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Macromolecules Review

Cell Review

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Macromolecules Review

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Made up of 2 anti-parallel strands of nucleotides:

DNA RNA

When 2 molecules are joined and a water molecule is removed in the process:

Dehydration Synthesis

Hydrolysis

On the DNA molecule, Thymine always pairs with:

AdenineGuanine

Enzymes work as catalysts by:

Decreasing the activation energy of a rxn

Decreasing the free energy of a rxn

Bypassing the transition state of a rxn

The functional groups found in a monosaccharide:

Carbonyl and hydroxyl

Glycosidic and hydroxyl

Carboxyl and hydroxyl

Difference between starch and cellulose:

Starch have 1-4 glycosidic linkage, while cellulose has 1-4 glycosidic

linkage

In starch some glucose monomers are oriented upside down.

Cellulose has 1-4 glycosidic linkage, While starch has 1-4 glycosidic

linkage

When a maltose goes through a hydrolysis reaction, the products will be:

2 glucose molecules

1 glucose and 1 fructose molecules

2 sucrose molecules

The number of fatty acid chains on a phospholipid:

Two

One

Three

Vegetable oils are liquid at room temperature due to:

Presence of double bonds, resulting inkinks on the fatty acid chains

Having fully saturated fatty acid chains

Its ability to form hydrogen bonds with water

Which of the following is FALSE?

There are 12 essential amino acids

8 of the amino acids must be obtainedfrom our diet

Some amino acids are polar, some non-polar & some electrically charged

In a condensation reaction between glycerol and fatty acids, the following linkage is formed:

Ester

Glycosidic

Peptide

The following diagram represents:

Steroid

Protein

Amino acid

The second diagram below represents:

Non-competitive inhibition

Competitive inhibition

Functional enzymes

Alpha helix and beta pleated sheets represent a protein’s:

Secondary structure

Primary structure

Tertiary structure

In a hydrolysis reaction:

Polymer is broken down into smaller units and energy is released

Monomers are joined together and energy is released

No energy is required

The following is a general structural formula for:

Amino acids

Nucleic acid

Triglycerides

Component of the cell membrane:

Phospholipids

Triglycerides

Triacylglycerols

Which of the following does NOT contribute to a protein’s tertiary structure:

Peptide bond

Disulfide bridge

Proline kink

Component of the nucleic acid:

A phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar and nitrogenous base

A glycerol, a phosphate group and2 hydrocarbon chains

An amino group & a carboxyl group both attached to central carbon

The bond that links one nucleotide to another on one strand of DNA is:

Phosphodiester bond

Hydrogen bond

Peptide bond

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Cell Review

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The mitochondria is responsible for:

Creating energy Disposing of waste

A cell is filled with _________.

Cytoplasm Air

This controls the functions of the cell.

Golgi Body Nucleus

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of plant cells:

Numerous small vacuoles

Cell wall

Chloroplasts

Primary function of cytoskeleton in cells:

Provide structure, shape, support & stability

Allow endocytosis and exocytosis to occur

Keeps organelles from moving around

The passage of RNA from nucleus to the cytoplasm is controlled by:

Nuclear pore complexes

Cytosol

Nucleolus

In a non-dividing cells, a complex mixture of DNA and proteins that represent the unfolded state of chromosomes is called;

Chromatin

Centrioles

Sister chromatids

With regards to mitochondria and chloroplasts:

Both contain some of their own DNA

Both are found in animal cells

Both function to provide energy to cells

Grana are:

Stacks of chlorophyll-containing thylakoids

Grain-like features seen on EndoplasmicReticulum

Found within the cristae of mitochondria

Which of the following is FALSE:

Smooth ER synthesizes proteins and lipids

Plant cells contain a large central vacuole

The fluid in the cytoplasm is called cytosol

Lysosomes are:

Produced by Golgi apparatus and containenzymes that do hydrolysis rxn

Produced by ER and contain enzymesthat do redox rxn

Produced by the mitochondria for transportof proteins

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