PsyOPs Trends After Gulf and Iraq War

8/13/2019 PsyOPs Trends After Gulf and Iraq War

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PsyWar and PsyOps Lessons and

trends from Gulf/ Iraq War

Group 1 Team 31


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Team Members

Maj Abdul Hasib

LTC Duran

Maj Prak Vannak

Maj Isireli

LTC Intal

Maj Zaki

Maj Clement

Maj Mohamed

Maj Abu Bakar

Maj Manizano 2


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Introduction

AIM: To identify the lessons and trends

on PsyWar and PsyOps in Gulf and Iraq

Wars

SCOPE OF

PRESENTATION

Some necessary

Information aboutPsyWar and PsyOps.

PsyWar.

PsyOps

Conclusions and

Lessons 3


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Communication and Information (C4ISR) are tothe 21st century of what coal and oil were in the

20th century PSYOPS is an integral part and a tool of the

Information warfare

In modern wars, it is important to take variousPSYOPS measures, conduct PSYOPS and strikethe En, protect and encourage own psychology soas win a greater victory at a smaller cost

Information About PsyWar/

PsyOps


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PsyOps

For to win one

hundred

victories in one

hundred battles

is not the acmeof skill. To

subdue the

enemy without

fighting is theacme of skill.

Sun Tzu

When you know

soldiers are

trustworthy,

dont let others

alienate them.

Sun Bin


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PsyOps

Psychological War: The planned

use of propaganda and

other psychological actions having the

primary purpose of influencing the

opinions, emotions, attitudes, and

behavior of hostile foreign groups in

such a way as to support the

achievement of national objectives.

Psychological operations: are

planned propaganda operations to

convey selected information andindicators to foreign audiences to

influence their emotions, motives,

objective reasoning, and ultimately the

behaviour of foreign governments,

organisations, groups, and individuals


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PsyOps

PsyOps/ PsyWar

TargetAudiences

Perceptionand

Message

SocialCommunic

ation,Propagand

a and

Publicity


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PsyOps

Social communication: is a field of

study that primarily explores the

ways information can be perceived,

transmitted and understood, and the

impact those ways will have on

a society.Publicity: is the deliberate attempt to

manage the public's perception of a

subject. Itspurpose is to modified a

behaviour

Propaganda: is a form ofcommunication that is aimed at

influencing the attitude of a community

toward some cause or position so as

to benefit oneself. Its purpose is to

modified a belief and inconsequence a behaviour.


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PsyOps

Perception: is the process

by which an organism attains

awareness or understanding

of its environment by

organizing and interpretingsensory information.

Message: is a persuasive

subject or symbol aimed

toward a target audience.

Target Audience: a group ofindividuals with common

objectives, demographic or

geographic characteristics


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PsyOps

Perception: is the process

by which an organism attains

awareness or understanding

of its environment by

organizing and interpretingsensory information.

Message: is a persuasive

subject or symbol aimed

toward a target audience.

Target Audience: a group ofindividuals with common

objectives, demographic or

geographic characteristics


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PsyOps

Social Communication

CommercialPublicity

InstitutionsPublicity

PsyWarPsyOps

Operational

PsyOpsTactical

Message

Subject Symbol


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PsyOps

White Propaganda:

the stated source is

the true source

Grey Propaganda:

no stated source, is

anonymous

Black Propaganda: the

stated source is NOT the

true source.


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Psychological War in Gulf

War

Side TargetAudience

Message Effect

Coalition

UN Saddam is a danger forDemocracy

The invasion

legitimated the UN

resolution

US People Fight for liberty. Saddam a NewHitler. No VN Opportunity toovercome VN

Coalition Kuwait liberation Legitimacy

Iraq Saddam is a dictator, leavehim.

No effects. Shiites,

Kurds

Iraq

Government

Iraqi peopleJust War against colonialism

and Zionism

Keep the people

together

US The mother of All BattlesComparison with VN

Affect some anti war

groups

Arab People US defended the Zionist'sinterest. Holy war.

