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PSEUDOMONAS PSEUDOMONAS

PSEUDOMONAS. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Other species of pseudomonas are Other

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Page 1: PSEUDOMONAS. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Other species of pseudomonas are Other

PSEUDOMONASPSEUDOMONAS

Page 2: PSEUDOMONAS. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Other species of pseudomonas are Other

Pseudomonas Pseudomonas aeruginosaaeruginosa

Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa.Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa.

Other species of pseudomonas areOther species of pseudomonas are

1. Pseudomonas cepacia1. Pseudomonas cepacia

2. Pseudomonas maltophilia2. Pseudomonas maltophilia

3. Pseudomonas pseudomallei3. Pseudomonas pseudomallei

Page 3: PSEUDOMONAS. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Other species of pseudomonas are Other

PropertiesProperties::

1. Pseudomonas is a gram negative 1. Pseudomonas is a gram negative rodrod

with polar flagellawith polar flagella

2. It is strict or obligate aerobe unlike 2. It is strict or obligate aerobe unlike

thethe

members of enterobacteriacea.members of enterobacteriacea.

Therefore it gets its energy throughTherefore it gets its energy through

aerobic processes and not throughaerobic processes and not through

fermentation.fermentation.

3. It is lactose non fermenter3. It is lactose non fermenter

Page 4: PSEUDOMONAS. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Other species of pseudomonas are Other

Gram-stained Pseudomonas Gram-stained Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria (pink-red aeruginosa bacteria (pink-red

rods).rods).

Page 5: PSEUDOMONAS. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Other species of pseudomonas are Other

4. Oxidase positive because contains4. Oxidase positive because contains high high

levels of cytochrome oxidase. levels of cytochrome oxidase.

5. 5. It can grow even in tap water with little It can grow even in tap water with little

amount of nutrients.amount of nutrients.

6. 6. It can survive and multiply over a wide

temperature range (20 to 42C) in

almost any environment, including one

with a high salt content.

Page 6: PSEUDOMONAS. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Other species of pseudomonas are Other

P. aeruginosa and cepacia have strong ability to P. aeruginosa and cepacia have strong ability to

withstand the disinfectants. This property also withstand the disinfectants. This property also

makes them commonest nosocomial organism.makes them commonest nosocomial organism.

8. Pseudomonas produces two pigments.8. Pseudomonas produces two pigments.

a. Pyocanin. It gives a blue colour to the pus in a. Pyocanin. It gives a blue colour to the pus in

wounds.wounds.

b. Pyoverdin.( Flourescein). A yellow green b. Pyoverdin.( Flourescein). A yellow green

pigment pigment

which flouresces under ultraviolet light.which flouresces under ultraviolet light.

Page 7: PSEUDOMONAS. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Other species of pseudomonas are Other

In lab these pigments impart agar a blue In lab these pigments impart agar a blue

green colourgreen colour

P. aerugenosa synthesizes both pigments P. aerugenosa synthesizes both pigments

while others produce only pyoverdin.while others produce only pyoverdin.

EpidemiologyEpidemiology::

The primary habitat of P. aeruginosa is the

environment, chiefly found in soil and chiefly found in soil and

water. water.

Also found in 10% people as normal flora of Also found in 10% people as normal flora of

colon.colon.

Page 8: PSEUDOMONAS. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Other species of pseudomonas are Other
Page 9: PSEUDOMONAS. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Other species of pseudomonas are Other

Infections have resulted from the

growth of Pseudomonas in medications,

contact lens solutions, and even in some

disinfectants.

It is responsible for 10-20% nosocomial It is responsible for 10-20% nosocomial

infections.infections.

Commonest cause of hospital acquired Commonest cause of hospital acquired

gram negative pneumonia.gram negative pneumonia.

Page 10: PSEUDOMONAS. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Other species of pseudomonas are Other

PathogenesisPathogenesis:: It mainly causes It mainly causes

1.1. Pneumonia.Pneumonia.

2.2. UTI.UTI.

3.3. Sepsis in immunocompromized patientsSepsis in immunocompromized patients

4.4. Infections in burnt tissues.Infections in burnt tissues.

Pathogenecity is based on multiple virulence Pathogenecity is based on multiple virulence

factors.factors.

