Protestant BaroqueProtestant Baroque

Restrained or Protestant Restrained or Protestant BaroqueBaroque

Dutch RepublicDutch Republic CalvinistCalvinist Visual arts?Visual arts?

Not commissioned by Not commissioned by ChurchesChurches

Religious art is subtleReligious art is subtle Home decorationHome decoration

Still lifeStill life Landscapes Landscapes PortraitsPortraits People at workPeople at work

Rembrant van Rijn (1606-Rembrant van Rijn (1606-69)69)

Jan Vermeer (1632-75)Jan Vermeer (1632-75)

Protestant Baroque MusicProtestant Baroque Music

Handel and OratorioHandel and Oratorio

After Italian opera went out of After Italian opera went out of fashion, he turned to Oratoriofashion, he turned to Oratorio

In EnglishIn English Musical styleMusical style

ChorusesChoruses RecitativeRecitative Arias (da capo)Arias (da capo)

The The Messiah Messiah (1742)(1742)

First performed in Dublin for charityFirst performed in Dublin for charity

Johann Sebastian BachJohann Sebastian Bach

1685-17501685-1750Age 35 Age 50

Kapellmeister at Cöthen Kapellmeister at Cöthen 1717-17231717-1723

The Prince was a CalvinistThe Prince was a Calvinist Bach concentrated on secular musicBach concentrated on secular music

Well-Tempered ClavierWell-Tempered Clavier Concertos Concertos

The Brandenburg ConcertosThe Brandenburg Concertos

6 Concertos for various combinations 6 Concertos for various combinations of instrumentsof instruments

No. 5 in D Major (harpsichord, violin, No. 5 in D Major (harpsichord, violin, flute, strings, and continuo)flute, strings, and continuo)

[We must now digress a bit to catch [We must now digress a bit to catch you up on the Concerto; we’ll return you up on the Concerto; we’ll return

to Bach in a few minutes]to Bach in a few minutes]

The Concerto Grosso The Concerto Grosso

Contrast between large and small Contrast between large and small groups of playersgroups of players Ripieno or tuttiRipieno or tutti concertinoconcertino

Solo concerto-Solo concerto- large group and soloist large group and soloist Three movements: Fast, slow, fastThree movements: Fast, slow, fast Dynamics?Dynamics?

The Concerto: Ritornello The Concerto: Ritornello FormForm

Ritornello Ritornello contrast contrast Ritornello Ritornello contrast contrast RitornelloRitornello

TuttiTutti ConcertinoConcertino Tutti Tutti ConcertinoConcertino Tutti Tutti

Main key contrastingMain key contrasting Main Main

Antonio VivaldiAntonio Vivaldi(1678-1741)(1678-1741)

Worked for an Worked for an orphanage in orphanage in VeniceVenice

Composed over 450 Composed over 450 concertosconcertos

The Four Seasons The Four Seasons (1725)(1725) La Primavera La Primavera

(Spring), Op. 8, No. 1(Spring), Op. 8, No. 1

First Movement: AllegroFirst Movement: Allegro

Spring has come, and joyfully,Spring has come, and joyfully,The birds greet it with a happy song.The birds greet it with a happy song.And the streams, fanned by gentle breezes,And the streams, fanned by gentle breezes,Flow along with a sweet murmur.Flow along with a sweet murmur.Covering the sky with a black cloak,Covering the sky with a black cloak,Thunder and lighting come to announce the Thunder and lighting come to announce the

season.season.When these have quieted down, the little birdsWhen these have quieted down, the little birdsReturn to their enchanting song.Return to their enchanting song.

