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Quality Assurance System of Quality Assurance System of Graduate Education in China: An Graduate Education in China: An Overview Overview Shi Zhongying Ph.D. Shi Zhongying Ph.D. Deputy Dean of Graduate School, Deputy Dean of Graduate School, Beijing Normal Beijing Normal University(BNU),Beijing, China. University(BNU),Beijing, China. [email protected] [email protected]

Quality Assurance System of Graduate Education in China: An Overview Shi Zhongying Ph.D. Deputy Dean of Graduate School, Beijing Normal University(BNU),Beijing,

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Page 1: Quality Assurance System of Graduate Education in China: An Overview Shi Zhongying Ph.D. Deputy Dean of Graduate School, Beijing Normal University(BNU),Beijing,

Quality Assurance System of Graduate Quality Assurance System of Graduate Education in China: An Overview Education in China: An Overview

Shi Zhongying Ph.D.Shi Zhongying Ph.D.Deputy Dean of Graduate School,Deputy Dean of Graduate School,

Beijing Normal University(BNU),Beijing, Beijing Normal University(BNU),Beijing, China.China.

[email protected]@bnu.edu.cn

Page 2: Quality Assurance System of Graduate Education in China: An Overview Shi Zhongying Ph.D. Deputy Dean of Graduate School, Beijing Normal University(BNU),Beijing,

OutlineOutline

Introduction Introduction External Quality Assurance System (QAS)External Quality Assurance System (QAS) Internal QASInternal QAS Challenge on External QASChallenge on External QAS Challenge on Internal QASChallenge on Internal QAS Prospective on QAS of Graduate Education Prospective on QAS of Graduate Education

Page 3: Quality Assurance System of Graduate Education in China: An Overview Shi Zhongying Ph.D. Deputy Dean of Graduate School, Beijing Normal University(BNU),Beijing,

Introduction Introduction

Quality of graduate education has been questioned for Quality of graduate education has been questioned for the latest decade. To some extent, quality of graduate the latest decade. To some extent, quality of graduate education is very important to ensure continually education is very important to ensure continually academic development. How to define the concept of academic development. How to define the concept of graduate education quality? How to ensure the defined graduate education quality? How to ensure the defined quality of graduate education? How to improve the quality of graduate education? How to improve the quality of graduate education via quality assurance quality of graduate education via quality assurance activities? And how to improve communication, dialogue activities? And how to improve communication, dialogue and understanding among different graduate education and understanding among different graduate education quality assurance systems? We should explore above quality assurance systems? We should explore above questions and seek for commonsense, which is believed questions and seek for commonsense, which is believed to be the solid base of international graduate education to be the solid base of international graduate education cooperation in the globally. cooperation in the globally.

Page 4: Quality Assurance System of Graduate Education in China: An Overview Shi Zhongying Ph.D. Deputy Dean of Graduate School, Beijing Normal University(BNU),Beijing,

Two Types of Quality Two Types of Quality Assurance SystemAssurance System

Quality assurance is a series of activities, which Quality assurance is a series of activities, which intend to ensure the realization of expected intend to ensure the realization of expected goals. Usually, Quality assurance include policy-goals. Usually, Quality assurance include policy-making, financial support, human resources making, financial support, human resources training, quality assessment, quality control training, quality assessment, quality control improvement, etc. improvement, etc.

It is well known there are two types of quality It is well known there are two types of quality assurance system:assurance system:

External quality assurance system, which External quality assurance system, which ensure the quality control from outside of the ensure the quality control from outside of the system,system,

Internal quality assurance which ensure the Internal quality assurance which ensure the quality from inside of the system. quality from inside of the system.

Page 5: Quality Assurance System of Graduate Education in China: An Overview Shi Zhongying Ph.D. Deputy Dean of Graduate School, Beijing Normal University(BNU),Beijing,

External Quality Assurance External Quality Assurance System in ChinaSystem in China

Two levels Two levels The State Council Academic Degrees Committee The State Council Academic Degrees Committee

[([(SCADCSCADC)/Ministry of Education ()/Ministry of Education (MoEMoE)] –)] –The National levelThe National level The Office of State Council Academic Degrees Committee The Office of State Council Academic Degrees Committee

and the Post-graduate Department of MoE are steering and the Post-graduate Department of MoE are steering institutions. There are two institutions but one team. institutions. There are two institutions but one team.

