Tng quan v ngnh ma ng

CHO MNG THY V CC BN N VI BI THUYT TRNH CA NHM 1Ch :NH GI TC NG MI TRNG I VI NH MY NHIT IN GIA LAIGVHD: Nguyn Ngc Anh5/19/20151DANH SCH NHMNguyn Th Thit (nt)Nguyn Th HngV Th TrangNguyn Th TmPhan Th Kiu ThanhTrng Th M huyn

Trng Phan Mng TrinhPhm Th Hng TrangNguyn Th ngc ThyTrnh Th HngNguyn Hu Quyt

5/19/20152I. Tng quan v ngnh ma ngVai tr:Ngnh ma ng l mt trong nhng ngnh cng nghip chim v tr quan trng trong nn kinh t nc tang vai tr quan trng cung cp nguyn liu cho ngnh thc phm v nhu cu tiu th ca ngi tiu dng.

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Nhu cu tiu th v sn lng ng ca Vit Nam (ngun: LMC, 2012)5/19/201545/19/20155Nin vSn xutTiu th2011-20121.300.0001.400.0002012-20131.500.0001.300.0002013-20141.587.0001.450.000D bo 2014-20151.550.0001.400.000Bng I.1. Bng thng k v d bo cung-cu ng (VT: tn)

2. Hin trngMt s nh my ma ng Vit Nam b nhim:Cng ty CP ma ng Sn La x nc thi, kh thi c ra mi trng khin ngi dn xung quanh phi sng trong nhim.

5/19/20156Nh my ng Ninh Ha x thi trc tip ra ngoi mi trng lm nh hng ti ngun nc v nhim khng kh cho ngi dn trn a bn.Nh my ng An Kh thuc Cng ty C phn ng Qung Ngi l nguyn nhn trc tip khin sng Ba b nhim nng.

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3. Cc ngun thi nh hng n mi trng v sc khe con ngi:3.1.Kh thi, bi: Pht sinh t phng tin vn chuyn nguyn liu, nhin liu, sn phm ra vo nh myQu trnh sn xut: ch yu t l hi dng b ma lm nhin liu, t qu trnh x l nc ma bng CO2 v SO2Khi ca l t b ma v thanHi ca l t lu hunh khi gp s c c th thot 1 phn ra ngoi. Kh thi pht sinh t my pht in d phng

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Tt c cc kh thi, khi, bi thi ra t nh my ma ng u nh hng nghim trng n mi trng v sc khe ca mi ngi xung quanh nh my. Gy nhim mi trng khng khGy ra cc bnh v h hp ngi nh ho, s mi, vim ph qunGy ra hiu ng nh knh, lm noiongs bu kh quyn ca tri t.5/19/201593.2. Cht thi rn: T hot ng sinh hot ca cng nhn: bao b, hp cm, thc n d tha, kim loi.T qu trnh sn xut: c cy bm trn cy ma, r ng, b ma, bn lc, tro l hi, .Bao b hng, chai l ng ha cht Lm gia tng s lan truyn cc loi bnh tt t rui, mui, chut nu khng c x l s lm nhim mi trng t, nc mt, nc ngm, t c kh nng nhim cy trng v nc ung.

5/19/2015103.3.Cht thi nguy hi: Gi lau dnh du nht.Bng n hunh quang b hng.Chai l ng ha cht phc v cho qu trnh sn xut.D gy chy n, gy ng c cho sc khe con ngi v d n mn nhiu vt cht khc.3.4. Ting n, rungPht sinh t xe ti, my mc vn hnh trong nh my nh hng n sc khe con ngi3.5. nhim miMi ngy hng trm tn b thi c thi ra ngoi. y l ngun cht thi d ln men, hi thi v d b khuyn tn theo gi, tri theo ma nn vic khng thu gom ch bin s gy nhim nng n mi trng xung quanh.

