoit+ o`d sieurht+, t!i irsm` rm*hdh`' t!i sir*hei emucd li em`*hetid mt!i h`dhetolci mièi m ch*h`' m` t!i o*ohcs 4h.i. ior`h`'s m rmsthtuthm`.Ghòcc+, h +mu em`duet +mur lushìss h` o ulche coei o`d emkku`heoti (ht!o kiklir m t!i ulche mr t!hs urmsi +mu emucd li em`*hetid memkku`heoth`' h` o ulche coei 4h.i. smchehth`'.

/iethm` m 2!i E<rtir mg 3h;ts <`d ?riidms rmtiets t!i rh'!t tm chi,chlirt+ o`d sieurht+ m t!i irsm`. O`+ stoti oethm` t!ot hkohrs t!i iirehsim t!isi rh'!ts (hcc li uèm`sthtuthmòc u`ciss t!i hkohrki t̀ hs h` oeemrdoèi(ht! t!i rhèhcis m u`doki`toc usthei. )` t!hs eosi, (i hrst ìidid tmdikm`stroti os o kottir m oet o`d i*hdièi t!ot t!i co( hkohrid o si(mrir7s rh'!t tm !+sheoc sieurht+ m` t!i loshs t!ot t!i t!rii co(s mutchìd

olm*i occ toi o(o+ t!i (mrir7s ci'oc olhcht+ tm toi rudhki`tor+ soit+kiosuris, sue! os emkku`heoth`' (ht! eustmkirs, em`dueth`' lushìss rmko soi h`dmmr cmeothm` o`d !hrh`' sieurht+ irsm`ìc 4mr i*i` o rieithm`hst.

2!i emurts licm( mu`d t!ot mur i*hdièi rm*hdid m*ir(!ickh`' sumrt mrt!i ossirthm` t!ot t!i co( em`trhlutid tm o` hèriosid rhs m !ork tm si(mrirs. Mèi t!i hkohrki`t m sieurht+ (os dikm`strotid t!i ocheo`tsìidid tm t!i` dikm`stroti t!ot t!hs hkohrki`t (os `mt h` oeemrdoèi (ht!t!i rh̀ ehcis m u`doki`toc usthei. M*ir t!i +iors t!i emurts !o*idi*icmid ùkirmus rhèhcis m u`doki`toc usthei hècudh`' t!i rhèhci

t!ot o erhkhòc co( s!mucd `mt li m*irlrmod ―h.i. ht s!mucd `mt iti`d tmem`duet `mt ìeissor+ tm oe!hi*i t!i stoti mlieth*i. )` oddhthm`, t!i emurtsdi*icmid t!i rhèhci, eoccid 'rmss dhsrmmrthmòcht+, t!ot o`+ !orkuchkoet mr iiet m t!i co( s!mucd `mt mut(ih'! t!i hkmrtoèi m t!i stotimlieth*i. 2!i emurts licm( oeeitid t!i or'uki`t t!ot t!i lo(d+ !musico( o`d t!i ch*h`' m` t!i o*ohcs co( (iri lmt! m*irlrmod o`d t!ot t!i co(7sem`trhluthm` tm t!i hèriosid !ork oeid l+ si (mrirs (os 'rmssc+dhsrmmrthmòti tm t!i stoti7s mlieth*i m ridueh`' ùhsoèi. $m(i*ir, t!i

Voni ?9 mg <7



komrht+ m t!i Emurt m Oioc dhd `mt o'rii (ht! t!i /uirhmr Emurt7semècushm` t!ot t!i striit mièi m emkku`heoth̀ ' ocsm *hmcotid t!isirhèhcis m u`doki`toc usthei.

1ht! occ dui risiet, t!i hckkoirs suric+ emucd 'ros o`d ortheucoti smki

m t!isi rmmshthm`s sm os tm koi t!i e!occi`'i emki och*i o`d !o*i smkikio`h`'. 2!hs hs `mt ci'ochstheocc+ emkci. 1!hci t!iri ori ko`+ h`tiristh`'ùoèis olmut t!i i*hdièi o`d t!i i*mcuthm` m t!hs e!occi`'i rmk t!i?LL $mr;i`t<ir olmrthm` e!occi`'i o`d mt!ir e!occi`'is, ) !od `miietothm` t!ot t!i hckkoirs (iri 'mh`' tm risi`t o sm!hstheotid ci'ocoòc+shs m t!hs sh' h̀heo`t eosi. $m(i*ir, ht hs shkc+ dhsrisietuc tm t!iemurts, tm t!i dm>i`s m (htìssis h`*mc*id h` t!hs eosi o`d tm t!i ùkirmussi (mrirs (!msi *mheis (iri shcièid h` t!hs hck tm shkc+ 'cmss m*ir t!ieosi o`d rm*hdi `m sulsto`th*i ditohcs sm t!ot t!i *hi(ir eo` u`dirsto`dt!ot t!hs (os o` hkmrto`t kmki`t h` em`sthtuthmòc !hstmr+ o`d `mt shkc+smki *oeumus s!m( lih`' irmrkid m` o (!hksheoc loshs l+ 8ocirhi /emtto`d k+sic.

