If you believe in the wrong religion or the wrong god you regret it forever.

Inta Chanthavongsouk

Xnh:YsEy:e]h Wh]h;

Xnh:YsEy:e]h WoZh:Awo

YvoêAIyBut[øEy Ph\Z

TpeGs:Qo£ eZhAy[wXyt

XIy<

Buddha’s Prophecy of the Messiah

VoµA TeZhUAy æTBtue]h

eXËnwY (`ZweXe³Yk)

Do good Make Merit. Seek the one that will

come after me His name is Siariyamettrai Or

Messiah. He will save you from this

destructive world to Nirvana.

Ao]ow[yZUÓweAhEy:ZhAow

æTTi< A÷¹oyTyeShAyXn

[hXIyt]pAowËnhTi;

]p=ShXIy]Iy

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TkAyFx:eSe]h

@e[hAXn ]EyOÓwAow

AYyOEy?

SwÆSy]ÓweZhAyeFXIy<

Burmese Version

(A¸y]OyPoOye\]Iy)

Inta Chanthavongsouk

LAO CONFERENCE OF CHURCHES P.O. BOX 893. Rialto, CA 92377

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Xkh:Awo XIy]wÓAkEy:TZSy; Wh]heZ:GwoEyZh [oTyESy:Xkh:Awo XIy]wÓePhAyTvtZSy

]h]wTi]Iy< ]ÊhOZh:Awo ]sSy]Ey¹owEyZSy`OsAy `eZ:îAx:e]h ]ÊhOZh:

Awo ËnheUse[t[háBEy:XæTêAeT< A÷SyeOhy]Iy WoSy:îAx:eAkhEy:]wÓ]sh:? OZh:

SháBEy:¹nEyt FkhTS`BXy:`Sh:Xkh:> Ti\EyButUp:Ti]Iy< PwoTus[Xy:]WEyXkh:> ]pOwÓ

[oTyeGhEye]h`ZhXnSy]XøAwo `F`Gvo:Sh:ePhEy; êAIytÌre]h`Bi WoSy:îAx:

Xkh:ËsOyGwoe]h OZh:Xkh:]Iy A÷¹oyTyOÓwSh:[Iye]hWh]hFAh:Xkh: X oOy

e]heêAhEyt X]wËnw; Sh:X[IyButeT< OZh:She]h]pXkh:]Iy [Ay oTyBkx?

ZEy:¹nx:e]hFAh:[vo:Xkh:êAh:e]h`Bi>]h ‚]hRo‛ ^p? Gwoe[tËnw]Iy< Voµ=

AkXy:]Iy Ti_wFAh:áUEyteZ:]h:Ph:]Iy< OZh:`h:PoOy? ËsOyGwoZSyáUFy]Iy<

VoµA ]sSy]Eye]h`ZhAwo Sh:[Iye`hEyíAw:Fh:ZSyáUFy]Iy<

3< ]ÊhOZh:Awo [AyBvZSy ]³wSIy:Ti:áBEy:<

VoµWh]hAwo Awo:AsYyYvoêAIy]pXkh:]Iy Wh]heZ:TuseOhyXkh:Awo AkEy:T

Zh> Voµ=]sSy]EyBkAy`OwoEy:OwOwAkAkX[woAyShêAeT< Wh]hOZh:; Xnh:YsEy:

e]hYvoêAIyáBEy:¹nEyt YayeAk:XrRe[tXkh:eZhePs:e]heêAhEyt; `eêAhEy: `Zh

Xkh:Aow ]u]uAsuAsuX]wêAeT< Pow]ÓweZhe¹nhe]h YvoêAIyBkAyXkh:`OowEy: êAháXEyt

= 8 =

Fsh [woAye[øhAyButáBEy:áUEyt XnSyASye]h`ZhAwo eOúËnwZSyBAyBueFButTi]Iy<

OFyFvoOFyax:A Wh]hOZh:= FFyXnSye]h]ÊhOZh:Awo AkYyAkYyáT¸yáT y

e[t[hBute]hy[Iy: XwXwËnheUseOúËnwe]h`ZhAwo `áBh:]pXkh:AG¸yAkEye]h

eêAhEyt ZuZu\vt\vt]sSy]EyáBEy:XæTButeT< áTcSh¹nEyt`]Ay`ºZhYyeêAhEyt [Iy:áUFy

¹woEyTi]Iy< `Akwl:Z[QyXnh ÌrTyePs:áBEy:¹nEytXnh:YsEy:e]hYvoêAIyáBEy:]h áUFyeS

]Iy<

4< `eOs:`eBj]FyXkh:Aow [AyBvZSy`h:SIy:áBEy:<

`Býwe]h]pXkh:]Iy `]Fye]h]sSy]EyXrOFyBoAwo [AyBv¹woEyZSy Sh:[Iy

¹woEyFsXy:XËnwêAeT< OFyFvoOFyeYhAyA YvoêAIyBkAyeáThEy:[uZSy íAw:TXy:[h[øEy

Xnh:YsEy:eS]p; ToSyASy]p`áUFy]OyXnOyAh XwÌow:U[hWh]h>]h ¹nFyeTiEy: Xkh:

FshYvoêAIyAow:AsYyButêA]Iy< BZFyYhSyWh]hOZh:OsEy`]Fye]h`]wfNy

]wÓX oOy ]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:`OwoEy: [AyBvYvoêAIye]h]pXkh:Awo `áBh:]pXkh:A

e\USyFsTyFsuêAe]hy[Iy: XeêAhAyXËôvWu YvoêAIy[AyBv]áUEyt Wh]hOZh:=

e[:SAyXrXkh:Awo e[:SAyFshSh:[Iy[h¹woEy]Iy<

5< `oTyBßTy]pXkh:= OwoAyOsSy:áBEy:<

¹owEyEv`oTyBßTy]pXkh:]Iy Wh]hOZh: Awo:AsYyYvoêAIyXr> XkAyASy:TXh

YvoêAIyAwo:AsYyeFButTi]Iy< áTIy]p[pPo= YvoêAIyAwo:AsYyXrAwo BßTyAwoEy¹woEy[øEy

`oTyBßTyZSy[sYyApe]heêAhEytáUFyTi]Iy< Wh]hOZh:> Ix«sOyáBEy:XËnw[øEy

`oTyBßTyZSy X[sYyApeT< gEy:AwoOwoEy:áTIy`oTyBßTye]h WoZEy¹nFyTi:`eêAhEy:áUEyt

XnSyASyeêAhEy:eUhyáT[woTi]Iy<

e`Qx 312 Bo¹nFyOsEy WoZEyXEy: UhEvoXy (Fa Ngum) A e[h¹woEyEv]wÓ VoµWh]h

OZh: ]sOy]sEy:But]Iy< e[h[pXßw:Xkh:]Iy ]FyTEySOyXkh:; Xwo:SOyXEy:Xkh:;

XwWXkh:= \wIhayXkh:¹nEyt SOy\wIhayXkh:A oTyFwo:eêAhEy: ]pOwÓ=BvYpBkAy`OwoEy:

YvoêAIyBute]heêAhEyt ]pOÓwAow`oTyBßTyZSy BAyBuBtuTi]Iy< PwÓeêAhEytWoZEyXEy:

UhEvoXyA AeÉhQx:Yh:¹woEyEvXn WoSy:îAx:Xkh:Awo\EyBsEytæT? VoµWh]hOZh:Awo e[h

¹woEyEvOFyBo[vo:]wÓTtkv¹ÒveFAh PwoWh]hOZh:Awo ¹woEyEveOhyWh]h`áUFy ]OyXnOyBut

]Iy<

PowSIy:Op; WoZEyXEy:áXOy AsSyFOSyOEy (Constantine) A[Iy: BZFyYhSy

OFyeYhAyáUFy[he]h`Bi BZFyeOhyAwo WoZh:]BEy^o YvoêAIy[AyBvAh ]p=

¹woEyEvOFyBo[vo: BZFyYhSy¹woEyEváUFy[hZSy `Xw¸yBk?eêAáEhBut]Iy< @SIy:áUEyt Pow

¹owEyEvËnwáTIy]p[pPoXnh ]ÊhOZh:Awo]sSy]EyáBEy:XnX oOyWu WoZEy=`Xw yeêAhEyt

= 9 =

]h[øEy `[wo`e[øhAy BZFyYhSyáUFyButêA]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt; [p`Xkh:FoA BZFy

YhSy o eBjêAe]hy[Iy: BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy AYyOEyËnEyáUFyeêAhEy: Sh:

[IyXr> `h:SIy:ButêATi]Iy<

PwÓ`OpTEy; e[h¹woEyEváTIy]p[pPoXkh:Xnh; `]woEy:`\woEy:¹nEyt `oTyBßTy]pXkh:=

OwoAyOsSy:XreêAhEyt]h VoµWh]h\EyXkh:áUFyBut]Iy< Ye¸e[h¹wowEyEv]h:`Xkh:Fo

Xnh VoµWh]hOZh:¹nEyt Voµ`eêAhEy:AwoTEy eAhEy:FshSh:X[IyêAeT<

6< FhOSy=[nIytAsAy<

FhOSy=[nIytAsAyeêAhEyt [p]h:Xkh:]Iy XkAyASy:Aut]wÓ [Xy:Xnh:ButêA

]Iy< FhOSy]Iy Xnh:YsEy:e]hBvYpBkAy¹nEyt Wh]hOZh:Xkh:Aow `]ov:BkAh;

BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo X]wËnwSh:X[Iy¹woEye`hEyOh:Gx:eS]Iy< WoZh:]BEy]Iy

FhOSy¹nEyt ]p=[nIytFh:XrAwo]w]Iy< @[nIytFh:XreêAhEyt; FhOSy=`eêAhEy:Awo

X]we]h]pXkh:A Xnh:YsEy:e]hYvoêAIyáBEy:¹nEytWh]hOZh:> FhOSyAow Bkx:XsXy:

CoNyæTAh TpeHhyXrXkh:æT[oTyButêA]Iy< `BýwWh]hOZh:Xkh:]Iy FFyXnSye]h

WoZh:]BEyAwo Bkx:XsXy:CoNyæTZXIyt`Fh: FhOSyAwo WoZh:Aut]wÓBkx:eáXÕhAyêA]Iy<

FhOSy¹nEyt ]p=HhOw`XnSyAwoX]we]heêAhEyt ËnwBwo:ZSy¹nEyt [pPoAwoeUhyáTZSy ÌoTyOo

Xkh:Awo Po[oTy[øAyËnwêA]Iy<

aTXh; VoµWh]h\EyXkh:A eçXÌoTy; SCi:ÌoTyXkh:AwoPoPsEy:? WoSy:îAx:eAkhEy:

Xkh:OsEy eSZh`¹ÒvPh:AhËnwBow:êA]Iy< ]ÊhAkXy:FhA PowÌoTyPoXkh:Xnh FhOSy

Awo TvoeGhEyeêAhEy:eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy< VoµWh]h\Ey`Xkh:FoAFhOSy=ÌoTyOoXkh:

Po[oTyAh Awo:AsYyeSêA]IyXnh Ye¸OwoEyáUFy]Iy< Pow]ÓwáUFyáBEy:Xnh; FhOSy¹nEyt

]p=[nIytAsAyAow ]wËnwSh:[IyXrSIy:Ti:áBEy:eêAhEytáUFy]Iy< FhOSy]Iy Pwo]p

Xkh:= `]w`áXEyAwo ASy:eF?[nIytFh:eS]Iy< (1 eAh; 4:4 Aow UOyTi<)

BZFyeOhyeYÌrAow WoZh:`áUFy]wËnwBvYpe]hYovêAIy]pXkh:]Iy FhOSy]Iy

`WYy]páUFyeêAhEy:Aow e[t[h]wËnwAh ]p=[nIytFh:XrXkh:AowáEEy:TYy? ËnwBow:áBEy:

XæTTi< FhOSyAow eêAhAyËôvFZh`eêAhEy:[Iy:XËnweOhteT<

= 10 =

`BSy: (2)

VoµWh]hGwo]IyXnh`WYySIy:<

VoµWh]h\EyOFyax:`eSáUEyt XIy]wÓAwo:AsYyYvoêAIy]SIy:< @eX:BsSy:

]Iy Wh]hOZh:OwoEy:= eShAyBv]XwoEy:¹nEyt ]ÊhOZh:Awo]wËnwZSy `eZ:îAx:

e]heX:BsSy:áUFyTi]Iy< Xnh:YsEy:e]h]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:Xn eËnhEyêAay¹woEyZSy XwXw

Awo:AsYye]hWh]hOZh:Awo AkYyAkYyáT¸yáT¸y e[t[hZeTXIy< [sSyBute]h

`BkwSy> e[h¹woEyEvËnw VoµWh]hAwo:AsYy]pXkh:]Iy XkAyASy:TXhAwo:AsYyButêA

e]heêAhEyt áTSy[IyæTáTEyOIytXOyeT:ZSy; FFyXnSye]hYvoêAIy]pXkh:áUFy[heF

ZSy íAw:TXy:ZXIy< e`hAyTi`BkAyXkh:Awo e[t[hêAIytêATiFwÓ<

VoµWh]h= ]XowEy:`Akay:<

VoµWh]h]Iy AÉheTjËnw Wh]hîAx:Xkh:Xn OFyBoáUFy]Iy< Ye¸ AÉh

eTjOsEy VoµWh]h\Ey ax:eZXnh 245,000,000 B¸yËnwTi]Iy< Wh]h\Ey`Xkh:Fo

Xnh `hËnOwoAyËnw¹woEyEvXkh:åUFye]h áXSyXh; e[h; PwoEy:; OwVAy; OÌoOy; VxYAyShXy;

Awo:Zx:Yh:¹nEytCkTSy ¹woEyEvXkh:áUFy]Iy< VoµWh]hOZh:Awo OwAkFsh]wËnwUwÓZSy Voµ=

`eêAhEy:Awo e[t[hZeTXIy<

VoµWh]hOZh:]Iy BZFyeOhyXeTjXnx WxFx 500 B¸yOsEy `w»wY¹woEyEvXn

FOEyeTjeTiAy[hBut]Iy< @Wh]hOZh:Awo FOEyOIyePhEy]pXnh WoZEy

]oeµiQS (Southothana) ¹nEyt XwUoZh: ]xZwX^hXhYh (Sirimahamaya) OwÓ= ]h:

]wµ² eCiOX (Siddhartha Guatama) Gwo]p ]hXSy[p]h:OFyax: áUFyBtuTi]Iy<

]p]Iy WoZh:HhOwËnw]pX oOy; e[hAAwoAYyOEyZSy eAhEy:AEyXnðAGEy:[h

e]hWoZh:=]h:[Iy: X oOyeT< eAhEy:AEyPAyXn @e[hA]wÓ GEy:ðA[h

? `áTFyPuAkeZhAyeSe]h[p]h:Xkh:AowAYyOEyZSy XIy]Iyt`Xw¸y`hNhXn

XZËnwButeT< ]p]Iy ]hXSy[p]h:OFyax:]háUFyButTi]Iy< ]p]Iy e[hAFIy:FwXy

¹nEytGwoEye]hWoZEy=]h:`ZhAwoFs y? ]ÊhOZh:AwoËnheUsBute]heêAhEyt ]¨h

OZh:e[:Ti:AwoeOúËnweUhyPoOyBut]páUFy]Iy< Voµ pe]h`XIyXnh `áBh:]pXkh:

A Bkx:áXEytBtue]hWúuShXOFyBo]háUFy]Iy< PwoFAh:[vo:=`RwÄiYyXnh ‚[Ey:eF

]p‛ ^p? áUFyTi]Iy< PÓweêAhEyt Voµ pe]h `XIyXnh ]p=Xp[ShXIy `ZEy:

X oOyeT<

]wµ² eCiOX ]Iy WoZEyXEy: ]oeµiQS eCiOX ¹nEyt SSy:FvXwUoZh: ]xZwX^h

= 11 =

XhYh OwÓ=]h:eOhyáUFyBut]Iy< WxFx 563 OsEy `w»wY¹owEyEveOhEyTwoEy: GhBZh

(Sakra) áTIySYy; ATw[\Oy (kabinhlaphath) eQ]Awo `oTyBßTyBut]Iy< Wwo:eW:

Xkh:A `hZYSy (Aryan) Xkwl:¹sYyXn GEy:]Ay[hAh; CkhXSy[pXßw:Xkh:[Iy: Pow

Xßw:¹sYyXnGEy:]AyBtueêAhEy:]wËnwZ]Iy<

eCiOXVoµ]Iy Bo¹nFyXkh:`h:XnIyteBj]Iyt eBs:¹nFy; AGoSy[áTIyt; 15 ZAy

e¸OsEy eXs:Ush:ButTi]Iy< eXs:Ush:áBEy:Bve]he¸OsEy; ‘]hXSy[p]h:W\`áUFy

`]AyËnEy[øEy WoZEyOFyTi:áUFy[wXytXIy; ]¸yËnEy:e]h[Xy:Aow [owAye[øhAyBtu[øEy

`[Ey:eT:]p áUFy[wXytXIy’ ^o TeZhUAyæTButêA]Iy< Pwoe¸XnhTEy ^wX\ºh

eOhEyAoSy:Xn GEy:[he]h Ah_eQ\x[ (Kanthevala/Kanthevin) oeBje]h

Ze]tA eCiOXe[:Awo [h?ASyeOhtBut]Iy< Pwo]pA ‚@Ae[:]Iy ]¸yËnEy:

e]h[Xy:Awo [woAye[øhAy[wXytXIy‛ ^oTeZhUAyæTBut]Iy< PwoTeZhUAyæTBkAy

]Iy eCiOX= `]AyOh> `XnSyOAYyTEy áTIytFvoBut]Iy<

eCiOX]Iy WoZEyt]h:eOhye[:áUFy]Iyt`OwoEy: Ae[:W\Xn eOs:eBj

TIh; ]wÄvTIh; FFySIy:Và^hXkh:¹nEyt FxXvB¸yBuseZ:TIhXkh:Awo e[t[hGIy:Tp:

But]Iy< BXIy:eOhyA ]¸yËnEy:e]h]páUFyZSy X[wo[h:e]heêAhEyt SIy:eTiEy:Fvo

áUEyt eTkhyËòEye`hEy`[ow[owAyBut]Iy< aOo]vo:Ti:`OsAy eËòSSy:eGhEy]ov:eGhEyAow

eGhAyeT:Btu]Iy< PwÓáTEy [nTe]h`\Oy`Fh:Xkh:; `Z]hBkwlåXwSye]h `Fh:

`FhXkh:¹nEyt `eFBvXkh:Awo[Iy:eT:But]Iy<

eCiOX`h:; `]Ay 16 ¹nFy`ËsYyOsEy BXIyy:eOhyA eQ\Q^ (Theva-

thaha) áTIyXn XEy:]Xx:e[: Ye]hyRZhVwÈh (Yasothala/Phimpha) ¹nEyt [Ay

PTyeT:But]Iy< `h^sSy (Arhon) ^pe]h ]h:eOhyOFyTi:PsSy:Ah:But]Iy< Pwo

]wÓe]hW\> 13 ¹nFyêAheSPwoEyBut]Iy< eCiOX]Iy Pow 13 ¹nFy `eOh`OsEy:

SSy:eOhyXne[:îAwXyPsAyBut]Iy< OFyîAwXyFxOsEy XOpIxe]h`áUFy`TkAy OFyBoFx

eOúBut]Iy< TPX`îAwXyOsEy `Wwo: woOFyax:¹nEyteOúBut]Iy< QoOwY`îAwXyOsEy

e][oSx:Ti: eZhCiBvFh:eSe]h]p¹nEyteOúBut]Iy< OOwY`îAwXyOsEy `e[hEy:

]YyeGhEy[he]h]p¹nEyteOúBut]Iy< FOo²`êAwXy>Xp ]¸yËnEy:?e[:Fh:PwoAy

e]h To¥wl[yOFyax:¹nEyteOú? áXEytáXOye]h]p o ]p=FwOy>BvFh:But]Iy< PwoTo¥wl[y

`eêAhEy:Awo e]Bkhe[t[h]Iyt`Bi Pwo]p]Iy ]ÊhOZh:¹nEyt eTkhyËòEyáBEy:Awo

ËnheUsáBEy:Enh e[hAQo£e\QShXkh:AwoeAkhy[sSyåTx: e[hA`ZhXkh:¹nEyt XwXwAwoYy

Awo áUOyeOhAyBut]páUFyeêAhEy: ]wËnwBut]Iy<

eCiOX]Iy TPX]vo:îAwXy> eOúËnwBute]h`áUFy`TkAyXkh:Xn [ÔW\Aow

e[:e[:SAySAy Fay:Fh:But]Iy< [p]h:Xkh:=e\QShXkh:Aow eOúËnwBvFh:But]Iy<

eXøhy[EytáBEy:TkAy]oSy:eSe]h [p]h:Xkh:=W\AwoeOs:ZEy: \Xy:SIy:But]Iy< [p

= 12 =

]h:Xkh:=W\]Iy eXs:Ush:áBEy:; îAx:Psh:áBEy:; e\QShBvFh:áBEy:; e]áBEy:¹nEyt áTSy

[IyeXs:Ush:áBEy:Pu>]h ]v]Zh[IyeS]Iy^o YovêAIyBtu]Iy< @]wÓ [IyTOy

eSe]h]v]ZhXn `WYy]pXøX[sOyeáXhAy¹woEy^oBvFh:Ah [ÔW\=`áUFyGwo:Xkh:

eêAhEyt ZOAyXe`:BvFh:ButZ]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt eCiOX]Iy @]v]ZhXn `A÷Oy

OZh:Awo ËnheUsZSy G»áTEy:áTBut]Iy<

FOo²`îAwXy> eOúáXEyBute]h`áUFy`TkAyeêAhEyt e[hA`ZhXkh:Awo Fs¸y

[sOy? ]¸yËnEy:e]h]p AkEytêAvBut]Iyt`OwoEy: åEwXy:e`:BkXy:]háBEy:Awo ËnheUs?

e[hA`ZhXkh:Aow e`hEyáXEye]h]páUFye`hEy íAw:Fh:ZSyGvo:áUOyBut]Iy< PwÓ

eêAhEyt eCiOX]Iy SSy:eOhy; XwUoZh:¹nEyt ]h:eOhyOwÓAwo Fs¸y? XwXwFwOy> BvFh:eS

e]háTcShXkh:=`eáU (]ÊhOZh:) Awo ËnheUsBut]Iy<

eáBhAy¹nFyB¸y ]ÊhOZh:Awo ËnheUsZEy:AoSy[sSyeFBut]Iy< ]peOúGvoBute]h

áXEytáXOye]h]p¹nEyt`OpËnheUse]hy[Iy: XIy]Iyt`eáUAwoXøXeOúËnwButeT< eShAy

Gvo:OsEy eCiOXAwoYyOwoEyATEy ]¨hOZh:e[:Ti:Aow ËnheUseOúËnwBut]Iy< PwoOZh:

`h:áUEyt Voµ (`[Ey:eT:]p) ^o PEyËnh:[hBut]Iy<

1< ]¨hOZh:(4)Ti:<1

A) AÉheTjËnw ]³\iXkh:`h:[vo:]IyXOIyáXuáBEy:; TkAyFx:áBEy:OwÓáUEyt

W\OsEy XeTkhyËòEyZWu \Xy:SIy:FZhXkh:]h eOúïAveSêAZ]Iy<

(Qo£]¨h/GEy:ZuáBEy:`XnSy)

B) \Xy:SIy:áBEy:]Iy XeAhEy:e]h`ZhAwo OTyXAye]heêAhEyt

áUFy]Iy< OTyXAyáBEy:A [ÔFwOyAwoXOIyáXue]h`Zh`áUFy]wÓ

eZhAyËnweF]Iy< (]XoQY]¨h)

C) TpeGs:\Xy:SIy:áBEy:]Iy [wo`EyG»FwOyAwo eáUeUkhAyáBEy:áUEyt Ao]¹woEy

]Iy< (SweZhR]¨h)

D) [woBkEyOTyXAyOOye]h e[hWFwOyAwo e`hAyTi`BkAy ËnFyBkAyáUEyt

eáUeUkhAy¹woEy]Iy< (X¥]¨h)

1< XnSyFsh áXEyáBEy:<

2< XnSyFsh eOs:eBjáBEy:<

3< XnSyFsh eáTháBEy:<

4< XnSyFsh æT[oTyáBEy:<

5< XnSyFsh `]AyeXs:áBEy:;

1 Comparison of Religion by Sathian Pahthalangsy, Eng. Trans. by John

Kouthapanya.

