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Psychological Theories on Intelligence

Psychological Theories on Intelligence. Defining INTELLIGENCE: a general term referring to the ability or abilities involved in learning an adaptive behavior

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Page 1: Psychological Theories on Intelligence. Defining INTELLIGENCE: a general term referring to the ability or abilities involved in learning an adaptive behavior

Psychological Theories on Intelligence

Page 2: Psychological Theories on Intelligence. Defining INTELLIGENCE: a general term referring to the ability or abilities involved in learning an adaptive behavior

Defining INTELLIGENCE: a general term referring to the ability or abilities involved in learning an adaptive behavior

Psychologists define intelligence: A collection of mental abilities including verbal, problem solving and practical intelligence.

Layman definition:

Same as psychologists but also ADD social competence (interacting well, being open minded)

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Page 3: Psychological Theories on Intelligence. Defining INTELLIGENCE: a general term referring to the ability or abilities involved in learning an adaptive behavior

Charles Spearman’s Theory

• Intelligence is like a well or spring.

• If you are good in one area, you will be good in all areas.

• “nature” view • Very narrow minded

view of intelligence.

Page 4: Psychological Theories on Intelligence. Defining INTELLIGENCE: a general term referring to the ability or abilities involved in learning an adaptive behavior

L.L. Thurstone’s Theory

7 distinct kinds of mental abilities: Spatial Perceptual speedNumerical abilityVerbal meaningMemoryWord fluencyReasoning.

These abilities are independent of one another, but it is assumed that if you are strong in one area you are strong in all areas. All seven = general intelligence

Page 5: Psychological Theories on Intelligence. Defining INTELLIGENCE: a general term referring to the ability or abilities involved in learning an adaptive behavior

J.P. Guilford’s Theory

All mental ability involves one of 5 operations

– Evaluation– Convergent thinking– Divergent thinking– Memory– Cognition

• Use these operations on some type of content to result in some type of product.

These result in up to 120 different kinds of mental activities that define intelligence.

Page 6: Psychological Theories on Intelligence. Defining INTELLIGENCE: a general term referring to the ability or abilities involved in learning an adaptive behavior

Robert Sternberg

• Alice: (Componential Intelligence) – Ability to learn how to do things and carry out

tasks. • Celia: (Contextual Intelligence) – Capitalize on strengths and compensate for

weaknesses. Seek situations that match their skills.

• Barbara: (Experiential Intelligence) – Ability to adjust to new tasks, adapt creatively

and gain insight.

RIGHT BRAIN

LEFTBRAIN

BOTH

Page 7: Psychological Theories on Intelligence. Defining INTELLIGENCE: a general term referring to the ability or abilities involved in learning an adaptive behavior

R.B. Cattell

• Crystalized Intelligence– Reasoning– Verbal – Numerical skills – “school knowledge”– Essentially, LEFT BRAIN

• Fluid Intelligence – Spatial and visual

imagery – Ability to notice visual

details – Essentially, RIGHT BRAIN

Page 8: Psychological Theories on Intelligence. Defining INTELLIGENCE: a general term referring to the ability or abilities involved in learning an adaptive behavior

Howard Gardner

Separate areas of intelligence 1. Logical Mathematical: problem solving, math skills 2. Spatial: ability to imagine relative location, artistic3. Musical: gift for music, rhythms, beats 4. Body Kinesthetic: great with sports, dance,

coordination, learn best through movement5. Interpersonal: able to communicate well among

groups, motivate people, lead6. Intrapersonal: understands self, knows how to obtain

goals, personal reflection7. Linguistic: excels in verbal and language skills8. Naturalistic: understands nature, prefers being

outside, categorizes things

EVERYONE’S SMART! JUST FIND YOUR STRENGTH!

Page 9: Psychological Theories on Intelligence. Defining INTELLIGENCE: a general term referring to the ability or abilities involved in learning an adaptive behavior

Thurstone

Gardner Guilfor

dSpearm

an

Sternberg

Cattell

WHICH PICTURE MATCHES WITH THE THEORIST?

Page 10: Psychological Theories on Intelligence. Defining INTELLIGENCE: a general term referring to the ability or abilities involved in learning an adaptive behavior

Your opinion?

• Which theory or theories do you find most credible in defining intelligence? Why?

Page 11: Psychological Theories on Intelligence. Defining INTELLIGENCE: a general term referring to the ability or abilities involved in learning an adaptive behavior

Take this online MI test

• (packet page 11)• http://literacyworks.org/mi/assessment/findy

ourstrengths.html