Protestant ReformationProtestant ReformationProblems with the Catholic ChurchProblems with the Catholic Church

–Respond to PreviewRespond to Preview: Think about your school and some problems you would like to see corrected at DHS. Identify your 3 major problems with school and 3 realisticrealistic ways you would fix these problems

Let’s Examine the Organization of the Catholic Church by

Comparing it to NGHS

Catholic Church & NGHS

Goals of the Catholic Church?

Head?Other Major

Roles?

Goals of Duluth High?

Head?Other Major

Roles?

Protestant Reformation

Corruption in the Catholic ChurchDuring the Renaissance, there

was a new focus on human potential; many people began to think for themselves & criticized some corrupt practices of the Catholic Church (Erasmus, More, etc.)

IntellectualsIntellectuals

Catholic Catholic ChurchChurch

Corruption in the Catholic Church

Members of the Church (called Clergy) took vows of ChastityChastity—meaning they would not engage in sexual relationships

BUT…some clergy members broke church law and were married, had families, or had children. Even several popes fathered and raised children

Chastity

Corruption in the Catholic ChurchDuring Feudalism, just as vassals

received fiefs from nobles a similar practice was used to name some members of the clergy

Lay InvestitureLay Investiture was a practice by which some bishops and priests received their church offices from powerful nobles. Therefore, the nobles were able to control the clergy members

Corruption in the Catholic ChurchDuring Middle Ages, clergy

members were among the few who could read & write & were supposed to be well-educated

BUT…many parish priests were illiterate and did not know how to perform religious services. During Renaissance, more people could read & noticed how poorly some clergy members could read

Education

Corruption in the Catholic ChurchSeveral clergy members used

their positions in the Church to gain wealth. This wealth led clergy members to lives of luxury

Some clergy members used wealth to buy Renaissance art

The ways clergy members were raising money became the most heavily criticized actions of the Catholic Church

Wealth

Corruption in the Catholic ChurchDuring Middle Ages, clergy had

access to land & a good incomeSimonySimony was practice of selling

church positions to the highest bidder regardless of the buyer’s religious training. This illegal practice was widely used & led to poorly educated clergy members & increased wealth of high church members

Simony

Corruption of the Catholic ChurchThe most profitable & criticized

fundraiser was selling of IndulgencesIndulgences—certificate bought from a priest to cancel sins. Indulgences were sold to cleanse deceased family members

This led people to believe that heaven could be attained not by being faithful, but by buying more indulgences

Indulgences

Corruption of the Catholic ChurchGreat SchismGreat Schism (1378-1417) further

weakened the power of the Church. In 1378, pope Urban VI angered French clergy, who elected a new pope, Clement VII.

As a result, Catholics had 2 popes. Which one was legitimate? Each pope excommunicated the other. Led to confusion & criticism

Great Schism

Corruption of the Catholic ChurchAll of these corrupt practices were

examined by intellectuals during the Renaissance leading to the ProtestProtestant ReformReformation:

–ProtestProtest—Identify Problems with Church

–ReformReform—Offer Solutions to these Problems

Protestant Reformation

Early Responses to Catholic Corruption

Role of the RenaissanceDuring Renaissance more people

began to read & value education; New artistic styles, literature, science led people to question & criticize other aspects of life (including religion)

During the Northern Renaissance, ideas spread from Italy to northern Europe

Printing Press

Invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1456 in Germany; used movable metal type to reproduce documents

Made books quick to produce and inexpensive

Humanist texts and ideas spread rapidly throughout Europe

Role of the RenaissanceAs Renaissance ideas spread to

northern Europe (especially in Germany), people began to use Humanist ideas to criticize the Catholic Church–Christian HumanistsChristian Humanists called for

an end to Church corruption and wanted to see an increase in the importance of individuals in religion

3 Early Humanists Call for Church Reform:John WycliffeJohn HussDesiderius Erasmus

John WycliffeTaught religion at the University of

Oxford in England from 1360-1382; promoted his new ideas:–Jesus Christ was the true head

of the Catholic Church, not Pope–Upset by wealth of some clergy;

should not own land or wealth–Bible was most important source

of authority; people did not need church to get into heaven

John Wycliffe–Upset that English people could

not understand the Bible because it was written in Latin—so he translated the Bible into English

John WycliffeHow did the Church respond?How did the Church respond?:

–Catholic bishop charged Wycliffe with heresy and convicted him to death by fire; but English supporters rioted & forced bishop to free him

John HussHead of Prague University in

Bohemia; influenced by Wycliffe:–Clergy should not have wealth–Opposed indulgences & simony–Because Bible & church

services were in Latin, people could be manipulated by corrupt church; wanted Bible & services conducted in vernacularvernacular (the local language, like German)

John Huss

How did the Church respond?How did the Church respond?:

–Tried and convicted of heresy; was excommunicated & burned at the stake in 1415

Desiderius ErasmusBecame a priest, but quit to become a

writer, teacher, scholar during the Renaissance; traveled throughout Europe sharing ideas:–Wanted Bible available in vernacular

–Some of church’s practices were unnecessary; but church had an important place in peoples’ lives & disagreed many criticisms of church

Desiderius Erasmus

How did the Church How did the Church respond?respond?:

–Erasmus was never attacked by Catholic leaders & stayed in the Church until he died

Who Did It? Review