PROJECT REPORT ON

“ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM SPEED BREAKER”

Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of

Diploma in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Board of Technical Education Mumbai, Maharashtra

GUIDED BY:- PROF. NAVNEET SINGH

SUBMITTED BY

1. DEVENDRA BURDE 2. KASHIF ZAFAR3. Md. DANISH4. Md. IQBAL

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING G.H. RAISONI POLYTECHNIC, NAGPUR

2010 – 2011

Certificate

This is to certify that the project report entitled

“ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY SPEED BREAKER”

submitted by DEVENDRA BURDE, KASHIF ZAFAR, MD.

DANISH, MD. IQBAL students in final year Diploma in

mechanical Engineering has been carried out successfully, under

the guidance of Lect. NAVNEET SINGH and has been

submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement for award of

Diploma in Mechanical Engineering by M.S.B.T.E. In our college

for the academic session 2010-2011.

PROJECT GUIDE

Lect. NAVNEET SINGH

PROF. V.V.KALE Sir MRS.S.P.HINGWAY

H.O.D. (ME DEPT) (PRINCIPAL)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGG.G.H.RASGNI POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE NAGPUR

2010-2011

SUBMISSION

We, DEVENDRA BURDE, KASHIF ZAFAR, MD.

DANISH, MD. IQBAL students of final year of the course

Diploma in Mechanical Engg. Humbly submitted that we

have completed form time to time the Project work as

described in this report by our own skill and study between

the period from July 2010-11 as per guidance of Lect.

NAVNEET SINGH

1) DEVENDRA BURDE

2) KASHIF ZAFAR

3) Md. DANISH

4) Md. IQBAL

And that, we have not copied the report or its any

appreciable part from any other literature in contravention

of our academic ethics.

CONTENTSSr.no. Topic name

1 Abstract

2 Introduction

3 Review of Literature

4 Detail of project

5 CAD Design

6 Conclusion

7 Scope for future

8 Bibliography

ABSTRACT

Energy is the basic need for the economic growth of any country. There is need for the efforts in order to use the energy efficiently& effectively.

Every day million of vehicles run on the road which creates the possibility to utilize impact force exerted by them on the road.

In this project an effort has been taken to utilize the force into energy form which is exerted by the vehicles and is available in huge amount.

CHAPTER: - 1

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER: - 1

INTRODUCTION

In our day to day life the energy sources are diminishing with a drastic speed. Soon the day will come when man has to rely on the non-conventional source of energy. Today it is the basic responsibility of a person to save as much energy as he can.

Throughout the history of human race major advantage in the civilization has been accompanied by increase in consumption of energy. Today, energy consumption is directly related to the level of living population and industrialization of the country is increase.

Hence, in the present time with the drastic increase in the population of vehicles. We need to think about the extraction of energy from these vehicles without any effect on the normal routine of vehicle.

In this project the above concept about the possibility of energy extraction is used & an effort is taken to formulate a prototype to convert such concept into reality.

Energy extraction involves the principle of conversion of P.E into E.E.

It is a model which has a mechanism connected with a speed breaker

in order to absorb the impact force due to the passing of vehicles

over a speed breaker. It is designed and fabricated with respect to

the vehicle load of range 750kg to 1500kg with a velocity of 15 to 20

km\hr.

CHAPTER 2

PLANNING

2.1 Description:

To complete any task a systematic planning of work with respect to time period has to be done. Proper synchronization between work and available time takes toward predetermined goals. Similarly in a project work various activate has to be planned which are required to be carried out one or many time?

Selection of area of project topic is very important task without work cannot be started. From third week to end of July various problems are discussed to select the object for the project work. Then 2 and 3 weeks of August it is important to search literature survey, which we have done. In this period we discuss the pervious work that carried out by various researchers. This work is planned to carry out from third week of August to second week of September.

After all the planning we will go for the designing work, for this we need 4th week of August to 3 week of September. In the 3 week of October and first week of November we will carry out the testing. Costing will be done in the 2 and 3 week of November. Similarly, conclusion and discussion would be carried out in 4 week of November. In the mean period fabrication and modification is done in last week of September and throughout October. In the first week of December the final submission of project work will be carried out.

