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A Project Report On Water level indicator In Partial fulfillment of the diploma In Electronics and Communication Engineering Submitted By: Submitted To: Amandeep singh gill Ms. Bharti 6105/2k9 Lect. Electronics Shiv kumar 6137/2k9 ECE 4 th sem

Proj. Report

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Page 1: Proj. Report

A

Project Report

On

Water level indicator

In

Partial fulfillment of the diploma

In

Electronics and Communication Engineering

Submitted By: Submitted To:

Amandeep singh gill Ms. Bharti

6105/2k9 Lect. Electronics

Shiv kumar

6137/2k9

ECE 4th sem

Chandigarh College of Engineering & Technology

Sector-26

160019

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Index

S .No. Topic Page No.

1. Certificate 1

2. Acknowledgement 2

3. Contents 3

4. Datasheet HEF40106B 4-13

5. Introduction 14

6. Components Required 15

7. Circuit Diagram 16

8. Circuit Description 17

9. Applications 18

10. Conclusion 19

11. Bibliography 20

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Certificate

It is certified that Amandeep singh gill bearing Registration No. 009096104257 and Shiv rana bearing Registration No. 00909610 has successfully completed their project ‘Water level indicator’ in the partial fulfillment of diploma Electronics and Communication Engineering.

Ms. Bharti

Lecturer E.C.E.

C.C.E.T.

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Acknowledgement

We take immense pleasure in thanking Ms. Bharti, Lect. ECE and Ms. Sarabjeet Kaur, Lect. ECE for having permitted me to carry out this project work.

We wish to express our deep sense of gratitude to our Internal Guide, Ms.Bharti & Ms. Sarabjeet Kaur, (Lect. ECE), Chandigarh College of Engg. & Technology for their guidance and useful suggestions, which helped us in completing the project work, in time.

Needless to mention that Ms. Sarabjeet Kaur who had been a source of inspiration and for her

timely guidance in the conduct of our project work.We would also like to thank Ms. Bharti and

other Faculty Member of Chandigarh College of Engg. & Technology for all their valuable

assistance in the project work.

Words are inadequate in offering our thanks to the Project Trainees and Project Assisatants,

CCET for their encouragement and cooperation in carrying out the project work.

Finally, yet importantly, we would like to express our heartfelt thanks to my beloved parents for

their blessings, my friends/classmates for their help and wishes for the successful completion of

this project.

Amandeep singh gill

Shiv rana

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Contents

At the heart of the circuit is IC TDA2822M. This IC is, in fact, monolithic type in 8-lead mini DIP package. It is intended for use as a dual audio power amplifier in battery-powered sound players. Specifications of TDA2822M are low quiescent current, low crossover distortion, supply voltage down to 1.8 volts and minimum output power of around 450 mW per channel with 4-ohm loudspeaker at 5V DC supply input. An ideal power amplifier can be simply defined as a circuit that can deliver audio power into external loads without generating significant signal distortion and without consuming excessive quiescent current. This circuit is powered by 5V DC supply available from the USB port of the PC.

When power switch S1 is flipped to ‘on’ position, 5V power supply is extended to the circuit and power-indicator red LED1 lights up instantly. Resistor R1 is a current surge limiter and capacitors C1 and C4 act as buffers. Working of the circuit is simple. Audio signals from the PC audio socket/headphone socket are fed to the amplifier circuit through components R2 and C2 (left channel), and R3 and C3 (right channel). Potmeter VR1 works as the volume controller for left (L) channel and potmeter VR2 works for right (R) channel. Pin 7 of TDA2822M receives the left-channel sound signals and pin 6 receives the right-channel signals through VR1 and VR2, respectively. Amplified signals for driving the left and right loudspeakers are available at pins 1 and 3 of IC1, respectively. Components R5 and C8, and R6 and C10 form the traditional zobel network. Assemble the circuit on a medium-size, general-purpose PCB and enclose in a suitable cabinet. It is advisable to use a socket for IC TDA2822M. The external connections should be made using suitably screened wires for better result.