)t hs ecior t!ot ht (os hkmrto`t mr t!i hckkoirs tm em`struet t!i e!occi`'ios o` ikt+ o`d dhsh`'iùmus ci'oc koìu*ir emèih*id m l+ sumrtirs mo` u``m(` si h`dustr+. 2!hs ìidid tm li dmì mr drokothe iiet o`dlieousi t!i hckkoirs diehdid tm eost t!i e!occi`'i os t!i rism`si mremu`tir(ih'!t tm t!i ecohks m olmchthm`hsts. 2!iri (os `m sirhmus h`ti`t rmkt!i mutsit tm oeeurotic+ mrtro+ t!i e!occi`'i: rot!ir, t!i h`ti`t (os tmod*oèi t!i mchtheoc *hi(s m t!i hckkoirs. )t (os o khstoi l+ t!ihckkoirs tm lichi*i t!ot t!i em`sthtuthmòc e!occi`'i (os h` o`+ (o+ o

dhriet rism`si tm ecohks lih`' kodi l+ 2rhs!o othi o`d mt!ir olmchthm`hsts.Mur eosi (os olmut t!i h`*ochdothm` m o sit m co(s t!ot *hmcoti t!i E<`<dh<`

E<rtir mg 3h;ts <`d ?riidms lieousi t!i co(s, l+ dish'` mr l+ oeehdi`t,hèriosi t!i rhs m !ork mr t!msi i`'o'id h` t!i co(uc oeth*ht+ m sicch`'si. 2!i eosi hs olmut t!i hrrothmòcht+ m t!i eurri t̀ co( o`d t!i meus m t!ieosi (os m` t!i emèit m t!i ruci m co(, o`d `mt m` t!i mchtheoc dilotim*ir t!i kmroc *hrtui mr *hei m i`'o'h`' h` t!i soci m si.

)`*ochdoth`' o co( m` t!i loshs t!ot ht hs hrrothmòc o`d orlhtror+ hs o` ottoe m`t!i kit!md e!msi` l+ Iorchoki`t tm oe!hi*i hts stoti mlieth*is lut ht dmis

`mt e!occi`'i Iorchoki`t7s rh'!t tm mutco( rmsthtuthm` h ht (hs!id tm dm sm. )`mt!ir (mrds, em`sthtuthmòc h`*ochdothm` hs `mt o mchtheoc ecohk mrdierhkhòch>othm` mr ci'och>othm`. )t hs shkc+ o kit!md m rikm*h̀ ' o`hrrothmòc o`d !orkuc co( sm t!ot mur co(koirs eo` 'm loe tm t!i dro(h`'lmord o`d emki u (ht! o ì( co( ― o co( t!ot ko+ li kmri u`hth*i mrkmri chliroc, lut mì t!ot hs `mt hrrothmòc o`d !orkuc tm t!msi i`'o'id h`ci'oc oeth*ht+. Gmr t!hs riosm` ) od*hsid t!i hckkoirs durh`' k+ h`tir*hi(t!otD 71 `mt <ah`; <=, (<rh<i`t <ais <=! 71 <sah`; < 9m8rt tm

Voni ?7 mg <7



h`v<hd<ti :<d <=s! 7 <vi `m m:h;<thm`, <`d 7 sm8d`1t, tm ri9mi`d ti

<tir`<thvi! 7t sm8d 9mi grm m8r <=<airs t<ah̀ ; h`28t grm

st<aimdirs! Um 2im2i <sa i, ym8 a`m=, G< 7 di9rhh`<hFh`;, < 7

i;<hFh`;1 - 7 dm 1̀t a`m=! 9?

Mur eosi dhd `mt dhrietc+ mr h`dhrietc+ i`'o'i t!i hssuis rohsid l+ t!iolmchthm h̀sts. )` o ùts!icc, t!i olmchthm h̀st mshthm` hs eoturid l+ t!iossirthm` m t!i Emochthm` O'oh`st t!i 2roheh`' m 1mki` 4EO21 t!ot occrmsthtuthm` hs icmhtothm`, ri'ordciss m em`si`t.9< M emursi, t!hs *hi(mh`ths kmri sm!hstheotid t!o` t!i scm'o`, lut suhei ht tm so+, t!i olmchthm`hstsori emkkhttid tm t!i olmchthm` mr irodheothm` m t!i rmisshm`, o`d `mt tm t!iemèit m koh̀ ' o ci'oc rmisshm` soir tm em`duet. Emkorh`' murmshthm` (ht! t!i olmchthm`hst mshthm` hs chi emkorh`' ocis tm mro`'is.Mur eosi tur`s m` t!i eurri`t mirothm` m t!i co( o`d t!i chkhtid stotimlieth*is (!he! u`dirchi t!i eurri`t co(, (!irios t!i olmchthm h̀st ecohksios tm t!i ìid mr o ì( co( losid um` ì(c+-dish'ìd o`d mrkucotidstoti mlieth*is. O em`sthtuthmòc e!occi`'i ricotis tm eurri`t co(s, (!iriosmchtheoc oklhthm`s ricoti tm uturi co(s.