CHAPTER 3

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

CHAPTER 3

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

3.1 History of Electricity:-

Depute what you have learned; Benjamin Franklin did not “invent” electricity. In fact, electricity did not begin when Benjamin Franklin at when he flew his kite during a thunderstorm or when light bulbs were installed in houses all around the world. The truth is that electricity has always been around because, is simply a flow of electrons between the ground and the clouds. When you touch something and gets a shock, which is really static electricity moving toward you.

Hence, electrical equipment like motors, light blubs, and batteries isn’t needed for electricity to exist. They are just creative inventions to harness and use electricity.

The first discoveries of electricity were made back ancient Greece. Greek Philosophers discovered that when amber is rubbed against cloth, lightweight objects will stick to it. This is the basis of static electricity.

Over the centuries, there have been many discoveries made about electricity. We’ve all heard of famous people like Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Edison, but there have been many other inventors throughout history that were each a part in the development of electricity.

3.1 HOW IS ELECTRICITY GENERATED?

The electricity is generated by any of the following devices which

work on Faraday’s Law.

.Generator

.Dynamo

GENRETOR

Transformer step up Voltage for transmission

Neighborhood transformer step down voltage

Transmission line for long distance

Street light

An electric generator is a device for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. The process is based on the relationship between magnetism and electricity. When a wire or any other electrically conductive material moves across a magnetic field, an electric current occurs in the wire.

A generator produces electricity. In a generator, something causes the shaft and armature to spin. An electric current is generated, as shown in the picture (lighting bolt)

DYNAMO:-

The Dynamo was the first electrical generator capable of delivering power for industry. The dynamo uses electromagnetic principles to convert mechanical rotation into an alternating electric current. A dynamo machine consists of a stationary structure which generates a strong magnetic field, and a set of rotating windings which turn within that field. On small machines the magnetic field may be provided by a permanent magnet ; larger machines have the magnetic field created by electromagnets.The first dynamo based on faraday’s principles was built in 1832 by Hippolyte Pixii, a French instrument maker. It used a permanent magnet which was rotated by a crank. The spinning magnet was positioned so that its north and south poles passed by a piece of iron wrapped with wire.

3.2 BATTERY

This generated electricity can be stored for future use in the form of charge in the device known as battery.

Classification of batteries

Batteries are usually divided into two broad classes:

. Primary battery

. Secondary battery

Primary batteries irreversibly transform chemical energy to electrical energy. Once the initial supply of reactants is exhausted, energy cannot be readily restored to the battery by electrical means.

Secondary batteries can have the chemical reactions reversed by supplying electrical energy to the cell, restoring their original composition.

3.3 MECHANICAL COMPONENT (RELATED TO PROJECT)

a) CHAIN DRIVE

CHAPTER 4

DETAIL OF PROJECT

Working Principle

To utilize the reciprocation movement of speed breaker to rotary motion of freewheel and utilize the rotary movement of freewheel to generate electricity.

Construction and Working In our project all the system are arrange in the side of the road &

the speed breaker is on road when any vehicle pass from the speed breaker then the speed breaker give the jerk to the connecting rod of the crank & the crank start to rotate which one end is connected to gear & that gear is connected with the freewheel with the help of chain drive & that freewheel is connected with the tyre of bicycle. When the vehicle pass from converted in rotary movement by crank which rotate the tyre & by that the shaft of Dynamo is rotate & by that we generate the Electricity.

Vehicle Pass from the Road

Speed Breaker gets the jerk

Connecting rod get jerk & gives the rotaryMovement to crank

Gear gives the rotary movement to free wheel by chain drive

Dynamo

Voltage Regulator

Battery

Inverter Sensor Street light

CHAPTER 5

CADDESIGNING

CHAPTER 5

CAD DESIGNING

Pro/ENGINEER CAD Software has been used for designing of Speed breaker Electric generation-Mechanism

The above diagram shows the various component of the mechanical entities of the system. They are as follows.