5/19/2015113.6. Nc thi:T cc ct ngng t to chn khng ca cc thit b: Bc hi, nu ng T cc ngun nc lm ngui my, thit b trong dy chuyn sn xut ca nh myT nc ra v sinh cc khu vc trong nh my: Nc x y ni hi, nc thi phng th nghim, nc r r ng ng, nc thi lc vi, v sinh my mc thit bPht sinh t hot ng sinh hot ca cng nhn, nc ma chy trn cun tri cc cht thi. nhim ngun nc ca ngi dn xung quanh, nc thi bc mi gy nhim khng kh.

5/19/201512II. NHN DIN NGUN TC NG THNG QUA QUY TRNH CNG NGH:NH MY NG NHIT IN GIA LAI.5/19/201513

A.Thuyt minh quy trnhNguyn liu maPhi thu hoch ng thi im, ma phi ti, sch2. Vn chuyn+ Phi vn chuyn ma n nh my trong thi gian ngn nht, ma c vn chuyn bng cc xe ti c trng ti 20-30 tn c che ph bt.+ Trong qu trnh vn chuyn ma b ri vi tr thnh cht thi rn lm mt v sinh ng ph, thm ch cn gy ra tai nn cho ngi i ng, ng thi thi ra mi trng mt lng ln kh thi lm nhim mi trng, nh hng ti sc khe con ngi.3. Cn v khoan ma mu Ma c cn t ng v phiu cn in ngay ti trm bit khi lng u vo v nh gi cht lng ma nguyn liu trc khi sn xut v tnh gi tin cho nng dn => Cng on ny thi ra mt lng cht thi rn.

4. p maS dng phng php p t. Sau qu trnh thi ra 1 lng nc thi t nc ra thit b, nc p ma v bt vng vi gy nhim mi trng v tn tht ng.Ngoi ra cn thi ra mt lng ln b ma, tit kim nng lng dng du FO t b ma sn xut in, hi cng on ny pht sinh bi SO2, CO2, hi nc gy nhim khng kh v ngun thi, tro thi ra dng lm phn.5. Lm sch nc maTrung ha acid trong nc ma hn hp hn ch ng saccharose chuyn ha. Loi ti a cc cht khng ng ra khi nc ma hn hp c bit cc cht c hot tnh b mt v cht keo nng cao hiu sut thu hi ng. Loi b nhng cht rn dng l lng cc cht mu nng cao phm cht ng thnh phm.S dng 1 s ha cht kt ta v ty mu dung dch to ra cc cht thi rn, mi hi gy nh hng ti con ngi v mi trng.6. LcLc nc bn loi i hon ton tp cht khng tan,thu hi phn ng c trong dch bn v loi bn.Tn thu b bn sn xut phn bn vi sinh.Pht sinh b lc, nc thi cha cn l lng, cc cht v c v hu c c nh hng n mi trng. Ngoi ra qu trnh ny s dng my lc do pht sinh kh thi t h thng my mc thit b.7. Ty muLm gim nht ca mt ch. Trung ho lng vi d trong nc ma. Ty mu dung dch ng, kh cht mu thnh cht khng mu.Pht sinh nc thi ca qu trnh v sinh thit b.

8. Nu ng - tr tinhNu ng: l tch nc t mt ch Tr tinh: cho tinh th ng c hon chnh hn, c tc dng nh thng tr ng non trc khi phn lyL cng on pht sinh nhiu kh thi nht do s dng h thng l hi. Kh thi ca l hi t than ch yu mang theo bi, CO2, CO, SO2 , SO3 v NOx.Nc thi t khu to chn khng, nc ngng t, nc ra9. Ly tm.Tch tinh th ng ra khi mt. m bo cht lng ng thnh phm v tinh khitca cc loi mt theo yu cu sn xut.Ngun pht thi ch yu ca cng on ny l nc thi do v sinh thit b li tm, v nc ngng t thit b, mt r, ng.