1!hci h` t!i Emurt m Oioc ) dhd lrhic+ oddriss t!i olmchthm`hst ecohkslieousi t!i+ !od lii` rohsid mr em`shdirothm` l+ t!i h`tir*iìrs (!m h'urirmkhì`tc+ h̀ t!i km*hi. ) shkc+ sohd 4os ) !o*i sohd h̀ ko`+ h`tir*hi(st!ot t!i olmchthm`hst ecohk hs o` h`tiristh`' hdimcm'heoc mr !hcmsm!heoc t!imr+sulserhlid tm l+ smki se!mcors o`d oeth*hsts, lut ht dmis `mt ririsi`t t!ieurri`t stoti m oohrs o`d os sue! ht hs `mt rici*o`t tm t!i em`sthtuthmòchssuis rohsid h` t!hs eosi. 2!hs dmis `mt sio tm o drokothe em`chet lit(ii`

t!i olmchthm`hsts o`d t!i eosi, o`d t!i hckkoir s!mucd `m( t!hs. &ishti!m*irh̀ ' mutshdi t!i Emurt m Oioc (!hci t!i eosi (os lih̀ ' !iord, )susiet t!ot t!i hckkoirs (iri iht!ir olsi`t rmk, mr oscii durh`' t!ioetuoc !iorh`' m t!i eosi. 2!i dhsem`ìet lit(ii` mur eosi o`d t!i ecohksm olmchthm`hsts (os oori`t tm i*ir+mì ieit t!i hckkoirs o`d t!iolmchthm h̀sts. 2!i hckkoirs (iri emrriet h` lichi*h`' t!ot t!iri hs omcorh>id diloti okm`'st ikh`hsts os tm t!i emrriet mchtheoc irsieth*i tmodmt m` t!i hssui m rmsthtuthm`, lut t!i em`sthtuthmòc e!occi`'i (os `mtort m t!hs mcorh>id diloti.

2!i hrm`+ m t!hs ocsi em`chet hs t!i ohcuri m t!i hckkoirs o`d t!iolmchthm`hsts tm rioch>i t!ot rmk o stroti'he o`d mchtheoc irsieth*i t!i+s!mucd !o*i lii` sumrth`' mur e!occi`'i. O emurt m co( eo``mt hkmsi mrerioti t!i /(idhs! kmdic, lut t!i h`*ochdothm` m t!i eurri`t co(s (mucd utt!hs hssui s;uoric+ m` t!i ci'hscoth*i o'i`do. Os t!h`'s eurri`tc+ sto`d, t!i

9? 2ro`serht m )`tir*hi(, Juì ?, <6?? ot ?<D9LD%6.9< Emochthm` O'oh`st 2roheh`' h` 1mki` 4Metmlir <?, <6?5, m`chìDA!ttDCC(((.eot(h`tiròthmòc.mr'CIrmietsEokoh'`sC0idih`h`'.

Voni ?> mg <7









o`d t!ot k+ m`c+ rioc h`tirist (os, h` O`ìtti Ecori7s (mrds, tm <st8r:<ti

=ht ti idh<.3%

)t oiors t!ot t!hs hethmòc oeemu`t m k+ dhs'uhsi o`d k+stirhmus !hddiò'i`do ikir'is rmk mì hkrm*hdi`t stotiki`t ) kodi h` t!i emursi m o

L6 khùti h`tir*hi( (ht! t!i hckkoirs. @ior t!i i`d m t!i h`tir*hi( )koi o stotiki`t olmut !m( ) rmeiidid tm ut tm'it!ir t!hs eosi. ) kust`mti t!ot h` t!i &8& rm*hdid m t!i ucc h`tir*hi(, ht hs ecior t!ot smkit!h`'!os lii` idhtid mut rhmr tm k+ koh`' t!hs stotiki`t. ) ok emèirìd t!ott!hs stotiki`t !os lii` toi` mut m em`tit. @mìt!iciss, ) stotiD Biri1s

ti si9rit, tm8;, 7 =<``< ti ym8! (im2i dm`1t 9mi tm i tm dm ti 9<si!