= 13 =

6< XnSyFsh `h:PoOyáBEy:;

7< XnSyFsh ]OwZáBEy:;

8< XnSyFsh Fp:FowAyOIyêAIyáBEy:<

2< AkEyt\OyOZh:Xkh:Aow ]sSy]EyáBEy:<

VoµWh]hOZh:= `RwA`BkAyXnh AkEyt\OyOZh:Xkh:Awo

]sSy]EyáBEy:áUFy]Iy<

A) eYWoYk FIy:AXy:Xkh:<

1< XeAhEy:XrAwo eËnhEyêAayTi<

2< eAhEy:e]h `[oTy[oTyTi<

3< FwOy¹n[vo:]¸yËnEy:Ti<

B) TIhOZh:= ]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:<

1< TIhOZh:Awo ËnheUsáBEy:]Iy XsSyáXOye]h`ZhAwo ZnheUsáBEy:

áUFy]Iy<

2< `OsEy:FwOy¹n[ov:PwSy:BßTyZSy ]sSy]EyáBEy:<

3< eOs:eOhêAvGOOye]h fNyTIhËnwZSy ]sSy]EyáBEy:<

@OOwY]sSy]EyBkAy]Iy \wXo³w (veemudti) eBj

[sOyeáXhAyáBEy:]Ów TÓweGhEy]Iy< gEy:]Iy GEy:ZuáBEy:¹nEyt

[owBkEyOTyXAyXrXn [sOyeáXhAyáBEy: áUFyåTx:; Voµ]sSy]EyBkAy=

`RwA`BkAy[Iy: áUFy]Iy<

C) eAhEy:áXOye]hAkEyt\Oy<

1< ]pOFyTi:`h: eT:AXy:Ti<

2< Bkwl]hFsh eáThGwoGAyGvTi<

3< `BkEy:BkEy: XFApIxTi<

4< ]pOFyTi:`h: Ìowe]FshGAyGvTi<

D) eAhEy:áXOye]hFwOyPh:<

1< êAXy:OXy:Fsh XæTWu ]pOFyTi:`h: êAEyShTi; eX³hPh:Ti<

2< Qo£áTcShXeZhAyeFWu êAEyShe]hFwOyáUEyt ]pOFyTi:Aow

ApIxTi<

3< WAy[woAyáBEy:XæTWu `h:[vo:Awo OSy:OpZIyOpGAyGvTi<

= 14 =

@`BSy:Xn ]EyBSy:FhYp]Eyte]h `RwA`BkAyXkh:<

]¨hOZh:e[:Ti:<

]XwoEy:eUhyáTBkAy`Z; `PAyOsEyeUhyáTPh:e]h ]¨hOZh:e[:Ti:Xnh

]wµ²eCiOX AkEyteGhEyBute]hOZh:Xkh:áUFy]Iy< PowOZh:Xkh:Xnh VoµWh]h

XFOEyXnxAOIy:A OIyËnwBute]hOZh:Xkh:áUFyAh; eCiOX[Iy:eOúËnwBtuáBEy:áUFy

]Iy< @]ÊhOZh:Awo BZFyYhSyRÊe^hEy:AkXy:OsEy eOúZeT]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt

@]XowEy:`Z; eCiOX]Iy OIyËnwåTx:e]h ]ÊhOZh:Xkh:Aow ]pAowYyOowEy ËnheUs

Ah AkEytêAvBtuáBEy:áUFy]Iy< Xcu 7:7; 8 > ‚eOhEy:êAe[ht< eOhEy:[øEyZXIy<

ËnhêAe[ht< Ënh[øEyeOúXIy< OvBi:Awo eBiAyêAe[ht< eBiAy[øEyUsEytXIy< eOhEy:

e]h]pXIy]IyAh:Z=< Ënhe]h]p[Iy:eOú=< eBiAye]h]p`h:[Iy: OvBi:

AwoUsEyt=‛ oGwoPh:Ti]Iy<

[woAye[øhAyZXIyt OZh:ËnFyTi: (X¥EyËnFyTi:)<

@OZh:ËnFyTi:]Iy GEy:ZuQo£Awo eáTåEwXy:eFe]hOZh:X^oOyeT< GEy:Zu

Qo£Awo `Gvo:]OyeFe]hOZh:[Iy: X oOyeT< ]wÓe]hy XnSyFsháXEyáBEy: Xn F?

eShAyGov:TIOyáUFy]Iyt XnSyFshFp:FowAyOIyêAIyáBEy: ËnwAh; @OZh:ËnFyTi:

`h:[vo:Awo áTIytFvoe`hEy[woAye[øhAyZSyáUFy]Iy<

]ÊhAkXy:Fh= ]sSy]EyBkAyOsEy BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy [Xy:BZx:áUFyeêAhEy:

Awo ËnEyeYh^Sy 14:6 OsEyeUhyáTPh::]Iy< BZFyeOhy`h: YvoêAIyAwo:Fh:e]h

]pOwoEy:]Iy ‚Ph\ZEZuXn AYyOEyáBEy:BvZXIy‛ (eYh^Sy 5:24; VkhQwOy

20:15)< ‚XOZh:e]h]pOwÓ=OwoAyOsSy:áBEy:]wÓX[woAy; [pGwo:OwÓ=[Xy:OsEyXZTy

XeS; XPxXutáXEyæTe]h]pOwÓ= `FIy:e\:>XPwoEy; Ph\ZWoZh:=OZh:eOhy>

eXúe[khy? OZh:eOhyAwo e¸; IXTkAyGEyáBEye`hAyeXte]h]p]Iy XCz[hËnw

=<‛ (Gh[v 1:1-3)< ‚`ZhZh> e`hEyáXEy[XytXIy< BkXy:]hðAYy\? îAx:Tsh:

áBEy:]wÓeZhAy[wXytXIy‛ (eYhÌr 1:1-5) ^p? eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy<

eCiOX]Iy ]¨hOZh:e[:Ti:= ]sSy]EyXreêAhEyt ]wµ² eCiOX p

e]h`XIyXn ‚Voµ” pe]h`XIyAowZBtu]Iy< `RwÄiYyXnh ‚]weFe]h]p; ¹wo:P

eF]p; ðAYy\]p; XwXwAwoYyAwo Owo:OAye`hEy[oTyeGhEy]p‛ áUFy]Iy< [p Xkh:A

YvoêAIyêA]Iyt`OwoEy: FFyXnSye]hWoZh:]Ów eáThEy:[ueFBtuáBEy:X oOyeT< Pwo

]¨hOZh:e[:Ti:Awo eUhyPoOyBut]páUFye]heêAhEyt; [p`Xkh:A; XwXwAwoYyAwo ]wËnw

Sh:[Iy]p; eAhEy:áXOye]h[Xy:Xn[h]p; [ÔW\`eêAhEy:eáTh¹woEy]p; TIhËnEy

îAx:^o eBjButêAáBEy:áUFy]Iy<

= 15 =

]Ey]w]Eyte]h]ÊhOZh:

1< ]wµ² eCiOX ]Iy WoZh:X oOye]heêAhEyt WoZh:áUFyeêAhEy: eUhy

áTZSy ]p>AwoYyTwoEyShX XËnweT< ]p]Iy ]Ey¹nEyt A÷¹yoTyAut]wÓ ]ÊhOZh:Awo ËnheUs

e]h]pOFyax:]h[øEyáUFyBtu]Iy< ]wÓe]hy ]p=`]AyOh> `áBh:]pXkh: PAy

]ÊhOZh:AwoíAw:Fh:ËnheUsBut]páUFy]Iy< WoZEyt]h:áUFye]heêAhEyt XEy:]h:e[:

o eBjBtu]Iy< WoZh:áUFyeêAhEy:eUhyáTPh:áBEy:XËnweT< gEy:Awo Sh:X[Iye]h]p

Xkh:A WoZh:`áUFy YvoêAIyAwo:AsYyButêAáBEy: áUFy]Iy<

2< `Xkh:A BvYp]Iyt`OwoEy: VoµWh]hOZh:]Iy e[h¹woEyEv= Wh]h

OZh:X oOyeT< [sSyBute]h¹nFyXkh:FshA `w»wY¹woEyEvXn `hËnOFyBsEy]wÓ Ttkv¹Òv[h

e]h Wh]hOZh:OFyBo]háUFy]Iy< @Wh]hOZh:OsEy ^w»mWh]hOZh:=

]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:¹nEyt eZhe¹nheS]áUEyt Wh]h\EyXkh:A XIy]IytOZh:A Voµ

Wh]hOZh:; ^w»mWh]hOZh:áUFy]IyAowTEy Xe\BsuOOyêAeT< WoZEyXEy:îAx:

UhEovXy (Fa Ngum) A VoµWh]hOZh:Awo ¹woEyEveOhyWh]h`áUFy ]OyXnOy[h

e]h`Bi e[h[pXkwl:Xkh: YBEyAYvoêAIyAow:AsYyButêAe]h SOy\wIhay YvoêAIy

áBEy:¹nEyt eZhePs:]sh:But]Iy< PÓweêAhEytYe¸OwoEye`hEy e[h¹woEyEv> PwoWh]h

OZh: ¹nFyBoXnh ÌrTyePs:eSGuáUFy]Iy<

3< VoµWh]hOZh: e[h¹woEyEvOsEy:]wÓ \EyeZhAy[háBEy:< 1353 Bo¹nFyOsEy

WoZEyXEy: UhEvoXy (Fa Ngum) A AeÉhQx:Yh:¹woEyEvXn e[h¹woEyEv]wÓ YpeGhEy[h

But]Iy< ¹woEyEveOhyWh]h`áUFy PpePhEyAh OFy¹woEyEv[vo:`h: YvoêAIyAow:AsYy

eFBut]Iy< `BýwA OwVAy¹woEyEv¹nEyt OÌoOy¹woEyEvXkh:Xn[Iy: OZh:X\Ey ]h]Sh

æTZSy eZhAyËnwButêA]Iy<

4< \wIhayYvoêAIyáBEy:= HFyáXFy<

e[h¹woEyEv]wÓ VoµWh]hX\EyXnx e[h[pXkwl:Xkh:]Iy SOy\wIhayXkh:Awo ¹nFy

eTiEy:Xkh:Fsh YvoêAIyAwo:AsYyButêA]Iy< BZFyYhSy]ÊhAkXy:FhOsEy; WoZh:]BEy

Awo YvoêAIyAwo:AsYy]Aut]wÓ; FhOSyËnweêAhEy:Aow[Iy: YvoêAIyButêA]Iy (AÉhax:

3:1-7)< PwÓeêAhEyt [pOwÓ= YvoêAIyáBEy:Awo e`hAyTi`OwoEy: ]XwoEy:eêAhEy:`Z

eOúZ]Iy<

A) `F`ax:>e[hA[p]h:`h:[vo:]Iy WoZh:OFyTi:OIy:Awo]h YvoêAIy

= 16 =

ButêA]Iy< SOy\wIhay¹nEyt `áBh:Wh]hXkh:Aow Aow:AsYyáBEy: XæTBtueT<

B) FhOSy]Iy [p]h:Xkh: YvoêAIye]h QoOwYTo¥wl[y]háUFyBut]Iy<

C) AsuáTh:e]h CwoNy:CNXkh:; YvoêAIyBkAy¹nEyt Wh]hOZh:Xkh:]Iy

eShAy[owAy`ZhXkh:áUFyAh; Ye¸OwoEyOIyËnweS]Iy<

D) [p]h:Xkh:]Iy WoZh:]BEy¹nEyt `BkwSyêAháXEytFsh e\:AshButZhXn áTSy?

WoZh:]BEyPv[nIyt[hêA]Iy<

E) e[h¹woEyEv> VoµWh]hOZh:Awo ¹woEyEveOhyWh]hOFyBo`áUFy ]OyXnOy

BtuBkwSyA VoµWh]hAwo Sh:[Iy]IyáUFyeF; Sh:X[Iy]IyáUFyeF; e[h

¹woEyEv> eXs:Ush:[h]pOwoEy:]Iy VoµWh]h\EyXkh:áUFyButêA]Iy< X]wSh:

X[Iye]hy[Iy: eOúáXEyZe]h`Zh; XwWXkh:= YvoêAIyZh; ¹owEyEveOhy

A ax:eGhEyZheShAy[woAy? YvoêAIy Awo:AsYyButêA]Iy<

F) Wh]hOZh:OwoEy:]Iy eAhEy:áXOyTi][h:<

e[h¹woEyEv]h:Xkh:]Iy; Wh]hOZh:OowEy:A eAhEy:áXOyáBEy:Aow]h ]sSy

]Eye]heêAhEyt Wh]hOZh:OwoEy:]IyeAhEy:áXOy]Iy o XkAyFwXnwOyYvoêAIy

[AyBvêA]Iy< Pow]Ów[AyBváBEy:]Iy Wh]hOZh:`eêAhEy:Awo Sh:X[Iye]h

eêAhEytáUFy]Iy< Wh]hOZh:OwoEy:A eAhEy:áXOye]h`ZhAwo X]sSy]EyeT<

`Býwe]hWh]hOZh:Xkh:A `áBh:e]h]pXkh:=`]AyAwo TkAyFx:eF? XwXw=

`]AyAwo[Iy: TkAyFx:eF¹woEyTi]Iy< eAhEy:e]hWh]hOZh:[Iy:ËnwTi]Iy<

]Ówe]hy[Iy:[p]h:Xkh:= [wo`TyBkAyAwo XáUIytGIy:¹woEyeT< eAhEy:]Iy^oBvYp

e]hWh]hOZh:OowEy:]Iy ‚WoZh:]BEy; `áTFyXnAYyOEyáBEy:OZh:¹nEyt Ph\Z

`]Ay‛ F]IyOÓwAowXeT:¹woEyTi< @`Zh]vo:Ti:Awo OFyBoOIy:e]h[Xy:Xn]h ZËnw

¹woEyTi]Iy< Pow[Xy:Xnh; BZFyeOhyeYÌrAowYovêAIyáBEy:áUFyTi]Iy< `WYyteêAhEyt

Gwoe]hy BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy AÉhe[hA[p]h:OwoEy:¹nEyt VoµWh]h\EyOwoEy:A

eFhEyteXøhyeS]p eXËnwY`ËnEyTEy áUFyTi]Iy<

G) ]OwæTZXIyt `ZhXkh:<

WoZh:]BEy; \wIhay; Wh]hOZh:¹nEyt CwoNy:CNXkh:Xnh AsuáTh:áBh:Sh:

êATi]Iy< ]Ówe]hy; WoZh:]BEyXnh OFyGpOIy:]hËnwTi]Iy< `Býwe]h]pXkh:

A WoZh:`Xkh:(Xkh:Fsh)Ënw]Iy^o BvYpêA]Iy< SOy\wIhayGwo:Xkh:FshËnw]Iy<

Pwo\wIhayGwo:Xkh:=eBiEy:eGhEyXnh FhOSyáUFy]Iy< Wh]hOZh: Xkh:FshËnw]Iy<

`¨[Xy]h]h¹nEyt BZFyYhSyWh]hOwÓ]Iy WoZh:]BEyOFyTi:OIy:]h Ënw

eêAhEy: YvoêAIy[AyBvêA]Iy< ^w»mWh]h¹nEyt GFyByWh]hOwÓA WoZh:Xkh:Fsh

ËnweêAhEy: YvoêAIy[AyBvêA]Iy< `Býwe]h]pXkh:AXp WoZh:]BEyËnweêAhEy:

= 17 =

XYvoêAIy êAeT< VoµWh]h; Oh`ow (Taoism,2); ËnEyOow (Shintoism,3) Wh]h

OZh:Xkh:Xnh [p=FsXy:eGhEyXr`ZhAow]h [AyBvYvoêAIyêA]Iy<

H) VoµWh]h]Iy WoZh:]BEy¹nEyteAhEy:AEyOXSyAwo XYvoêAIye]h]p

Xkh:`[Yy>OIyePhEyBut]Iy< Voµ=]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:Xnh Ti_wWh]háUEyt]h eZ:

]h:Ph:e]heêAhEyt ]ÊhOZh:AwoeOúËnwZSy Voµ=eOs:eBjXr; ]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:Awo

eAhEy:XsSyFshe[t[hZXIy< @Wh]hAwo YvoêAIye]h]pOwoEy:]Iy gEy:]sSy]Ey

BkAyXkh:= `RwÄhYyAwo ËnheUse[t[hZXIy< VoµWh]hOZh:]Iy fNyTIhAwo

`]vo:æTZSy¹nEyt ¹rOyATOyeOhyAwo e[:Fh:ZSy]sSy]Ey]Iy< ¹rOyATOyeOhy Gwo

]IyXnh XIy]pSIy:< ¹rOyATOyeOhyGwo]IyXnh `WYySIy:< @]sSy]EyBkAyAow

êAh:Sh]pOwoEy: Sh:[Iy]wËnwZSy fNyTIhAwo`]vo:æT? e[t[hZXIy< A÷¹yoTy

`OsAyXnh ¹rOyATOyeOhy]Iy BZFyeOhyeYÌrWoZh:TEy áUFyTi]Iy< (ËnEyeYh

^Sy 1:1-3 AowUOyTi<)

Fk) Voµ= ]sSy]Eye^heáThBkAy<4

VoµWoZh:e^hBut]IyXnh ‚]Êh]OwËnw[øAy AYyOEyáBEy:Awo ËnheUsZ

XIy‛ ^p? ]sSy]EyButTi]Iy< [Ay[sOyFTYyeSOOy]p]Iy AYyOEyáBEy:XBv

ZeOhteT< AYyOEyáBEy:OZh:Awo ËnheUseOúËnwZSy CÌoOFwoAye[t[hUwÓ fNyTIh

Awo `]vo:æTZXIy<

2 A popular Chinese religion, originating in the doctrines of Lao-tzu but later

highly eclectic in nature and characterized by a pantheon of many gods and by the practice of alchemy, divination, and magic. (Webster’s Unbridged Dictionary)

3 The native religion of Japan, primarily a system of nature and ancestor worship.

(Webster’s Unbridged Dictionary) 4 Lao Cultural Awarness by John C. Kounthapanya, 1990.