10. Sy ngGim m, trnh ng ct kt thnh cc, bin cht, ng thi lm cho mu sc ng thnh phm c bng sng.Pht sinh bi ng gy nhim mi trng sn xut trong nh my v nh hng n sc khe ca cng nhn, kh thi do s dng cc loi nhin liu cho vn hnh my mc, nc thi do cng on v sinh my mc thit b

B. NH GI CC TC NG MI TRNG

1. NC THI

Trong qu trnh sn xut, nc thi c pht sinh rt nhiu trong nhiu khu v mc nhim bn ca cc loi nc thi ny cng khc nhau. Cc ngun pht sinh ch yu ca cc loi nc thi trong nh my ma ng ch yu t cc ngun sau:Khu p maNc thi pht sinh trong cng on nhp nguyn liu, bm, nh ti, p dp v ho tan: y, nc dng ngm v p ng trong ma nn nc thi c cha hm lng cht hu c cao do cha lng ng tht thot v dng nc lm mt trc nn nc thi b nhim du nht. i vi b ma ( chim 25-30% trng lng ma em p)Thnh phnT lNc49%X48% (khong 45 % xenlulose)ng kh2,5 % i vi mt r ( chim 3-5% trng lng ma em p).Thnh phnT lNc20 %Saccarose35 %ng kh20 %Protein5 %Tro15 %Sp1 %Bt4 % i vi bn lc: Ni chung nc thi t khu p ma c nng BOD v cc cht l lng cao.

Nc thi ra lc c lu lng nh nhng gi tr BOD v cht l lng cao. Nc r r v nc ra sn, thit b c hm lng BOD rt cao.

Nc thi ra lc, ra thit b v ra snNc lm mtThng nhim bn mt s cht hu c bay hi t nc ng un si trong ni nu hoc ni chn khng.

Khu l hiNc thi c x nh k, c hm lng cht rn l lng cao v gi tr BOD thp, nc thi mang tnh kim.

S liu thnh phn nc thi ma ng ( QCVN 2008)

STTCh tiun vGi trQC1PHMg/l7,5-85,5-92SSMg/l12501003B0D5Mg/l5000504C0DMg/l70001005NtMg/l16,4306PtMg/l7,56Ngoi ra Nc ma chy trn: Ton b lng nc chy trn trn b mt cun tri theo cc cht nhim chy v trm x l. Nc thi chia lm 3 loi: loi 1, loi 2, loi 3

Cc tr sNgun gc v tnh chtNc thi loi 1Nc thi pht sinh trong cng on lm trong v lm sch: Lm mt l hi v ngng t sau khi cp nhit cho cc thit b gia nhit, c c, nu ng. y l loi nc thi b nhim nhThng c tr s BOD thp (20-25 mg/l), SS = 30-50 mg/l, COD = 50-60 mg/l. Lu lng nc thi ny thng t 0,97-1,2 m3 / tn ma.

Nc thi chia lm 3 loi: loi 1, loi 2, loi 3

Cc tr sNgun gc v tnh chtNc thi loi 2Nc thi t cc ngun nc lm ngui my,thit b (nhim bn ngun nc), lm ngui ng (nhim bn ng)Gi tr BOD thng dao ng t 200-400 mg/l. Lu lng ca lng nc thi ny thng nh khong 0,25 m3 / tn ma.

Nc thi chia lm 3 loi: loi 1, loi 2, loi 3

Cc tr sNgun gc v tnh chtNc thi loi 3Nc thi t cc khu sinh hot ca cng nhn, nhn vin trong nh my, t khu vc nh v sinh, phng th nghim, v sinh phn xng v cc thit b khc. Nc thi pht sinh trong cng on kt tinh v hon tt: Nc thi do dng lm lnh cc trang thit b, my mc. Lng nc t l hi, r r ng ng, lc vit cc cng on sn xut. Nc thi ny c nhim rt caoBOD = 1200-1700 mg/l, COD thng thng khong 2200 mg/l, pH