7 ;m tm ti! 7 9mi 82 =ht ti hss8i, 7 9mi 82 =ht ti <r;8i`t, <`d

ti` 7 gh`d ti rh;t 2im2i gmr ti 9<si!39

)`tiristh`'c+, t!i rmdueir, 0o*hdo &h`7s h`hthoc rism`si tm t!hs ;umtothm` hssmki(!ot ;uh>>heocD O<` dhs98ssid hs str<ti;y <`d hs si9rit *2im2i dm`1t

9mi tm i, 7 ;m tm ti ths hs h`tiristh`; :8t 7 =m`dir =<t ti h`ti`thm`

hs! Ori =i tryh`; tm 2mh`t m8t hs m=` 2irsm`< mthv<thm`s gmr t<ah`; ti

9<si! Dmis ht <vi `mth`; tm dm =ht =mi` *2rmstht8tis =m =<`t 9<`;i

^<t <ri < <`d "irry &i< 1̀s mthv<thm`s gmr =mrah`; =ht O<`! "iy <ri

8st sirvh`; hs 28r2msi 7t1s 8`9i<r tm i! "iy <ri tmt<y sirvh`; hs

28r2msi, 8st hai tiy <ri sirvh`; mtir i`<`d =ht ti rh;t 2<9ii`t

<tir, ths sm8d =mra, 7 thà . 33 $m(i*ir, mì km`t! cotir s!i `m( siis t!i;umtothm` os lih`' m u`doki`toc hkmrtoèi tm t!i km*hiD O<` s9iì

=i` i hs 2ri2<rh`; gmr hs 9<si <`d rivi<s t<t i ;mis tm 2im2i!!!h!i! i

9m`str89ts ti 9<i`;i! "hs hs s89 < 9rhth9< mi`t! +>

) oe`m(cid'i t!ot t!i usi m t!i (mrd sierit i*mis k+stir+ o`d h`trh'uio`d ) ri'rit ush`' t!hs (mrd (!i` ) eciorc+ h`ti`did tm sio tm k+ stroti'+o`d `mt o`+t!h`' m o sierith*i òturi. $m(i*ir, ht hs hèmèih*olci t!ot t!ihckkoirs emucd rioe! t!i emècushm` t!ot ) (os ush`' t!i ocheo`ts mrsmki sierit urmsi rmk o stotiki`t, (!he! odkhttidc+ ko+ li orrm'o`t,lut dmis `mt ri*ioc smki kostir co` m o dholmcheoc òturi. M emursi, t!ihckkoirs luhcd m` t!hs sierit l+ eoriucc+ sicieth`' ro`dmk o`d s!mrt;umtothm`s rmk o ci`'t!+ h`tir*hi( (!iì*ir ) sio m k+ eosi mr k+imci. 2!i+ em`di`si o`d s!uci t!i si;uièi m i*i`ts eoturid m*ir o`

!mur h` k+ !mki, (!i` t!i Emurt m Oioc diehshm` hs lih`' rieih*id l+ k+studi`ts, 2irrh-Jio`, o`d ), tm erioti t!i hkrisshm` m o ti`si otkms!iri h`(!he! ) iirehsi o cmud o`d dmkhòth`' rmci o`d ticc 2irrh (!ot s!i ìids tmso+ tm t!i kidho. 2!i !h'!c+ em`di`sid *irshm` m riocht+ liors `m

3% Hkohc, O`ìtti Ecori tm 2iriso Koe)`ìs, Juì , <6?<.39 2ro`serht m )`tir*hi(, Juì ?, <6??, ?5D<6D9L33 Hkohc, 0o*hdo &h` tm O`ìtti Ecori, Orhc ?, <6?<.3 Hkohc, 0o*hdo &h` tm O`ìtti Ecori, Juì <, <6?<.

Voni <? mg <7



ricothm`s!h tm t!i !mur cm`' mmto'i ) ri*hi(id. 2!iri hs smki ìr*muso`thehothm` mr rieiht m t!i ud'ki`t lut t!i otkms!iri m t!i i*i`t hs;uhti ricoid, rhi`dc+ o`d uliot. Occ h` occ, (!i` mì ri*hi(s t!i siciethm`m ;umtothm`s rmk h`tir*hi(s, riss emìrièis o`d kidho seruks htliemkis ecior t!ot t!i siciethm` (os dish'ìd tm rih`mrei O`ìtti Ecori7s

hdio t!ot ) ok ort m t!i em`thùuk o`d s+stikhe sihsk o`d roehsk t!othècudis Ihetm`.