= 18 =

`BSy: (3)

Voµ=]sSy]EyBkAy]Iy

XIy]Iyt`BkwSyAh[OwoEy OIyeSXIySIy:<

`ZEyeZhAy[háBEy:¹nEyt eShAyXneZhAy[háBEy:]Iy `eZ:XîAx:eT<

eZhAy[h]Iyt]p= ZIyËsYyBkAy]h[øE y`eZ:îAx:Ti]Iy<

]wÓe]hy Voµ¹nEyt BZFyeOhyWoZh:= ZIyËsYyBkAyXnh AsuáTh:áBh:Sh:Ti]Iy<

`EyOh BkSyOh\XyeGhEyt

VoµAkXy:CSy> eOúZe]h AkXy:FAh:eOhyXkh:<

A÷¹yoTy]Iy [eTiEy:Xkh:Fsh`BkwSyYp? VoµAkXy:CSy¹nEyt BZFyYhSyAkXy:FhAow

¹rwEy:Ynaye[t[hButTi]Iy< Pwo]wÓe[t[h]Iyt`Bi VoµAkXy:CSy>;

‚êAIytTi; `Xkwl:]Xx:OFyax:]Iy \Oy[voáUm\Oy? ]x[ËnEyXæTBute]hy VoµWh]h

]Iy `¹nFyEi:ePhEyêAheIhEy:[wXytXIy< `Xkwl:]Xx:OFyax: ]x[ËnEy æTBut[øEyXp

@]sSy]EyBkAy]Iy `¹nFyEi:ZhOsEyGvo:[wXytXIy‛5 o GwoPh:Ti]Iy<

eShEyOFyBkwSyOsEy X^hVwoeQ:BpPXx: (Mahavodeekotamee) ^o `XIyOsEy

e]h `Xkwl:]Xx:OFyax:]Iy ]x[ËnEy\OyBsEytæTZSyeOhEy:GwoButAh;6 BsEytæTáBEy:ZËnwBtu

]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt PowTeZhUAyæTBkAy`OwoEy: Voµ=]sSy]EyBkAyXnh ¹nFyeTiEy:Ei:Zh

`OsAy]h áUFyButTi]Iy<

VoµáT£QwSy¹nEyt BZFyYhSyáT£QwSyAwo ¹rwEy:YnayêAIyte]h`Bi VoµWoZh:

TeZhUAyæTåTx:eShAy ¹nFyeTiEy:Ei:Zh`êAhOsEy BZFyeOhyeYÌr eTjPsSy:ButeêAhEy:

eOúZ]Iy< gEy:]IyOwoAyGwoEyáBEy:OFyBo[h:<

[pXkh:eZ:e[t; eáThe[tËnwe]h TvoáTEyOFyToQyËnwBut]Iy< PowTvoáTEyPuOsEy VoµAow

YvoêAIyXrOwXyeAh[h]Iyt`BkwSyOsEy OFyTi:OIy:]hËnwe]hWoZh:; eX³heOhy

ËnEyWoZh:; AYyOEyËnEyWoZh: GEy:]Ay[h? AYyOEyáBEy: `XræTXIy^o GowPh:

]Iy< Voµ=TeZhUAyæTBkAy> eShEy¹nFyEi:ZhOsEy VoµWh]hOZh:Xnh AsYy

eTkhAy]sh:? CÌoNhËnEyWoZh: OFyTi: eTjPsSy:[hXIy^o eUhyáTButTi]Iy< Pow

`BkwSy> WoZh:]BEyA TeZhUAyæTBkAyeT:? BZFyeOhyAwo `áTFyPuXn [p]h:Xkh:

5 Book of Buddha, Seventh Edition, page 330 (Thai Edition)

6 Book of Buddha, 24rd edition, page 389 (Thai Edition)

= 19 =

`h:AYyOEyZSy eF[sOyButáBEy:áUFyeêAhEy: Sh:[IyZTi]Iy< gEy:Xnh OwoAyGwoEy

áBEy:[h:< WoZh:]BEy= `êAvFIyeOhy[h:< BZFyYhSy]ÊhAkXy:Fh eUhyáTBkAy

`Z USyGEy:ËnEyWoZh:=`êAv`FIyTEyáUFyTi]Iy< WoZh:]BEy]Iy [p]h:OwoEy:

Awo ]BEyeYÌr]Iy e[hA]h:Xkh: eXøhy[EyteFhEytFh:eSe]h AYyOEyËnEy

áUFyeêAhEy: ]weF[ow]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt BZFyeOhyAow`WYy]wÓáEEy:TYy¹woEyXIySIy:<

]p]Iy VoµeShAyXneTjPsSy:XIy^o VoµAGowBtu]Iyt`OowEy: WoZh:]BEy= eXËnwY

ËnEy`áUFy PEyËnh:Btu]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt BZFyeOhyAwo eXËnwYËnEy`áUFy [AyBváBEy:Xnh

Voµ= TeZhUAyæTBkAyAwo [AyBváBEy:TEyáUFyTi]Iy<

A÷¹yoTy]Iy WoSy:îAx:eAkhEy:> Voµ]Iy `[Ey:eT:]p XáUFyBEy ]p=`XIy

Xnh ]wµ² eCiOXáUFyeêAhEy: ]EyYpButTi]Iy< WxFx 543 Bo¹nFy> w»wY¹woEyEv;

GAy(B)XháTIySYy; ATw[\OyèXwAwo `oTyFwo:Bute]h WoZEyXEy: ]oeµiQS¹nEyt XwUoZh:

]xZwX^hXhYh OwÓ= ]h:eOhyáUFy]Iy< Pwo`BkwSyOsEy WoZEyXEy:¹nEyt OwoEy:]páTIy

]h:Xkh:]Iy w»mWh]h> ^w»mWoZh:Xkh:¹nEyt [IyTOyeSe]h W\]v]Zh>

áTSy[IyeXs:Ush:áBEy:Awo YvoêAIyButêA]Iy<

XEy:]h:e[: ]wµ² ]Iy oTyBßTyeZ:TIhAwo eAhEy:XsSyFsh ]EyYpBute]hy

[Iy: îAx:áTEy:[he]h`Bi ¹woEyEveZ:Awo FwOy\EyFh:áBEy:XæTWu; [Ô`]AyOh

`eêAhEy:Aow]h FwOy\EyFh:[hBut]Iy< @Aut]wÓ áUFyZáBEy:Xnh ]p=FwOyPu> áUFy

eTj[he]h eX:BsSy:Xkh:Awo `eáUËnhZhXn áUFyeTj[háBEy:áUFy]Iy< PoweX:BsSy: Xnh;

[p]Iy`WYy]Ówe]h]³\iáUFy]SIy:< `WYy`ZTyXn [h]SIy:< `WYyt

`OsAyeêAhEyt `]AyËnEyZ]SIy:< e]åTx:eShAy `WYy`ZTy]wÓ]sh: XIySIy:<

@eX:BsSy:Xkh:Aow A÷¹yoTy[Iy:eX:áXSy:[owFwOyËnwBut]Iy< ]wµ² ]Iy @

eX:BsSy:Xkh:= `eáUAwo]wËnw[woe]heêAhEyt WoSy:îAx:Xkh:¹nEyt ^w»mTeZhUAyXkh:>

e[t[h ]EyYpBut]Iy< ]wÓe]hy]pFwOyeAkSTye]h `eáUAwo XZËnwButeT<

`]Ay 16 ¹nFy> wXyePhEyæTAh ]h:eOhyOFyTi:PsSy:Ah:Btu]Iy< ]wµ²

]Iy [AyPTyåTx: ]h:eOhyOFyax:TEy ZËnwBute]hy[Iy: ]ÊhOZh:Awo ËnheUs

[woe]h ]p=G»Xnh eTkhAyX]sh:ButeT<

PwÓeêAhEyteShAyGvo:OsEy `]Ay 29 ¹nFyËnw[he]h`Bi Xw]h:Fo; T¨Iy:a¨h

¹nEyt SSy:eOhyAwoFs¸y? eOhPsAyAh ]ÊhOZh:Awo ËnheUsZSy Gvo:áUOyBut]Iy<

]wµ² ËnheUsBute]h`ZhXnh VoµWh]h= ]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:TEyáUFy[h]Iy<

ax:FsheZhAy]p¹nEyteShAyXneZhAy[h]p; `WYy]p]Iy `eZ:îAx:]SIy:<

A÷¹yoTyOwÓ¹woEyEv> ]BEyeYÌr`eêAhEy: FOEy]sSy]Ey[h]Iyt`Bi eËÒAke]h

]p¹nEty eShAyAke]h]p`WYy]p]Iy]h? `eZ:îAx:eêAhEy:áEEy:BvoBut]Iy<

= 20 =

OFyax:A ‚Voµ]IyeËn:Ake]heêAhEytTwo?áXEytáXOy]Iy< TeZhUAyæTBute]h]p áUFy

e]heêAhEytTwo?áXEytáXOyeêAhEy: ]wZ]Iy‛ ^oGwo]Iy<

]wÓe]hy `áBh:e]hOFyax:A ‚BZFyeOhy]Iy eShAyXn[he]heêAhEyt

]h? áXEytáXOy]Iy‛ ^o eáTh]Iy<

Two?e[t[he[ Two?Sh:[Iy[h]IyXnh @`eáU¹nFyBoF[vo:Xnh `RwÄiYyËnwTi

]Iy< ]wÓe]hy[Iy: Pow]p¹nFyax:=ZIyËsYyBkAy¹nEyt XIy]pXIy\i áUFyeêAhEy:Xnh

`EyXOSyXn AsuáTh:áBh:Sh:eêAhEy: e`hAyTi`OwoEy:]wËnwZTi]Iy<

Voµ eYÌrBZFyeOhy

1< XeXs:Ush:BEy `WYy`ZTyXn[h?

`WYy]páUFy XnSy:X]wZTi<

1< e[hAAowUSy:GEy:e]hWoZh:áUFy]Iy<

eAhEy:AEyWvo> BXIy:eOhyWoZh:¹nEyt

`OpËnweSe]h]páUFy]Iy<

2< `w»wY¹woEyEvWoZEytXkwl:¹sYyXn GEy:]Ay[h

]páUFy]Iy< ]p=UBEyXnh ]oeµiQS áUFy?

XwBEyXnh ]xZwX^hXhYh áUFy=<

2< ¢]eZ[WoZEyXkwl:¹sYyXn GEy:]Ay[h]p

áUFy]Iy< WePs:áUFy]pXnh eYh]TyáUFyåTx:

XwBEyXnh XhZwáUFy]Iy<

3< ]hXSy[p]h:OFyax:]háUFy]Iy< eXs:Ush:

ZSy eF[sOyáBEy:BvZe]h WoZh:X^oOyeT<

3< BXIy:eOhy= eF[sOyáBEy:BvZ? [p]h:Xkh:

`h: `áTFyXnAYyOEyZSy e[hA]wÓðA[h

e]h]páUFy]Iy<

4< XwBEy= wTyXAy; FwOyAp:`OwoEy: eXs:Ush:[h

e]h ]hXSy[p]h:OFyax:]háUFy]Iy<

4< WoZh:]BEy= COweOhy`OwoEy:; RÊe^hEy:

AkXy:Fh> eUhyáTPh:e]h COweOhy`OwoEy:

eXs:Ush:[h]páUFy]Iy<

5< [p]h:= FwOyG»`Z ]Wh\`OwoEy:

eXs:Ush:[h]páUFyTi]Iy<

5< [ÔG»áUEyt X^oOyWu ] yËnEy:e]h \wIhay

eOhy`h:áUEyt TJw]eÀOIy? eXs:Ush:But]p

áUFy]Iy<

6< XIy]Iyt `vtUsYyZh SwXwOy[£NhXn

X[oTyáTButeT<

6< vtê]WsYy SwXwOy[£NhXkh:áT]But]Iy<

`PEy Ënh:Gov:¹nEyt `eZ:`îAx:Gvo:Xnh [pAow

e]áBEy:Xn ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyáBEy:áUFy]Iy<

7< ]hXSy[pXkh:Aut]wÓTEy TIh]EyYpBut]Iy< 7< fNyTIh¹nEyt áTIytFvo]Iy<

8< ]h:XYh:ËnwBut]Iy< 8< ]h:XYh:XËnwButeT<

= 21 =

9< `]Ay 80 OsEy \Ay]h:`GwTyOAyåTx:

e]Gvo:But]Iy< ]p=e]Gvo:áBEy:> ZIyËsYy

BkAyXËnweT<

9< `]Ay 33 ¹nFyOsEy [Ay\i:Ah:OwoEyeTj

`e]BvBut]Iy< ZIyËsYyBkAyXnh `áTFyPuXn

[p]h:Xkh:Aow AYyOEyZSyáUFy]Iy<

10< e]áBEy:Xn áTSy[IyPeáXhAyáBEy:XËnwButeT<

`áXu e]e]h]páUFy]Iy<

10< AkXy:Fh> TeZhUAyæTPh:]Iyt `OwoEy:

e]Bute]hy[Iy: ]vo:ZAyeáXhAy e]he¸>

ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyBut]Iy<

11< e]Gvo:åTx: `WYy`ZTy]Ów ]sh:]IyAwo

`WYy]pXøX]weT<

11< ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyåTx: OTIyteOhyXkh:¹nEyt

ZAyeTiEy: 40 `OpeSButåTx: [peTiEy: 500

XkAyeXnhAy> eAhEy:AEy]wÓ BkxeGhEyáBEy:

BvBut]Iy<

12< YBoBkwSy Wh[oTyeS]IyAwo[Iy: `WYy

]pXø X]weT<

12< BZFyeOhy]Iy WoZh:]BEy= [AyYh

WAyOsEyPwoEyåTx:; A÷¹yoTyOwÓ`OsAy GoeOhEy:

eT:eS]Iy< A÷¹oyTyOwÓ`OsAyeS`wXyAwo

áTEyGEyeT:eS]Iy<

13< Voµ]Iy áTSyðA[hXIyX oOyeOhteT<

13< @e[hA]wÓ OUSyáTSy[h? OZh:FxZEy

`oTyFow:[wXytXIy<

@ 13 BkAyáUEyt Voµ¹nEyt eYÌrBZFyeOhy= FFyXnSye]h ]eWh]Wh\Xnh

AusáTh:áBh:Sh:eêAhEy:Awo ËnEy:[Ey:Fsh]wËnwZTi]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt ax:FsheZhAyËnw[h]p;

eShAyXn[h]p^o BsuáBh:]IyXnh `eZ:XTieOhteT< Pwo]p=eZhAy[háBEy: ZIy

ËsYy BkAy¹nEyt XIy]pXIy\iáUFyeêAhEy:]Iy]h `eZ:îAx:Ti]Iy<

Voµ]Iy ]ÊhOZh:Awo ËnheUs]páUFy]Iy<

BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy ]ÊhOZh:áUFy]Iy<

(ËnEyeYh^Sy 5:24)

= 22 =

`BSy: (4)

TováTEyPuA AYyOEyËnEyOFyTi:;

Fh:e]hAye]h]p]Iy eAkSTy[wXytXIy;

]EyFh:e]h`Fh`h:áUEyt XFh:e]h]pAow eAkSTyeFXIyX^oOy<

]Eyt\wIhayËnEy]SyZSy AYyOEyËnEyAwoYvoêAIy[AyBvZXIy;

`áBh:e]h]p=YvoêAIyáBEy:áUEyt ]EyAYyOEyáBEy:XZ¹woEyeT<

ðAGEy:[hXIyt AYyOEyËnEy`OsAyTeZhUAyæTBkAy<

`eFhTwoEy:OsEy eUhyáTPh:]Iyt`OwoEy: A÷¹oyTyOwÓ¹woEyEvOsEy eËn:e^hEy:TvoáTEy

OFyToQyËnwBut]Iy< PwoTvoáTEy> ‚VoµWh]hOZh: OwXyeAh[h]Iyt`BiOsEy WoZh:

OFyGpËnweêAhEy:; AYyOEyZSy CÌoNheX³hËnEyWoZh: ]wÓX^oOy AYyOEyËnEy

WoZh: ðA[hXIyáUFyeêAhEy:‛ eáTháTPh:]Iy<

‚eAk:[AyeOhËshe[:OsEy GEy:Zu]h:Xkh:¹nEyt`Op eXs:Ush:BvZe]hy[Iy:

OSyBwo:îAx:[wXytXIy< BÀhAowYy> QNyBkAyXkh:eêAhEyt ËsvËnhUsYyáUFy[wXytXIy< Pwo]p

`h: YvoêAIy[AyBve]h]p]Iy EZu]wÓAkeZhAyáBEy:Xn [sOyeáXhAy[wXytXIy‛7 ^o

VoµA TeZhUAyæTBut]Iy<

BZFyeOhy=]AyeOhyFayAwo e[t[h]Iyt`Bi PwoTvoáTEy¹nEyt `[sSySx:FTy

eêAhEy: eOúZ]Iy< OFyeêAhEy:BkEy:Awo e[t[h]Iyt`Bi;

A) VoµOZh: OwXyeAh[h]Iyt`Bi AYyOEyËnEyWoZh: ðA[hXIy<

VoµWoZh:TeZhUAyæTåTx:eShAy 543 ¹nFyêAhe]h`Bi BZFyeOhyeYÌr

e[hA]wÓ ðAGEy:But]Iy< `Xkwl:]Xx:OFyax: ]x[ËnEyáUFy[h]Iyt`Bi VoµWh]h

OZh: Gvo:BSy:]wÓeZhAy[wXytXIy^p]Iyt TeZhUAyæTBkAy`OwoEy:TEy ]XwoEy:eUhyáT

BkAy`Z `Xkwl:]Xx:OFyax: ]x[ËnEyæTBut]Iy<

B) eOhËshe[:OsEy eXs:Ush:[wXytXIy<

BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy WoZEyQi\wQyXkwl:¹sYyXn GEy:]AyBute]hy[Iy: WePs:

eYh]TyXnh GEy:Zue]h[Ay]Xh:OFyax:áUFyBut]Iy (Xcu 13:55)< BZFyeOhy

eYÌrAwo SSy:eOhyPuOsEy X oOyWu ¹sh:OEy:AoOyOsEy eXs:Ush:But]Iy ([oAh 2:6;

7 Tranditional Lao Poem.

= 23 =

7)< eXs:Ush:ZhHhOw VAy[EyèXwAwo èXwEYye[:`áUFy]h [p]wXkh:]Iy (Xw£h 5:2;

Xcu 2:1-6)< @`BkAyXkh:`h:[vo:]Iy Voµ=TeZhUAyæTBkAy¹nEyt AowAyIxTi

]Iy<

C) OSyBwo:ËnEy

]ÊhAkXy:Fh> BZFyeOhy=]AyeOhyFayAow UOyÌr]Iyt`Bi BZFyeOhy]Iy

[pTZw]Oy`[IyOsEy SwXwOy[£NhOSyBwo:Xkh:áT]ButeêAhEy: eOúZTi]Iy< Ukh:

Sh]pXkh:AwoAkSy:XheFáBEy:; `SheZhCiåEwXy:eFáBEy: (Xcu; 15:29-31); SOyGwo:

Xkh:`h:¹nEyPoOyáBEy:(Xcu 8:8-34); eZeTj[Xy:e[øhAyáBEy:(Xcu 14:25-27);

e]e]h]p`h:`]AyËnEyeFáBEy:(eYh^Sy 11:36-45); XwXwAowYyOowEy e]áBEy:Xn

ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyáBEy: (eYh^Sy 20:1-10) F]Iyt SwXwOy[£NhXkh: áT]But

]Iy< @`ZhXkh:]Iy e[hA¹nEyt¹rwEy:Ynay?XZe]h BZFyeOhyeYÌr= OSyBwo:

eOhy áUFy]Iy<

E) ËsvËnhUsYy QNyZhXkh:¹nEyt eYÌr

BZFy\EyAkXy: (4)AkXy:OsEy BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo QNyZhQNyBkAyXkh:¹nEyt IÕEy:

GuButáBEy: eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy ([oAh 22:63-65; 23:16-17; Xcu 27:27- 31)<

PwÓ`áTEy Ah:OowEyeTjOEy? AsTyáXAyButeêAhEy: (eYh^Sy 19:18); [nváUEytPwo:¹nAy

BtueêAhEy: (ËnEyeYh^Sy 19:34) eOúZTi]Iy< @`áUFy`TkAyXkh:`h:[vo:Awo Voµ

A íAwOEy? TeZhUAyæTBut]Iy< ÌowAy¹nAyáBEy:; [nváUEytPow:áBEy:; [pPoA áTAyZYyæT

Ah ËsvËnhUsYyáUFy? eOúáXEye]h]pOwoEy:A [nIytáTSyBkEyêAXIy< Pwo]BEyAwo [AyBv

YvoêAIyZXIyt`Fh: IÕEy:TSy:¹nwTyFAyBtuêA]Iy< ]ÊhAkXy:Fh> ËnEyeYh^Sy A

3:18 OsEy ‚Pwo]BEyAwo YvoêAIye]h]p]Iy OZh:FxZEyáBEy:XBvZWu; XYvoêAIy

e]h]p]Iy WoZh:]BEy= ]h:eOhyAow [AyXBve]heêAhEyt OZh:FxZEyåTx:]h:

áUFyeêAhEy:;‛ eUjáTPh:]Iy< eYh^Sy 3:16 OsEy ‚Pwo]h:eOhyAwo YvoêAIy

e]h]p]Iy Ph\Z`]AyAwo Z? XYvoêAIye]h]p]Iy Ph\Z`]AyAwo

Z[wXytXIyX^oOy; WoZh:]BEy= `XkAyeQi]]h AkeZhAy[wXytXIy‛ o eZ:]h:

eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy<

ËnEyXcu 10:32; 33 OsEy BZFyeOhyA ‚`êAEy]p]Iy[pOwÓeËÒXnh EitAwo\Sy

Bv`vt; eAhEy:AEyWvo>Ënwe]h Ei=BXIy:eOhyeËÒXnh Pow]pAwo Ei\SyBvXIy< `êAEy]p

]Iy[pOwÓeËÒXnhEitAwoáEEy:TYy`vt; eAhEy:AEyWvo>Ënwe]h Ei=BXIy:eOhyeËÒXnh Pow

]pAwoEiáEEy:TYyXIy‛ oGwoBut]Iy<

eZhX 10:9; ‚`WYy]wÓSIy:^pXpAh:; ]Ey]Iy]BEyeYÌrAwo ¹rOyáUEyt \SyBv

?; WoZh:]BEy]Iy]ÔAwoe]áBEy:Xn ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyeFåTx^o FwOy¹n[vo:Pu> YvoêAIy