The Brandenburg ConcertosThe Brandenburg Concertos

6 Concertos for various combinations 6 Concertos for various combinations of instrumentsof instruments

No. 5 in D Major (harpsichord, violin, No. 5 in D Major (harpsichord, violin, flute, strings, and continuo)flute, strings, and continuo) Three movementsThree movements

Fast – slow – fast Fast – slow – fast Ritornello formRitornello form

LeipzigLeipzig1723-17501723-1750

Kantor, Director of Choir and Music in Kantor, Director of Choir and Music in Leipzig Leipzig

Composed and directed music for the Composed and directed music for the Churches (Lutheran) in Town Churches (Lutheran) in Town

Taught music and Latin at the St. Taught music and Latin at the St. Thomas SchoolThomas School

Directed Collegium Musicum (1729)Directed Collegium Musicum (1729)

Leipzig in 1720

Thomaskirche in Bach’s Time

Nikolaikirche Thomaskirche

Bach’s responsibilities for Bach’s responsibilities for Church music Church music

A cantata performed for the two main A cantata performed for the two main churches every other weekchurches every other week For his first few years there he completed For his first few years there he completed

cycles of cantatas for the liturgical year cycles of cantatas for the liturgical year The choir consisted of boys from the The choir consisted of boys from the

Thomas School, and the orchestra Thomas School, and the orchestra was from the town bandwas from the town band

Rehearsals on Saturdays Rehearsals on Saturdays

CantataCantata

Opening Chorus (often an arr. of a chorale)Opening Chorus (often an arr. of a chorale)RecitativeRecitativeAria or duetAria or duet

Sermon (lasted about an hour)Sermon (lasted about an hour)

RecitativeRecitativeAria or duetAria or duetChorale Chorale

Cantata No. 140: Cantata No. 140: Wachet auf, Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme ruft uns die Stimme (1731)(1731)

The scripture reading for the day (Matt. 25):The scripture reading for the day (Matt. 25):

At that time the kingdom of heaven will be like At that time the kingdom of heaven will be like ten virgins who took their lamps and went out ten virgins who took their lamps and went out to meet the bridegroom. Five of them were to meet the bridegroom. Five of them were foolish and five were wise. The foolish ones foolish and five were wise. The foolish ones took their lamps but did not take any oil with took their lamps but did not take any oil with them. The wise, however, took oil in jars them. The wise, however, took oil in jars along with their lamps. The bridegroom was a along with their lamps. The bridegroom was a long time in coming, and they all became long time in coming, and they all became drowsy and fell asleep.drowsy and fell asleep.

Cantata No. 140: Cantata No. 140: Wachet auf, Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme ruft uns die Stimme (1731)(1731)

At midnight the cry rang out: “Here’s the At midnight the cry rang out: “Here’s the bridegroom! Come out to meet him!” Then all bridegroom! Come out to meet him!” Then all the virgins woke up and trimmed their lamps. the virgins woke up and trimmed their lamps. The foolish ones said to the wise, “Give us The foolish ones said to the wise, “Give us some of your oil; our lamps are going out.” some of your oil; our lamps are going out.” “No,” they replied, “there may not be enough “No,” they replied, “there may not be enough for both us and you. Instead go and buy some for both us and you. Instead go and buy some for yourselves.” But while they were on their for yourselves.” But while they were on their way to buy the oil, the bridegroom arrived. The way to buy the oil, the bridegroom arrived. The virgins who were ready went in with him to the virgins who were ready went in with him to the wedding banquet. And the door was shut. wedding banquet. And the door was shut.

Cantata No. 140: Cantata No. 140: Wachet auf, Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme ruft uns die Stimme (1731)(1731)

Later the others also came. “Sir! Sir!” Later the others also came. “Sir! Sir!” they said. “Open the door for us!” they said. “Open the door for us!” But he replied, “I tell you the truth, I But he replied, “I tell you the truth, I don’t know you.” Therefore keep don’t know you.” Therefore keep watch, because you do not know the watch, because you do not know the day or the hour.day or the hour.

Cantata No. 140: Cantata No. 140: Wachet auf, Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme ruft uns die Stimme (1731): (1731):

First movementFirst movementWachet auf, ruft uns die Wachet auf, ruft uns die

StimmeStimmeDer Wächter sehr hoch Der Wächter sehr hoch

auf der Zinneauf der ZinneWach auf, du Jerusalem!Wach auf, du Jerusalem!Mitternacht heisst diese Mitternacht heisst diese

Stunde;Stunde;Sie rufen uns mit hellem Sie rufen uns mit hellem

Munde:Munde:Wo seid ihr klugen Wo seid ihr klugen

Jungfrauen?Jungfrauen?

