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Psy 311: What is Development? 1
What is Development ?
When does development start ? end ? How does development proceed ? What direction does development go ? How open to change is development ? How universal is development ? What causes development ? What discipline studies development?
Psy 311: What is Development? 2
Traditional View of Development
When does development start ?– CONCEPTION
When does development end ?– PHYSICAL MATURITY
Psy 311: What is Development? 3
Traditional View of Development (Cont)
How does development proceed?– NORMATIVE
What direction does development go? – PROGRESSIVE
Psy 311: What is Development? 4
Traditional View of Development (Cont)
How open to change is development?– IRREVERSIBLE
How universal is development ?– UNIVERSAL
Psy 311: What is Development? 5
Traditional View of Development (Cont)
What causes development ?– GENES OR ENVIRONMENT
– MATURATION OR LEARNING What discipline studies development?
– PSYCHOLOGY
Psy 311: What is Development? 6
Life-span View of Development
When does development start ?– CONCEPTION
When does development end ?– DEATH
1. Development is a lifelong process.
Psy 311: What is Development? 7
Life-span View of Development (Cont)
How does development proceed ?– INDIVIDUAL
2. Development is multidirectional.
Psy 311: What is Development? 8
Life-span View of Development (Cont)
What direction does development go?– GAINS AND LOSSES
3. Development involves both gains and losses.
Psy 311: What is Development? 9
Life-span View of Development (Cont)
How open to change is development?– PLASTIC
4. There is much plasticity in human development.
Psy 311: What is Development? 10
Life-span View of Development (Cont)
How universal is development ?– CONTEXT SPECIFIC
5. Development is shaped by historical and cultural context.
Psy 311: What is Development? 11
What Causes Development?
Nature– Biology, genes, heredity
AND Nurture
– Environment, society, context
AND Active Individual
Psy 311: What is Development? 12
Assumptions of a Life-span Perspective (Cont)
6. Development is multiply influenced.
7. Development is influenced by an active individual.
Psy 311: What is Development? 13
Life-span View of Development (Cont)
What disciplines study development ?– PSYCHOLOGY
– BIOLOGY, GENETICS, SOCIOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY, ECONOMICS, EDUCATION, MEDICINE
8. Understanding development requires multiple disciplines.
Psy 311: What is Development? 15
Different Views of Development
Growth vs. Change Birth to maturity vs. Lifespan Normative vs. Individual Progressive vs. Gains and Losses Irreversible vs. Plastic Universal vs. Context Specific
Psy 311: What is Development? 16
CHALLENGE TOLIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENT
CONCEPTION OF DEVELOPMENT– What is the domain of study?
– Can anything and everything be development?
Psy 311: What is Development? 17
Textbook Definition
Systematic changes and continuities in the individual that occur between conception and death.
Psy 311: What is Development? 18
Textbook Definition (Cont)
Systematic – Orderly patterned and relatively
enduring; not temporary or unpredictable.
Continuities – Ways we remain the same or continue
to reflect the past.
Psy 311: What is Development? 19
Textbook Definition (Cont)
Development involves gains, losses, and just plain changes in each phase of the life span.
Psy 311: What is Development? 20
Definitions of Development
Development is a relative concept.
There is no one single correct definition of development.
Psy 311: What is Development? 21
What are WORLD VIEWS?
Assumptions about humans and how they
develop
Psy 311: What is Development? 22
WORLD VIEWS: ASSUMPTIONS
1. HUMAN NATURE– Inherently good or bad
– “blank slate”.
Psy 311: What is Development? 23
WORLD VIEWS: ASSUMPTIONS (Cont)
2. NATURE VS. NURTURE: Heredity Environment Genes Experience Maturation Learning Physiology Society
Biology
Psy 311: What is Development? 24
WORLD VIEWS: ASSUMPTIONS (Cont)
3. ACTIVE VS. PASSIVE PERSON
Psy 311: What is Development? 25
WORLD VIEWS (Cont)
4. CONTINUITY VS. DISCONTINUITY
quantitative, gradual qualitative, abrupt
Psy 311: What is Development? 26
DIFFERENT WORLD VIEWS
Mechanistic Organismic Contextual
Psy 311: What is Development? 27
MECHANISTIC VIEW MODEL: Machine HUMAN NATURE: Blank slate NATURE VS. NURTURE: Nurture ACTIVE VS. PASSIVE: Passive CONTINUOUS VS.
DISCONTINUOUS: Quantitative (Continuous)
Psy 311: What is Development? 29
ORGANISMIC VIEW MODEL: Plant HUMAN NATURE: Good NATURE VS. NURTURE: Nature ACTIVE VS. PASSIVE: Active CONTINUOUS VS.
DISCONTINUOUS: Stages (Discontinuous)
Psy 311: What is Development? 31
CONTEXTUAL VIEW
MODEL: Tennis Match HUMAN NATURE: Both NATURE VS. NURTURE: Both ACTIVE VS. PASSIVE: Active
Person and Context CONTINUOUS VS.
DISCONTINUOUS: Both
Psy 311: What is Development? 32
LAST NAME, first name 1. Define “meta-theory” or “world view”
of development. 2. A scientist’s world view of
development influences his/her (check as many as apply):
a) theory b) the questions they ask c) research d) how they raise their children
Psy 311: What is Development? 33
END
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