= 24 =

[øEy; AYyOEyáBEy:]wÓ eZhAy[wXytXIy<‛

VkhQwOy 20:15; ‚`]AyFheFhEy> FhZEy:X\Eye]h]pËnw]XøAwo[Iy: Xx:`woEy

Pu]wÓ BkTFye[=<‛

EZuXx: woEy]Iy [p]h:Xkh:= QoOwY¹nEyt eShAyGvo:`îAwXye]áBEy:áUFy]Iy<

eYÌrBZFy= `]AyFheFhEy> ShXIyeZ:]h:Ph:e]h]p]Iy AOweOhy

`OwoEy: áTEyGEyeT:e]h eAhEy:AEy]Fy; eáXîAx:]FyAwo \EyFh:Z[wXytXIy<

PÓweêAhEyt eShAyGvo:e]h OZh:FxZEye]he¸> EZuXx:`woEyPu]wÓBkTFyáBEy:BvZe]h]p]Iy `áTFy]h: áUFy

e]heêAhEyt X^oOyWu; BZFyeOhy`h:áUEyt `áTFyXn BsEyt[sOyáBEy:OZh:Awo [AyXBve]heêAhEyt]háUFy]Iy<

= 25 =

`BSy: (5)

eXËnwY`eêAhEy: TeZhUAyæTBkAy

A÷¹oyTyOÓwËshOsEy; Ësh]h:OwoEy:]we]h TeZhUAyæTBkAyOFyBoËnwBut]Iy< ]Ów

e]hy A÷¹oyTyEYyFayW\>áUFy? FwOy\EyFh:XrXËnwBtueT< eShAyOsEy; BZFyeOhyeYÌr

`eêAhEy: e[t[hZEy: PowTeZhUAyæTBkAyXnh `[sSyTEy `SAy`RwÄhYyËnweêAhEy:

GEyáBEyXwButTi]Iy< eAhEy:XrXkh:; CÌoNhFwOyáUEyt [oTyeGhEye]h`[oTyXkh:

`h:áUEyt eAhEy:AEy¹woEyEv]wÓ XeZhAy¹woEy; e[hAAwo AYyOEyZSyðA[he]h

eXËnwYAow [AyBv; [AyXBvGwo]Iyt`BkAy> ]h[øEy `RwAáUFyeêAhEy: Sh:[Iy

[hButTi]Iy< VoµAowYyOwoEy TeZhUAyæTBkAy>[Iy: @]wÓeOúËnwZTi]Iy<

Voµ]Iy BZx:[nIyt[IyeSButFay `]Ay`ËsYy`woXEy:eSåTxáUFye]h `w»wY

`Wwo: wo áV^‰h (Brahman) A @]wÓeX:But]Iy<8

áV ‰h< `WYy]wÓe]hOZh:`h:PoOyáBEy:; eËnhEyêAayáBEy:; `FheËnhEyáBEy:

¹nEyt eT:AXy:áBEy:Xkh:áUEyt; XwXw]Iy `áTFy¹svPuXnAYyOEyáBEy: ZËnw

¹woEyXIySIy:<

Voµ< eT:AXy:e]hy[Iy:; Ei:Ti:]x[eFhEyte]hy[Iy:; ËnFyTi:]x[ eFhEyt

e]hy[Iy:; WoSy:îAx:\OyåTx: OZh: 227 Ti:Awo [woAye[øhAye]hy

[Iy:; îAwXyeTiEy:]Sy:BkxXA GoeOhEy:e]hy[Iy:; OFye¸OsEy

Ei:îAwXyOZh:`h:PoOye]hy[Iy: ]Ey]Iy AYyOEyáBEy:XZ¹woEyeT<

@OZh:Xkh:Aow e¸OwoEy:[oTyeGhEye]hy[Iy: GvTEyOFyTEy= ËnFyTvo

OFyTvoB¸yXø¹nEyt Ixe]hAo]ow[y]h[øEy ZËnw[wXytXIy< XwBEy\Xy:Pu>]h

Ënwe]:e]hAe[:TEy[øEy eAhEy:AEy¹woEyEv OvBi:\]wÓX\Ey¹woEy<

áV ‰h< Pow]wÓGwo[øEy AYyOEyáBEy:ZËnwZSy `WYy]wÓ[oTyeGhEyZXIySIy:<

Voµ< [p=`áTFy]Iy Xkh:[sSy:[n]Iy< e[:[sSy:[n]Iy< eAhEy:AEy

PAy e[:]Iy< eáXîAx:PAy Pp]Iy< eáXîAx:OFyáTEy[vo:>Ënwe]h

eAkhAyOvo:Xkh:PAyîAx:? Pp]Iy< ¹nFyFay eAhEy:AEyOXSyXkh:A

8 Book of Buddah (Tri Pee Dok Bible, Thai Edition) book 7, page 23. The

Monk Siri Visouthivong in the temple Phra Sing in Chaingmai certified to its accuracy.

= 26 =

PwoeAkhAyOvo:Xkh:Awo ËnEy:TFy? eTkhAy]sh:Btue]hy `áTFy]Iy[Iy:

eTkhAy]sh:[wXytXIy< XwXwAowYyAwo YHyTpeHhyáBEy:; XwXwTwoEyGwoEy]Xø FIy:

FwXya¨hXkh:Awo Fs¸y[sOyTpeHhyáBEy:; OTyXAyUsYye]h AhXCoNyXkh:Awo

Fs¸yáBEy:áUEyt WoSy:îAx:\Oye]hy[Iy:; `áXEytGvo:e]h]peOhyeAhEy:

`áUFy ]v]Zh> `USyUSyAkEy[Iye]hy[Iy: AYy OEyáBEy:XZ¹owEy

eT<

áV ‰h< @]wÓGwo[øEy; `WYy]wÓ [oTyeGhEyZXIySIy:<

Voµ< CÌoNheX³hOZh:¹nEyt `[oTy[oTyZEy: e[hAAwo AYyOEyZSy ðA

[hXIyt WoZh:AwoËnhTi< ]p]Iy]EytAwo AYyOEy[wXytXIy< ]p=

`XIyXnh `ZweXe³Yk (AYyOEyËnEy) áUFy]Iy< Pwo]p]Iy Eit`ZEy

ËnwBut? EiteShAyXn[hXIyt]páUFy]Iy<

áV ‰h< AYyOEyËnEyWoZh: ]wÓX oOy CÌoNhËnEyWoZh: `ZweXe³Yk = AwoYy

AkEytOZh:Xnh `WYy]wÓSIy:<

Voµ< e[hAAow ðAGEy:[hXIyt AYyOEyËnEy= eáB; [AyeOhyXnh QNyZh

Xkh:eOú[wXytXIy< SveW:eOhyXnh[Iy: [nvBkAyQNyZh¹nEyt eBiEy:eOhy

>[Iy: `XhËsOyXkh:Ënw[wXytyXIy< Pow]p]Iy `Fay[IyTOyeSe]h

]v]ZhFAyAsEy:PuXn [sOyeáXhAyeF¹woEye]h]p;9 SwÆhSy]wÓ TÓweGhEy

eT:¹woEy]páUFy]Iy< ]Ey]Iy fNyTIhËnEy]vo:Ti:Awo eOú[wXytXIy<

OZh:[Xy:e^hEy:]wÓ X[woAy¹nEyt< AYyOEyáBEy:ZXIyX oOy< OZh:

[Xy:e^hEy:Awo Fs¸y[øEy e[hA> GAyåTx:`]AyËnEyZSy¹nEyt Ph\Z

`]AyZËnwZSy ]Eyt¹n[vo:]h:PuXnh Xx:Aut]wÓe]h \wIhayZËnw[wXytXIy<

PwoWoZh:]Iy \Oy[voâU\OyGEy[kAy eAhEy:AEyêAYyXkh:Aut]Ów

eOhAyT]Iy< [p]h:Xkh:Awo eAhEy:AEy]wÓeBjeGhEyåTx: eËò`wXy

eOhyáTEyGEyeT:[wXytXIy< ]p=ShXAwo îAx:áXOye]h CÌoNh

eX³hËnEy^o eBjêA[wXytXIy< ]ÔAwoeFhEyteXøhyTi< eAk:Hp:æT?

[Fy[àXÌrTi¹nEyt<10

Voµ= ]sSy]EyBkAy¹nEyt BZFyeOhy= ]sSy]EyBkAyAwo ¹rwEy:Ynaye]hy e`hAy

Ti`OwoEy: SwCvo:BßTyZTi]Iy<

9 In Asian area, boats were often used as walkways or bridges across

rivers, hence the word “lead” instead of “carry.” 10

Tranditional Lao Poem.

= 27 =

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[Iy: G yAkEyáBEy:áUFy]Iy< [p]Iy `áTFyPuXnXwXwAwoYyAow XAYyOEy¹woEyeT<

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VoµA ‚AÉhîAx:]Iy ¹nFyeTiEy: 2500 `OsEy: eáXîAx:OoSy[rTy? TkAyFx:[wXyt

XIy<‛ ^o ]OweT:Ph:Ti]Iy< Ye¸e[hAOsEy @]wÓe]h`eáB`eSXkh: eOú

11

Tranditional Lao Poem. 12

Oral Tradition.

= 33 =

ZTi]Iy< BZFyeOhyeYÌrA Two? ËnEy:[Ey:Fsh eUjáTAh ]OweT:ButTi]Iy<

Xcu 24 > ‚@`ZhXkh:Awo eOúïAvZ]Iyt`Bi AÉhTkAyBkwSySx:ATy[hXIy<

AÉh]IyTkAyFx:[oSx:åTx< Xnh:YsEy:e]hWoZh:Xkh:eTjeTiAy[h? FFyXnSye]h

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XIy< AÉheáXOoSy[rTy? eOhEyXkh:äTwTkAy[wXytXIy< XOZh:XrXkh:; IÕEy:GuáBEy:;

[Ô`]Ay]OyáBEy:; XoSy:Ox:áBEy:; ]¨heUhAyáBEy:; [nIytFh:áBEy:; Xnh:YsEy:e]h

TeZhUAyæTáBEy:Xkh:eTj[h[wXytXIy< Pow`ZhXkh:]Iy YBo[Iy: áUFyTkAyeSêA

]Iy< `BýwXnh áUFyTkAyåTx:; `BýwXnh XáUFyTkAye]:eT< AÉhTkAyBiSx:OsEy @Aut]wÓ

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eYÌrA[Iy: @`eêAhEy:Xkh:Awo TeZhUAyæTBut]Iy< ]wÓe]hy Pwo`BkwSy`BiAwo

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]Iy AÉhe[hAAwo Xx:áUEytUkAyGx:[wXytXIy (VkhQwOy 20:9; BZFyYhSyAkXy:Fh

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`OsAy `eáUËnwZSy[wo`Ty]Iy<

B< eIhEyTEyîAx: ]vo:TEy=`ZwTye`hAy> e[hA[p]h:Xkh:FoÌov:êA[wXytXIy<

[pXkh:A PwoeIhEyTEyîAx: ]vo:TEyAwo FwOy\EyOFh: `RwÄiYy`Xkwl:Xkwl: UsEytGwo

êA]Iy<

(A) ¹woEyEveZ:]Xh:OFyax:A;

`oTyBßTyeZ:OZh:]vo:BoáUFye]h QxXwoAeZFx\iQ; GwoËnYy[Fy\iQ;

AsSyâX¹nFy\iQOwÓAwo Gwo[wo]Iy oáXEyTi]Iy<

(B) VoµWh]h\EyXkh:A;

eIhEyTEyîAx: ]vo:TEy= `ZwTy]Iy Voµ; ]sSy]EyBkAy¹nEyt WoSy:îAx:Xkh:

Aow ZIy«òSy:]Iy^o UsEytGowêA]Iy<

(C) OwoAyÌowAy`RwÄhYy;

= 34 =

]FyTEy]vo:TEy= `ZwTyGwo]IyXnh ]FyTEyFFy= `ZwTyAwo ZIy«òSy:[øEy

]wSy:]Sy:XAe]h [p]h:OwÓ]Iy Bwo[rvZSy X[voe[hAye]heêAhEyt

TkAyFx:áBEy:BvZ[wXytXIy<

(D) ]vo:Ti:OFyGpWoZh:;

A÷¹oyTySh:[Iy]IyXnh Voµ= FAh:]Iy ]vo:Ti:OFyGpOIy:áUFy e]h

BXIy:eOhyWoZh:; ]h:eOhyWoZh:¹nEyt ]¸yËnEy:e]h\wIhayeOhyWoZh:

Awo ZIy«òSy:ButáBEy:áUFy]Iy< [p]h:Xkh:`h:[vo:]Iy ]vo:Ti:OFyGp

WoZh:= `ZwTye`hAyOsEy FoÌov:êA[wXytXIy<

VoµA ‚[Ôe[hAAow AYyOEyZSyðAGEy:[hXIyt]pAwo eFhEytFh:ZSy Xw¸yXnhBut

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OFyGp WoZh:]BEy=eAk:Hp:OZh:`ZwTye`hAyOsEy Bwo[rvêAXIyáUFy]Iy<

C< WoZh:]BEy

@TeZhUAyæTBkAyáUEyt eCiOX]Iy WoZh:X oOyeêAhEy:¹nEyt eCiOXA

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áUFyTiA ‚]EyOwÓ]Iy EitXkAy¹nhAwo eOúZ[wXytXIy‛ o eáThButTi[wXytXIy< ]wÓe]hy

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eOúáXEyZSy BAyBue]h`Zh; ËnheUsZSy BAyBue]h`Zh; Sh:[IyZSy BAyBue]h

`Zh; [oTyeGhEyZSyBAyBue]h`ZhOwÓAwoeOúáXEy; ]wËnw; [oTyeGhEy¹woEy]páUFy]Iy<

Pwo]pOwÓ]Iy eAhEy:Bkx:Xkh:FshBvFh:ZêA=< VoµATeZhUAyæTZhOsEy eAhEy:áXOy

áBEy:¹nEyt áTIyt\e]h]p o GwoZh> Pow]pXkh:Awo ZIy«òSy:]Iy< Voµ=]sSy]EyBkAyAow

Sh:[Iy? ]p=]sSy]EyBkAyAwo `SAyUsEytGwo¹woEy]p]Iy eAhEy:áXOyáBEy:¹nEyt áTIyt\

= 35 =

e]h]páUFy]Iy< ]wÓe]hy VoµA ‚]EyOwÓ]Iy EitFAh:Aow Sh:[Iy[øEy Ei]Iy

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o GwoBut]Iy<

¹rOyATOyeOhy^o eBje\j]XoOyBvZe]h WoZh:]BEyAow ËnheUs? Awo:Fh:

e]h]pOowEy:]Iy Voµ= ]sSy]EyáBEy:Xkh:Awo Sh:[Iy]eWheTiAy[wXytXIy^o Yvo

êAIyTi]Iy< ¹rOyATOyeOhy]Iy BZFyeOhyeYÌrAow ZIy«òSy:eêAhEy: OXSy

eOhy ËnEyeYh^SyA @`eêAhEy:`ZhAow ËnEy:[Ey:Fsh eUhyáTBut]Iy<

ËnEyeYh^Sy 1:1-3 OsEy ‚`F`ax:> ¹rOyATOyeOhyËnw=< ¹rOyATOyeOhy

]Iy WoZh:]BEy¹nEyt `OpËnw=< ¹rOyATOyeOhy]Iy[Iy: WoZh:]BEyáUFyeOhyXp

=< Pwo¹rOyATOyeOhy]Iy `F`ax:> WoZh:]BEy¹nEyt `OpËnw=< Pwo¹rOyATOy

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ËnEyeYh^Sy 1:14 ‚¹rOyATOyeOhy]Iy[Iy: [ÔHhOw`áUFyAow BvYp?;

eAk:Hp:eOhy¹nEytgEy:; ]¨heOhy¹nEytgEy:áTIytFvo[øAy EiOwÓOsEyOIyeSeOhyXp]Iy

áUFy? BXIy:eOhy> OFyTi:OIy:e]h]h:eOhy= WoSy:Aut]wÓ ]p=WoSy:eOhyAow Ei

OwÓ]Iy áXEyZêAåTx<‛

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VoµTeZhUAyæTBut]Iyt`OwoEy:; BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy `A÷¹yoTyOwÓ= Wwo:; eW:;

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ËnwY áUFyeêAhEy:eáTh]SIy:‛ o eX:But]Iy (eYh^Sy 4:26)< Uw[wÄlAwo[Iy:

@]wÓTEyeX:But]Iy< BZFyeOhyA ‚]EyOwÓ]Iy EitAow]w[øEy BXIy:eOhyAwo X]wWu

XeSZêA; YBoXnF? BXIy:eOhyAwo ]wáXEyêA=‛ o Xw yeOhyXp=<

BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy eXËnwY`ËnEyWoZh:áUFy? eShEyOFyBkwSyOsEy e[hAAwo

= 36 =

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e]h]peK:([oAh 16:19-31); EYyËsYye]h]peK:([oAh 18:18-30); eU³lXEy:

¹nEytOwoEyTEyUAyXkh: (OXSyeOhy 25:26); SweAhQEy (ËnEyeYh^Sy 3:1-25) OwÓ

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BAyBueêAhEy:eUjáTPh:]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt BZFyeOhy]Iy Xcu 19:24 > ‚OUSy

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e]h AYyOEyáBEy:ZËnw[wXytXIy<

[p]h:`h:[vo:Awo WoZh:]BEy BkFye]heêAhEyt

`BsEyt`eZ:OFyBo eT:Ph:]Iy<

WoZh:]BEy]Iy GSyBkBkZhXnh A÷¹yoTyOwÓAwo áB ]wÓX^oOy GEyAut]wÓáUFyZSy eËò:

BkYy TwoEyBsEyteT:Ph:Ti]Iy< `RwÄhYyXnh eáUhEytXOye]h]p ]wÓX^oOy `áTFy]h:

áUFyZSy^o Gwo[wo]Iy<

`XnSyOZh:OFyBoXnh WoZh:]BEy]Iy [p]h:`h:[vo:Aow BkFye]heêAhEyt

]ÔAwo YvoêAIy[AyBvZSy `Xkwl:Xkwl:[oTyeGhEyButTi]Iy< ]Ówe]hy; WoZh:]BEy= UwOy

eBjXrAow A÷¹oyTyOÓw áEEy:TYy]IyXnh Ye¸OowEy áUFy]Iy< WoZh:]BEy]Iy TeZh

UAyXkh:Awo eF[sOy? eXËnwYðA[hXIyt`eêAhEy: eáTháTButTi]Iy< PÓweShAyXn

]h:eOhyAwoeF[sOy? A÷¹oyTyOwÓ¹nEyt`Op @e[hA> `]AyËnEyeFAh `WYy]wÓ

`]AyËnEyeSPwoEyZXIyt`eêAhEy: ]sSy]EyeFButTi]Iy< Pow]h:eOhy `e]BváBEy:

= 37 =

áUEyt `áTFy`h:[vo:Awo eG:eêAheT:ButTi]Iy< PwÓeShAy e]áBEy:X©wlXhSyAwo A÷¹oyTy

OwÓ `OsAye`hEyáXEyButeêAhEy:áT]ButTi]Iy< ]ÊhAkXy:Fh= eUjáTáBEy:`h: áUEyt

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íAw:Fh:? Fay:Fh:GEyáBEyêATiFwÓ< WoZh:]BEyAwo eAk:Hp:OEyTi< WoZh:]BEy= FwOy

]eWh]Iy [p]h:Xkh:¹nEyt XOpIxeT< BkFyáXuBkFyeS? ApIxeFhEyteËnhAy]Iy<

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AhAsYyeFhEyteËnhAy[ow]Iy<

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áXEyte]h]pXkh:Awo ZIy«òSy:Ti]Iy< GSyBiBkZhOsEy Gvo:Ìrvo:ZáBEy:`eêAhEy:ZEy:Xnh

`áBh:]pXkh:PAy ]h[sSyáXEytáXOy]Iy o \iðAh:e]heêAhEytáUFyTi]Iy< BkXy:

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SIy:[Xy:¹nEytG¸yAkEy]Iy< WoZh:]BEy=SIy:[Xy:]Iy ePhEy[òh:e]h]pAwo

¹nwXytBk?; ¹nwXytBke]h]pAwo Bkx:eáXhAyZSyáUFy]Iy (1 eT 5:6)< Xcu 23:12 ‚`êAEy

]p]Iy XwXwAwo Bkx:eáXÕhAy`vt; Pwo]p]Iy ¹nwXytBkáBEy:]Ów eZhAy[Ovt< `êAEy]p]Iy

XwXwAwo ¹nwXytBk vt; Pwo]p]Iy Bkx:eáXÕhAyáBEy:]Ów eZhAy[Ovt‛ ^o GowPh:]Iy<

WoZh:]BEy= `êAv`FIy¹nEyt [p=Sh:[Iy¹woEyFsXy:]Iy G¸yAkEy]Iy<

]ÊhAkXy:FhOsEy Xcu 16:25 > ‚`êAEy]p]Iy XwXw`]AyAwo AYyGYyáBEy:Enh

`[owËnw=< Pow]p]Iy `]AyÌrvo:[wXytXIy< `êAEy]p]Iy EiteêAhEyt `]AyÌrvp:=<

Pwo]p]Iy `]AyAow eOú[wXytXIy<‛

@`ZhAwo êAh:e]h`Bi ]EyXIy]wÓGEyáBEyXw]SIy:< `WYy]wÓe]h]p

áUFy[wo]SIy:< GSyBiBkZh> AkSyZFye]h áB[h:; Ak]sh:e]h GEyáUFyeSXnh[h:<

]Ey]Iy WoZh:]BEy GSyBiBke]h`Bi AkSyZFye]h]páUFy[woTi][h:< Ak]sh:

e]h]p áUFy[woTi][h:<

= 38 =

`BSy: (7)

AvOZh:13

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(e^áVu 9:27)

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? PowPXy:Two:Awo ËnhBwoEy:Ti< eOúËnwe]h`Bi ]EyOwÓ]Iy AYyOEyáBEy:Z[wXytXIy<14

[p]h:Xkh:Aow EZu]wÓ TÓweGhEye]h`Zh GYyTi:Ënw]Iy< PwoGYyTi:`

SAyOFyTi:Awo Bkwl:UkAyBut[øEy GYyTi:F[vo:Awo Bkwl:UkAyáBEy:TEyáUFy]Iy<

Voµ= FAh:`Z AvOZh:Xn [sOyeáXhAy? AYyOEyáBEy:ZZSy XwXw`eTj Awo:

Fh:áBEy:; eAhEy:e]h`[oTy ]wÓX^oOy OZh:[owAySháBEy:; Voµ`eTj `h:Awo:áBEy:;

]Ô`eTjXpOIyáBEy: XËnweêAhEy: ËnEy:[Ey:FsheUhyáTButTi]Iy< ]wÓZhOsEy áTcSh

¹nFyBoËnwTi]Iy<

1< [p]IyTIOyOZh:Xkh:Awo X[woAy¹woEyeT<

2< Voµ>AYyOEyáBEy:XËnwTi< ËnwBut[øEy `PAyTiaTXhAwoeáThButXIy X^oOyeT<

]vo:¹nFyêAh [òEyteXøhBute]h PXy:Tow:¹nEytTOy]Oy?; ]vo:ZAy]hêAhBute]hy

[Iy: [wTyA XkAyXáXEye]heêAhEyt áTSy[IyeOúËnwZSyXnh XáUFy¹woEyeOhteT<

Voµ]Iy; BÀhAwoYy¹nEyt TOy]Oy? `áTFy]vo:BoËnweêAhEy:; FAh:eáThGwoáBEy:¹nEyt

13

In both Buddhism and Hinduism, Karma refers to “the totality of a person’s actions, good or bad, in successive states of his existence, thought of as determining his fate in the next.” Webster’s New 20

th Century Dictionary.