1. Endotoxins. Produce sepsis and septic shock.1. Endotoxins. Produce sepsis and septic shock.

2. Exotoxins. Two main exotoxins.2. Exotoxins. Two main exotoxins.

Page 11: PSEUDOMONAS. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Other species of pseudomonas are Other

a. Exotoxin Aa. Exotoxin A

b. Exotoxin S or Exoenzyme Sb. Exotoxin S or Exoenzyme S

Exotoxin A is the best known. It produces tissueExotoxin A is the best known. It produces tissue

necrosis. Impairs protein synthesis of the cells.necrosis. Impairs protein synthesis of the cells.

Exoenzyme S is produced by bacteria mainly in Exoenzyme S is produced by bacteria mainly in

burntburnt

tissues. It acts by damaging cytoskeleton.tissues. It acts by damaging cytoskeleton.

P. aeruginosa strains that posses type III P. aeruginosa strains that posses type III

secretion system are more virulent.secretion system are more virulent.

Page 12: PSEUDOMONAS. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Other species of pseudomonas are Other

Type III secretion systems work Type III secretion systems work through pumps in the bacterial walls. through pumps in the bacterial walls. ExoS is transported through this system.ExoS is transported through this system.

Page 13: PSEUDOMONAS. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Other species of pseudomonas are Other

3. 3. EnzymesEnzymes:: Two enzymes Two enzymes

a.a. Elastase.Elastase.

b.b. Alkaline Protease are important. Alkaline Protease are important.

They are toxic to tissues and facilitate the They are toxic to tissues and facilitate the

invasion of organism into the blood stream. invasion of organism into the blood stream.

Others include lecithinase and Others include lecithinase and

phospholipases.phospholipases.

They appear to act together to break They appear to act together to break

down lipids and lecithindown lipids and lecithin. .

Page 14: PSEUDOMONAS. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Other species of pseudomonas are Other

Clinical findingsClinical findings: : It can cause It can cause infection any where in body but infection any where in body but commonly it causescommonly it causes

1. UTI1. UTI

2. Pneumonia2. Pneumonia

3. Infection in burn wounds. 3. Infection in burn wounds.

When disseminates it causes. When disseminates it causes.

4. Sepsis4. Sepsis

5. Necrotic skin lesions called eccthyma5. Necrotic skin lesions called eccthyma

gangrenosum.gangrenosum.

Page 15: PSEUDOMONAS. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Other species of pseudomonas are Other

6. Also causes endocarditis in patients on 6. Also causes endocarditis in patients on

I.V drugs use.I.V drugs use.

7. Severe external otitis ( malignant otittis 7. Severe external otitis ( malignant otittis

externa) and folliculitis in persons using externa) and folliculitis in persons using

bath tubs and swimming pools.bath tubs and swimming pools.

8. Sever osteochondritis of foot8. Sever osteochondritis of foot

9. Corneal infections in contact lens users9. Corneal infections in contact lens users

Page 16: PSEUDOMONAS. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Other species of pseudomonas are Other

Lab diagnosisLab diagnosis::1. 1. Gram staining.Gram staining.

2. Inoculation of nutrient agar2. Inoculation of nutrient agar

3. Inoculation of selective medium like 3. Inoculation of selective medium like Macconkey’s agar or EBMMacconkey’s agar or EBM

4. Alkaline reaction on TSI agar4. Alkaline reaction on TSI agar

5. Oxidase test is positive5. Oxidase test is positive

6. Fruity or grape like aroma6. Fruity or grape like aroma

Page 17: PSEUDOMONAS. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Other species of pseudomonas are Other

P. aeruginosa isolates may produce three P. aeruginosa isolates may produce three

types of colony. types of colony.

1. Natural isolates from soil or water 1. Natural isolates from soil or water

produce a small, rough colony. produce a small, rough colony.

2. Clinical samples produce a colony with 2. Clinical samples produce a colony with

fried-egg appearance.fried-egg appearance.

Page 18: PSEUDOMONAS. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Other species of pseudomonas are Other

Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonies Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonies on agaron agar

Page 19: PSEUDOMONAS. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Other species of pseudomonas are Other

The soluble blue pigment pyocyanin is The soluble blue pigment pyocyanin is produced by many, but not all, strains produced by many, but not all, strains

of Pseudomonasof Pseudomonas

Page 20: PSEUDOMONAS. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Also known as burkholderia aeruginosa. Other species of pseudomonas are Other

TreatmentTreatment:: Resistant organism so treatment should Resistant organism so treatment should

be done according to C/Sbe done according to C/S However drugs of choice are Ticarcillin However drugs of choice are Ticarcillin

or Piperacillin in combination with or Piperacillin in combination with gentamicin or Amikacingentamicin or Amikacin