No effect, even after

fired Scud to Israel

UN Kuwait is part of Iraq No effects. Nolegitimacy


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Psychological Operations in

Gulf War

Side TargetAudience

Message Effect

Coalition Iraqi Troops

Saddam is a dictator, dont die

for Saddam, give up your

weapons

Leave Saddam and return to

your family

87.000 POWs, most

of them with coalition

safe-conducts

Overwhelming power of

coalition weapons

The main attack is from the sea Some divisions were

hold defended shores

Iraq

Government

Coalition

troops

The weather and the Iraqitroops kill them

No effect

The mother of All Battles

Comparison with VN

No effect

Iraqi TroopsDont believe the coalition

propaganda.

This only awakened

the interest of Iraqi

troops


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Gulf War


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Gulf War


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OPSIC USAThe Bunker Mission.One PsyOps team attached to 101 Airborne Div

The advance was stopped by the stubborn resistance

of a fortified Iraqi position. It was attacked and

shelled for 4 hours without results

The PsyOps team thrown leaflets and broadcasted by

loudspeakers after that 435 Iraqi soldiers becomePOW.

Psychological War in Iraq

War


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War

Side TargetAudience

Message Effect

Allied

UN Saddam is a danger becausehe has WMD

No WMD, no effect,

no legitimating

US People Saddam supports terrorists Opportunity to

overcome 11SCoalition Democracy and Freedom for

Iraqi people

Legitimacy

Iraqi People Saddam is a dictator, leavehim.

Great effects in Kurds

Iraq

Government

Iraqi people Just War against colonialismand Zionism

Keep the people

together

US The mother of All BattlesComparison with VN

Affect some anti war

groups

Arab People US defended the Zionist'sinterest. Holy war.

Almost all Arabs

nations against US

UN No Right to intervene in internalaffairs. No WMD No UNSC resolution


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War

Michael Prysner denounced

many US war crimes andCapitalism flaws . Looking for

him in internet we know:

Hes running for a political

appointment

He was a radar operator and

never was in battle


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War

The message of Abu Ghraib was The

americans do the same as Saddam did. It

represents a serious defeat for US PsyWar
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Abu_Ghraib_56.jpg


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War

Embedded journalism refers

to news reporters being attached

to military units involved

in armed conflicts.

Mutual understanding of twocultures, the military (to hide

information) and the journalist

(to share information).

A Journalist saidWewere a

propaganda arm of ourgovernments. At the start the

censors enforced that, but by the

end we were our own censors.

We were cheerleaders.


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War

Support our soldiers who risk their lives.

The army included men and women and of all races. All defend thecountry.

It omits to make references to the Bush administration


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Iraq War (before Bagdad)

Side TargetAudience

Message Effect

Coalition

Iraqi Troops Saddam is a dictator, dont

die for Saddam, give up

your weapons

Leave Saddam and returnto your family

No many POWs.

Iraqi troops fought

for their homeland

Overwhelming power of

coalition weapons

Troops who employ WMD

should be punished

No WMD

Iraqi People Dont interfere with coalition

operations

Overthrow Saddam

Not interference.

Support of Kurds

Iraq

Government

Coalition

troops

NSTR

Iraqi Troops NSTR


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Iraq War


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Iraq War


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Iraq War


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Iraq War (After Bagdad)

Side TargetAudience

Message Effect

Coalition

Iraqi

resistance

Terrorist should be killed Terrorist and

civilians were killedZarqawi fight for his own

interest

Iraqi People Dont support terrorist.

Terrorism prevent the

rebuilding

Recruitment campaign for

new Iraqi Army

Roughly successful

Iraqi

Resistance

Coalitiontroops

Bloody and protracted war Some countrieswithdraw their

troops

Iraqi People Recruitment. Civilian

resistance

It was make easier

thanks the

collateral damage


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Iraq War


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Iraq War


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Iraq War


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The 1991 Gulf War(US Army PSYOPS)

Try to win domestic and international support and create conditions for the legalmil actions

Show off mil i tary power and create psychological deterrence

Create a psychological shock by means of continuous and intensive mil i tary stri ke

Launch propaganda warfare to disintegrate the moral of the En

Coali tion forces worked extensively with Saudi, Kuwaiti , and other partners, to besure psychological operations were cul turall y and linguistically appropriate.