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DatasheetTDA2822M

DUAL LOW-VOLTAGE POWER AMPLIFIER SUPPLY VOLTAGE DOWN TO 1.8V LOW CROSSOVER DISTORSION LOW QUIESCENT CURRENT Bridge Or Stereo Configuration

PIN CONNECTION (Top view)

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Figure 15 : Total Power Dissipation versus Output Power (Bridge)

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Figure 21 :3V Stereo Cassette Player with Motor Speed Control

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Introduction

Computer speakers enhance a person’s PC experience. Unlike headsets, speakers allow for a more “surround sound” feel. Can be Used for listening music, watching movies, or playing games.

Nowadays, manufacturers have created a new generation of these nifty gadgets – USB-powered ones. Gone are the days of long wires and outlets; now, all that one has to do is hook these up into a USB port! They can now have a blast listening to their favorite sounds.

USB computer speakers are best for users who are always on the go, as these devices are portable and easier to transfer from one place to another. They also prevent the computer area from being too cluttered, as users would not have to worry about wires getting in the way. Sound quality also varies depending on the kind of speaker bought – there is the typical twin speaker type or those that include a subwoofer or an amplifier, wherein the amount of bass audio frequencies can be controlled. The best models assure good quality digital playback and may even reach higher volumes and frequency responses than its electrically-powered versions.

On the downside, however, these speakers use up more system resources because it uses the USB ports to manage its audio. Also, some models are not magnetically shielded and may damage the computer.

On the other hand, computer speakers that are plugged into electrical outlets offer greater variety, and have more tendencies to get really loud. There are more models of multi-channel speakers in this category, which is perfect for users who treat their PCs as home theater systems. The only drawback is these kinds of speakers are more difficult to install and need a lot of wires to connect to each other.

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Components Required

Sr. No. Component Name Value Quantity

1. IC1 TDA2822M 12. Resistor (R1) 1 Ohms 13. Resistor (R2,R3) 47K 24. Resistor (R4) 680 Ohms 15. Resistor (R5,R6) 4.7 Ohms 26. Variable Resistor (VR1,VR2) 47K 27. Capacitor (C1) 100µF, 10V 18. Capacitor (C2,C3,C4,C8,C10) 100nF 59. Capacitor (C5,C6,C7,C9) 100µF, 25V 410. LED (LED1) Red 111. Speaker (LS1,LS2) 4Ohm/1W 212. Switch (S1) - 113. USB Socket - 114. Audio Pin - 1

Circuit Diagram

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Circuit Description

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At the heart of the circuit is IC TDA2822M, which is a monolithic type in 8-lead mini DIP package & is intended for use as a dual audio power amplifier in battery-powered sound players. The circuit is powered with 5 volts at 200 milliamps given by the USB port. Power runs through USB cable minus a separate power adaptor.

Advantages:

o They don't need large AC adapter and outlet.

o They are compact, portable and self-powered.

o They provide pure digital and quality sound.

o There is separate volume control for Both the channels, an LED power indicator,

a 3.5 mm audio pin.o Moreover, the circuit is simple and inexpensive.

It also has its own drawbacks:-

USB speakers tend to eat up more system resources since it processes audio through the USB.

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Applications

Can be used directly with PC (Provides 2 channel audio).

Can be used with portable media players with 3.5mm universal jack (Separate +5V battery is to be connected).

Conclusion

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Bibliography:

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http://electronikka.co.cc/pc-multimedia-speaker/

http://www.electronicsforu.com/electronicsforu/lab/ad.asp?url=/EFYLinux/circuit/January2010/PC%20Multimedia%20Speaker.pdf&title=PC%20Multimedia%20Speakers

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_speaker

http://ezinearticles.com/?USB-Powered-Computer-Speakers&id=1734801