Gear--- Number of teeth 60Gear--- Number of teeth 44Dynamo Wheel = 1 cmWheel – radius 37 cm Number of teeth in sprocket is 17Crank shaft rotation 10º to 170º

5.1 Design of Project :- When we design any machine part or machine us considerer

may thing:-Load : - Shock LoadMotion of machine part :- reciprocating motion converted in

rotary motion.Selection of material : - Galvanized mild steelForm and size of part: - less space required Friction resistance and lubrication :- very less lubrication is

used.Use of standard parts:- bearing, gear nut sprocket etc.Safety of operation:- very safe;Work shape facilities :- it can be made in any ordinary

workshopNumber of machine to be manufactured L- Only welding

machine are usedCost of Construction :- very less n comparison to other station.Assembly:- very easy, no much necessary of skilled person.Convenient and economical :- Convenient in used and most

economical

Calculation :- Circumference of bigger fly Wheel D = 2 x π x r= 2 x π x 37= 232.36 cm= 2323.6 mm

Circumference of Smaller fly Wheel D = 2 x π x r= 2 x π x 1= 6.28 cm= 62.8 mm

In 1 minute Number of vehicle passing through road in about 50 in busy

road.

1 vehicle gives 320 rotation of bigger wheel 50 vehicle gives = 320 x 50 = 16000 rpm

As we know the 360º in completer rotation of cycle wheel 1º = 1/36032000 = 1/360 x 16000

N = 44.444 rotation in 1 minute

Diameter of a crank shaft = 3cmRadius = D/2

= 3/2= 1.5 cm

Torque = Force x Displacement = 60 x 1.5= 90 N cm= 900 N mm

Then we find speed of dynamo wheel

D/d = N2/N2324.78/62.83 = N2/44.4444N2 = (2324.78x 44.444) / 62.8

= 1645.26 rpm.

Dynamo N2 = 1645rpm

In 25 vehicle = 822.24 rpmIn 50 vehicle = 1645.26 rpm

In 50 vehicle = 3288.98 rpm

Battery 12v / 7amp2 Bulb = 15watt

= 2 x 15 = 20 watt

For Charging

Volt = 12+ 14/v= 15 volt

From Dynamo current = 10 amp

10 x 1/5 = 2 ampTime = 10 amp / 2amp

= 5 hoursWhen current rate increase then battery charging

time is reduces Precaution for battery automatic cutoff of the power with the help of magnetically relay to be set accordingly it’s prevent from over charging of battery.

Bulb used in street lights in India are as follows:-

GLS (gas filled lamp)Halogen

GLS (Gas Filled Lamp) :- This provides light with the amount of heart i.e. current gives more heat and then it produce more light. It consumes very much power. Cost of GLS is 2500/- Rupees.

Halogen :- it is one kind of GLS Bulb current flow develop the halogen gas into liquid form. And these are made with the help of chromium & tungsten. Due to hear process the power consumption is more just like GLS. Cost of GLS is 2500/- Rupees

But in our project we use CFL (compact florescent lamp) this is also called critically low power filament circuit which develop less hear with more light that is known as florescent tube(FTL). Due to this process consumption of power is less both the corner tungsten wire is provided which develop florescent in the meaning of light.

Mirror :- In our project highly polished mirror is used are used. Spreading of light depending upon dot of mirror (silver ammonium polish)

Note: In CFL electric circuit watt reduces but current will increase it consume 10 times less current then other bulb as compare to halogen bulb. Cost of CFL is 100/- Rupees.

Rating on a street light for:

Halogen and GLS 500 watt of each bulb in one Kilometer 60 bulb wants but we take 100 bulbs. Per bulb gain 250 volts.

1 Bulb = 500 watt100 Bulb = 50000 watt or 50 kw

The current required = 50000/250 = 250AmpSo dynamo required 200 Amp / 50kwCost of 50 kw and 200 Amp Dynamo = 5 lac

or it required speed 1440rpm to 3500rpm For CFL we know that electric current CFL (100 watts) required

10 times less than in comparison to Halogen. In 1 Kilometer (30 poles) are required in 1 pole we use 5 bulb so in 30 poles it required 150 bulbs.