Iutth`' oshdi t!i mmr e!mhei m t!i (mrd sierit, ht hs ecior rmk lmt! t!ii`thri h`tir*hi(, o`d k+ ost !hstmr+ (ht! em`sthtuthmòc e!occi`'is, t!ot t!istotiki`t t!ot ) he t!i or'uki`t o`d t!i ocheo`ts hs o riciethm` m t!ici'oc stroti'+ ikcm+id h` occ m k+ em`sthtuthmòc e!occi`'is. 2!iem`si`suoc erhkis ) e!occi`'i ori occ kh`mr mièis o`d (!i` ) !o*i lrmu'!tem`sthtuthmòc e!occi`'is tm t!isi mièis, os ort m dii`dh`' o` oeeusidm` o erhkhòc e!or'i, t!i Erm(` mti` (hcc (ht!dro( t!i e!or'i h`stiod mtoh`' t!i rhs t!ot t!i mièi ko+ li h`*ochdotid h t!i eosi rmeiids.Oeemrdh`'c+, ) `m( toi t!i ormoe! m (ohth`' mr t!i rh'!t thki tm lrh`' oe!occi`'i, h.i. (!i` t!i ci'oc o`d mchtheoc echkoti (mucd li rieith*i tm t!iecohk, o`d ) t!i` h`d ocheo`ts (!m sumrt t!i e!occi`'i tm h`hthoti eh*hcrmeiidh`'s tm diecori t!i mièi h`*ochd.

Oct!mu'! k+ h`tir*hi( dhd `mt meus m` t!hs !hstmr+, ) dm lichi*i t!ot t!itro`serhts m t!i h`tir*hi( 4o`d k+ se!mcors!h o`d lmm dikm`stroti t!ott!i hckkoirs (mucd !o*i lii` suhehi`tc+ o(ori m t!hs stroti'+ o`d ht hs(hccucc+ lch`d mr t!ik tm !o*i em`struetid sh`hstir hkcheothm`s tm surrmu`d(!ot hs `mt!h`' kmri t!o` t!i iirehsi m smu`d chth'othm` stroti'his. )` k+

h`tir*hi( ) lrhic+ smi m t!i em`si`suoc erhki chth'othm` stroti'+ os mccm(sD

$y :h;;ir hss8i =<s 2mt :i9<8si 7 smai <rh8<`< sm ht

:i9<i 2irsm`<! L8t 7 9<i`;id ;<:h`;, 7 <ti ;<:h`;, 7

ìvir ;<:i! 7 9<i`;id 2mr`m;r<2y, 7 dm`1t <vi <

2rm:i =ht 2mr̀ m;r<2y! "hs mì HLidgmrdJ =<s smrt mg shtth`;

ti :<9a;rm8`d :i9<8si mg ti '//6 di9hshm` H82mdh`; ti

2rmstht8thm` <=sJ! 7 aì= 7 9m8d`1t dm <`yth`; <:m8t ht sm 7

dhd 1̀t ri<y thà <s 89 <:m8t ht! L8t 7 thà 7 <ri<dy

di9hdid i<ry m` h` y 9<riir 7 ivi`t8<y =m8d rit8r` tm ht7t

=<s 8st mì mg tmsi hss8is shtth`; m` ti :<9a :8r̀ ir <s <9m`si`s8< 9rhi t<t 7 =m8d rit8r` tm =i` 7 =<s g<r i`m8;

<=<y grm '//6! O`d ti` htir<y h` 0660, =i` tiy st<rtid

dh;;h`; 82 ti :mdhis <`d tiy 9<8;t ti Nrii` 3hvir Ahir, 7

aì= 7 =<s ri<dy! 7` ti s<i =<y 7 <8`9id ti <rh8<`<

9<i`;i =i` Chs< Uh2sm` st<rtid <ah`; mais <:m8t Mttm

smah`; 2mt m` ti Uh2sm`s! 7 ìidid smith̀ ; h` 2m28<r

Voni << mg <7



98t8ri tm ah9a st<rt i :<9a h`tm ti hss8i <`d sm t<t1s =<t

<22iìd!+@

Gurt!ir, ht hs shkc+ (rm`' mr t!i hckkoirs tm mrtro+ t!i e!occi`'i os oìirehsi h` kidho ko`hucothm` (!i` ) irissc+ tmcd t!ik h` t!i h`tir*hi(

t!ot t!hs riei`t e!occi`'i !od chttci tm dm (ht! or'uh`' o eosi h` t!i kidho. )sohdD

