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Pronouns Verbs Adjective s Adverbs Prepositi ons Conjunctio ns Interject ions Articles Nouns

Pronouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs Prepositions Conjunctions Interjections Articles Nouns

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Pronouns

Verbs

Adjectives

AdverbsPrepositions

Conjunctions

Interjections

Articles

Nouns

A noun is:A noun is:A PersonA PersonA PlaceA PlaceA ThingA ThingAn IdeaAn Idea

NounsNouns

Common NounsCommon NounsI want to go to the beach.I want to go to the beach.The book was about cars.The book was about cars.They laughed at the clown.They laughed at the clown.He told me the truth.He told me the truth.

Proper NounsProper NounsJohn wants to go to Killarney.John wants to go to Killarney.I love Saturdays.I love Saturdays.Mr. DeCoste is the man.Mr. DeCoste is the man.

NounsNouns

Collective NounsCollective NounsThe team played well.The team played well.You are my favourite class.You are my favourite class.The jury found the defendant guilty.The jury found the defendant guilty.The herd of buffalo charged at her.The herd of buffalo charged at her.

NounsNouns

Common NounsCommon NounsOrdinary people, places, things or ideas that are not Ordinary people, places, things or ideas that are not

capitalized.capitalized.

Proper NounsProper NounsSpecific or special people, places or things that are Specific or special people, places or things that are

capitalized.capitalized.

Collective NounsCollective NounsSingular nouns that indicate a group of people or Singular nouns that indicate a group of people or

thingsthings

NounsNouns

Countable / Non-Countable NounsCountable / Non-Countable NounsCountable nouns, as the name indicates, are Countable nouns, as the name indicates, are

those which we are able to assign a number those which we are able to assign a number to. They are nouns with a plural formto. They are nouns with a plural formWe painted the tables and chairs pinkWe painted the tables and chairs pinkThe books on the shelves were organized.The books on the shelves were organized.

Non-countable nouns therefore are those Non-countable nouns therefore are those which we don’t usually apply a number to. which we don’t usually apply a number to. They have no plural form.They have no plural form.The driveway was covered in gravel.The driveway was covered in gravel.She lost a lot of blood.She lost a lot of blood.

NounsNouns

Possessive NounsPossessive NounsThis is when a noun changes its form to show This is when a noun changes its form to show

that it owns (or possesses) something.that it owns (or possesses) something.The student’s notebook was on the floor.The student’s notebook was on the floor.The pizza was Sally’s.The pizza was Sally’s.Canada’s capital is Ottawa.Canada’s capital is Ottawa.

We use an apostrophe to show ownership We use an apostrophe to show ownership notnot to show a plural.to show a plural.

What if the noun ends in an s?What if the noun ends in an s?

NounsNouns

A pronoun is a word that stands in the A pronoun is a word that stands in the place of a noun. The noun it replaces is place of a noun. The noun it replaces is known as the antecedent.known as the antecedent.Bobby was out of milk so he ran to the store.Bobby was out of milk so he ran to the store.The girls just found out about the party so The girls just found out about the party so

they wanted to call home.they wanted to call home.I was hungry.I was hungry.It hit her on the head.It hit her on the head.

PronounsPronouns

Types of pronouns:Types of pronouns:SubjectiveSubjective

The subject of the sentenceThe subject of the sentenceHe hit the ball hard.He hit the ball hard.

ObjectiveObjectiveThe predicate (or object) of the sentenceThe predicate (or object) of the sentence

Joey hit it hard.Joey hit it hard.

PossessivePossessiveShow posessionShow posession

For example – my, your, hers, his, ourFor example – my, your, hers, his, ourPlease give me back my wallet.Please give me back my wallet.

PronounsPronouns

DemonstrativeDemonstrativePoints to and demonstrates a nounPoints to and demonstrates a noun

That, These, Those, ThisThat, These, Those, ThisThis sandwich tastes good.This sandwich tastes good.

Relative Relative Used to link one phrase or clause to another. Used to link one phrase or clause to another.

Who, whom, that, whichWho, whom, that, whichThe person in the class who talks the least might actually The person in the class who talks the least might actually

understand the most.understand the most.

InterogativeInterogativeUsed when asking a questionUsed when asking a question

Who, whom, that whichWho, whom, that whichWho threw that piece of paper at me?Who threw that piece of paper at me?

PronounsPronouns

Reflexive Reflexive End in “self” or “selves” – yourself, myself, End in “self” or “selves” – yourself, myself,

themselvesthemselvesI wish I knew the answer myself.I wish I knew the answer myself.

IndefiniteIndefinitewords which replace nouns without specifying words which replace nouns without specifying

which noun they replace. which noun they replace. Many wanted to know the answer.Many wanted to know the answer.Everything we had burned in the fire.Everything we had burned in the fire.

PronounsPronouns

Verbs are action words. They also can Verbs are action words. They also can express events or states of being.express events or states of being.Brad runs to the bus stop.Brad runs to the bus stop.The dog jumps over the stream.The dog jumps over the stream.

Actions that will take place in the future.Actions that will take place in the future.Sarah will call her friends tomorrow.Sarah will call her friends tomorrow.

Past tense.Past tense.My first job was terrible.My first job was terrible.They yelled at the bus driver.They yelled at the bus driver.

VerbsVerbs

Transitive VerbsTransitive VerbsTells us what the subject does to something else. Tells us what the subject does to something else.

Jerry bought a car. Jerry bought a car. She applies her makeup every hour.She applies her makeup every hour.

Intransitive VerbsIntransitive VerbsDo not need an object. They can stand alone as Do not need an object. They can stand alone as

they don’t need the subject to be doing the action they don’t need the subject to be doing the action to an object.to an object.