The local Academic Degrees Committee/the department of The local Academic Degrees Committee/the department of education - education - Provincial levelProvincial level The steering institution is the office of local Academic The steering institution is the office of local Academic Degrees Committee and the division of high education or Degrees Committee and the division of high education or graduate education.graduate education.

Page 6: Quality Assurance System of Graduate Education in China: An Overview Shi Zhongying Ph.D. Deputy Dean of Graduate School, Beijing Normal University(BNU),Beijing,

External Quality Assurance External Quality Assurance ActivitiesActivities

1.1. Legislation on Graduate EducationLegislation on Graduate Education Legislation organizationLegislation organization :: The National The National

People's Congress (NPC) or the Local People’s People's Congress (NPC) or the Local People’s Congress.Congress.

Regulations about graduate educationRegulations about graduate education:: Regulations for Academic Degrees and Regulations for Academic Degrees and

Graduate Education in the P.R.China(1980)Graduate Education in the P.R.China(1980) Implement Approaches to Regulations for Implement Approaches to Regulations for

Academic Degrees and Graduate Education in Academic Degrees and Graduate Education in the P.R.China(1981)the P.R.China(1981)

Page 7: Quality Assurance System of Graduate Education in China: An Overview Shi Zhongying Ph.D. Deputy Dean of Graduate School, Beijing Normal University(BNU),Beijing,

External Quality Assurance External Quality Assurance ActivitiesActivities

2. Program Authorization2. Program Authorization Authorizing Institution of Doctoral ProgramAuthorizing Institution of Doctoral Program

The State Council Academic Degrees CommitteeThe State Council Academic Degrees Committee

Authorizing Institution of Master ProgramAuthorizing Institution of Master Program

(including reach master and professional(including reach master and professional

master program)master program)

The Local Academic Degree CommitteeThe Local Academic Degree Committee

Page 8: Quality Assurance System of Graduate Education in China: An Overview Shi Zhongying Ph.D. Deputy Dean of Graduate School, Beijing Normal University(BNU),Beijing,

External Quality Assurance External Quality Assurance ActivitiesActivities

33. Periodically Program Assessment. Periodically Program Assessment Period Cycle: 6 yearsPeriod Cycle: 6 years Organized by the State Council Academic Degrees Organized by the State Council Academic Degrees

Committee. Periodically program assessment on master Committee. Periodically program assessment on master education is authorized to local academic degrees education is authorized to local academic degrees committees.committees.

The results of Periodically Program AssessmentThe results of Periodically Program Assessment (1) Pass, which means qualified program could continue (1) Pass, which means qualified program could continue

to enroll graduate students.to enroll graduate students. (2) Fail, which means unqualified program has to be (2) Fail, which means unqualified program has to be

cancelled for ever. cancelled for ever. (3) Conditionally Pass, which means assessed program (3) Conditionally Pass, which means assessed program

must stop enrolling graduate students, however it could must stop enrolling graduate students, however it could have a chance to be re-assessed two years later.have a chance to be re-assessed two years later.

Page 9: Quality Assurance System of Graduate Education in China: An Overview Shi Zhongying Ph.D. Deputy Dean of Graduate School, Beijing Normal University(BNU),Beijing,

External Quality Assurance External Quality Assurance ActivitiesActivities

4. Program Ranking4. Program Ranking Authorized by the State Council Academic Authorized by the State Council Academic

Degrees Committee, China Academic Degrees Degrees Committee, China Academic Degrees and Graduate Education Centre is responsible and Graduate Education Centre is responsible for program ranking. According to selected for program ranking. According to selected standards, based on objective data, this centre standards, based on objective data, this centre would report the rank of all graduate programs. would report the rank of all graduate programs. Program ranking would help universities and Program ranking would help universities and stakeholders understand priority and weakness stakeholders understand priority and weakness of a certain program. More important, it could of a certain program. More important, it could help undergraduate or master students to select help undergraduate or master students to select appropriate program to apply for. appropriate program to apply for.

