PS 2A03 (2010) Lecture 2.2: Peace, Justpeace & Cultures of Peace II

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    Wednesday 15 September 2010Lecture 2.2: Peace, Justpeace & Cultures of Peace II

    PS 2A03: Conict TransformationDr Colin Salter, Centre for Peace Studies, McMaster University

    Broader goals...Peace, Justpeace & Cultures of Peace II

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    Outline

    Justpeace

    The InterdependenceGap

    The Justice Gap

    Structural violence

    Cultural violence

    The Process-structure Gap

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    What change will peace bring us?

    What is to be expected from this peace? John Paul Lederach (1999)

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    First, objective assessment suggests there are signicantgaps in our capacity to build and sustain peaceinitiatives.

    Second, direct interaction with these processesprovokes contagious hope.

    John Paul Lederach (1999)

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    John Paul Lederach (1999)

    The Interdependence Gap

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    The Justice Gap

    Structural violence Cultural violence

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    Violence with a clear-subject-object relation is manifestbecause it is visible in action. It is personal becausethere are persons committing the violence.

    Violence without subject-object relations is structural,built into structure.

    Johan Galtung (1969)

    Structural violence

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    Disparities, disabilities, and deaths result when systems,institutions, policies or cultural beliefs meet some

    peoples human needs and human rights at the expenseof others. Structural violence creates relationships thatcause secondary violence to occur.

    Lisa Schirch (2004)

    Structural violence

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    Cultural violence means those aspects of culture, thesymbolic fear of our existence that can be used to

    justify or legitimise direct or structural violence. Johan Galtung (1990)

    Cultural violence

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    http://minorjive.typepad.com/hungryblues/2005/09/in_new_orleans_.html

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    Two photographs of New Orleans residents wadingthrough chest-deep water unleashed a wave of chatteramong bloggers Wednesday about whether black people are being treated unfairly in media coverage...

    Aaron Kinney (2005)

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    AFP/Getty Images caption: Two residents wadethrough chest-deep water after nding breadand soda from a local grocery store after

    Hurricane Katrina came through the area inNew Orleans, Louisiana. (AFP/Getty Images/Chris Graythen)

    Posted on Yahoo news, Tuesday 30 August 2005, 3:47 AM ET

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    AP caption: A young man walks through chest deep ood water after looting agrocery store in New Orleans on Tuesday, Aug. 30, 2005. Flood waters continue torise in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina did extensive damage when it madelandfall on Monday. (AP Photo/Dave Martin)

    Posted on Yahoo news, Tuesday 30 August 2005, 11:31 AM ET

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    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zIUzLpO1kxI

    On September 2, 2005, during A Concert

    for Hurricane Relief , a benet concert forHurricane Katrina on NBC, Kanye West,a featured speaker, deviated from theprepared script...

    Kanye West

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    ...and dont forget its not looting if youre whiteAaron Kinney (2005)

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    injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhereMartin Luther King Jr. (1963)

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    Bernedette Muthien (n.d.)

    Violence triangle

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    A reduction in direct violence often exposes structuralviolence.

    Structures are largely left unchanged.

    Social and economic justice goals are not met.

    Peace comprises social justice.

    The Justice Gap

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    Transformation insinuates that something not desired is

    changing, taking new form.Resolution lends itself to a metaphor that suggests ourgoal is to end something not desired.

    The Process-Structure Gap

    John Paul Lederach (1999)

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    When you stand up to your knees in a river... it rushesaround your legs with force and power, changing likethe essence of water itself to get around any obstacle

    put in its way.On the other hand if you stand high on a mountain, orposition yourself at a window of an airplane and look down at the river from a long distance what you see is

    the shape and form it has carved in the land.

    A metaphor

    John Paul Lederach (1999)

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    From a distance a river looks static. You see it as astructure not a dynamic process.

    This is a process-structure.

    A river is dynamic, adaptive and changing while at thesame time carving a structure with direction andpurpose.

    A metaphor

    John Paul Lederach (1999)

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    Summary

    Justpeace

    Structural violence

    Cultural violence The justice gap

    Interdependence & process-structure

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    Fridays class

    Come to class having read the subject guide, paying

    attention to the assessment requirements.

    We will discuss these I will respond to yourquestions.

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    Citations & further readingohn Paul Lederach (1999) Justpeace, in People Building Peace: 35 Inspiring Stories fromround the World . European Centre for Conict Prevention/International Books.

    Bernedette Muthien (n.d.) Engendering security, Engender: a powerful expression of potential and action.http://www.engender.org.za/publications/engenderingsecurity.html

    ohan Galtung (1969) VIolence, peace and peace research, Journal of Peace Research,Vol. 6, No. 3: 167-91.

    ohan Galtung (1990) Cultural violence, Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 27, No. 3:

    291-305.

    Martin Luther King Jr., Letter from Birmingham Jail, in David P. Barash, Approaches toPeace: a reader in Peace Studies, second edition, Oxford university Press: 171-6

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    Citations & further readingAaron Kinney (2005) "Looting" or "nding"? Bloggers are outraged over thedifferent captions on photos of blacks and whites in New Orleans, Salon, 1September.http://dir.salon.com/story/news/feature/2005/09/01/photo_controversy/index.html

    Lisa Schirch (2004) The Little Book of Strategic Peacebuilding , Good Books.

    Shockroc1 (2005) Bush Doesnt Care About Black People, Youtube,http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zIUzLpO1kxI

    various (2005) Controversy over New Orleans photos captions, Wikinews, 2

    September.http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Controversy_over_New_Orleans_photos_captions

    (cont)

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    Image sources

    Dave Boldingers Cartoons & Stuff http://www.dbaldinger.com/opinion_cartoons/second_page/dear_world.html

    ames Garvin Ellis. Rodney Powell (standing) talks with other sit-in participants at Walgreens drugstore in Nashville,Tennessee, Friday March 25, 1960 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville_sit-ins

    Greenpeace, Electronics Dirty Secret http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/multimedia/slideshows/electronincs-dirty-secret/

    Marc Riboud. Jan Rose Kasmir, protest against the Vietnam War outside the Pentagon, Arlington County, Virginia, Saturday,21 October 21, 1967 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Rose_Kasmir

    Shaney Komulainen. Canadian soldier Patrick Cloutier and Saskatchewan Native Brad Laroque alias 'Freddy Kruger'come face to face in a tense standoff at the Kahnesatake reserve in Oka, Quebec, Saturday September 1, 1990 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oka_Crisis

    Ofce of International Research, ASta Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg in Marburg, Johan Galtung http://www.students.uni-marburg.de/~Rik/homepage/willkommen.html

    Iceberg from Media for Peacebuilding http://mediaforpeacebuilding.com/peace-media-2/1-peace-conict-theory/

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