But we take 500 bulbs in 1 kilometer

1 bulb = 100 watt500 bulbs = 500 x 100

= 50000watt= 50 kw

we know that CFL used 10 times less electric in comparison to Halogen.

50/10 = 5kwCurrent required = 50000/250 X 10

= 20 Amp

Volt required for bulb 50000 = 50000/250 X 10= 20 Volt

Heating of electricity for 1 bulb halogen bulb for 10 hours.500 watt X 1 Hours = 5000 watts

In 1000 watts = 1 unit = 10 Rupees

Introduction to Pro/E Wildfire 4.0Pro/ENGINEER is a parametric, feature based, solid

modeling System. It is the only menu driven higher end software. Pro/ENGINEER provides mechanical engineers with an approach to mechanical design automation based on solid modeling technology and the following features.

3-D Modeling

The essential difference between Pro/ENGINEER and traditional CAD systems is that models created in Pro/ENGINEER exist as three-dimensional solids. Other 3-D modelers represent only the surface boundaries of the model. Pro/ENGINEER models the complete solid. This not only facilitates the creation of realistic geometry, but also allows for accurate model calculations, such as those for mass properties.

Parametric DesignDimensions such as angle, distance, and diameter

control Pro/ENGINEER model geometry. You can create relationships that allow parameters to be automatically calculated based on the value of other parameters. When you modify the dimensions, the entire model geometry can update according to the relations you created.

CAD Geometry of Electric generation-Mechanism

Feature-Based Modeling

You create models in Pro/ENGINEER by building features. These features have intelligence, in that they contain knowledge of their environment and adapt predictably to change. Each features asks the user for specific information based on the feature type. For example, a hole has a diameter, depth, and placement, while a round has a radius and edges to round.

AssociativityPro/ENGINEER is a fully associative system. This means

that a change in the design model anytime in the development process is propagated throughout the design, automatically updating all engineering deliverables, including assemblies, drawings, and manufacturing data. Associativity makes concurrent engineering possible by encouraging change, without penalty, at any point in the development cycle. This enables downstream functions to contribute their knowledge and expertise early in the development cycle.

Capturing Design Intent

The strength of parametric modeling is in its ability to satisfy

critical design parameters throughout the evolution of a solid

model. The concept of capturing design intent is based on

incorporating engineering knowledge into a model. This intent is

achieved by establishing feature and part relationships and by the

feature-dimensioning scheme. An example of design intent is the

proportional relationship between the wall thickness of a pressure

vessel and its surface area, which should remain valid even as the

size of the vessel changes.

Combining Features into Parts

The various types of Pro/ENGINEER features serve as

building blocks in the progressive creation of solid parts. Certain

features, by necessity, precede others in the design process. The

features that follow rely on the previously defined features for

dimensional and geometric references. The progressive design of

features can create relationships between features already in the

design and subsequent features in the design that reference them.

The following figure illustrates the progressive design of features.

Parent-Child Relationships

The definition of a feature frequently relies on dimensional

and geometric cues taken from another feature. This kind of

relationship is termed a parent-child relationship. The parent-child

relationship is one of the most powerful aspects of

Pro/ENGINEER. When a parent feature is modified, its children

are automatically recreated to reflect the changes in the geometry

of the parent feature. It is therefore essential to reference feature

dimensions and geometry so design modifications are correctly

propagated throughout the model. Because children reference

parents, features can exist without children, but children cannot

exist without their parents.

Part Modeling

Starting Out in Part Mode --Describes how to start creating a

part with Pro/ENGINEER.

Sketcher --Describes how to create sketches in a stand-alone Sketcher mode.

Datums --Describes how to create datum features: datum planes, datum points,

datum curves, datum axes, coordinates features, graphs, evaluate features.

Sketching on a Model --Describes how to create 3-D sections in the process of

feature creation.