Psychological Operations was extremely valuable dur ing the Gul f War due to theI raqi mi l i tary' s desire to avoid combat. Thr ough leaflets and loudspeakerbroadcasts, PSYOP for ces walked many enemy soldiers through successfulsurrender.

Lessons


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The 1991 Gul f War

(I raq PSYOPS)

Utilized the national and religiouscontradiction to launch a Holy War againstthe US

Utilized the contradiction bet the Arabic

countries and Israel to disintegrate the anti-Iraq alliance

Lessons


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PSYOPS W R F REOF IR Q RMY

Take advantage of hostage and chemical

weapons issues to launch psychological

deterrence warfare (War Crime)

Lessons


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I raq War 2003

(US Army PSYOPS)

Subdue the En without fighting Win maximum success at min cost

Lessons


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I raq War 2003

Arguably the most visible image of the 2003 invasion of I raq was thetoppling of a statue of Saddam Husseinin F ir dos Squarein central

Baghdad. While media coverage of the event, at f irst glance, gave the

impression that the act was a spontaneous action of the citizens ofthe city, it was actually an idea hatched by an Army psychologicaloperations team.

Allegations sur faced that the group of people sur rounding the statue

and cheer ing was in fact smaller than it was made out to be in theoff icial story, and that the group were by some accounts not local tothe area but were instead brought in by the mili tary for the specif icpurpose of watching and lending credence to the planned toppling.

PSYOPS conducted in the I raq War resul ted in approximately 40percent of the I raqi Force either laid down their arms or deserted.

Lessons
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firdos_Square_statue_destructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firdos_Squarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firdos_Squarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firdos_Squarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firdos_Squarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firdos_Square_statue_destruction


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The 2003 I raq War

(I raq Army PSYOPS)

Saddams live TV interview to counter

US PSYOPS

Exposure of the US captives

Broadcast news to make a psychologicalcompetition in public opinions

Lessons


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Just warTo gain support from the world

community.

The need to demoral ize the enemy.

The need to counter enemys PsyOps.

The need to have our own broadcast or satel l i te.

The importance of controll ing the Media.

To have good relationship with Media.

Lessons


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The current goals for PsyWar are: to break enemycohesion and the credibility and legitimacy of the

source.

In PsyOps, propaganda is the rifle and messages are

bullets.The Information technology helps more in PsyWar

than PsyOps. In the battlefield soldiers in foxholes have

not internet, so the leaflets, loudspeakers and face to

face are useful.

Black and Gray propaganda are very difficult in

information technology environment.

Conclusions


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Lack of strong values in target audiences make easy thePsyOps. So, is not worth to make counterpropaganda. Is

better to enforce the values of troops and to give reasons to

fight.

Counter propaganda culture: ever time you are object of

Enemy propaganda you must ask yourself Who said and

Why said it.

You never lie in PsyOps, you only could manipulate the

true.

The assessment of the perception in different cultures ythe main flaw in US PsyOps

Every Military action has a, desirable or not desirable,

psychological effect. However, in asymmetric warfare, the

resistance actions are planned to has a psychological effectwhatever are the nature of them.

Conclusions


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In PsyOps, If you are predictable, you are boring and yourpropaganda is easy to defeat.

Viet Nam War

Kosovo War

Gulf and Iraq Wars

Conclusions


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In PsyOps, If yours messages are contradictory you lost credibility.

.So, It is or not the only Pic??

Conclusions


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PsyOps product are not Big Macs, this products depends of eachculture and some creativity is not a bad idea.

Haiti PsyOps Gulf PsyOps

Conclusions

Documents

PsyOPs Trends After Gulf and Iraq War