7 <vi :ii` =mrah`; m` ti 9<i`;i tm 9m`si`s8< 9rhis

sh̀ 9i '/@/ <`d mst mg ti 9<i`;is, =itir ht =<s tm

;<:h̀ ; <=, =itir ht =<s tm <rh8<`< 2mssisshm`, =iri

dmì =ht ti a`m=id;i t<t 7 =<s ;mh`; tm msi :i9<8si ht =<s

<virh9a-ty2i hth;<thm !̀ L8t :y <`h28<th`; ti idh<, =h9

hs ti =rm`; =mrd, 7 ;8iss ri9r8hth̀ ; hs < :ittir =mrd t<`

<`h28<th̀ ;, =i =iri <:i tm ;it <` hss8i h`tm ti 28:h9

<;i`d<! Um gmr i5<2i, <rh8<`<, =i sth <vi ti <=s :8t

sh`9i 7 dhd ti 9<i`;i h` 1/>, 7 i<` ym8 9<`1t ;m :y < m`t

=htm8t siih`; smi 2mt stmry <`d smi 9< gmr 9<`;i! Um

=i` 7 i`tirid ths mì ht =<s 2ritty 89 h` ti s<i

gr<i=mra t<t 7 tm8;t Gma, it i 8st i52msi ti hss8i <`d

;it 2im2i t<ah`; <;<h`1! "i mri 7 =mraid m` ti 9<si, ti

mri risi<r9 7 dhd, 7 st<rtid tm gii t<t <y:i ht =<s`1t 8st <

9<si <:m8t 28:h9 ri<thm`s <`d m2th9s :8t hs <9t8<y < =h``<:i

9m`stht8thm`< 9<i`;i! O`d ti` =i` 7 s<= m= ti

;mvirì`t ris2m`did 7 ivi` <d mri 9m`ghdi`9i :i9<8si

tiy dhd`1t sii tm :i ris2m`dh`; tm m8r 9<h, tiy siiid tm

:i tryh`; tm 9ri<ti <` h2risshm` t<t 2rmstht8thm` h:ir<hFid h`<`y =<y hs sh2y ;mh`; tm distrmy ti g<:rh9 mg E<`<dh<`

sm9hity! "ihr 2mshthm` =<s sm h divim2id, <`d `mt `8<`9id,

<`d ystirh9< t<t <s thi =i`t m` 7 :ihivid =i1d =h !̀ 7 git

;mmd <:m8t ti <22h9<thm` htsig! +/

)` t!i *ir+ mrthm` m t!i h`tir*hi( h` (!he! ) ri*ioc t!i sierit ) t!i` siotm t!i hckkoirs olmut t!i riosm`s mr osh`' idmrd, /emtt o`d "ilm*hte!tm sir*i os ocheo`ts mr t!hs e!occi`'i. )` t!i mccm(h̀ ' ieirt ) !o*i uth` lmcd t!i (mrds, ch̀ is o`d !rosis dicitid rmk t!i km*hi os t!hs

dikm`strotis !m( eoriucc+ t!i hckkoirs idhtid t!i h`tir*hi(s trh*hoch>it!i ocheo`ts o`d tm rih`mrei t!i hdio t!ot t!i+ (iri kiri o(`s (ht! `mrioc h`tirist h` t!i hssui mt!ir t!o` lih`' smu`d-lhti smisirsm`s (!m eoì`tirtoh` kidho lut `mt oetuocc+ idueoti mt!irs (ht! h`sh'!t 'ohìd rmk ostiirhièi. 2!iri hs shkc+ `m ieusi mr t!hs t+i m uìt!heoc idhth`'D

3 2ro`serht m )`tir*hi(, Juì ?, <6??, ?5D6LD6%L: ?5D??D5<.3L 2ro`serht m )`tir*hi(, Juì ?, <6??, ?<D?5D5%.

Voni <5 mg <7



)`hthocc+ ht (os 2irrh-Jio` ,ieou-i ) *ì+ #irrh4 ) koh`tohì

o (rhi`-$h/ +ht$ $ir -hèi ) h $ir trho' h` t$i 'oti 3;?-.

/!i7s o *ir+ `hei irsm`, o *ir+ ;uhr+, `hei irsm`. O` -m )

+o`ti tm m t$i eo-i +ht$ $ir ,ieou-i !ir chi stmr+dikm`strotid k+ eosi +$he$ h- ymu *`m+4 t$i /hk/h`n4 t$i

run ohethm`4 t$i $mrrmr- m( t$i -triit o` -ui`'y-$i nmi- h`mmr- o- o mkhòtrhx +ht$ o riei/thm`h-t4 $ir

,my(rhi` h- -ieurhty o` ht?- t$i km-t ik/m+iri nmm

thki m( $ir 'h(i4 th'' -$i?- rohi. Um $ir -tmry +o- nmm.

