All power to GEOGRAPHY!Last, but not least ..

Read each question very carefully to get the instructions right!(e.g. Describe? Explain? Photo or graph interpretation skills? Going beyond the resource?)

LEAVE NO QUESTION

UNANSWERED!!

They ask you to do a poster?•Needs writing with some development

•Needs helpful illustrations

•A bit of appropriate colour

Advice - leave until last, but get those marks!

They ask you to write a letter?

•Lay it out correctly

•Don’t spend hours agonising over the address!

•What audience? Put the right ‘hat’ on

Potentially useful terminology:

Primary Secondary TertiaryQuaternar

y

Arterial routeways North South divide

Catchment areaLimiting the friction

of distance

Positive / negative multiplier effect

Multiples Central Business District

Export Zones

Social Premium

Sweat shop

Disposable income

Greenfield

sitePedestrianisation

Trade Unions

Death of the high street

Where several marks are available, develop your answer!Don’t rely on brief responses, however flashy ‘export zone’, ‘greenfield site’ or ‘social premium’ may sound.

Make it obvious that you know what you’re talking about and what relevance these ideas have to the question

Be prepared to provide an answer by annotating a map.e.g.

Reasons why this site was chosen for The Mall

If you are asked to describe a location on the map - use

your tools!:Compass points

Scale

Road numbers

Junction number

Built up / non built up (key)

Arterial routeways

Motorway network

Great shoppingvenue near to

meCould I

get a job there?More employment =more taxes = morelocal spending on

sevices More employment =local positive

multiplier effectfor local

businesses

Cheap and easyland to develop- lots of profits

Will put us on themap, and may

increase the CBD’scatchment area too

Easy access off M5 J17.

Large catchment area due to limiting friction of distance, access to motorway network

Greenfield site - no demolition or de-

contamination necessary (cheap to develop)

8km from CBD - land cheaper with distance from

CBD Main arterial routeway from built up city

areas -A4148.Easy access

Near built up areas - customer base AND

prospective employees

Motorway junction / main road location good for delivery

vehiclesRoads less conjested here than

in city centre

Loads of peopleencouraged to

use theircars

Rural habitatsdestroyed

I’ve lost my lovelyview of the fields

Roads round here willget really clogged up

What about ‘death of the

high street’ and itsimpacts?

Simon and Purdeep’s data :No hypothesis or enquiry question

Equal sample sizes (Simon - proof?)

Tax discs - good, safe idea (but info may be out of date?)

10SR field work task

Potential enquiry questions:Which shopping centre has the greater catchment area?

Does the effect of ‘friction of distance’ mean that shopper numbers decline with distance from the shopping centre?

Simon’s presentation:Mapped - good for visual catchment area / distances travelled (visual)

Key - groupings good idea

Groupings uneven X

19+ group not adequate X

Counties not named for comparison with Purdeep’s data X

Density shading not well used X

Not same presentation as Purdeep’s for comparisons X

Purdeep’s presentation:Obviously surveyed 100 tax discs

Clearly shows no. of cars from each county

No visual sense of catchment area / distance travelled at all X

No use of density shading X

Not same presentation as Simon’s for comparison

“Where would you rather shop?”

- would have benefited from a more ‘neutral’ survey location

THE MALL

They said …

“Hurrah” for: •Choice / variety

•Under cover protection from weather

THE MALL

They said …

“Ugh” for: •Lack of public transport

•Distance to travel

•Parking queues

•‘Clone town’ feeling

BROADMEAD

They said …

“Hoorah” for: •Public transport

•Independents

BROADMEAD

They said …“Ugh” for: •Poor parking

•Shop closures (DOHS evidence?)

•Shabby (DOHS evidence?)

•Too many bars / restaurants / mobile phone shops

•Not enough quality shops (DOHS evidence?)

BROADMEAD ‘fight back’

- Pedestrianisation

- Trees

- Seating

- Events advertising

WOW!!

Where were 10SR’s clothes made? (secondary industry)• Scale!

• More south of N/S divide line

• Focus SE Asia (low wages in low wage economies, no trade unions, environmental and social legislation absent or not monitored, government incentives / export zones, some highly skilled / educated (e.g. China)

Where were 10SR’s clothes made? (secondary industry)

So why in UK?• Underwear cost effective

• Designer labels

• Some stores (E.G George at Asda) jumping on current demand for more locally sourced goods

Resource 9 : ‘However, the wealth created by the clothing industry has had little effect on improving the lives of ordinary women workers and their families’

(ie unequal benefits!)