Feature Creation Basics --Describes how to create extruded and revolved

protrusions.

Sweeps, Blends, and Advanced Features --Describes how to create sweeps,

blends, and advanced features.

Construction Features --Describes how to create construction features, such as

holes, slots, and cuts.

Rounds --Describes how to add rounds to part geometry.

Tweak Features --Describes how to create tweak features, such as draft, local

push, and section dome.

Creating Surface Features --Describes how to create surface features.

Creating Advanced Surface Features --Describes how to create advanced surface

features.

Working with Quilts --Describes operations that you can perform on quilts.

Freeform Manipulation --Describes how to dynamically manipulate a surface of a

part or quilt.

Patterning Features --Describes how to pattern features.

Copying Features --Describes how to create and place groups of features, and

how to copy features.

Modifying the Part --Describes how to modify and redefine the part.

Regenerating the Part --Describes how to regenerate the part and resolve

regeneration problems.

Assembly

Just as you can combine features into parts, you can also combine parts into

assemblies. Assembly mode in Pro/ENGINEER enables you to place component parts

and subassemblies together to form assemblies, as well as to design parts based on how

they should fit together. You can then modify, analyze, or reorient the resulting

assemblies.

Overview

To create a subassembly or an assembly, you must place a base component or

feature, then attach additional components to the base and to each other. You cannot

attach components to an exploded assembly. You must unexplode it first.

You can add components to an assembly in the following ways:

Attach a component parametrically by specifying its position relative to the base

component or other components in the assembly.

Attach a component nonparametrically using the Package command in the

COMPONENT menu. Use packaging as a temporary means to include the

component in the assembly; then finalize its location with assembly instructions.

Create a part or subassembly directly in Assembly mode. This option is available

only if you have a Pro/ASSEMBLY license.

Working with Assemblies

To work with an assembly, use the File menu to open or create an assembly file

(see Introduction to Pro/ENGINEER for more information). The ASSEMBLY menu

displays the following options:

Component--Manipulates assembly components (using the COMPONENT

menu).

Feature--Manipulates assembly features (using the ASSY FEAT menu).

Modify--Modifies assembly or component dimensions and features (using the

ASSEM MOD and MODIFY menus).

Restructure--Modifies assembly groupings, moving components from one

assembly or subassembly to another (using the RESTRUCTURE menu).

Mechanism--Allows you to define motion for the assembly (using

Pro/MECHANICA).

Simplfd Rep--Creates, modifies, or sets a simplified representation (using the

SIMPLFD REP menu).

Design Mgr--Accesses tools to manage assembly design (using the DESIGN

MGR menu).

Expld State--Creates, sets, and modifies explode states of an assembly (using the

EXPLD STATE menu).

Regenerate--Updates modified part and assembly dimensions (using the PRT TO

REGEN menu).

Relations--Edits parametric labels and adds or edits constraint equations (using

the MODEL REL and RELATIONS menus).

Family Tab--Edits assembly family tables or creates assembly instances (using

the FAMILY TABLE menu).

Set Up--Assigns assembly mass properties, and specifies length units, mass units,

dimension bounds, and other set up properties (using the ASSEM SETUP menu).

Layer--Performs layer procedures (using the LEVEL SEL and MODEL INFO

menus).

Program--Provides an option (Pro/PROGRAM) to create a program to control

the design of parts in an assembly (using the PROGRAM menu).

Integrate--Retrieves integration project files (created in Pro/PDM) and generates

difference reports to resolve differences between source and target assemblies

(using the INTEGRATE menu).

Copy From--Copies entire assemblies or subassemblies into the new assembly.

Initial Procedures

To place a base component or feature, you must either create three orthogonal datum planes as the first feature, assemble an existing component (part, subassembly, or skeleton model), or create a base component.

Datum Planes as the First Features

When you create three orthogonal datum planes as the first features in an

assembly, you can assemble a component with respect to these planes, or create a part in

Assembly mode as the first component. Using datum planes as the first feature has the

following advantages:

You can redefine the placement constraints of the first assembled component.