O`d t!i` ) rikiklir riodh`' olmut 8oc. ieousi 8oc (os oòd*meoti o` $o oetuo''y o//iori h` t$i 0mu-i m(

2mkkm`- urh`n t$i emkku`heothm` $iorh`n-. O`d ) kit(ht! !ir ot t!i `h*irsht+ m 2mrm`tm. ) t!mu'!t s!i (os o *ir+'mmd smisirsm` m` t!hs hssui, chi, s!i riocc+ ì( (!ot tmso+, t!i rh'!t t!h`'s tm so+ o`d `mt !hstrhm`he o`d s!i sm kue!(o`tid tm li ort m ht ,ieou-i $ir 'inoey h- 'o+ ri(mrk. Um

t$ot +o- (hì. Um `m+ ) $o ky t+m /'oh`th((-. 6

2!i rikm*oc m h*i (mrds lieousi !ir ci'oe+ hs co( rimrk hs ̀ mt!h`' kmrit!o` o dichliroti km*i tm koh̀ toh̀ t!i ocsi hko'i m o smu`d-lhtismisirsm` (ht! `m sirhmus !hstmr+ m h`*mc*iki`t (ht! t!i mchtheoc hssuis.O`d, m emursi, 2irrh hs rici'otid tm t!i ;uhr+ erm(d mèi t!i hckkoirsmkht t!i sh' h̀heoèi m !ir h`*mc*iki`t. O`d, t!i ottir` m trh*hoch>othmò`d dhskhssoc em`thùis mr t!i t!hrd ocheo`t, Ok+ "ilm*hte!. Otir o lrhidhseusshm` m t!i emèit m ci'oc sto`dh`' o`d t!i mti`thoc ìid tm h`d o`

ocheo`t (!m hs eurri`tc+ (mrh`', ) 'm m` tm so+ 4idhtid mrthm`s h` lmcdD

/m ) sohd, 8oc, h̀ d ki smkimì eurri`tc+ (mrh̀ ' +$m eo`

-to` u/ (mr $ir-i'( o` to'* o,mut +$ot -$i mi- 7. O`dt!ot7s !m( Ok+ eoki m`-lmord. O` Oky?- -tmry h- &iry

hk/mrto`t (mr t$i eo-i ,ieou-i -$i mi-`?t +o`t tm +mr*

m` t$i -triit-. U$i $o- $ir m+` $mki o` -$i $o-

-irhmu- emèir`- o,mut (mr(ihturi ,ieou-i ,o+y$mu-i h-

kmri -hn`h(heo`t. ) kio`4 emkku`heothm` h- o,mut o-

kh`mr o` m((i`-i o- ymu eo` nit. Um t$h`* m( +$ot t$i

nm&ir`ki`t -oh4 o`y km&iki`t h`mmr- h- `mt 5u-t oerhki4 ht?- o kue$ kmri -irhmu- erhki.=!

Ghòcc+, t!i !io*hc+ sicietid idhth`' t!rmu'!mut t!i hck hs ocsm dish'ìd tmerioti o` ur'i`t em`chet lit(ii` t!i emkicch`' stmrhis m olmchthm`hst o`d okoci co(+ir (!m hs `mt km*id l+ t!isi òrroth*is. Os 0o*hdo &h` `mtisD

6 2ro`serht m )`tir*hi(, ?5D<6D9L? 7:hd.

Voni <4 mg <7



tiri hs < si`si mg 8r;i`9y t<t ri<y ìids tm :i ih;tiìd <s =i mvi

trm8; ti stmrhis!?mr i5<2i, =i` "rhs s<ys 7 =mraid =ht (h9atm`1s

vh9ths <`d O<` 9mis :<9a =ht dm`1t 8si ym8r m=` i52irhi`9i

tisi <ri h2mrt<`t :i9<8si O<` hs ì;<th`; =mi`1s i52irhi`9i<`d :y

ths thi 7 gii i hs 8sh`; =mi` <`y=<y . <

1!i` 0o*hdo &h` riirs tm k+ stotiki`t dm`7t usi +mur m(` iirhièi )(os `mt ì'oth`' o`+mì7s iirhièi o`d t!hs (os `mt (!ot (os oetuocc+sohd. )` t!i km*hi t!i hckkoirs e!msi t!hs ;umtothm` rmk o kidho seruk 7

s<y tm tisi 2im2i, 71 smrry gmr =<t <22iìd tm ym8, :8t dm`1t

i5tr<2m<ti grm ym8r i52irhi`9i h`tm 28:h9 2mh9y tiri1s < 8;i ;<2

:it=ii` tisi th`;s.

) (os `mt rm*hdid (ht! t!i tro`serhts m kidho seruks lut ) dhd cmeoti oòrtheci (rhtti` l+ o rimrtir rmk t!i Eoòdho` Iriss (!m (os risi`t ot t!iseruk. 2!i ortheci stotisD

Xm8`;, =m s2mai m8tshdi 9m8rt <s #<;y <`d L<2thi stmmd

:ih`d h s<ah̀ ; tihr i<ds s<hd tiri hs `m dm8:t <`y

=mi` <vi <d mrrhgh9 i52irhi`9is h` ti si5 tr<di <`d

<;riid t<t (<rh<i t̀ ìids tm <ddriss ti sm9h< 2rm:is! 7

s<y tm tisi 2im2i, 71 smrry gmr =<t <22iìd tm ym8, :8t

dm 1̀t i5tr<2m<ti grm ym8r i52irhi`9i h`tm 28:h9 2mh9y!

