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Protists Simple Eukaryotes Regents Biology 2006-2007 Domain Bacteria Domain Archaebacteria Domain Eukaryotes Common ancestor Simple Eukaryotes

Protists - Loudoun County Public SchoolsVertebrates: Reptiles Characteristics body structure dry skin, scales, armor (shells) body function breathe with lungs three -chambered heart

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Protists

Simple Eukaryotes

Regents Biology 2006-2007

DomainBacteria

DomainArchaebacteria

DomainEukaryotes

Common ancestor

Simple Eukaryotes

General characteristics

� Classification criteria

� eukaryotes

� not animal, plant or fungi

Regents Biology

That’s more ofwhat they’re not

& notwhat they are!

Protist Diversity

� A great variety in ways of life

� one-celled to many-celled

� autotrophs (photosynthesis) to heterotrophs (have to eat)

� asexual to sexual reproduction

Regents Biology

� asexual to sexual reproduction

� pathogens to beneficial

� sessile to mobile

Mobility

� How Protists move

� flagellum

� cilia

� pseudopod

Regents Biology

Protist Diversity

� Animal-like Protists

� heterotrophs, predators� Amoeba

� Paramecium

� Stentor

Paramecium with food vacuoles stained red

Regents Biology

� Stentor

Amoeba ingesting a Paramecium

Protist Diversity

� Plant-like Protists

� autotrophs, photosynthesis

� Euglena

� algae

� diatoms

Regents Biology

� diatoms

Protist Diversity

� Parasitic & pathogen Protists

� malaria

� Giardia

� trypanosomes

Plasmodium

Regents Biology

Giardia

Trypanosoma

Protist Diversity

� Beneficial & necessary Protists

� phytoplankton

� small algae + diatoms

� much of the world’s photosynthesis

� produces ~90% of atmospheric oxygen

Regents Biology

� produces ~90% of atmospheric oxygen

� zooplankton

� heterotroph protists

� key ecological role at base of marine food web

Mmmmmm!Keeps me goin’!

Kingdom: Animals

Complex Eukaryotes

2007-

2008

DomainBacteria

DomainArchaea

DomainEukarya

Common ancestor

Complex Eukaryotes

Animal Characteristics

� Heterotrophs

� must ingest others for nutrients

� Multicellular

� complex bodiescomplex bodies

� No cell walls

� allows active movement

� Sexual reproduction

sponges jellyfish flatworms roundworms mollusks segmentedworms

insectsspiders

starfish vertebrates

segmented body internal skeleton

Animal Evolution

many-celled

Ancestral Protist

tissues

left-right symmetry

separate digestive system

Invertebrate: Porifera

� Sponges

� no organized tissues or organs

� food goes in & waste comes out same opening

food taken into each cell separately

comes out same opening

Invertebrate: Cnidaria

� Jellyfish, hydra, sea anemone, coral

� tissues, but no organs

� two cell layers

� predators

� tentacles surround mouth opening

� digested material absorbed into cells

Invertebrate: Platyhelminthes

� Flatworms

� tapeworm, planaria

� mostly parasitic

� digestive tube

tapeworm

� now have separate mouth & anus

Invertebrate: Nematoda

� Roundworms

� digestive tube

� have separate mouth & anus

� many are parasitic

hookworm� hookworm

Invertebrate: Mollusca

� Mollusks

� clams, snails, squid

� soft bodies, mostly protected by hard shells

� digestive tube

Invertebrate: Annelida

� Segmented worms

� earthworms, leeches

� segments are all the same

� digestive tube

fan worm leech

Invertebrate: Arthropoda

� Spiders, insects, crustaceans

� most successful animal group

� segmented

� allows jointed legs & arms

� exoskeleton

Arthropod groupsarachnids8 legs, 2 body partsspiders, ticks, scorpions

insects6 legs, 3 body parts

crustaceansgills, 2 pairs antennaecrab, lobster, barnacles, shrmp

Invertebrate: Echinodermata

� Starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumber

� radial symmetry

� spiny exoskeleton

� Vertebrates

� fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

� internal bony skeleton

� backbone

skull-encased brain

Vertebrata

becomes brain & spinal cord

� skull-encased brain

becomes vertebrae

becomes gills or Eustachian tube

becomes tail or tailbone

Oh, look…your first

baby picture!

Vertebrates: FishLampreys, salmon, trout, sharks450 mya

� Characteristics

� body structure

� paired fins

� scales

� body function

gills

body

� breathe with gills

� two-chambered heart

� cold-blooded (ectotherm)

� reproduction

� external fertilization

� external development in aquatic egg

lung

buccalcavity

glottisclosed

Vertebrates: Amphibian

� Characteristics

� body structure� legs (walk on land)

� moist skin

� body function� breathe with lungs & through skin

frogssalamanders toads

350 mya

� breathe with lungs & through skin

� three-chambered heart

� cold-blooded (ectotherm)

� reproduction� external fertilization

� external development in aquatic egg

� metamorphosis (tadpole to adult)

Vertebrates: Reptiles� Characteristics

� body structure� dry skin, scales, armor (shells)

� body function� breathe with lungs

� three-chambered heart

250 myadinosaurs, turtles lizards, snakesalligators, crocodile

� three-chambered heart

� cold-blooded (ectotherm)

� reproduction� internal fertilization

� external development in hard-shelled egg

embryoleatheryshell

chorion

allantoisyolk sac

amnion

Vertebrates: Birds� Characteristics

� body structure� feathers & wings

� thin, hollow bone;flight skeleton

� body function

150 myafinches, hawk ostrich, turkey

� body function� very efficient lungs & air sacs

� four-chambered heart

� warm-blooded (endotherm)

� reproduction� internal fertilization

� external development in hard-shelled egg

trachea

anteriorair sacs

lung

posteriorair sacs

Vertebrates: Mammals� Characteristics

� body structure� hair

� specialized teeth

� body function� breathe with lungs, diaphragm

220 mya / 65 myamice, ferret elephants, batswhales, humans

musclescontract

� breathe with lungs, diaphragm

� four-chambered heart

� warm-blooded (endoderm)

� reproduction� internal fertilization

� internal development in uterus

� nourishment through placenta

� birth live young

� mammary glands make milk

diaphragmcontracts

That’s the buzz…

AnyAnyQuestions?