WHY NOT?

• Subsistence wages so little positive multiplier effect

• Wages kept low by lack of trade union power and Government fears that multi national company will go and find somewhere cheaper

• Export Zones so no local taxes paid (incentive for multi national)

• Profits leak back to MEDC HQ

Comparing CONDITIONS: Clothing manufacturing (Lesotho, Bangladesh) and Nokia mobile phone assembly factory:

Photo evidence:

DIFFERENCES?

• Heating / ventilation / air conditioning (pipes and ducts)

• How crowded (how dangerous in case of fire)

• Lighting

• How hi-tech the equipment is

• How automated the processes seem to be (labour or capital intensive?)

• (Text also gives us additional info on ages, abuse, working hours, lack of unions, wages and hours, comfort.)

Comparing CONDITIONS: Clothing manufacturing (Lesotho, Bangladesh) and Nokia mobile phone assembly factory:

SIMILARITIES?

• Both export oriented - pressure to achieve quotas for a multi national

• Both production line (less job satisfaction?)

• Both laid out in rows (isolating workers - not communal)

• Both largely womens’ jobs?

Improve conditions in clothing factories by:OVER THERE

• Allowing trade unions.

• Enforcing ‘Codes of Conduct’

• Multi nationals pay local taxes

• National Minimum wages

• Better legislation about child labour

Improve conditions in clothing factories by:OVER HERE

• Boycotting products (but could be counter productive)

• Making our feelings known by letter writing, petitions etc (threaten multi national with bad publicity)

Our Example of a Product web

Starbucks coffeeCoffee beans – Ethiopia- PRIMARY

Cleaning Centre – Ethiopia

Auction – Ethiopia

Exported from Djibouti

Roasted - Netherlands

Sold in Starbucks - UK

A Consumer Landscape is simply a place where

people shop!

Definition of an ‘extreme environment’:Definition of an Extreme Environment: “Exhibits harsh and challenging environmental conditions such as climate and landscape, far outside the boundaries of what a human can comfortably tolerate”

Greenland and AntarcticaSimilarities:Both land-based

High latitude / below freezing temps

Ice sheets

Coastal areas warmer

Winter darkness / summer daylight

Used for scientific climate change research

Greenland and AntarcticaDifferences:Antarctica - Thicker ice sheets

Antarctica - no indigenous people / permanent residents

Antarctica - more extreme cold (Vostok - coldest recorded temps of less than -85 degrees (higher latitude)

Antarctica - drier (desert)

More inaccessible

Antarctica physical processes:

Basal slippage

Ice shelves / ice bergs

Ventifaction

Ventifacts(Ice streams and glaciers)

Antarctica physical processes:Posh A*words

Eolian transport

Abrasion erosion

Saltation

Prevailing katabatic winds

If you are asked about:

Depends on Antarctic Treaty future

AND

Depends on Global Warming

Mass tourism?

Mineral exploitation?(will we still want / need these resources?)

International conflict?

Whaling?

Krill fishing?

If you are asked about:

• Antarctic Peninsula versus interior?

• How different countries might exploit their claims in the future?

If you are asked about:

• Effects of global mass media?

• Effects of quicker, easier transport (tourism?)

• Trade / multi nationals and resulting CO2 emissions (global warming)?

If you are asked about:

• Effects of global mass media?

• Effects of quicker, easier transport (tourism?)

• Trade / multi nationals and resulting CO2 emissions (global warming)?

PLUS

• Antarctic Treaty

• Scientific cooperation

If you are asked about:

• Could focus on sustainable tourism

If you are asked about:

Futures?

Globalisation?

Interdependence?

Sustainability?

Use:•Stanton site eco town

•Tesco - death of high street

•Stanton closure by multi national Saint Gobain

•Stanton closure

•Afghan drugs link

Stanton site - new mixed-use eco friendly devt (with SUDS?!)

•Wages / guaranteed prices

•Conditions

•Environment

•SOCIAL PREMIUM

•Cooperative groups

•Democratic decision making

BUT:Many farmers can’t afford to provide the environmental safeguards

Some supermarkets cream off extra profits

Doesn’t change overall unfair global trading practice

Doesn’t help development of secondary industry, with its ‘value added’

•No harmful chemical fertilisers, pesticides, insecticides

•Benefits the environment - bio diversity of fauna and flora

•Benefits human health?