Xm8`; s<hd! ^<t ths i<`s hs ti 2im2i =m 9<` t<ai 9<ri

mg tisivis =h <vi ti m2thm` tm t<ai 9<ri mg tisivis!

"i 2im2i =m 9<`1t, ti st<ti ìids tm t<ai 9<ri mg ti! >%

Os eo` li sii` t!i tmì o`d idhth`' m t!i ì(soir em*iro'i hs dhiri`tt!o` 0o*hdo &h̀ 7s s!mrt ech usid tm su''ist t!i ì'othm` m (mki`7siirhièis. 2!i hckkoirs eoriucc+ o`d th'!tc+ idhtid ko`+ m k+stotiki`ts tm erioti t!i hkrisshm` t!ot ) ok sku'c+ dhskhssh*i m t!isirhmus ecohks kodi l+ t!i olmchthm`hsts. ) s!mucd ocsm ki`thm` t!ot ) !odì*ir kit 2rhs!o othi o`d (os `mt o(ori t!ot s!i (os mì m t!irmtistmrs mutshdi t!i Emurt m Oioc o`d t!ot s!i (os sto`dh`' li!h`d ki(!i` ) (os sioh`' (ht! t!i kidho. ) susiet t!ot t!i hckkoirs (iri!mh`' mr smki smrt m em`rm`tothm` lit(ii` 2rhs!o o`d ) tm sumrt t!i

ocsi em`chet t!ot drh*is t!i km*hi. Gmrtuòtic+ t!hs dhd `mt !oi`, o`d ht(mucd ì*ir !o*i !oiìd, os ) (mucd ì*ir di`+ t!i iirhièi m t!msi(!m !o*i suirid (!hci (mrh`' h` t!i si trodi. $m(i*ir, ) dm lichi*i t!otmì kust 'it li+m`d oìedmtoc i*hdièi (!i` mì hs di*icmh`' ulchemche+ (ht! o *hi( tm iòeth̀ ' o ì( ci'oc ri'hki. )t hs hkmrto`t tm

< Hkohc, 0o*hdo &h` tm O`ìtti Ecori, Orhc ?, <6?<.5 Jud'is @m( &iehdh`' Em`sthtuthmòcht+ m Irmsthtuthm` "o(s. Eoòdho` Iriss, Juì?, <6??.

Voni <9 mg <7



ditirkhì t!i ri*ocièi o`d ri;uiè+ m lod meeurrièis, o`d t!i eousocoetmrs ciodh`' tm t!hs dmeuki`tid ri*ocièi, limri mì iòets o ci'ocrism`si tm o smehoc rmlcik. 2!hs ko+ li o ido`the stotiki t̀ lut ht !os`mt!h`' tm dm (ht! ì'oth`' t!i iirhièi m (mki`.

% Emècushm`

O'oh` ) omcm'h>i mr t!i ci`'t! m t!hs cittir, lut trut! li tmcd, t!iri oriko`+ kmri iokcis ) emucd !o*i rm*hdid m khsririsi`tothm` o`dko`hucothm` m kisso'i o`d hko'i l+ t!i hckkoirs. $m(i*ir, ) !mi )!o*i rm*hdid +mu (ht! suhehi`t i*hdièi tm em`*hèi +mu t!ot smkit!h`'s!mucd li dmì olmut t!i coe m h`ti'rht+ dikm`strotid l+ t!i hckkoirs h`t!ihr usi m ulche u`ds tm od*oèi sumrt mr o mchtheoc mlieth*i.

) dm `mt (hs! tm riiot k+sic lut ) dm (hs! tm ik!osh>i t!ot k+ emkcoh`tso`d emèir`s iti`d or li+m`d k+ si`si m *hmcothm` o`d dhs'ust h` !o*h`'lii` rieruhtid tm orthehoti h` o hck dish'ìd tm di`h'roti k+ ko`+ +iorsm !ord, uòhd (mr m` di*icmh`' t!hs e!occi`'i. ) (rhti t!hs cittir lieousi) dm t!h` ht hs s!okiuc t!ot ulche u`dh`' iorkorid mr t!i rmduethm` mkm*his dish'ìd tm ririsi`t Eoòdo emucd i`d u lih`' usid mr o km*hi(!he! trh*hoch>is t!i E<`<dh<` E<rtir mg 3h;ts <`d ?riidms, khsririsi`tst!i stoti m Eoòdho` co( (!hci m*ir-ririsi`th`' t!i *ocui m t!i co( m omrih'` urhsdhethm`, o`d shcièis t!i *mheis m ko`+ (mki` h` Eoòdo (!mlichi*i t!ot soit+ hs kmri hkmrto`t t!o` hdimcm'+.

=murs truc+,

Oco` =mu`'

Hèc.

Documents

Professor Young's letter to the NFB