14 Oral Tradition.

= 39 =

TOy]Ay? `áTFye[:Ti:ËnweêAhEy:; FwOy¹n[vo:]h:Pu> êAvFIyáBEy:¹nEyt TOy]Ay?

`áTFy]vo:Ti:Ënw eêAhEy:eáThButTi]Iy<

A) BÀhAwoYy`h:áUEyt[oTyeGhEye]h`áTFy]vo:BoXnh; [Ô`]Ay]OyáBEy:; Bow:

YpáBEy:¹nEyt [wEyeUhAyáTSyXrOwÓáUFy]Iy<

B) FAh:eáThGwoáBEy:= `áTFye[:Ti:Xnh; [wXyIháBEy:; XSh[ow`äEw:Ph:

e]hFAh:; SwXytAke]hFAh:; XAwo:Fh:`Tye]h FAh:OwÓáUFy]Iy<

C) FwOy`eOs:áUEytáTFyXnh:e]h `áTFy]vo:BoXnh; `Gvo:XuteQi]; `Xnh:Awo`XnSy

PEyáBEy:; e[hWOTyXAyáBEy:OwÓ áUFy]Iy<

AvOZh:= `Aßw:;

Voµ]Iy FTi: vo:eçX`eêAhEy: eZ:]h:Ph:e]h TvoáTEyAow Awo:Ah:? Xnh:

YsEy:e]h eOs:eBjXr aTXhOFyBoeT:ButTi]Iy< PowTvoáTEyOsEy `heGhEytX^hZOy

(Asok Maharath) WoZEy= BXIy:eOhy]Iy AsYy[sSy]Iyt`Bi FTi: ov:eçX

`áUFy]wÓ W\eáThEy:[uButeêAhEy: eáTháTPh:Ti]Iy<15

`heGhEytX^hZOyWoZEy= BXIy:eOhy`]AyËnEy]Iyt`Bi OZh:AkEyt

áBEy:; eT:AXy:áBEy:Xkh:æT? eAhEy:AEy[Xy:Awo ËnheUsBut]Iy< ]p]Iy Voµ=TIOy

OZh:Xkh:Awo [woAyShBut]Iy< ]p]Iy [AyeGhEyT¯hXkheT:áBEy:; WoSy:îAx:

Xkh:`h: APwSy]AzSy:Xkh:[qQiSy:áBEy: æTBut]Iy<

OFye¸OsEy; BXIy:eOhy]Iy WoSy:îAx:eAkhEy:]Ów áUOy[Xy:áUEyt]sh:BtuZh;

eAkhEy:OowAyîAx:Aow eOúËnwBtu]Iy< PoweAkhEy:OowAy SveW:> Ei:Xkh:eXs:Ph:e]h

ASyOFyBoAoweOúBtu]Iy< WoZEy]Iy Ei:Xkh:AwoUXy:?Ei:Tw[oTyFh:ZSy FwOyAp:But]Iy<

]Ówe]hy ]p]Iy VoµWh]h\EyOFyax:áUFy? FwOyAp:áUEyt]heOs:eOhAh `XnSyXnh

Pwo]wÓXæT[oTyButeT< VoµWh]h¹nEyt w»mWh]hOwÓA ]³\iOwÓ= `]AyAwo ]Oy

ZSy Oh:áXFy]Iy< PwoWoZEyXEy:]Iy woXEy:[h? `Sw¨eZhAyBut]Iy<

WoZEyXEy:]Iy SwÆhSyWovOvBi:eTiAy]wÓeZhAy]sh:e]h`Bi OvBi:eFhEytA

WoZEyXEy:= `æT`XpXkh:`OsAy eT:GTyZSy e[hA]wÓáTSy[sOyáBEy:BvZ]Iy< Pwo

WoZEyXEy:]Iy áTSy[IyeXs:Ush:áBEy:BvYp]Iyt`BiOsEy ^xX\ºheOh> FTi:`ov:eçX

`áUFy eXs:Ush:áBEy:BvYpButTi]Iy< PÓweêAhEyt WoZEy]Iy PoweçXXßw:=]Wh\ áUFy

]Iyt`OowEy: Ei:Xkh:¹nEyt `áBh:`]AyËnEye]h]³\iXkh:Awo UXy:Fh:Ah PoweOh>

AkEy[IyBut]Iy<

15

Issan Literature by Preecha Pinthong.

= 40 =

`heGhEytX^hZOy WoZEy]Iy BXIy:eOhy= eSZhOsEy SSy:OAy[he]h

`Bi TIOyOZh:Xkh:Awo OwOwAkAk [woAye[øhAyAh eT:AXy:XrXkh: æTe]h

eêAhEyt SwÆhSyWov]ÓweZhAy¹woEyBut]Iy< `heGhEytX^hZOy AsYy[sSy? SwÆhSyWov]Ów

eZhAye]h`Bi OvBi:eFhEytAwo ]p=BXIy:eOhy`eêAhEy: eX:áXSy:ButTi]Iy<

BXIy:eOhy]Iy `áTFy=`BAwo eT:GTyZSy e[hA]ÓwáTSy]sh:? eOhOsEy FTi:

`ov:eçX`áUFy `]AyËnEyeSeêAhEy:]wËnwBut]Iy< PoweOhOsEy ]³\iXkh:Awo UXy:

Fh:?eSeêAhEy: ]wËnwBtu]Iy<

OvBi:eFhEytA `heGhEytX^hZOy `h:eáTh]IyXnh ‚]Ey]Iy BXIy:eOhy

Aow eOú[wo[øEy eçX`áUFy]wÓ eáThEy:[uZXIy<‛

]h:eOhy `heGhEyt A[Iy: eçX`áUFy]wÓ eáThEy:[uAh eOhPuOsEy

BXIy:eOhyAwo Ënhe]h`Bi eçXîAx:OFyeAhEyAwo eOúBut]Iy< PoweçXîAx:]Iy

`heGhEyt Awo UXy:Fh:BkEy]Iy<

Pwo`Bi ]h:eOhyA BXIy:eOhyAwo ‚[Ôe[hA> [p`áUFy `]AyËnEyFay

OsEy Ei]Iy ]Ey=]h:áUFyBut]Iy‛ o eáThButTi]Iy<

eçXîAx:A áTSyeáTh]IyXnh ‚]Ey]Iy Eit]h:XnSy[øEy Ei=eAkhAoSy:eTj

OsEy eBiEy:Xn`åXx:OwoEy e[øhAyTi< eBkhyXAkBut[øEy Eit]h:XnSy=< ]wÓe]hy eBkhyAk

But[øEy AwoAyFh:XIy‛ o eáThBut]Iy<

]h:eOhyA[Iy: eBkhyXAke`hEy e[øhAy¹owEyBut]Iy< ]h:eOhyA BXIy:

eOhyAwo áTS yeX:]IyXnh ‚WheêAhEyt eçXáUFyZ]SIy:< BXIy:eOhy]Iy e[hA

> TIOyOZh:Xkh:Awo [woAye[øhAy? eT:AXy:áBEy:Xkh:Awo[Iy: `áXuæTBut]Iy

X oOye[h< Pow`Akwl:OZh:Xkh: XBvFh:ZTi][h:‛ o eX:But]Iy<

BXIy:eOhyA ]h:eOhyAwo ‚FwOy¹n[vo:Pu> êAvFIyáBEy:áUEyt TIOyOZh:Awo

Bkwl:UkAyButTi]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt eçX`áUFy]wÓW\eáThEy:? `áTFyeðA: GTyZ]Iy‛ o

eáThBut]Iy< ]h:eOhyeX:]IyXnh; `WYyAh[OowEye`hEy eT:GTyZXIySIy:<

BXIy:eOhyA ‚EiteAkhAoSy:> eêA:BsvXkh:Fsh Ënw]Aut]wÓ îAwXyUSy Xkh:Fsh

áTSy[Iy W\Ap:eáThEy:áBEy:áUEyt eT:GTyZXIy‛ o áTSyeáUButTi]Iy<

@TvoáTEy]Iy VoµWh]hOZh:`Z TIOyOZh:Xkh:Awo Bkwl:eUhAyBute]h

eêAhEyt `áTFy=`BeT:GTyZáBEy:Awo eUhyáTe]h TvoáTEyáUFyTi]Iy< `áTFyOZh:

]Iy AwoYyPw[AyeZhAy Aà:[sSyáBEy:`h:áUEyt]h `áTFyX^oOyeT< FwOy¹n[vo:Pu

> eOs:eOhêAvFIyáBEy:áUEyt áTFyXnh:áBEy:]Iy[Iy: `áTFyáUFy? `áTFy`OsAy QNy

eT:GTyZXIyáUFy]Iy<

@aTXh]Iy BZFyeOhyeYÌrA XcuBZFy\EyAkXy: 5:22 ¹nEyt 28 OsEy ]sSy

]EyBute]h [Ô`]Ay]OyáBEy:; [wEyeUhAyáTSyáBEy:`áTFyXkh:¹nEytOpIx]Iy< AwoYy

= 41 =

Pw[AyeZhAyAà:[sSyáBEy:XËnwe]hy[Iy: `áTFyæTZSy FwOy>êAvFIyáBEy:]Iy `áTFy

áUFy]Iy< êAvFIy]Xø]Iy [oTyeGhEyXr`h:[vo:= `FáUFye]heêAhEyt êAvFIy

áBEy:]Iy áTFyXnh:áBEy:TEyáUFy]Iy<

AvOZh:=`Aßw:¹nEytTOy]Oy? Voµ=]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:]Iy BZFyYhSy]Êh

AkXy:FhOsEy eUjáTe]h`ZhXkh:¹nEyt OpIxeêAhEy: eOúËnwZ]Iy<

VoµAkXy:CSy (TwJwAOy]vo:Tvo) BZFyYhSy]ÊhAkXy:Fh

Awo:AsYyZSy ÌoTyOoX[oTyZ<

PsAyeáXhAyZh 20:4-5 ‚`PAy XwoDy:eAhEy:AEy>gEy:;

e`hAy`ZTy eáXîAx:eTj>gEy:; eáXîAxe`hAy

eZPu>gEy: Ënwe]h`Zh¹nEyt Tvo]°hSyOpe`hEy;

ÌoTyOoGEy:OoAwo AwoYy`WwÓX[oTy¹nEyt< ax:XBk\OyXæT¹nEyt

`eêAhEy:XpAh:; ]Ey= WoZh:]BEy

EiPh\ZWoZh:]Iy; ]Ey> `áTFyËnw]Iy^o

Yvo[sYye]hWoZh:; EitAwo XoSy:e]h ]pOwÓ=

`Xkwl:`Fay`GAy; OOwY`GAy;

FOo²`GAyOwoEye`hEy; `WOwÓ=`áTFyAwo ]h:OwÓ>

GTyeT: FxZEye]hWoZh:‛ áUFyeêAhEy:<

`]AyËnEye]h]pAwo ËnhTi<

XhAo 16:6 ‚Pow]pA[Iy:; PwOy[¸yXwSy:eXháBEy:

XËnwêA¹nEyt< [Ay\i:Ah:OwoEyXnh ]Oye]h

ShHZAyèXw]h: eYÌrAwo ]EyOwÓËnhêA=< @`ZTy>XËnw<

`e[hEy:eOhyPh:Zh `ZTyAwo êAIytêAe[ht<‛

VkhQwOy 1:17-18 ‚Pow]pAowEiáXEye]h`Bi; e]XOOy

áUFy?eáBeOhyZEy:>[u[kAyeS=< Pow]p]Iy [Aykh

[AyeOhyAow Eit`eTj]ÓwOEy[kAy; eêAhAyËôváBEy:

XËnw¹nEyt; Ei]Iy `ax:Gov:e]h]p; eShAyGov:e]h]p

áUFy=< `]AyËnEye]h]p[Iy:áUFy=< Ei]Iy `ZEy

e]]IyáUFy?; AÉh`GAyGAy `]Ay¹nEyt

áTIytFov=< XZNh¹nEytXZNh¹owEyEvAow[Iy: Ei`Fow:Z=<‛

`áTFyXn AYyOEyáBEy:OZh:

[Xy:Awo ËnhTi< ]wÓX^oOy[øEy

TkAyFx:áBEy:]wÓ eZhAy[wXytXIy<

\wIhay¹nEyt ]ÊhOZh:áUEyt

Awo:AsYyTi< `]vo:X\Eye]h

`Zh\²l TpeHhyáBEy:áUEyt

XAwo:AsYyTi¹nEyt<

ËnEyeYh^Sy 4:24 ‚WoZh:]BEy]Iy Sv\wIhay

áUFyeOhyXp=< WoZh:]BEyAwo Awo:AsYye]h]pOwÓ]Iy

Sv\wIhay¹nEtygEy:; ]¨h¹nEytgEy: Awo:AsYyZXIy^o

Xw¸yeOhyXp=<‛

Xcu 6:33 ‚WoZh:]BEy= ¹woEyEveOhy¹nEyt eáUhEyXOyáBEy:

OZh:eOhyAwo eËn:ax:Fsh ËnhêAe[ht< eShAyXn

Pwo`ZhXkh:Awo PTy?eT:eOhyXp[ Ovt<

= 42 =

¹nFy 3000[sSyåTx:eShAy Voµ

Wh]hOZh: AsYyeTkhAy

BkwSyOsEy ÌoTyOo¹nEyt SOy\wIhayAow

TpeHhyáBEy: AsYyeáThAyXIy<

AÉh]Iy Xx:Aut]ÓwTpe[hEy?

e[hEyA÷Xy:]sh:[wXytXIy<

2 eT; 3:10 ‚`]AyAwo eXúe[khyeF?; eAhEy:XsSye]h

e¸ZAyOwÓAwo eOúáXEyáBEy:Eni; `[woËnwe]h]p]Iy

XwXw[øhAwo XeAhEy:e]h`Zh¹nEyt AEy:eF<

XwXw¹rOyBXy:[Iy: Xo]hFAh:Awo XeáTheF¹nEyt<‛

`áTFyXn AYyOEyáBEy:

áV ‰h¹nEyt VoµWh]hOZh:`Z [p]h:Xkh:]Iy eXs:Ush:[håTx:eShAy

AvOZh:=`Aßw:¹nEytGowEye]h eAhEy:Xr¹nEytåEwXy:BkXy:áBEy:Aow ZËnwZSy`BsEyt`eZ: XËnw

eêAhEy: eUjáTPh:]Iy< áV^‰hOZh:A @W\]Iy `GEytGEytËnweêAhEy: ]sSy

]EyBtuTi]Iy<

TPX`GEyt

@`GEytOsEy SOyWoZh:]vo:Ti:¹nEyt ]pOwÓ=XwUoZh:Xkh:áUFye]h \xËny¹rw (Vishnu)

]Iy AhAsYyeT:e]h SOyWoZh:; Gx\i (Siva) ]Iy UkAyGx:e]hSOyWoZh:;

UsXy]Iy (Phom) USyGEy:e]hSOyWoZh:áUFy]Iy< @SOyWoZh:Xkh:]Iy áV ‰h

áUFy]Iy< ]pOwÓ= ShX `F FAh:[ov:Xkh:Aow FoZhXn `sXy (Ohm) áUFy[h]Iy<

eËn:[pîAx:Xkh:¹nEyt SOyGZhXkh:]Iy PowFAh:[vo:Aow `]ov:æTAh `FæT? eáThGow

[øAyËnwêA]Iy< Pow`Zh]Iy WoZh:]vo:Ti:AwoZIy«òSy:]Iy< áV ‰h]Iy @

WoZh:Xkh:Awo [pOwoEy:eOhEytOeSe]h W\=`áXEytGvo:OsEyOIyËnwe]h áV ‰h

WoZh:Xkh: o YvoêAIyTi]Iy<

QoOwY`GEyt

áV ‰h=`áXEy`Z @`GEytOsEy [pOFyTwoEy:; eAhEy:AEyOXSyOFyTwoEy:;

eAhEy:e]h\wIhay¹nEyt \wIhayGwo:Xkh:; eAhEy:e]hWoZh:Xkh:¹nEyt SOyGwo:Xkh:

Ti\Ey]Iy< @`GEyt]Iy `[Yy`GEytáUFy]Iy<

OOwY`GEyt

@`GEyt]Iy `SwXytGvo:`GEytáUFyåTx: eAkhAyeGhEyXkh:; eOhEyXkh:; áXAy

TEyXkh:; ]FyTEyXkh:; OwZw§hSyXkh:¹nEyt [p]h:Xkh:Ti\Ey]Iy<

= 43 =

[pOwoEy:]Iy `áXEtyGvo:`GEyt]ÓweZhAy[woêA]Iy< ]wÓe]hy]pOÓw= [oTy

eGhEyXrXkh:A `SwXytGvo:`GEyt]wÓ TwÓeGhEy[øAyËnwAh; ]pOwÓXnh:YsEy:Bute]h`Zh

Xkh:`OsAy eT:GTyZXIy< PwÓeêAhEyt \Xy:SIy:áBEy:Xn [sOyeáXhAyAh eAhEy:

áXOyáBEy:¹nEyt eTkhyËòEyáBEy:]wÓeZhAyËnwZSy XáUFy¹owEyeBk< Pow`Zh]Iy VoµWh]h¹nEyt

^w»mWh]h`OsAyGow[øEy `wTyXAy]h[øEyáUFyTi]Iy<

PÓweêAhEyt; PowWh]hOZh:¹nFyBoOsEy eShEyOFyBkwSy> e[hAAwo AYyOEyZSy

AYyOEyËnEyOFyTi:ðA[hXIyGwo]Iyt TeZhUAyæTBkAyXkh:eOúZ]Iy< VoµA ‚Pow

]p]Iy ]eWzhîAx:áUFy[wXytXIy ]wÓX^oOy `A÷OyOZh:eT:? eËò wXyeOhyGx]wÓ

TwÓeGhEy[wXytXIy‛ ^o TeZhUAyæTBut]Iy<

áV ‰hA Pwo]p]Iy TwSyTwSyTi:Ti:[peBkhOFyeYhAyáUFy[wXytXIy< ]p=`XIy

Awo BSyBx (Khanki)16 ^o XnIyteBj[wXytXIy^o TeZhUAyæTBut]Iy< Pwo]p]Iy `áTFy

Ënwe]h]pXkh:Awo OZh:FxZEyZSy Ri:OFy[AyAwoEyeGhEyPh:]Iy< @AÉh TkAy

]Iyt`Bi `]Fye]hAÉhAwo FOEy[wXytXIy<

A÷¹oyTy]Iy e]áBEy:; W\Ap:eáThEy:áBEy:Fe]h eXøhy[EytáBEy:XuteS]Iyt W\

]v]ZhFAyAsEy:Xn [sOyeáXhAyZh[Xy:eOúËnwBute]heêAhEyt `[sSyeAkSTy\Xy:

eáXhAyXwTi]Iy< Pow[Xy:]Iy; `áTFy]h:Xkh:AowAYyOEyZSy; eAhEy:AEyXn GEy:

]AyBtue]heYÌrBZFy eXËnwY áUFy]Iy< BZFyeOhy]Iy [voæBve]h Ei=eËò`wXy

eOhy áUFy]Iy< A÷¹oyTye]Gvo:BkwSyOsEy eAhEy:AEy]wÓ TwÓeGhEy[wXytXIy<

“TIhËnwe]h]p [woAyZh`]Ay[Xy:]Iy e`hAy`ZTy; XZNh¹woEyEvXn [òueËnhEy?;

`PAy]wÓ TwÓeGhEyOOy=<” (]o³vAkXy: 15:24)

16

Comparison of Religions, page 504 (Thai Edition).

