Progressivism Under Taft & Progressivism Under Taft & WilsonWilson

Ch. 18 Sec. 3Ch. 18 Sec. 3

Taft’s PresidencyTaft’s Presidency

Continued Roosevelt’s reformsContinued Roosevelt’s reformsAttacking trustsAttacking trustsPreserving public landsPreserving public lands

Alienated ProgressivesAlienated ProgressivesCaused a crisis in the Republican PartyCaused a crisis in the Republican Party

Taft & TariffsTaft & Tariffs

Promised to lower tariffs in his campaignPromised to lower tariffs in his campaignSigned the Payne-Aldrich Tariff into lawSigned the Payne-Aldrich Tariff into law

Lower than the previous tariffLower than the previous tariffStill included highly protective measuresStill included highly protective measuresProgressives furious with Taft!Progressives furious with Taft!

Rift in the Republican PartyRift in the Republican Party

Republican Progressives began to team Republican Progressives began to team up with Democrats to attack the “old up with Democrats to attack the “old guard” Republicans in the Houseguard” Republicans in the House

By 1910 Republicans were splitBy 1910 Republicans were split In the 1910 elections, Theodore Roosevelt In the 1910 elections, Theodore Roosevelt

campaigned for Progressive candidatescampaigned for Progressive candidates

New NationalismNew Nationalism

Theodore Roosevelt’s platform for the Theodore Roosevelt’s platform for the candidates he worked for in 1910candidates he worked for in 1910Business regulationBusiness regulationWelfare lawsWelfare lawsWorkplace protection for women & childrenWorkplace protection for women & children Income taxIncome tax Inheritance taxInheritance taxVoting reformVoting reform

Election of 1912Election of 1912

Taft (R) vs. Wilson (D) vs. Roosevelt (Bull Taft (R) vs. Wilson (D) vs. Roosevelt (Bull Moose) vs. Debs (Labor)Moose) vs. Debs (Labor)

Bull Moose Party:Bull Moose Party:Tariff reductionTariff reductionWomen’s suffrageWomen’s suffrageMore regulation of businessMore regulation of businessChild labor banChild labor ban8 hour work day8 hour work dayDirect election of senatorsDirect election of senators

Election of 1912Election of 1912

Woodrow Wilson – “New Freedom”Woodrow Wilson – “New Freedom”Criticized big business & big governmentCriticized big business & big governmentPromised to enforce anti-trust laws without Promised to enforce anti-trust laws without

threatening economic competitionthreatening economic competitionLower tariffsLower tariffsFederal income taxFederal income tax

Results of the ElectionResults of the Election

Roosevelt, former Republican, and Taft, Roosevelt, former Republican, and Taft, current Republican, split that portion of the current Republican, split that portion of the vote allowing Wilson to win easilyvote allowing Wilson to win easily

Wilson won 41% of the popular vote and Wilson won 41% of the popular vote and nearly 82% of the electoral votesnearly 82% of the electoral votes

Democrats also took control of the House Democrats also took control of the House of Representatives and Senate in this of Representatives and Senate in this electionelection

Wilson as PresidentWilson as President

Underwood Tariff, 1913Underwood Tariff, 1913Reduced avg. rate from 40% to 25%Reduced avg. rate from 40% to 25%

1616thth Amendment added to the constitution Amendment added to the constitutionCollection of a federal income taxCollection of a federal income tax

Appointed Louis Brandeis to the Supreme Appointed Louis Brandeis to the Supreme Court – 1Court – 1stst Jewish justice Jewish justice

Clayton Anti-Trust ActClayton Anti-Trust Act

Passed in 1914 & strengthened the Passed in 1914 & strengthened the Sherman Act of 1890.Sherman Act of 1890.

Specifically stated activities that were Specifically stated activities that were illegal for businesses to practiceillegal for businesses to practice

Legalized unions & their methods of Legalized unions & their methods of protest – strikes, boycotts, picketsprotest – strikes, boycotts, pickets

Prevented courts from issuing injunctions Prevented courts from issuing injunctions against labor unionsagainst labor unions

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

Created in 1914Created in 1914Job was to enforce the Clayton Act & set Job was to enforce the Clayton Act & set

up fair trade lawsup fair trade lawsGiven the power to order businesses to Given the power to order businesses to

“cease & desist” illegal practices“cease & desist” illegal practices

The Federal Reserve SystemThe Federal Reserve System

Designed to prevent the financial panics that Designed to prevent the financial panics that plagued the U.S. in the late 1800’splagued the U.S. in the late 1800’s

Divides the country into 12 districtsDivides the country into 12 districts Each district has a federal bankEach district has a federal bank Every bank in the district was required to join the Every bank in the district was required to join the

system & deposit some of its cash reserves in the system & deposit some of its cash reserves in the federal bankfederal bank

Member banks could borrow from the federal bankMember banks could borrow from the federal bank Created a new national currency: federal reserve Created a new national currency: federal reserve

notesnotes