Page 10: Quality Assurance System of Graduate Education in China: An Overview Shi Zhongying Ph.D. Deputy Dean of Graduate School, Beijing Normal University(BNU),Beijing,

External Quality Assurance External Quality Assurance ActivitiesActivities

5. Award for Excellent Doctoral Dissertation5. Award for Excellent Doctoral Dissertation The Department of Graduate Education of MoE The Department of Graduate Education of MoE

is responsible for this project. From 1999, It has is responsible for this project. From 1999, It has selected and awarded 100 excellent doctoral selected and awarded 100 excellent doctoral dissertations each year. If one dissertation dissertations each year. If one dissertation would be selected as excellent doctoral would be selected as excellent doctoral dissertation, its author would receive research dissertation, its author would receive research fund, from 50,000 to 100,000 US dollars. It aims fund, from 50,000 to 100,000 US dollars. It aims to encourage doctoral researchers to continue to encourage doctoral researchers to continue his/her academic path and improve the quality of his/her academic path and improve the quality of doctoral education.doctoral education.

Page 11: Quality Assurance System of Graduate Education in China: An Overview Shi Zhongying Ph.D. Deputy Dean of Graduate School, Beijing Normal University(BNU),Beijing,

List of List of Award for Excellent Doctoral Award for Excellent Doctoral Dissertations (selected)Dissertations (selected)

rankrank UniversityUniversity 20020066

20072007 20082008 20092009 20102010 totaltotal

11 Tsinghua Tsinghua 99 1111 99 66 88 9696

22 PekingPeking 55 33 66 55 44 7676

33 FudanFudan 55 44 22 11 33 5151

44 ZhejiangZhejiang 55 33 44 22 44 4040

55 NanjingNanjing 33 11 22 11 66 3535

66 USTCUSTC 55 11 44 22 44 3333

77 Shanghai Shanghai JiaotongJiaotong

11 22 33 33 44 2727

88 RenminRenmin 22 22 22 11 00 2525

99 Xi’an Xi’an JiaotongJiaotong

22 22 11 22 11 2222

1010 ZhongshanZhongshan 22 33 22 22 00 2121

1313 Beijing Beijing NormalNormal

11 22 11 22 00 1717

Page 12: Quality Assurance System of Graduate Education in China: An Overview Shi Zhongying Ph.D. Deputy Dean of Graduate School, Beijing Normal University(BNU),Beijing,

Internal Quality Assurance Internal Quality Assurance System in ChinaSystem in China

Three levels Three levels

1. University level1. University levelUniversity Academic Degree Committee/Graduate SchoolUniversity Academic Degree Committee/Graduate School

2. College level2. College level

College Academic Degree Committee/college leadersCollege Academic Degree Committee/college leaders

3. Supervisors3. Supervisors

Page 13: Quality Assurance System of Graduate Education in China: An Overview Shi Zhongying Ph.D. Deputy Dean of Graduate School, Beijing Normal University(BNU),Beijing,

Internal Quality Assurance Internal Quality Assurance ActivitiesActivities

1.Quality of Enrollment:1.Quality of Enrollment:Ratio of graduate students from “985 project” and “211 Ratio of graduate students from “985 project” and “211 project” universitiesproject” universities

2.Supervisor selection: 2.Supervisor selection: Reference to his/her degree, supervision experience, Reference to his/her degree, supervision experience,

research program, academic influence, published articles research program, academic influence, published articles and books, etc.and books, etc.

3.Curriculum and teaching Service3.Curriculum and teaching ServiceEvaluation of students satisfactionEvaluation of students satisfaction

4.Examination in the middle term 4.Examination in the middle term Evaluation of performance, credits, research program, etc.Evaluation of performance, credits, research program, etc.