= 44 =

`BSy: (8)

Voµ=]sSy]EyáBEy:]Iy `WYy]wÓ eXn:XnwSy[wXytXIySIy:<

“]Êh]OwËnwe]h]p]Iy `XrAwo eáXhyXEy? ToSy:eSOOy=<

fNyOwXye]h]pXpAh: `Fay`OwoEy:]sh:? `Xr¹nEty eOúOOy=<”

Voµ= ]sSy]EyBkAy eXn:XnwSyáBEy:<

Voµ]Iy X^hBiGhUheQZh (Maha Kassapathera) Aow ]sSy]Eye]h`Bi

‚êAIytTi; Ei=]sSy]EyBkAyOwÓ]Iy OFy¹nFyåTx:OFy¹nFy; ]OwXXpFh:]vo:AoSye]h

`Fh:`FhAut]Ów OFFx eXn:XwnSy[wXytXIy<‛ VoµAkXy:CSy `SyOhBiPSy-BwoPhZSy

SxBwoEy (Anthakathaang-Khutaranikay), `TwoEy: (1); FhXkAy¹nh 41 OsEy TkAyFx:

áBEy:OZh: Ei:Ti:Awo eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy<17

1< VoµOZh:Awo [woAye[øhAye]h]pXkh: `h:SIy:áBEy:<

2< AkEytêAvXr eXn:XnwSyáBEy:<

3< áTIytFvoáBEy:¹nEyt`Akwl: eXn:XnwSyyáBEy:<

4< [p= ] yËnEy:Xr eXn:XnwSyyáBEy:<

5< Voµ= [£NhXkh: eXn:XnwSyyáBEy:<

VoµA EZuËnFyPTyËnweêAhEy:; AkEyt\OyGYyTi:Awo X[woAyShe]h]pXkh:]Iy

PwoEZuPu]wÓ AkeZhAy[wXytXIy^o e^hBut]Iy< PowEZuËnFyPTyOsEy Tpe¹s:e]h;

Tpe[hEye]h; e`:Bue]h ^p? `GEytGEytËnweêAhEy: e^hBut]Iy<

XwXw\Xy:Fh`OsAy EitAwo eZhEy:Fh:XIyt VoµWh]h\Ey e[:Xßw:;

Voµ=]sSy]EyBkAyOFyBoOsEyeShAyGvo:BkwSyOsEy ‚WoSy:îAx:; ]x[ËnEy; QAhîAx:;

17

This portion was taken from a book in the temple Phra Sing in Chiangmai with the permission of Phra Srivisouthivong, who lives in Bangkok. He certified that this book is correct according to the old manuscript of the chief of the village, 29

th edition, examined on October 12, in the year of 2497 of

the Buddhist calendar.

= 45 =

QAhXOwÓ]Iy ]pOwÓ`]AyËnEyeZ:`OsAy EitAwo eZhEy:Fh:[wXytXIy‛18

o e^hBut

]Iy< VoµÌoTyTsh:eOhyXkh:AwoeFk:AsAyOsEyOEy? eZhEy:Fh:Ah `eShAy¹woEyEvPw

TEyeZhAyËnw]sh:eêAhEy:`h:[vo:`]wáUFy]Iy< WSyeAhAyèXwOsEyËnwe]h `xXZh[y

WoSyîAx:eAkhEy:`Sx:Ënw QieOhEyWoSy:îAx:eAkhEy:]Iy VoµÌoTyTsh:eOhyXkh: eZhEy:

\Yye]heSZháUFy]Iy< ]Ey¹nFy]Ay]Iyt`ZhAwo \YyYp¹woEy]Iy< `BßÖwe]h

WoSy:îAx:Xkh:]Iy ]pOÓw=ÌoTyOoXkh:AwoTEy eZhEy:ZSy`OsAyPsEy:Poe[tËnwêA]Iy<

Voµe^heáThBut]Iyt`OwoEy: VoµOZh:FFyFFyXnh eXn:XnwSyBtue[åTx< Voµ`Oo¹nEty

VoµRe[tPvo:Fv]h AkSyZFyTi]Iy< VoµOZh:Aow eFteFtFTyFTy e[t[he]h]p]Iy

`XnSyOZh:Aow ]wËnwSh:[IyAh; @`ZhXkh: `XnSyTEy áUFyáTAyBtueêAhEy:¹nEyt

áUFyTkAyeSGu áUFyeêAhEy: eOúËnw[wXytXIy<

1990 Bo¹nFyOsEy PwoEy:¹woEyEv]wÓ]sh:eZhAy[IyTOyFay; e[h[pXßw:]pEYyBkEy:

OFyax:¹nEyt VoµWh]hOZh:¹nEyt ]AyGowEye]hFh`oTyXkh:PuXn OFy`oTyAwo \YyYpBut

åTx: PoweFk:OSy:> [nIyt[IyêAIytÌrButêA]Iy<

OFyeSZhOsEy eFk:]Iy`Xkwl:]Xx:OFyax:A e`hyîAx:^FyAkYy eêAáEh?

WoZh:ÌoTyTsh:eOhyXkh: eZhEy:eS]IyAwo eOúBut]Iy< Pwo`Xßw:]Xx:Pv]sh:? @]wÓ

eX:áXSy:ButêATi]Iy<

‚`eQjîAx: QxVoµÌoTyOoA WYy[woeAhEy:Oh[u<‛

`eQjîAx:A ‚ wo: OAYyAwo eAhEy:TiOYy< QxÌoTyOoAwo eGhEyPh:ZEy

[woOZeFTiOYy‛

A÷¹oyTyA áTSyOFyBi PTy? ‚OAYyeAhEy:][h: `eQjîAx:‛ o eX:

[woAyTi]Iy<

Pwo`Bi `eQjîAx:A `]vAkYyAkYyáUEyt ‚OAYyeAhEy:TiOYy GZh;

XYvo[øEy FXy:êAIytTi‛ o eáTh? XZXA \YyBwoEy:Ti]Iy<

PwÓeêAhEyt A÷¹yoTyA; ‚QiGwo ÌoTyOoAwo BNFXy:AwoEyTiZeF‛ o BsEyteOhEy:åTx:

`]vAkYyAkYyáUEyt ‚@ÌoTyOo]Iy GwoEyËnEyeáTh]Iyt`OwoEy: `XnSyTEy [woOZeF

[øEy @ÌoTyOoAwo `BXutZ[woTi=‛ o GoeOhEy:[woAy]Iy<

Pow`Bi GwoEyËnEy`Xßw:]Xx:A ‚`ow X oOyTiWp:; `[Ah:eOht XZ¹woEyTiWp:;

WOy 400 OSyTiOYy‛ o áTSyeáThTi]Iy< ]ÔAow PowÌoTyOoáTSyeT:Ah; ‚`BXut

XZZEy QxÌoTyOoA OSyBwo:XËnwWp:‛ ^o áTSyeáThButTi]Iy< VoµATeZhUAyæT]Iyt

`OwoEy: VoµAow Xnh:YsEy:Fsh; `]AyeXs:\Xy:eAkhEy:`OsAy VoµÌoTyTsh:eOhyXkh:Awo

Po[oTyeZhEy:Bke[tËnwêA]Iy<

18

Ibid.

= 46 =

ÌoTyTsi:eOhyXkh:]Iy XTkAyFx:¹owEye]h`ZhXkh: X oOyeT< eFk:]Iy=FAh:

eêAhEyt eAhEy:e]h`ZhAut]wÓ PEyXnOyZáBEy:]háUFy]Iy<

@Aut]ÓweáThGwoáBEy:eêAhEyt ÌoTyOoXkh:Awo ¹nFy]Aye]h]pXkh:]Iy A÷¹oyTyAow

XoSy:Ox:êAXIyáUFy]Iy< ]Ówe]hy; Pwow`ZhAwo YvoêAIye[:Fh:]pXkh: ]OwæT

¹rw:êAh:eFZSy eáThZáBEy:áUFy]Iy< ÌoTyTsh:eOhyXkh:Aow `]ov:XæTe]h]pXkh:

`OsAy[Iy: ]OwæTZSy `eZ:îAx:[neT]Iy< OSyBow:]Iy PowÌoTyTsh:eOhyXkh:>

Ënw]Iy X oOyeT< Pow`ZhXkh:Aow Po?eZhEy:e]h]pXkh:= ¹rOyFAh:>]h Ënw

]Iy< PowFAh:Xkh:Aow `XnSyPEyAh YováBEy:`h:áUEy ÌoTyTsh:eOhyXkh:OSyBow:Ënw]Iy

^o PEyZáBEy:]h[øEyáUFy]Iy<

PowÌoTyOoXkh:]Iy `Akwl:XËnweêAhEy:; XeAhEy:eêAhEy: TsEytTsEyt[Ey:[Ey: eáTh

e]hy[Iy: [pXkh:]Iy ]h[sSye]hOSyBwo:Awo OTyXAyêAe]heêAhEyt Sh:X\Ey

êAeT<

ÌoTyOoeZhEy:]pXkh:A ÌoTyOo`]vo:æT]pXkh: [woAyShZSy FIy:AXy:]vo:BoAwo

`îAwXyîAwXy `BiBieáThTi]Iy< PwoFIy:AXy:Awo [woAyShXn]h `Akwl:Ënw[wXytXIy o

[Iy:eáThTi]Iy< PwoFIy:AXy:]vo:BoXnh

1< FXy:êAIytáBEy: XæTZ<

2< ÌrTyBkáBEy: XæTZ<

3< Oh:áXFye]h eSZh]wÓ YpeGhEyáBEy: XæTZ< aTXh; wXy]h; `\Oy

[nXy:íAw:e`hAy; `wXye`hAy<

@FIy:AXy:BkAyXkh:A ÌoTyOoXeAhEy:eêAhEy:Awo ËnEy:[Ey:FsheUhyáTeSTi

]Iy< `XnSyOAYy OSyBwo:XËnwe]hy[Iy: \YyYpêA]Iy< PwoFIy:AXy:BkAyXkh:

`Z gEy:]Iy [voæBvXrXËnweêAhEy:; `XnSyOAYy OSyBwo:XËnweêAhEy: ]wËnw¹woEyTi]Iy<

`AYy? eFk:]IyXkh:A ‚PwoÌoTyOoXkh:A OSyBwo:XËnwTi; XeAhEy:Ti‛ o eáTh

e]hy[Iy: A÷¹oyTyOwÓ]Iy ¹nFyeTiEy:Xkh:Fsh Awo:AsYyButêAe]heêAhEyt; OTyXAy

FwOyËnwêAe]heêAhEyt; ]h[sSye]hOSyBwo:AwoZ[woe]heêAhEyt; `]AyeW:

`ºhZhYyXn [sOyeáXhAy[owe]heêAhEyt gEy:Awo YvoêAIyêA]Iy<

“Ph\ZWoZh:Awo eêAhAyËôve]h]eWh]Iy `]Ay OhAwo ËnIyeFOOy=<”

]o³vAkXy: 10:27

= 47 =

`BSy: (9)

eXËnwY= ¹owEyEveOhy

WoZh:]BEy= ¹woEyEveOhy]Iy OwoEy:áTIyOFyáTIy ]wÓX^oOy OwoAyîAx:OFyOwoAy Aut]wÓX^oOyWu; `A¸y`]OyXËnw<

`[s¸y`[sSy îAx:Xh:AkYyáT¸y[nTi]Iy< WoZh:]BEy> [pXkwl:; ¹woEyEv; `GEyt OSy:BsuáBh:Ph:áBEy: XËnweT<

“`]FyOFyUSyeXs:Ush:áBEy: XBve]h]p]Iy WoZh:]BEy= ¹woEyEveOhyAwo XeOúáXEy ¹woEyeT<

\wIhayeOhy> ¹nFyáBEy:XCz[hBvYpe]h]p]h[øEy WoZh:]BEy= ¹woEyEv eOhyAwo \EyFh:¹woEy]Iy<”

(ËnEyeYh^Sy 3:3-5)

e[h[pXßw:Xkh:= TvoáTEyXn eXËnwY= ¹woEyEveOhy

‚eXZnwY eXs:Ush:[he]h`Bi ¹woEyEveOhy]IyîAx:Tsh:? `FheZFh eTi

Xkh:[wXytXIy< `[Ey:eOhAyT[wXytXIy< [Xy:BZx:Xkh:eBkheXú[wXytXIy< Ph\

ZOIyËnw[wXytXIy< GEy:Zu; BkXy:]háBEy:XËnwWu `OpOpTEy BkXy:]hêA[wXytXIy<

@¹woEyEveOhy]Iy AÉhîAx:XGvo:XnxOowEye`hEy eTkhAyAsYy]sh:[wXytXIy X^oOy

eT< Pwo`BkwSyOsEy [pXkh:]Iy WoZh:]vo:Ti:¹nEyt eAhEy:AEyWvo; SwÆhSyWvoAwo Ënh

eUsêA[wXytXIy<‛19 AÉheTjOsEy XIy]Iyt eSZhOsEy eSPwoEyêA]IyáUFyeF;

XIy]wÓe]h[pXkh:TEyáUFyêATieF; BZFyeOhyeYÌrAow YvoêAIy? XwXw`]AyOh>

\EyBsEytæT[øEy `]Fye]h `]AyOh¹nEyt `]Fye]h¹woEyEveOhyáUFy[h[wXytXIy<

FwoAyTßw:e]h`ZhXkh:¹nEyt Oow:OAyeZ:[oTyESy:Xkh:OÓwAow WoZh:]BEyeAhEy:Bkx:

eT:? ðAYy\BkXy:]hAh Owo:OAye]h¹woEyEváUFy[wXytXIy< @]wÓáUFyZáBEy:Xnh

WoZh:]BEyAwo XwXw`]AyOh>e]hy[Iy:eAhEy:; ¹owEyEveOhy`h:áUEyte]hy

[Iy:eAhEy:; [AyBv YovêAIyêAe]heêAhEytáUFy]Iy<

WoZh:]BEyAow X]we]h W\`]Ay]h]Iy TkAyFx:[wXytXIy< eáXîAx:]Iy

eáBhAye]úAh EOyXsOyáBEy:eW:QNy¹nEyt GEy:ZuáBEy:]Ów eZhAy[wXytXIy< @]Ów áUFy

19

The prophecy of the legend about Messiah and His land was taken from the memory of Kam May Thammavongsa, a former monk. He decided to believe in God by accepting Jesus Christ as his Savior after he finished his study. He assured me that this Jesus Christ is Messiah that Buddha said would come after his time.

= 48 =

ZáBEy:]Iy WoZh:]BEyA eAhEy:Bkx:XCz[hAwo áTSy[IyÌoTy]wXy:]sh:e]heêAhEyt

áUFy]Iy< A÷¹yoTyOwÓ]Iy @`eêAhEy:`ZhAwo ]we]heêAhEyt AÉheáXîAx:]Iy

eAhEy:Bkx:XCz[h¹nEyt ðAYy\? åEwXy:BkXy:e]h ¹woEyEveOhyáUFyZSy eXøhy[EytZ]Iy<

AÉheTj> åEwXy:BkXy:áBEy:¹nEyt ðAYy\BkXy:]háBEy:áTIyt\eFZSyXnh eXËnwY`ËnEy

BZFyeOhyeYÌrWoZh:Awo [AyBváBEy:; áEEy:TYyáBEy:`eTjOsEy XpOIy]Iy< BZFy

eOhyAwo A÷¹oyTyOÓw áEEy:TYy[øEy ]ÊhAkXy:Fh> XnOyOXy:OEyBute]h Cà:[pXßw:Xkh:

Aut]Ów áUFyêA[wXytXIy<

WoZh:]BEy= ¹owEyEveOhy SYySwXwOy

WoZh:]BEy= ¹woEyEveOhy]Iy [Ôe[hA¹woEyEvXkh:Aut]wÓ SYySwXwOy A¸y]Oy

Ph:áBEy:XËnwWu; `[sSyTEyîAx:Xh:AkYyáT ye]h ¹woEyEveOhyáUFy]Iy< XIy]p

áUFyeF; XIy]IytAh[>áUFyeF; XIy]IyteSZh>áUFyeF BZFyeOhyAwo ¹n[vo:]h:Pu

Xn YvoêAIy[AyBve]h]p]Iy BZFyeOhy=[p áUFyBsEytZ? WoZh:]BEy= ¹woEyEveOhy

OsEy Ph\ZFwo:FvZ[wXytXIy< WoZh:]BEy= ¹owEyEveOhy> eSBsEytZe]h]p]Iy @

e[hAOsEyáUFyeF; [hXIytAÉhOsEyáUFyeF eXøhy[EytáBEy:ËnwTi]Iy< PÓweêAhEyt

BZFyeOhyA ‚¹woEyEveOhy¹nEyteáUhEytXOyáBEy:‛ Awo ax:FshËnheUsZSy ]OweT:Ph:Ti

]Iy< eAhEy:AEy¹woEyEveOhyAwo Ënh? \Eye]h]pOwoEy:Awo WoZh:]BEy]Iy AOw

Ph:eOhyXp]Iy`OwoEy: eAhEy:Bkx:eT:]Sh:[wXytXIy< (Xcu 6:33)< BZFyeOhy

]Iy; ËnEyeYh^Sy 3:5-7 OsEy ]Ô`h:[AyBvYvoêAIy? `]FyOUSy eXs:Ush:áBEy:

Bve]h]p]h[øEy eAhEy:AEy¹woEyEveOhy]wÓ \EyFh:Z[wXytXIy^o eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy<

“eáUhEytXOye]h]pOwÓ]Iy áTIyeOhy>eS?;

Fvo[Eye]h]pOwÓ]Iy eSZhAkêA[wXytXIy<

`RÊ[pOwÓXpAh:; áTIyeOhyXn TYyËnEy:áBEy:;

[sSyAà:e]h]pOwÓ]Iy ¹rOyTFyáBEy:Awo

BvZêA[wXytXIy<”

]o³vAkXy: 2:21-22<

= 49 =

`BSy: (10)

]Ey]Iy sWYy[Xy:e[øhAyeSTi]SIy:<

eAhEy:AEy[Xy:]Iy ÌrTyePs: Akay:eáXhEy:]Iy< ]wÓe]hy EZu[Xy:]Iy eBkheXú]Iy<

e[h[pXßw:Xkh:= FAh:Tvo<

“eYÌrA Ei]Iy [Xy:BZx:áUFy=< ]ÊhOZh:[Iy: áUFy=< `]Ay[Iy:áUFy=<

EitAwo XnxXæT[øEy `WYy]pXø BXIy:eOhyPv]wÓXeZhAyZ<”

ËnEyeYh^Sy 14:6<

e[hAOsEy [p]h:`h:[vo:`OsAy [Xy:¹nFy]sYy]hËnw]Iy<

]Ey]Iy `WYy[Xy:e[øhAyeSTi]SIy:<

Pow[Xy:¹nFy]sYyXnh; eAhEy:e]h[Xy:¹nEyt Gwo:e]h[Xy:OwÓáUFy]Iy< eAhEy:

e]h[Xy:]Iy WoZh:]BEy=[Xy:áUFy]Iy< Gwo:e]h[Xy:]Iy FhOSy=[Xy:

áUFy]Iy< @[Xy:¹nFy]sYy= `Gvo:XnhXp XOpIxeT< WoZh:]BEy= eAhEy:e]h

[Xy:]Iy [p]h:Xkh:`h: eAhEy:AEy¹woEyEv]wÓ TwÓeGhEy]Iy< Gwo:e]h[Xy:]Iy

EZu]wÓ TwÓeGhEy]Iy< @[Xy:¹nFy]sYy`eêAhEy:Awo VoµWh]h¹nEty BZFyYhSyWh

]hOwÓOsEy ËnEy:áTPh:Ti]Iy<

Voµ= FAh:eOhy<

VoµWh]hOZh:OsEy

“eAhEy:e]h`ZhAwo [oTyTi; eAhEy:e]h`ZhAwo ZËnw[wXytXIy<

Gwo:e]h`ZhAwo [oTyTi; Gwo:e]h`ZhAwo [AyBvZËnw[wXytXIy<

eËò:BkYyZSyXnhXp ]Ey`eTj XpOIy]Iy<”

e[h[pXßw:Xkh:¹nEtyeYWoYkVoµWh]h\EyOwÓ]Iy @]sSy]EyBkAyOÓwAwo AkAy

XnOyêA]Iy< A÷¹oyTyBZFyYhSyOFyax:áUFy[he]h`Bi @]sSy]EyBkAy= `RwÄhYy

Awo e[:e[:SAySAySh:[IyButTi]Iy< Voµ]Iy[pOwÓAwo eAhEy:e]h]pXkh:áUFy

[hZSy]sSy]Ey]Iy< ]Ey[oTyeGhEy]Xø ]EyáTSy[Iy BvFh:Z[wXytXIy^o Sh:

[IyButZTi]Iy<

= 50 =

`RwA]sSy]EyBkAyXnh e[hA> [Xy:¹nFy]sYyËnweêAhEy:áUFy]Iy< @[Xy:

¹nFy]sYyXnh e[hA[p]h:Xkh: çBEy:BkAyXËnw [woAye[øhAyêAe]h [Xy:¹nFy]sYy

áUFy]Iy< [p]h:Xkh:]Iy OFy[Xy:X^oOy OFy[Xy:> e[øhAyZXIy< XIy]Iyt

[Xy:Xn Xe[øhAyBkEy^o áEEy:TYy?XZTi< ]Ówe]hy; XIy]pXGwo XwXwe[øhAy[woe]h

[Xy:Awo [sOy[TyFsh eËò:BkYyTowEyBsEytËnw]Iy< `RÛXOowAyOsSy:áBEy:; `áBh:]p`Fh:

e[øhAyáBEy:XËnwWu; XwXw]eWh`Z e[øhAy¹owEy]Iy<

XIy]Iyt[Xy:OsEye[øhAyTieF; eShAyGvo:OsEy WoZh:]BEy= `Gvo:`áUOy

Aow BvZXIy< [p`h:áUEyt Gvo:áUOyZSy X oOyeT< ]Ówe]hy [pOwoEy:> eËò:BkYyTwoEyBsEyt

Ënw]Iy< ]EyeËò:BkYye]h[Xy:]Iy eAhEy:AEy ]ÓwX oOy[øEy EZuáUFyXIyXnh

e]Bkh]Iy< A÷¹yoTyOwÓ]Iy W\`OsAy XnSyASye]h[Xy:Awo eËò:BkYyZSy `eZ:

îAx:]Iy< `WYyteêAhEytGwoe]hy A÷¹oyTyOwÓ= W\]Iy PwoeËò:BkYyXr`eTjOsEy Xp

OIyTi]Iy<

‚eAhEy:e]h`ZhAwo [oTyTi; eAhEy:e]h`ZhAwo ZËnwXIy< Gwo:e]h`Zh

Awo[oTyTi; Gwo:e]h`ZhAwoZËnwXIy<‛ ^pe]h Voµ=]sSy]EyBkAyXnh XnSyASyTi]Iy<

Voµ]Iy [p]h:Xkh:`h: eXøhy[EytáBEy: AEy:Xute]hW\Awo XeËò:BkYyXweFZSy; ]Ow

XXpWu `Xnh:XæTXweFZSy; `hÌovFwoAy?]OwæTZSy ]OweT:ButTi]Iy< Voµ]Iy A÷¹oyTy

OwÓW\`]AyOh> [Xy:¹nFy]sYyËnwZhXn XnSyASye]h[Xy:Awo eËò:BkYyZSy; [woAy

e[øhAyZSy OowAyOsSy:But]Iy<

]ÊhAkXy:FheOhy

BZFyYhSyAkXy:Fh>[Iy: [p]h:`h:[vo: [woAye[øhAyZSy [Xy:¹nFy]sYy

ËnweêAhEy: eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy< A÷¹yoTyOwÓ]Iy @[Xy:¹nFy]sYyXn OFy[Xy:Awo eËò:

BkYyZXIy< AÉhax:AkXy: 2:15-17 OsEy @[Xy:¹nFy]sYyAwo eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy<

TPX[Xy:Xnh WoZh:]BEyA [woAye[øhAyZSy TIOyPh:e]h[Xy:áUFy]Iy<

QoOwY[Xy:Xnh Oh:áXFyPh:e]h[Xy:áUFy]Iy< @[Xy:¹nFy]sYy= `Gvo:> [woAy

e[øhAyZáBEy:= `Aßw:Awo BvFh:Z[wXytXIy<

AÉhax:AkXy: 3:1-7 > [p]Iy WoZh:]BEyBsEytæTe]h[Xy:Awo eËò:BkYyXIyt

`Fh: Oh:áXFyPh:e]h[Xy:AwoeËò:BkYyButeêAhEy:eOúZ]Iy< A÷¹oyTyOwÓ]Iy GAy

[Ay? FhOSy=[Xy:AwoeËò:BkYyeSêA]Iy< PÓweêAhEyt BÀhAwoYy¹nEyt \wIhay]Iy

`áTFyPu]ÓwAkeZhAy? Qo£áTcSh¹nEyt e]áBEy:> `FayAkeZhAyeSButêA]Iy<

@Aut]wÓáUFyeSFayOsEy; WoZh:]BEy]Iy [p]h:Xkh:Awo [kFy[àXÌrWu A÷¹oyTy

OwÓ`h: ]ÔPváTSy[hZSy [Xy:OFyBoáTEyGEyeT:ButTi]Iy< Pow[Xy:]Iy BZFyeOhy

= 51 =

eYÌrTEyáUFyTi]Iy< WoZh:]BEy]Iy [p`BýwAwo eËò:BkYy? ]Êh]FyAkXy:Awo eZ:

BwoEy:But]Iy< PowAkXy:FhOsEy BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy [Xy:BZx:áUFyeêAhEy: eUhyáTPh:

Ti]Iy<

‚eYÌrA Ei]Iy [Xy:BZx:áUFy=< ]ÊhOZh:[Iy:áUFy=< `]Ay[Iy: áUFy

=< EitAwo `XnxXæT[øEy `WYy]pXø BXIy:eOhyPv]wÓ XeZhAyZ‛ ^o GowPh:]Iy;

(ËnEyeYh^Sy 14:6)<

]ÊhAkXy:Fh> BZFyeOhy]Iy [p]h:Xkh:`h:[vo:Awo `áTFyEZuXn AYyOEy

ZSy OFyBoOIy:e]h[Xy:áUFyeêAhEy: ]sSy]EyPh:Ti]Iy< Pow[Xy:=`Gvo:> [p

]h:Xkh:]Iy WoZh:]BEyAwo eOúáXEy? eAhEy:AEyWvo]Ów \EyFh:Z[wXytXIy<

PwÓ`áTEy ]ÊhAkXy:FhA BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo [AyBváBEy:áUEyt `áBh:e]h

`ZhXkh:FshAwo[Iy: [AyBvZËnwXIyáUFyeêAhEy: eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy<

ËnEyeYh^Sy 1:12; ‚Pow]pAwo [AyBv]Xøe]h]pOIy:^pe]h AwoYyeOhy

Awo YvoêAIy]pOÓw`h:; WoZh:]BEy=]h: áUFyZe]h`BsEytAwo eT:eOhyXp=<‛

ËnEyeYh^Sy 5:24; ‚Ei`XnSy`ASyGwo]IyAh:; EitFAh:Awo Sh:ePhEy?

EitAwoeF[sOyeOhyXpe]h]pAow YvoêAIye]h]p]Iy Ph\Z`]AyAwo Z]IyáUFy?

`áTFyFxZEyáBEy:XBvZ< e]áBEy:Xn `]AyË nEyáBEy:]wÓ Ap:eáXhAye]h]páUFy=<‛

ËnEyeYh^Sy 3:16; ‚WoZh:]BEy= ]h:eOhyAwo YvoêAIye]h]p`eTiEy:

OwÓ]Iy TkAyFx:áBEy:]wÓXeZhAy; Ph\Z`]AyAwo ZeFáBEy:Eni; WoZh:]BEy]Iy XwXw

> OFyTi:OIy:e]h]h:eOhyAwo Fs¸yeOhyXp]IytOowEye`hEy e[hAx]h:OwÓAwo BkFy

eOhyXp=<‛

VkhQwOyAkXy: 20:15; ‚`]AyFheFhEy> FhZEy:X\Eye]h]pËnw]XøAwo Xx:

`woEyPu]wÓ BkTFye[=<‛

@AkXy:BkAyXkh:Xn WoZh:]BEy]Iy [p]h:Xkh:Awo BZFyeOhyeYÌreShAy

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WoZh:]BEyPv TwÓeGhEyeT:e]h OFyBoOIy:e]h[Xy: áUFy]Iy<

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ShX OFyFvoOFyBoXø eAhEy:AEye`hAy [pOÓwOsEy XeTjXËnw^o eTOÌo]Iy Pwo]pOwÓ

`h:çXOyGwo=<‛

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áTOy]h:Fsh Gvo:áUOyBkAyBk]Eyt]Iy<

= 52 =

Voµ]Iy [Xy:BZx:X^oOyTi<

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ðA[hXIyt]p]h ‚e]áBEy:¹nEty áTSy[IyeXs:Ush:áBEy: ]v]ZhXn `A÷OyOZh:]wÓ TwÓ

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]Iy<

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`eXnhEyPu> Xx: wXy¹nEyt[Xy:e[øhAyáBEy:; ]ÓwX oOy XkAyFweAhEy:e]h]p YvoêAIy

¹owEyZSyXø]h áUFy]Iy<20

Voµ]Iy A÷¹oyTyOwÓ e[øhAyZXIyt[Xy:BZx:¹nEyt eFhEyteXøhye]h]p X oOye]h

eêAhEyt [pOwoEy:]Iy eAhEy:e]h`[oTyAow[oTy? eShEyOFyBkwSy> ðA[hXIyt

eXËnwYAYyOEyËnEyAwo eFhEyteXøhyZêAXIy< AÉht]XwoEy:`Z VoµAsYy[sSyåTx:eShAy

¹nFyeTiEy: 543 ¹nFy `êAhOsEy BZFyeOhyeYÌr e[hA>eXs:UsháBEy:Awo BvYpBut]Iy<

BZFyeOhyeYÌr OsAy; eXs:Ush:BváBEy:]Iy W\=`F X oOyeT< AkXy:FhOsEy

BZFyeOhy]Iy `Zh`h:[vo:=Xp[`F¹nEty WoZh:áUFyeêAhEy: eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy<

(ËnEyeYh^Sy 8:58)< VoµA BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy eXËnwYáUFyeêAhEy: eUhyáT]Iyt

`Bi ‚]p]Iy Eit`ZE yËnw? EiteShAyXn [he]h]páUFy]Iy;‛21 o eáThBut]Iy<

BZFyeOhyeYÌreShAy [woAy[owe]h]p]Iy BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy WoZh:áUFy

eêAhEy:]wËnwZXIy< Voµ=]sSy]EyBkAyOsEy X¥ËnFyTi:=`BkAy `BSy: 1 ¹nEyt 8 OsEy

Qo£áTcShXkh: eTkhAyAsYyXIyt[Xy:`eêAhEy: e^heáThButTi]Iy< `Zh`h:

[vo:Awo XnSyASye]h `áXEyáUEytFOEyAh ]Êh]OwáUEyt `Gvo:]OyZXIy^o e^hBut

]Iy< PÓweShAy A÷¹oyTyOwÓ]Iy e`hEyáXEy[wXytXIy< PowSIy:Op BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo

YvoêAIyAwo:Fh:[øEy ]p=]ÊhOZh:Awo ]wZXIy< FwOy¹n[vo:Ti[øAy [owAye[øhAy

[øEy A÷¹yoTyOÓw [woBkEye]h e`hEyáXEyXrXkh:Awo ZËnw[wXytXIy<

“[pPEy]Iy OwoEy: XnSye]h [£NhËnwe]hy[Iy:

`Gvo:> e]áBEy:]wÓ TwÓe]h [Xy:OFyXkwl:Ënw=<”

]o³vAkXy: 14:12

20

The Prophecy from the Mouth of Buddha, by A. P. Page 505 and other pages.

21 Book of Buddha (Tri Pi Dok, Thai Edition) Book 27, page 23.

= 53 =

`BSy: (11)

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VoµWh]h= ]sSy]EyBkAy`Z

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AsYy[sSyåTx:[øEy ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyáBEy:XËnw; [sOy[Xy:XËnw<22

BZFyeOhy>

e]áBEy:Xn ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAy¹woEy]Iy< OUSy¹wo:P[wXytXIy<

ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyáBEy:Ënw]Iy<[sOyeáXhAyZSy AYyOEyáBEy:Ënw]Iy<

W\= îAx:Xh:e]h eXøhy[EytBkAy

[p]h:Xkh:`h:[vo:= îAx:Xh:e]h eXøhy[EytBkAyOFyBoXnh OX[sSyW\OsEy

Two?eAhEy:XsSye]hW\Awo ËnheUseOúËnwZSyáUFy]Iy< e[hA>Ënwe]hWh]hOZh:

OwoEy:OsEy @eXøhy[EytáBEy:`OsAy XOpIxe]h`eáUXkh:Ënw]Iy< `Pp:]áUEyt `îAx:

Xh:Gvo:Wh]hOZh:Xkh:áUFye]h VoµWh]h¹nEty BZFyYhSyWh]hOwÓáUFy]Iy<

XOpIxe]heXøhy[EytáBEy:Xkh:Awo e`hAyTi`OwoEy:eOúZ]Iy<

VoµWh]h> AsYy[sSyåTx:eShAy W\=eXøhy[EytBkAy;

e]áBEy:]Iy e[:SAye]h [ølÖw\nAyBkAyáUFy]Iy; ÌrTyePs:]Iy< @e[hA

OsEy [p]h:Xkh:]Iy XkAyASy:TXh `]AyËnEyêAZ]Iy< `Pp:]áUEyt A÷¹oyTyOwÓ

e[h[pXkwl:Xkh:]Iy e]áBEy:OZh:=eShAy> XIy]ÓwáUFyTkAy[hXIyAwoX]w Sh:

X[IyêAeT< VoµWh]hOZh:= ]sSy]EyBkAy`Z ‚`ZhZhOwoEy:¹nEyt [p]h:OwowEy:

]Iy OFyFvoOFyBo= ]SyFsXy:e]h(OSyBwo:îAx:e]h) BsSy`h:OFyBoeêAhEyt áUFyeTj

[h]Iy^o BvYpêA]Iy<‛ VoµA `áTFy=OSyBwo:; AvêAÊheêAhEytáUFy]Iy ^o

OZh:\Ey eUhyáTBut]Iy< @]wÓeUhyáTZáBEy:Xnh W\]v]Zh[IyTOyeSáBEy:¹nEyt

22

Oral Tradition.

= 54 =

áTSy[IyeXs:Ush:áBEy:Aow BvYpe]heêAhEytáUFy]Iy< PwÓeêAhEty VoµWh]h\EyXkh:

]Iy e]áBEy:OZh:=eShAy> W\Ap:eáThEy:áBEy:BvZSy `BsEyt`eZ:Ënw? @e[hA

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eZhAyËnw[wXytXIy^o eXøhy[EytêA]Iy< ]Ey]Iy áTSy[IyeXs:Ush:áBEy:BvZe]h`Bi

WháUFy[hXIy; `WYy]wÓe]hBÀhAwoYyXkwl:¹nEyt WYy`GEyt>ËnwXIy F]Iyt`Zh

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`eTjXnh XpOIyTi]Iy<

VoµAkXy:CSyOsEy eAhEy:e]h]p ]wÓX^oOy XeAhEy:e]h]p áUFy[hZáBEy:Xnh

eXs:Ush:ZhXn X oOyWu; `OwOyW\=AvOZh:áUFy]Iy^oGow]Iy< `OwOyAv

eêAhEyt [Yy]Xh:; TIhËnEy; AoSy]Iy; A÷Sy; ]pBwo:; FFy]h:; WoZEyF]áUEyt áUFy

[hZ]Iy< e[hAOsEy `ZhZhOowEy:]Iy `OwOyAvêAÊh= `Akwl:Z[QyXkh:

]h áUFy]Iy< ]³\i`h:[vo:]Iy Wx:Aut]wÓe]hAvOZh:= ]v]ZhFAyAsEy:>

BkIye¹nhEyáBEy:BvZêA]Iy< AvOZh:=`Aßw:GAyAwo Sh:[IyZSy VoµA e`hAyTi

`OwoEy: e^hButTi]Iy<23

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e]heêAhEyt áUFy]Iy<

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]Iy<

3< FwOyGwo:?A[utFh:eBkBtue]h]p]Iy ÌoTyGwo:Z]Iy<

FwOyXGwo:; A[utFh:XeBkBtu]pXnh [nTeBkhZ]Iy<

4< `OwOyW\Xnh XSh[wo\SyOwoBute]h]p]Iy ZhPp:AkÌpv:Z]Iy<

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5< eT:AXy:áBEy: XËnwBute]heêAhEyt GEy:ZuZ]Iy<

eT:AXy:ZAyeZhBute]heêAhEyt BkXy:]hZ]Iy<

6< `OwOyW\Xnh \iðAh:Bute]heêAhEyt `GEyt OSy: ¹nwXyte]hXw]h:FoOsEy

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fNyTIhAwo GIy:Tp:But]p]Iy TIhËnwáUFyZ]Iy<

23

History of Religions, Souchip Ponyanouphab.

= 55 =

e[h[pXßw:`Xkh:Fo]Iy VoµWh]h\EyXkh:áUFyêA]Iy< ]pOÓw=Sh:[Iy

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eShAy W\`hXBvBkAy[Iy: XËnwêAeT; `WYy]ÓwáUFyXIyAowTEy X]wêAeT< @

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åTx:eShAy `WYy]Ów]sh:? XIy]ÓwáUFyXIyAwo X]wêAeT< YBo`]AyËnEy[øAy

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`Xkh:A @]wÓ `]AyËnEyeSêA]Iy<

WoSy:îAx:eAkhEy:Xn WoSy:îAx:ATEy eXøhy[EytáBEy:AEy:XuteêAhEy:Awo e^heáTh

e[t ËnwêA]Iy< FkhTS`BXy:`Sh:OsEy WoSy:îAxXkh:A ËsOyGwo]IyXnh;

“WYyeOhtXn áTSyX[heOhteT< WYyeOhtXn ¹wo:PáBEy:XËnweOhteT<

ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyáBEy:XËnweOhteT< [sOyeáXhAyáBEy:XËnweOhteT<”

@]wÓáUEyt VoµWh]hOsEy eXøhy[EytáBEy:XËnweT; ¹nFy]wXytáBEy:[Iy:XËnweT< Pwo

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^o BvYpáBEy:áUFy]Iy< e[hA> `]AyËnEyFay A÷¹yoTyOÓw]Iy OFyax:¹nEytOFyax:

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]Iy ]äCw[yáBEy:; Xx:ÌÑwáBEy:áUEyt eáXXr¸y]wÓáTSy]sh:Z=< \wIhay]Iy W\=`FwOy

`TowEy:áUFy]Iyt`OwoEy: WoZh:]BEyáTEyGEye]heSZh]wÓ ]sh:Z[wXytXIy< @`Zh

Awo X]wSh:X[Iye]h]pXkh:A; AsYy[sSyåTx:eShAy [p]Iy SOy\wIhay `áUFy]wÓ

eáThEy:[uAh W\AvêAÊh`OwoEy: [IyTOyeS]Iy^o PEyêA]Iy<

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X[IyWu eXøhy[EytáBEy:OFyBo OIyeGhAyeSTi][h:< Pwo`Zh> ]Ey[voæBvXr ËnwTi

][h:< `eáUXnh ]Ey=Gvo:áUOyBkAyeTjOsEy]h XpOIyTi]Iy<

= 56 =

BZFyeOhy> AsYy[sSyåTx:eShAy eXøhy[EytBkAyËnwe]hW\;

OX[sSyW\`OsAy ]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:Awo ]ÊhAkXy:Fh> ËnEy:[Ey:Fsh eUhyáT

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`FIyXnh OFyax:OIy:e]h ]h:eOhyeYÌrAwo e[hA]wÓeF[sOy? A÷¹oyTyOwÓ=

`áTFy`OsAy `e]BveFButáBEy:áUFy]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt BZFyeOhy=`]AyOh>

eXs:Ush:áBEy:; e]áBEy:OwÓ]Iy AsYy[sSyåTx:eShAy [p]h:Xkh:=eXøhy[EytáBEy:

`OsAy `[sSyTEy `eZ:îAx:Ti]Iy< AkXy:FhA eUjáT]IyXnh; ‚eYÌrA[Iy:;

Ei]IyPeáXhAyáBEy:`eêAhEy:; `]AyËnEyáBEy:`eêAhEy:áUFy=< EitAowYovêAIy

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= 57 =

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eAhEy:AEy]wÓ êAIyteXøhy[kAy eSêA]SIy:< ]EyOwÓ¹nEyt Bsh? eAhEy:AEy]wÓ

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‚`eêAhEy:XpAh:; EiOwÓËnw]Xø]Iy AowYyBÀh>AkEyte]h`AkEyt; eAhEy:XeAhEy:

Ënw]Iy`OwoEy: `Akwl:`áTFyAwo `]x:]x:BváBEy:Eni; BZFyeOhy= OZh:TÍEyeËÒ> eTj

[hZêAXIy;‛ (2 eAh 5:10)<

]ÊhAkXy:FhOsEy BZFyeOhy> e][sSye]h]p]Iy ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAy[wXyt

XIy^o `BwoEy`Xh]sSy]EyTi]Iy;(1 ]Ay 4:16)< A÷¹oyTyOwÓ ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyXIyt

`eêAhEy:Awo 1 eAh 15:1-18 OsEy ËnEy:[Ey:Fsh eUhyáTPh:Ti]Iy< PwÓ`áTEy

BZFyeOhyeYÌrA [hHÌo`h: ËnEyáTSyeFBut? BZFyeOhy>ËnEyáTSyPeáXhAyáBEy: `XnSy

OAYyËnweêAhEy: ]Aye]áT? `A÷¹yoTyOwÓAwo BsSy:`h:eT:ButTi]Iy< PÓw`áTEy

= 58 =

BZFyeOhyAwoYyOowEyA[Iy: ]BzßwEy:Pu> ]vo:ZAy]äCw[yáBEy:BvåTx:eShAy ËnEyáTSy

PeáXhAyBut]Iy< PÓweêAhEyt; BZFyeOhyeYÌrAow YovêAIye]h]p]Iy `XnSyTEy

e]áBEy:Xn ¹ow:P[h[wXytXIy<

[sOyeáXhAyZh[Xy:Ënw]Iy<

[p]Iy`Xkwl:Xkwl:e]h Qo£Xn[sOyeáXhAy¹woEy]Iy< ]wÓe]hy; e]áBEy:Xn [sOy

eáXhAyZh[Xy:XËnweêAhEy: A÷¹yoTyOwÓ]Iy eAhEy:Fsh]wêATi]Iy<

A÷¹yoTyOwÓ]Iy BZFyeOhy`h:áUEyt e]áBEy:Xn `WYy]wÓ[sOyeáXhAy¹woEyXIy

SIy:< `eêAhEy:ZEy:Xnh; BZFyeOhy]Iy A÷¹oyTyOwÓ`OsAy `e]BvBute]heêAhEyt

áUFy]Iy< BZFyeOhye]áBEy:]Iy BÀhAwoYye]áBEy:]h X oOyeT< TpeHhyáBEy:

¹nEytGwoEye]h e]áBEy:áUFy]Iy< PwÓeêAhEyt; BZFyeOhyAwo XYvoêAIye]h]pOwoEy:

]Iy BZFyeOhy= FAh:`OwoEy: XwXw=`áTFyPuOsEy e]Gvo:Z[wXytXIy<

‚PwoeêAhEyt ]EyOwÓ]Iy AwoYy`áTFy>e]êA[wXytXIy ^o EiGwo=< Ei]Iy

@XIye]h]páUFy]IyAwo ]EyOwÓ]IyXYvo[øEy; AwoYy`áTFy> e]êA[wXytXIy‛ ^o

Xw¸yeOhyXp=; (ËnEyeYh^Sy 8:24)< A÷¹yoTyOwÓ]Iy Xe]Gvo:[ow[øEy ax:Fsh A÷¹yoTyOwÓ

= `áTFyPuXn [sOyeáXhAyZXIy< A÷¹yoTyOwÓ= `áTFyXn[sOyeáXhAyZSy [Xy:BZx:

OFyBo]hËnw]Iy< Pow[Xy:BZx:Xnh BZFyeOhyeYÌráUFy]Iy< `WYyeêAhEytGow

e]hy; ‚Pwo]BEy= ShXeOhyXnOTi: EiOwÓAwo AYyOEy¹woEye]hShX OFvoOBoXø

eAhEy:AEye`hAy[pOwÓOsEy XeTjXËnw^o eTOÌo]Iy Pwo]pwOwÓ`h: çXOyGwo=;‛

(OXSyeOhy 4:12)< BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy; WoZh:]BEyA A÷¹yoTyOwÓ[p]h:Xkh:Awo

`áTFyPuXn [sOyeáXhAyZSyeT:Bute]h OFyBoOIy:e]h [Xy:BZx:áUFy]Iy< (Xcu

1:12) <

SwCvo:

@`Zh`h:[vo:Awo ]Ey]IySh:[Iye]h`Bi `WYy]wÓæTXIySIy:< eXøhy

[EytBkAyAEy:Xute]h @W\> `]AyËnEyXnh[h:; ]ÓwX^oOy AYyOEyáBEy:; eXøhy

[EytáBEy:; BZFyeOhy> `]Fye]h `hXBvBkAyZËnwZSy FwOy¹n[vo:eáThEy:[uXnh[h:<

]Ey]Iy @Gvo:áUOyBkAyAwo Bk¹woEye]h]p OFyax:áUFyTi]Iy< ]EytW\`OsAy

[Xy:OFyBoAwo eËò:BkYyTi<

]Ey]Iy WoZh:]BEyA ]EytW\`OsAy `[woËnw]Iyt`OwoEy: áTEyGEye]h

eAhEy:e]h[Xy:¹nEyt XnSye]h[Xy:BZx:áUFy]Iyt BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo eËò:BkYy[wXyt

XIy^o A÷¹oyTyeXøhy[Eyt[øAy GoeOhEy:Ti]Iy<

= 59 =

`BSy: (12)

]Eyt eTjXpOIye]h Gvo:áUOyBkAy

[pXwoAy]Iy XShBve]heêAhEyt e]Z=<

áEEy:GSye]h]p]Iy TIhXtue]heêAhEyt e]Z=<

[pXwoAy]Iy XFay:Fh:Wu Gvo:áUOyBkAyBke[tËnw=<

TIhËnw]Iy Fay:Fh:åTx:Xn]h Gvo:áUOyBkAyBke[tËnw]Iy<

]Ey]Iy @`Zh`h:[vo:Awo ]we]h`Bi Wh[oTyXIySIy:<

eXËnwY¹nEytTOy]Oy? Voµ=]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:; ËnEy:áTBkAyXkh:; ]Aye]BvBkAy

Xkh:; Awo:Ah:BkAyXkh:`h:[vo:Awo UOyåTx:]Iyt`Bi ]Ey]Iy]ÊhOZh:Awo eOúËnwåTx

^o A÷¹oyTy YvoêAIyTi]Iy< Pwo]ÊhOZh:¹nEyt ]Ey]Iy XIy]ÓwGAyåTx: `]Ay

ËnEyXIySIy:<

`]AyËnEyeOhyXpe]h WoZh:]BEyAwo YvoêAIyXIy[h:< ]EytW\`OsAy

eáThEy:[uXrXkh:YpeGhEy[hXIy< ]Ey]Iy]EytW\> ]ÊhOZh:Awo áEEy:TYy[øEy

]ÓwX^oOy `eZ:XîAx: oBvYp[øEy `[sSy\Xy:SIy:FZhTEy áUFy]Iy< @`Zh]Iy

XnSyASy]Iy; `eZ:îAx:]Iy o BvYp[owAySh[øEy `[sSy\Xy:eáXhAyWsYy áUFyTi

]Iy< [AyBv]IyáUFyeF; [AyXBv]IyáUFyeF; ]EyeShAyGvo: Gvo:áUOyBkAyXæTXnx

GEyáBEyZXIyt ]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:áUFy]Iy<

áEEy:TYy]pXkh:¹nEty `eZ:XîAx:^o BvYp]pXkh: eAk:Hp:æT?

@`ZhXkh:Awo GEyáBEyFay:Fh:êAIytTi<

]Eye]]sh:But[øEy ]Ey=\wIhay]Iy BÀhAwoYyAwo BsuBsh]sh:[wXytXIy<

]Eyt\wIhay]Iy WYyAwo]sh:XIyAwo ]Ey]wTi][h:< áTSy[IyW\Ap:eáThEy:Ah;

eXs:Ush:áBEy:BvXIy[h:< SOy\wIhayáUFy? FhOSy¹nEty`Op EZu> Qo£BvXIy[h:;

]ÓwX^oOy eAhEy:AEyWvo> BZFyeOhyWoZh:¹nEyt`Op Fwo:FvZXIy[h:< ]Ey WYy

`ZTy]wÓ ]sh:XIySIy:< YBo ]EyYvoêAIy]Iyt`OwoEy:; ]EySh:[Iy]Iyt`OwoEy:

]Ey]Iy WYy]wÓ]sh:eS]SIy:< [p]h:Xkh:`h:[vo:]Iy e]áBEy:OZh:Awo OFy

e¸ dASyeOúïAvZXIyáUFy]Iy< e]áBEy:OZh: ]EytPvXeZhAyXnx W\`hXBvBkAy

= 60 =

`OsAy eXøhy[Eyt? áTEyGEyZXIy< [p`BýwOwÓ]Iy Sh:[IyZSyBAyBu]Iyt`Zh o

PEyAh; gEy:OwÓAwo CÌoXFwoAy; XFay:Fh:BkEyêAeT<

[p`Býw]Iy `XnSyOZh:AwoX]wWuXkAyASy:TXhYvoêAIyêA]Iy< ]Ey]Iy

@`eêAhEy:`ZhXkh:¹nEytTOy]Oy? XIyXøTEySh:[IyYvoêAIye]hy[Iy: BZFy

eOhyWoZh:`eTjAwo:Fh:? áTEyGEyáBEy:XæT[øEy e`hAyTiGow:Akwl:Xkh:¹nEyt ZEyGwoEyZ

[wXytXIy<

1< ]Ey]Iy BZFyeOhyeYÌr¹nEyt eOúe]h`Bi e[hA>`]AyËnEyFay

BZFyeOhyAwo áEEy:TYyBute]heêAhEty eêAhAyËôvZ[wXytXIy<

2< BZFyeOhy`h:áUEyt OZh:FxZEy? EZu]wÓ ]sh:ZXIyt`eêAhEy: ]Ey]w

e]h`Bi TpeGs:eShEyOZ[wXytXIy<

3< Xx: woEyPuOsEy Ph\ZQo£ BvFh:Z[wXytXIy<

4< ]Ey`OsAy eShEyOZXIyt`BkwSyXËnweOhteT< Uw[wÄw 2:10; 11 ¹nEyt

2 eAh; 5:10 `OwoEy:; XIy]pXø OZh:FxZEyáBEy:Xn X[sOyeáXhAy¹woEyeT<

e[hA> XIy]IytWh]hOZh:Awo YvoêAIyTieF eShAyGvo:OsEy OZh:

FxZEyáBEy:Xn `WYy]pXø X[sOyeáXhAy¹woEyeT<

‚[p`BýwOwÓ]Iy; e¹n:áBE y:Awo XnOy]Iy`OwoEy:; Ph\ZWoZh:]Iy AOweOhy`Zh

Xnh e¹n:eOhyXXp; EiOwÓOsEy `WYy]pXø XTkAyFx:Wu; Ënw]XøOwÓ]Iy eShEyO

ZeFáBEy:Eni `[woeOhyËnw? EiOwÓAwo ]Iy:BveOhyXp=;‛ (2 eT; 3:9)<

‚PwÓeêAhEyt; EiOwÓ]Iy YvoêAI yáBEy:Ënw? eáUhEytXOyZh]wÓeZhAy[øEy; EiOwÓ

]BEyeYÌrBZFy`h:áUEyt WoZh:]BEyteËÒeOhy> åEwXy]AyáBEy:Awo BvFh:êA[wXytXIy‛

(eZhX 5:1); Ph\Z`]AyZXIy; (1 eYh 5:11;12)< ¹woEyEveOhy> WoZh:]BEy

¹nEyt`Op eSZSy`hXBvBkAyËnw]Iy; (ËnEyeYh^Sy 14:1-3)<

[pOowEy:]Iy `[owG»Xkh:FshËnwOOy]Iy; `Pp:]áUEyt åEwXy]AyáBEy:AowZ[ow]Iy<

`RwAáTcShXnh A÷¹yoTyOwÓ]Iy `áTFy]h:áUFyêAe]heêAhEyt WoZh:]

BEy= WoSy:eOhyAwo XXnxêAeT; (eZhX 3:23)< `áTFyeêAhEyt A÷¹yoTyOwÓ]Iy e`hAy

TiOwÓAow BvFh:êAZ]Iy<

1< \Xy:SIy:áBEy:¹nEty ShAkEyáBEy:< (AÉhax:AkXy: 3:16-19)

2< BÀhAwoYy e]áBEy:<

3< \wIhay e]áBEy:< (WoZh:]BEy¹nEyt e\:AsháBEy:)

4< FhOSy¹nEyt`Op OZh:FxZEyáBEy:Awo ZEyGwoEyZXIy< (VkhQwOy 20:7-10)

5< EZuXx:`woEy]wÓ BkTFyáBEy:< (VkhQwOy 20:15)

= 61 =

BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo XYvoêAIy; [AyXBve]h]p]Iy `PAyeUhyáTTi OZh:

FxZEyáBEy: Ei:Xkwl:Xn `WYy]pXø X[sOyeáXhAy¹woEyeT<

2 eAh 5:21; ‚`WYyeêAhEytSIy: pXpAh:; WoZh:]BEy]Iy `áTFy¹nEytAEy:FEy

e]h]pAwo EiOwÓ`OsAyeêAhEyt `áTFyËnwe]h]p áUFyeFeOhyXp=<

`eêAhEy:XpAh:; EiOwÓ]Iy Pwo]p`h:áUEyt WoZh:]BEyteËÒeOhy>

eáUhEytXOye]h]páUFyXIy`eêAhEy:OIy:<‛

eZhX 5:1; ‚PwÓeêAhEyt EiOwÓ]IyYvoêAIyáBEy:Ënw? eáUhEytXOyZh]wÓ eZhAy[øEy

EiOwÓeYÌrBZFy`h:áUEyt WoZh:]BEyteËÒeOhy> åEwXy]AyáBEy:Awo

BvFh:êA=<‛

A÷¹yoTyOwÓ]Iy BÀhAwoYye]ZXIy< ]wÓe]hy BZFyeOhyAow YovêAIyAow:Fh:

[øEy A÷¹yoTyOwÓ= \wIhay]Iy Xe]Gvo:eT; (ËnEyeYh^Sy 5: 24; 11:25)<

A÷¹yoTyOwÓ= \wIhay]Iy EZu]wÓX]sh:ZeOhteT; (VkhQwOy 20:15)< eShAyGvo:e]h

OZh:FxZEyáBEy:e¸Awo eAkhy[òh:Z[wXytXIy; (ËnEyeYh^Sy 3:18; 5:24) <

WoZh:]BEy]Iy; [p]h:Xkh:`h: `áTFyXnAYyOEy? ]ÔPv áTSy[IyeBj

eGhEy[hAh eAhEy:AEyWvo]wÓ\EyFh:eFZSy BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo [Xy:BZx:`áUFy

eF[sOyBut]Iy; (ËnEyeYh^Sy 14:6)< `áBh:e]h]p; `áBh:e]h[Xy:BZx:;

`áBh:e]hWh]hOZh:Xkh:]Iy @Aut]wÓ XAYyOEy¹woEyeT; (OXSyeOhy 4:12)<

eXøhy[EytáBEy:; `hXBvBkAy¹nEyt áTFyQNyFxZEyáBEy:Xn[sOyeáXhAy? AYyOEyáBEy:

ZËnwZSy BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo YvoêAIy[AyBvZXIy<

BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo YvoêAIy? `]Fye]h`]AyOh>

`]AyËnEy[woe]h ]pXkh:`OsAy `GwoæTBkAyXkh:;

1< Voµ= TeZhUAyæTBute]h eXËnwY]Iy BZFyeOhyeYÌráUFyeêAhEy:Awo

[AyBvTi<

2< ]Ey]Iy `áTFy]h:áUFyeêAhEy:[AyBvTi<

3< BZFyeOhyeYÌr]Iy WoZh:]BEy; AYyOEyËnEy; `Pp:]áUEyt ]EytAwo

`áTFyPuXn AYyOEyBute]h`ËnEy]BEy áUFyeêAhEy: [AyBvTi<

4< BZFyeOhyeËÒXnh `áTFy\SyBvTi< eShEyOZTi< YvoXnh:áBEy: ]v]YAwo

UYyËnh:TFyTi<

5< BZFyeOhyAwo [AyBvTi< YBoXnF? WoZh:]BEyAwo ]EytW\> eSZheT:Ti<

`]AyËnEyeFTi<

= 62 =

6< ]Ey]Iy [AyBvZSy `GEy]EytáUFy[øEy eAk:Hp:æT? e`hAyTi`OwoEy:

GoeOhEy:Ti<

‚BkFye]h`U; A÷¹yoTy`OsAy W\¹nEyt`]AyAwoeT:e]hWoZh:Awo ]wBsEyt

Ze]heêAhEyt\Xy:eáXhAyTi=< `A÷¹yoTy]Iy AwoYyeOhyAwoX]wWu áEEy:TYy

XwBute]heêAhEyt\Xy:SIy:XwTi=< @`ZhXkh:áUEyt AwoYyeOhyAwo áTFyXnh:Bute]h

eêAhEyt\Xy:SIy:XwTi=< OUSyáTSy? Pwo]wÓXæTeOhtTi< `wo; WoZh:]BEyAwo eAk:

Hp:OEyTi=< `A÷¹yoTyAwo BkFyáBEy:; CÌoFwoAyáBEy:; OFyax:OIy:e]h ]h:eOhyAwo

eF[sOyeT:Bute]heêAhEyt eAk:Hp:OEyTi=< Ye¸XnF? A÷¹yoTyeShEyOZTiåTx<

AwoYyeOhyAwo YvoêAIyTi]Iy< AwoYyeOhyAwo Ph\ZYvoêAIyAwo:Fh:TiXIy<

AwoYyeOhyWoZh: A÷¹yoTy¹nEyt`Op `Fay`áXuËnweOhyXpTi< `A÷¹oyTy= `áTFyXkh:Awo

BsEyt[sOyeT:? ]h:/]Xx:`áUFy [AyBve]heêAhEyt eAk:Hp:OEyTi=; `U

WoZh:]BEy< BZFyeOhy=ShX> eOhEy:e[øhAy`TyTi]Iy< `hXEy<‛

]Eyt`OsAy`Pp:

1< A÷¹yoTyOwÓ ]OwæT]Eyt]Iyt `eZ:îAx:e]h`BkAyOFyBkAyXnh ]Ey]Iy

AvêAÊh= eF«òSyZh`OwoEy:`]AyËnEyáBEy: X oOyWu WoZh:]BEy=

]sSy]EyBkAy`OwoEy: `]AyËnEyZSyáUFy]Iy< ]wÓXn]h ]Ey=eXøhy[EytáBEy:

ËnEy]Sy[wXytXIy< WoZh:]BEy= ¹rOyATOyeOhy> eUhyáTPh:]Iyt Zh

Xkh:]Iy `XnSyTEy áUFyTkAy[hXIyáUFy]Iy<

2< AÉÞheTjOsEyËnwe]h Wh]hOZh:`B‎ßÖw]IyeAhEy:Ti]Iy< ]wÓe]hy

`h:[vo:]Iy XáTIytFvoeT< PwoWh]hOZh:Xkh:]Iy ]EytW\= [wo`TyXr

Aow XáUIytGIy:eT:¹woEyeT< PwoWh]hOZh:Xkh:A XeT:¹woEye]h`Zh

]vo:Xkwl:Ënw]Iy<

(A) FFyXnSye]h WoZh:

(B) `áTFy BsEyt[sOyáBEy:OZh:

(C) Ph\Z`]Ay¹nEty ¹woEyEveOhy

@]vo:Xßw:F[vo:Awo eT:¹woEye]h]pXnh BZFyeOhyeYÌr]h[øEyáUFy]Iy< BZFy

eOhy]Iy A÷¹yoTyOwÓ eXøhy[EyteFhEytFh:eS]p; FFyXnSye]hWoZh:; VoµAowYyOowEyA

[Iy:UeZhUAyæTBtu]p áUFye]heêAhEytTEy áUFy]Iy; (1 eYh^Sy 5:10)< BZFy

eOhyeYÌr]Iy `áTFyXn AYyOEyZSy ðAGEy:[h]Iyt eXËnwY áUFy]Iy; (Xcu

1:21)<

PwÓ`áTEy BZFyeOhy]Iy [p]h:Xkh:Awo WoZh:]BEy¹nEyt eAhEy:AEy¹woEyEv]Ów

áTSy[IyTwÓeGhEyZSy ðAGEy:[he]h [Xy:BZx:TEyáUFy]Iy< (ËnEyeYh^Sy 14:6)<

= 63 =

@Fh oTy UOyÌr]pOwoEy:`eTj WoZh:]BEyXn eAhEy:Bkx:XCz[h

]AyeZhAyTieF<

WoZh:]BEy= BkFyáBEy:eX³heOhy; ]h:eOhyeYÌrWoZh:= CÌoNheX³h

eOhy¹nEty]¸yËnEy:e]h\wIhayeOhy=XwOy]^hZUúuáBEy:OÓwáUEyt ]EytAwoAhAsYyTieF<

eAhEy:Bkx:XCz[hBvFh:Z? @`ZhXkh:Aow]wËnwSh:[Iy]eWheTiAyAh BZFyeOhy

> `áXuåEwXy:BkXy:TieF<

Gvo:áUOyBkAyBkPh:åTx:e]h]pXkh: ]ÓwX oOy eX:BsSy:eX:[wo]pXkh:`OsAy @

Fh`oTy`h:áUEyt `Akwl:æTTieF< BkFyáBEy:¹nEyt eXøhy[EytáBEy:Xkh:FsháUEyt;

`EyOh BkSyOh\XyeGhEyt

= 64 =

FheZ:GZh= ]XwoEy:`Akay:

eQiAyOh `EyOh BkSyOh\XyeGhEyt]Iy e[h¹woEyEvOsEy 1953 Bo¹nFyOsEy

eXs:Ush:ButTi]Iy< VoµWh]h\EyXw]h:FoXn eXs:Ush:[hAh 1970 OsEy]h

BZFyYhSyOFyeYhAy áUFy[hButTi]Iy< BZFyYhSyWh]h]wÓX\EyBEy Voµ=

TeZhUAyæTBkAyXkh:; ]sSy]EyBkAyXkh:Awoe[t[hButZh Voµ]Iy eXËnwY`eêAhEy:

Awo TeZhUAyæTButeêAhEy: ËnheUseOúËnwBut]Iy< FheZ:GZh]Iy BZFyeOhyeYÌrAwo

eXËnwYáUFyeêAhEy: YvoêAIy[AyBv]Iy< [p]h:OwoEy:eXøhy[EyteFhEytFh:eSe]h]p

]Iy eXËnwYáUFyeêAhEy:[AyBv]Iy<

1975 OsEy Far East Broadcasting Company > `Fx`Fay AowEyeGhEy]p

áUFy[hBut]Iy< [h`wo (Lao) Wh]hFAh:áUEyt `]v[sEytKhSOsEy eBiEy:eGhEy

`áUFy `XreOhyeGhEy]Iy< 1975 AOIy:A e¸Fay e[h Wh]hFAh:áUEyt

OZh:e^hBkAyXkh:Awo áTEyGEyPoOy[sEyte[t ËnwTi]Iy<

His degrees include: Bachelor of Arts from Biola University of La Mirada, CA, Master

of Arts degree from Talbot Seminary, La Mirada CA, Honorary Doctor’s Degree from the School of Theology of the Lao Conference of Churches. He has been president of the Lao Conference of Churches since 1987 and also served as president of the Lao Southern Baptist Fellowship from 1990 to 1993. In these capacities he speaks in conferences in many parts of the US. He is now Pastor of the Lao Baptist Church of Whittier, CA. He has authored and published many Chritian books.