““Awake,” the voice of Awake,” the voice of

watchmen calls us from watchmen calls us from high on the tower,high on the tower,

““Awake, Jerusalem!”Awake, Jerusalem!”Midnight is this very hour;Midnight is this very hour;

They call us with bright They call us with bright voices:voices:

““Where are you, wise Where are you, wise virgins?”virgins?”

Cantata No. 140: Cantata No. 140: Wachet auf, Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme ruft uns die Stimme (1731)(1731)

Wohl auf, der Wohl auf, der Bräut’gam kömmt,Bräut’gam kömmt,

steht auf, die Lampen steht auf, die Lampen nehmt!nehmt!

Alleluja!Alleluja!

Macht euch bereitMacht euch bereit

Zu der HochzeitZu der Hochzeit

Ihr müsset ihm Ihr müsset ihm entgegen gehn.entgegen gehn.

Take cheer, the Take cheer, the bridegroom comes,bridegroom comes,

Arise, take up your Arise, take up your lamps!lamps!

Hallelujah!Hallelujah!

Prepare yourselvesPrepare yourselves

For the wedding,For the wedding,

You must go forth to You must go forth to meet him.meet him.

Cantata No. 140: Cantata No. 140: Wachet auf, Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme ruft uns die Stimme (1731): 4(1731): 4thth

movement movement Zion hört die Zion hört die

Wächter singen,Wächter singen,

Das Herz tut ihr vor Das Herz tut ihr vor Freuden springen,Freuden springen,

Sie wachet und steht Sie wachet und steht eilend auf.eilend auf.

Zion hears the Zion hears the watchmen singing,watchmen singing,

For joy her very For joy her very heart is springing,heart is springing,

She wakes and rises She wakes and rises hastily.hastily.

Cantata No. 140: Cantata No. 140: Wachet auf, Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme ruft uns die Stimme (1731): 4(1731): 4thth

movement movement Ihr Freund kommt Ihr Freund kommt

von Himmel von Himmel Prächtig,Prächtig,

Von Gnaden stark, Von Gnaden stark, von Wahrheit von Wahrheit mächtig,mächtig,

Ihr Licht wird hell, ihr Ihr Licht wird hell, ihr Stern geht auf.Stern geht auf.

From heaven comes From heaven comes her friend her friend resplendent,resplendent,

Sturdy in grace, Sturdy in grace, mighty in truth,mighty in truth,

Her light shines Her light shines bright, her star bright, her star ascends.ascends.

Cantata No. 140: Cantata No. 140: Wachet auf, Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme ruft uns die Stimme (1731): 4(1731): 4thth

movement movement Nun komm, du werte Nun komm, du werte

Kron,Kron,

Herr Jesu, Gottes Herr Jesu, Gottes Sohn.Sohn.

Hosianna!Hosianna!

Wir folgen all’ zum Wir folgen all’ zum FreudensaalFreudensaal

Und halten mit das Und halten mit das Abendmahl.Abendmahl.

Now come, you Now come, you worthy crown, worthy crown,

Lord Jesus, God’s Lord Jesus, God’s own Son.own Son.

Hosanna!Hosanna!

We all follow to the We all follow to the joyful halljoyful hall

And share the Lord’s And share the Lord’s Supper.Supper.

Cantata No. 140: Cantata No. 140: Wachet auf, Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme ruft uns die Stimme (1731): (1731):

7th movement 7th movement Gloria sei dir Gloria sei dir

gesungengesungen

Mit Menschen und Mit Menschen und englischen Zungen,englischen Zungen,

Mit Harfen und mit Mit Harfen und mit Zimbeln Schön…Zimbeln Schön…

Gloria be sung to youGloria be sung to you

With men’s and With men’s and angel’s tongues,angel’s tongues,

With harps and With harps and beautiful beautiful cymbals…cymbals…