You can pattern the first component you add, creating a flexible design.

You can replace the first component with interchangeable components.

You can reorder subsequent components to come before the first one (if the

components are not children of the first component).

Placing a Base Component

If you do not create three orthogonal datum planes, the base component is the first part, subassembly, or skeleton model placed into an assembly. In many ways it is like the base feature of a part. The initial assembly units are the same as the units of the base component. When a base component is the first object in an assembly (before any assembly features), no placement constraints are defined. The component is simply placed by default. If you replace a base component with interchangeable components, the replacing components will always be placed by default as well.

Creating a Base Component

When you create the first component of an assembly, you can either create an

empty component or copy from an existing component. As with an assembled base

component, the initial assembly units are the same as the base component, and

interchange components that replace the created base component will always be in the

default orientation. For more information on creating a base component.

Assembling a Component Parametrically

You can position a component relative to its neighbors (components or assembly

features) so that its position is updated as its neighbors move or change. This is called

parametric assembly. Pro/ENGINEER allows you to specify constraints to determine

how and where the component relates to the assembly.

To assemble a component parametrically, use the Component Placement dialog

box. You can access this dialog box through either the pop-up menu in the Model Tree

window or the Assemble command in the COMPONENT menu. For more information

about the Model Tree Window.

The Component Placement dialog box contains two tabs, as shown in the following figure. The Place tab provides options for constraining a new component, and the Move tab provides options for translating, rotating, and adjusting a component once you have placed it in the assembly. For more

information on the Move tab, the following boxes appear in the Place tab in the Component Placement dialog box:

Display Component In--Allows you to change the screen window in

which the component appears while you position it. This box has two

option buttons, which you can change at any time.

Separate Window--Shows the component in its own window while you

specify its constraints.

Assembly--Shows the component in the assembly window while you

specify its constraints.

Constraints--Displays the constraints that you have defined, and allows

you to add new constraints or remove existing ones.

Add--Adds a placement constraint for the component.

Remove--Deletes a placement constraint for the component. To access

this option, you must select a constraint in the Constraints box.

Retr Refs--Retrieves any other components which define the location of

the component. This option appears if, in a simplified representation, you

redefine a component that depends on components that are not in the

simplified representation.

Constr

aint Type --Allows you to select a type of constraint to define.

Component Reference--Allows you to specify a reference on the placed

component.

Assembly Reference--Allows you to specify a reference in the assembly.

Offset--Allows you to define the offset from the reference. (Valid for

Mate Offset and Align Offset constraints.)

Placement Status--Displays the current placement status of the

component.

Comm

and Buttons

OK--Places the component with the current constraints

Preview--Shows the location of the component as it would be with the

current placement constraints.

Cancel--Quits the placement operation and removes the component from

the Model Tree.

How to Assemble a Component

1. Either choose ASSEMBLY > Component > Assemble, or click the right mouse

button on the assembly name in the Model Tree and choose Component >

Assemble.

2. Select the component. The Component Placement dialog box appears and the

component appears in the Assembly Window.

3. Choose Add, then select the type of constraint to add. The default constraint type

is Mate.

4. Define the placement constraints. As you do so, Pro/ENGINEER automatically

updates a line in the Constraints box corresponding to the constraint. If you have

chosen Assembly from the Display Component In box, the placement of the

component in the assembly window is also updated as you specify constraints.

As you add constraints to the component, the Placement Status window is updated

with the following messages:

``No Constraints''

``Fully constrained''

``Partially constrained''

``Constraints invalid''

5. When the component is either ``fully constrained,'' or ``partially constrained,''

click OK to leave the Component Placement dialog box.

If constraints are incomplete, you can leave the component as packaged

components follow the behavior dictated by the configuration file option package

constraints

Note:

Since the components are packaged but not placed, you cannot create children

that reference them. If constraints are conflicting, you can restart or continue placing the

component. If you choose to restart, it erases all previously defined constraints for the

component.