Page 14: Quality Assurance System of Graduate Education in China: An Overview Shi Zhongying Ph.D. Deputy Dean of Graduate School, Beijing Normal University(BNU),Beijing,

Internal Quality Assurance Internal Quality Assurance ActivitiesActivities

5.Examination and comments on dissertation5.Examination and comments on dissertation Anonymous examination and voteAnonymous examination and vote

6.Methodology and Ethics6.Methodology and Ethics

Methodology curriculum and ethical examinationMethodology curriculum and ethical examination

7. Financial Aid7. Financial Aid

8. Employment Promotion8. Employment Promotion

Follow up employmentFollow up employment

Page 15: Quality Assurance System of Graduate Education in China: An Overview Shi Zhongying Ph.D. Deputy Dean of Graduate School, Beijing Normal University(BNU),Beijing,

Challenge on External Quality Challenge on External Quality Assurance SystemAssurance System

Revision of Regulations for Academic Degrees Revision of Regulations for Academic Degrees and Graduate Education in the P.R.China(1980) and Graduate Education in the P.R.China(1980)

Legitimacy of program authorization systemLegitimacy of program authorization system Fairness and weakness of program rankingFairness and weakness of program ranking Fairness and efficiency issues in the process of Fairness and efficiency issues in the process of

select excellent doctoral dissertationsselect excellent doctoral dissertations Unexpected and negative influences on Unexpected and negative influences on

university performanceuniversity performance

Page 16: Quality Assurance System of Graduate Education in China: An Overview Shi Zhongying Ph.D. Deputy Dean of Graduate School, Beijing Normal University(BNU),Beijing,

Challenge on internal Quality Challenge on internal Quality Assurance SystemAssurance System

Fairness issues in enrollmentFairness issues in enrollment Standard process of supervisor selectionStandard process of supervisor selection Role of graduate students as so-called curriculum Role of graduate students as so-called curriculum

and teaching service consumerand teaching service consumer Low ratio of exclusion in middle-term examinationLow ratio of exclusion in middle-term examination Low ratio of exclusion in dissertation evaluation and Low ratio of exclusion in dissertation evaluation and

comments. comments. Indiscriminately copy in curriculum papers and Indiscriminately copy in curriculum papers and

dissertation.dissertation. Employment issueEmployment issue Psychological and mental problemsPsychological and mental problems Unbalanced ratio between male and female students Unbalanced ratio between male and female students

Page 17: Quality Assurance System of Graduate Education in China: An Overview Shi Zhongying Ph.D. Deputy Dean of Graduate School, Beijing Normal University(BNU),Beijing,

Trends of Doctor Employment (2006-2010) Trends of Doctor Employment (2006-2010) (( A Case of BNUA Case of BNU))

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2006 (509)年 2007 (576)年 2008 (481)年 2009 (603)年 2010 (652)年

单位:人

军队、基层及其它

其它事业单位

高教及科研

企业

机关

二次分配及待就业

出国

国内深造

Military and otherPublic fields

University /researchIndustryGov.

Unemployed

OverseaPost- doctor

Page 18: Quality Assurance System of Graduate Education in China: An Overview Shi Zhongying Ph.D. Deputy Dean of Graduate School, Beijing Normal University(BNU),Beijing,

ProspectiveProspective China is in the progress to set up and improve a quality China is in the progress to set up and improve a quality

assurance system of graduate education with its own assurance system of graduate education with its own characteristicscharacteristics

The QAS in China has played a vital role to ensure and The QAS in China has played a vital role to ensure and improve quality of graduate educationimprove quality of graduate education

External quality assurance lay particular emphasis on External quality assurance lay particular emphasis on quality management and control, while internal quality quality management and control, while internal quality assurance on the quality improvementassurance on the quality improvement

One of important goals of internal quality assurance is One of important goals of internal quality assurance is seeking for external quality reputation, which is believed seeking for external quality reputation, which is believed to bring about various resources and benefitsto bring about various resources and benefits

One question is “ Could this kind of internal quality One question is “ Could this kind of internal quality assurance could ensure the quality of graduate assurance could ensure the quality of graduate education indeed?”education indeed?”

Page 19: Quality Assurance System of Graduate Education in China: An Overview Shi Zhongying Ph.D. Deputy Dean of Graduate School, Beijing Normal University(BNU),Beijing,

Thanks!!Thanks!!