Protists & Fungi

Kingdom Protista – Characteristics

Single or many celled Live in moist or wet

surroundings Eukaryotic Plant-like, animal-like,

or fungus-like Reproduce asexually or

sexually Important food source

for other organisms

Plant-Like Protists Known as Algae Single or many celled Contain chlorophyll Make their own food

(like plants) Many have cell walls Used in pudding, ice

cream, salad dressing, cheese spreads, mayonnaise, and toothpaste

Red Tide

Animal-Like Protists

Known as Protozoa Single celled No cell wall Classified by how they move

Cilia (Ciliates) Flagella (Flagellates) Psuedopod (Amoeba)

Specialized vacuoles for digesting food

Animal-like Protists

Important source of food

Sporozoans are parasites Malaria carried by

Anopheles Mosquito African Sleeping

Sickness

To Review

The protozoa that move with tiny threadlike structuresA. Amoeba

B. Ciliate

C. Flagellates

D. Sporozoans

To Review

The protozoa that move with flagella.A. Amoeba

B. Ciliate

C. Flagellates

D. Sporozoans

To Review

The protozoa that move with a pseudopodA. Amoeba

B. Ciliate

C. Flagellates

D. Sporozoans

Fungus-Like Protists

1. Slime Molds Move by pseudopods (like amoebas) in part of life

cycle Reproduce with spores (like fungi) Live on decaying logs or dead leaves in moist, shady

woods Brightly colored http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GScyw3ammmk

Fungus-Like Protists

2. Water Molds and Downy Mildews Live in water or moist places Fuzzy white growths Reproductive cells (spores)

with flagella Grows as a mass over an

organism, digests it, and absorbs nutrients (decomposes)

Many are parasites

Fungus-Like Protists

Help break down dead organisms

Can cause disease in aquatic organisms

Infect crops Downy mildews:

Irish potato famine (1840s)

Kingdom Fungi Overview

Molds, mildews, rusts, smuts, yeasts, and mushrooms

Saprophytic or parasitic Importance to humans:

Yeasts are useful in the

making of bread and

fermented drinks. Some parasitic fungi are actually human pathogens,

causing athlete’s foot and ringworm Nature’s recyclers

Characteristics

Do not make own food

No leaves or roots Many cells Hyphae – threadlike

mass of tubes that make up the body of a fungus Secretes enzymes

to digest food

Characteristics

Most feed on dead tissues (saprophytic)

Live in warm, humid areas

Spores = reproductive cells that form new organisms without fertilization

Classified by their reproductive structure

Club Fungi

1. Basidiomycota Basidium is where

spores are produced In gills of mushroom Importance:

Rusts and smuts destroy crops

Cultivated mushrooms for eating

NEVER EAT A WILD MUSHROOM

Sac Fungi 2. Ascomycota

Morels, yeasts, molds, truffles

Spores produced in an ascus

Ascospores are released when the tip of an ascus breaks open

Can destroy plant crops Dutch Elm disease Apple Scab Ergot Disease of Rye

Sac Fungi

Yeast (single celled) Can reproduce by budding

Asexual reproduction New organism grows off of parent

Used in baking Use sugar to produce alcohol and CO2

CO2 causes bread to rise

Zygote Fungi

3. Zygomycota Fuzzy black mold on

bread, fruit Produce spores in round

spore cases called sporangia on tips of hyphae

Releases 100s of spores into the air

Will grow into mold if it lands where there is enough moisture

Imperfect Fungi

4. Deuteromycota Sexual stage has never been observed

When it is observed they are immediately put into one of the three groups

Penicillium = penicillin (antibiotic) Ringworm Athlete’s Foot

Lichens

Made of fungus and green alga or a cyanobacterium

Symbiotic relationship (both benefit) Alga get moist,

protected living space; fungus gets food

Lichens Importance: Food source for animals Release acids that aid in

erosion & soil is formed Used to monitor

pollution levels Increase in lichens = no

pollution Decrease in lichens =

increase in pollution

To Review

Thread-like tubes that make up the body of a fungusA. Spores

B. Hyphae

C. Roots

D. Leaves

E. Scaffolding

To Review

The club fungi have their sporesA. In an Ascus

B. In a basidum

C. In sporangia on tips of hyphae

D. In a bud

E. We have never observed their sexual stage

To Review

The sac fungi have their sporesA. In an Ascus

B. In a basidum

C. In sporangia on tips of hyphae

D. In a bud

E. We have never observed their sexual stage

To Review

The zygote fungi have their sporesA. In an ascus

B. In a basidum

C. In sporangia on tips of hyphae

D. In a bud

E. We have never observed their sexual stage

To Review

The imperfect fungi have their sporesA. In an ascus

B. In a basidum

C. In sporangia on tips of hyphae

D. In a bud

E. We have never observed their sexual stage