Brandon yelled.Brandon yelled.They ran down the road.They ran down the road.

VerbsVerbs

Linking VerbsLinking VerbsExplains the relationship between the subject and Explains the relationship between the subject and

a description of the subject.a description of the subject.He appeared happy at the news of a snow day.He appeared happy at the news of a snow day.She is a teacher of science.She is a teacher of science.

Common linking verbs:Common linking verbs:Appear, become, continue, feel, grow, look, remain, Appear, become, continue, feel, grow, look, remain,

seem, smell, sound, stay, tasteseem, smell, sound, stay, taste

VerbsVerbs

An adjective modifies a noun or pronoun. It An adjective modifies a noun or pronoun. It does this by:does this by:DescribingDescribing

I love my green shirt.I love my green shirt.The fluffy kitten meowed at me.The fluffy kitten meowed at me.

QuantifyingQuantifyingOne person is particularly annoying.One person is particularly annoying.Many students love gym class.Many students love gym class.

IdentifyingIdentifyingThese shoes stink!These shoes stink!I wish I was in that car.I wish I was in that car.

AdjectivesAdjectives

Possessive Possessive My, your, his, her, its, our, theirMy, your, his, her, its, our, their

My dog ate my homework.My dog ate my homework.Her locker is pretty.Her locker is pretty.

Demonstrative Demonstrative This, these, that, thoseThis, these, that, those

This class is so interesting.This class is so interesting.I wish that dog would be quiet.I wish that dog would be quiet.

IndefiniteIndefiniteLike an indefinite pronoun – refers to something Like an indefinite pronoun – refers to something

identifiable but not specific. identifiable but not specific. I will give you any notes you miss.I will give you any notes you miss.All students must pay attention.All students must pay attention.

AdjectivesAdjectives

Adverbs are words that modify verbs, Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.adjectives, or other adverbs.Jill quickly ran down the hall.Jill quickly ran down the hall.Mr. Hobbs waited patiently while the class became Mr. Hobbs waited patiently while the class became

quiet.quiet.He surprisingly quickly did his math homework.He surprisingly quickly did his math homework.The splendidly hot sun beat down upon us.The splendidly hot sun beat down upon us.

AdverbsAdverbs

Adverbs are words that modify verbs, Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.adjectives, or other adverbs.Jill quickly ran down the hall.Jill quickly ran down the hall.Mr. Hobbs waited patiently while the class became Mr. Hobbs waited patiently while the class became

quiet.quiet.He surprisingly quickly did his math homework.He surprisingly quickly did his math homework.The splendidly hot sun beat down upon us.The splendidly hot sun beat down upon us.

AdverbsAdverbs

Prepositions link nouns, pronouns and Prepositions link nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in the sentence. phrases to other words in the sentence.

Prepositions usually show relationships of Prepositions usually show relationships of TimeTimePlacePlace

He jumped into the car.He jumped into the car.The pencil flew through the air and landed on The pencil flew through the air and landed on

my desk.my desk.He read his novel during the lecture.He read his novel during the lecture.

PrepositionsPrepositions

Conjunctions join other words or groups of Conjunctions join other words or groups of words together.words together.And, but, or, nor, for, so, yetAnd, but, or, nor, for, so, yet

Pizza and pop go together well.Pizza and pop go together well.I wanted to go to sleep but I still had homework to finish.I wanted to go to sleep but I still had homework to finish.She was thirsty so she got a drink.She was thirsty so she got a drink.Neither Jim nor Bill wanted to leave.Neither Jim nor Bill wanted to leave.

Co-ordinating ConjunctionsCo-ordinating ConjunctionsJoins individual words and phrasesJoins individual words and phrases

Jenny and Billy exchanged love notes.Jenny and Billy exchanged love notes.He spent the day fishing and reading a novel.He spent the day fishing and reading a novel.

ConjunctionsConjunctions

Subordinating ConjunctionsSubordinating ConjunctionsJoins together a dependent clause with an Joins together a dependent clause with an

independent clause. independent clause. after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since,

than, that, though, until, when, where, whether, while.than, that, though, until, when, where, whether, while.

She yelped in frustration when her computer She yelped in frustration when her computer crashed.crashed.

He felt more independent after he learned how to He felt more independent after he learned how to drive a car.drive a car.

Dean pretended to listen although he was really Dean pretended to listen although he was really thinking about playing his PS3.thinking about playing his PS3.

ConjunctionsConjunctions

Correlative ConjunctionsCorrelative ConjunctionsThese always appear in pairs.These always appear in pairs.

Make sure you have either a pencil or a pen to write with.Make sure you have either a pencil or a pen to write with.Both my brother and my sister are annoying.Both my brother and my sister are annoying.Bob was trying to decide whether to go to work or not.Bob was trying to decide whether to go to work or not.

ConjunctionsConjunctions

An Interjection is a word used to convey An Interjection is a word used to convey emotion. It is not grammatically linked to any emotion. It is not grammatically linked to any other part of the sentence.other part of the sentence.Ouch, that pencil stuck in my hand hurts.Ouch, that pencil stuck in my hand hurts.Hey! Please stop dancing around.Hey! Please stop dancing around.Wow, I am glad this is almost over.Wow, I am glad this is almost over.

InterjectionsInterjections

Articles includeArticles includeAAAnAnTheThe

These are usually referred to as adjectives.These are usually referred to as adjectives.

ArticlesArticles

PronounsPronouns

VerbsVerbs

AdjectivesAdjectives

AdverbsAdverbsPrepositionsPrepositions

ConjunctionsConjunctions

InterjectionsInterjections

ArticlesArticles

NounsNouns