Placement Constraint Types

Using the TYPE options, you can specify 11 placement constraint types: mate,

mate offset, align, align offset, insert, orient, coordinate system, tangent, edge on surface,

point on surface, and default. This section provides a description and example of each

type.

If you are aligning or mating a datum plane, a yellow arrow appears on the

specified datum plane by default, pointing in the direction that the yellow side currently

faces. The Datum Orient dialog box also appears; choose Red or Yellow to indicate

which side of the datum plane should face in the direction indicated by the arrow.

Mate Option

Use the Mate option to make two surfaces touch one another: coincident and

facing each other. When using datum’s, you must specify which sides, red or yellow, to

mate.

Steps in Modeling of the Axial Turbine

The following is the list of steps that are use to create the required model:

The base feature is created on three orthogonal datum planes.

Creating two circular entities on either sides of rod crank and piston pin end (with

the help of sketcher Option).

Filling the material between the crank and piston pin End (with the help of

EXTRUDE Option).

The second feature is also created on datum planes.

A cut-feature is created on the second feature.

Creation of plane perpendicular to axis for first hole.

Creating the first hole at the piston end (with the help of Make HOLE Option).

Creation of plane perpendicular to axis for second hole.

Creating the second hole at the piston end (with the help of Make HOLE Option).

1000 watt = 10 RupeesSo 1 watt = 10/100050000 watts = (10/1000) X 50000 = 500 Rupees in one

day for one bulbIn one year cost of electricity = 500 X 365

= 182500 Rupees

Total cost = Cost of Dynamo + Cost of electricity + Cost of bulb.

= 500000 + 182500 + 250000= 932500 rupees

In CFL Cost of 100 watt CFL = 100 rupees

500 CFL = 50000 Rupees

Rating :- 1000 watt = 10 Rs. In one day

So1 = 10/10005000 watt = (10/1000) X 5000

= 50 Rs.

In one year 365 x 50 = 18250 Rs (this cost is not necessary)

Total cost = Dynamo cost + bulb cost + battery cost= 100000 + 300000+50000= 450000Rs.

Battery required fro CFL 20 Amp; 5kw

CHAPTER 6

Validation

CHAPTER 6

Validation

The testing of the system was done and the following result were observed testing below:

Instruments used : Electric Multimeter, tachometer, Stop watch.

Sr. No.

Rpm of Motor

Voltage Generated (Volts)

Time Required for charging Battry

1 60 6 V 16 Hours2 120 12 V 12 Hours3 180 18 V 8 Hours4 320 24 V 4 Hours

CHAPETER 7

CONCLUSION

CHAPETER 7

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION

-Low Budget electricity production-No obstruction to traffic-Less floor area-maintenance is very easy-multiplexes, malls, toll booths, signals, etc can make use of this system.

It can be used for Charging batteries and using them to light up the streets, etc.Principle of operation:Simple conversion from Mechanical energy to Electrical energy.It Generates electricity using the vehicle weight (potential energy) as input. The 3 different mechanisms proposed are:-Roller mechanism-Crank-shaft mechanism-Rack- Pinion mechanism: This mechanism is most popularly used. This is because of the disadvantages of other mechanisms:Crank-shafts are required to be mounted on bearings which creates balancing problem leading to mechanical vibrations which in turn damage the bearings.Secondly as bearings are of sliding type, any occurrence of variable load( which is bit obvious in case of vehicles!!) leads to balancing problem.

From the test carried it is clear that the system can charge a battery within 4 hours and it can give a backup of about 4-5 hour.

It was found that at high rpm the battery gets recharged very fast i.e. within 4 hours

The power can supplied for approximately 4 to 5 hours to the 20 watts fluorescent light tube.

The annual saving of electricity will be 523.602 KW per year if the system works at full efficiency for 8 hours per day.

CHAPETER 8

FUTURE WORK

The system can be modified to store a greater amount of energy to have a longer backup power. This can be done by implementation of the system on road which is busy running.

CHAPETER 9

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The following are some books and sites from where the data was used or imported for the project.

Electrical Engineering by Dr. B. L. Thareja