Quran citation index¯ - Cambridge University Pressassets.cambridge.org/97805215/39340/index/9780521539340_index.pdfQuran citation index 311¯ [3] Surat¯ Al¯ Imran¯ 3 3, 95n.10

Qur � an citation index

[1] Surat al-Fatih. a xii, 47, 65, 120,124, 168, 169

1 xii2 1247 82

[2] Surat al-Baqara 30, 111, 124,189

2 3, 1103 xii4 8614 203n.1222 94n.323 4, 43, 23725 9226–7 22028 8929 94n.330 8230–9 94n.431–3 8232 8241 93, 95n.1042 348 9162 297, 301, 302, 304, 305,

308n.8, 308n.1075 8889 95n.1091 95n.1097 42, 95n.10101 95n.10105 84106 187, 217107 83114 170, 174115 82117 81120 85

120–4 xi125–7 87127 82128–9 88135 88, 95n.15136 3, 86137 174140–4 93142–5 30143 91154 92156 124157 82163 80, 169164 94n.3, 95n.7173 91177 219178 86180 86, 94181 171183 86183–7 109187 86, 93190 94192 94190–4 93213 294, 297, 300216 86219 93, 216228 264246 86252 42255 81, 82, 124, 165, 169, 172256 202, 208n.84, 299269 225276 286282 189, 265285 219286 83, 223

310

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Qur �an citation index 311

[3] Surat Al �Imran3 3, 95n.107 3, 27415 9218 80, 170, 17221 26448 22549–55 xi50 8755 8959 8165 8867 88, 95n.1581 95n.10, 22585 173, 301, 302, 308n.1095 95n.1595–7 17196–7 171108 42120 82123 109154 86155–74 109156 92169 92173 171175 84185 172186 84190–1 95n.7

[4] Surat al-Nisa � 30, 89, 932–3 2643 30, 218, 28611–12 9413 21615–16 21633 9434 26343 91, 93, 21646 8847 95n.1051–2 4257 9260 8665 21676 8477 9288–9 84125 95n.15, 270n.30127 86129 218, 219, 286

136 3, 86, 219139 84140 203n.12157 89157–9 89162 86163 86171 89176 93, 94

[5] Surat al-Ma �ida 42, 94, 111,216

1–3 1091–5 937 859 30512–13 xi13 8815 8821 8624–5 xi33–4 9338 9341 8843 230n.2244–7 28344–8 15446 3, 87, 230n.2348 94, 95n.10, 30551 8455 8457 8466 15472 8473 8483 xii, 137n.5090–1 93, 94, 21691–2 93112 223116 84, 89117–18 89158 154

[6] Surat al-An � am2 81, 907 11512 86, 9130–2 9034 8354 86, 9159 8665 81






312 Qur �an citation index

79 95n.1583 16983–7 95n.992 95n.1095–9 95n.796–7 81133 81149 169152 223161 95n.15

[7] Surat al-A � raf11–25 94n.427 8430 84, 22034 9042 22354 17354–61 16565–72 95n.1273–9 95n.1385–93 95n.11136 83148 85151 82156 86157–8 31158 156172 82180 195, 223

[8] Surat al-Anfal 30, 11161

[9] Surat al-Tawba 42, 97, 1115 187, 188, 208n.84, 218, 30017 17018 170, 17419 17123 8429 30029–35 10930 8433 165, 17046–7 22051 8665 203n.1267 8372 9274 91104 220105–6 220

106 222

[10] Surat Yunus xi1 1105–7 95n.720 10826 9237 95n.1038 4349 9057 17167 94n.3

[11] Surat Hud xi7 90, 137n.518 203n.1213 4316 137n.4950–60 95n.1257 8361–8 95n.1366 8184–95 95n.1190 91109–23 108

[12] Surat Yusuf 51 1101–3 1082 3, 43, 72n.15, 135n.2629 10364 xi, 83111 3, 95n.10

[13] Surat al-Ra �d1 1102–4 95n.711 28015 8323 9237 72n.15

[14] Surat Ibrahım4 154, 22017 9124–7 10627 22030 22032–3 8134 8337 16452 154







[15] Surat al-H. ijr 65, 106, 1101 316–25 10522 178n.26, 18926 8127 8128–43 94n.429 8147 9286 8195 203n.12

[16] Surat al-Nah. l2 805–8 94n.310–11 16410–16 95n.710–18 94n.331 9239 9248 8367 21669 82, 9374 270n.3378–81 95n.780–1 94n.393 220101 187, 217102 42103 43, 53, 72n.15120 95n.15123 95n.15

[17] Surat al-Isra �1 8212 94n.313–14 22015 22060 27561–5 94n.478 170, 17179 17480 17082 17188 4107–9 137n.50110 80, 223111 80

[18] Surat al-Kahf39 12450 94n.4

[19] Surat Maryam 164, 168

[20] Surat T. a Ha xi8 8014 8054–5 94n.355 8182 91113 43, 72n.15,

135n.26115 85116–23 94n.4

[21] Surat al-Anbiya � xi5 125, 22625 8030–3 10535 17248–91 95n.9103 91104 90105 86

[22] Surat al-H. ajj 1111 1114 865 1647 17218 2203962 22363 16465 94n.366 90

[23] Surat al-Mu �minun12–14 8117–22 94n.321–2 95n.743 9057–61 105

[24] Surat al-Nur 30, 111, 1242 93, 2164 9311–20 3030–1 270n.4234 8535 165, 170, 172, 228

[25] Surat al-Furqan4–5 53







31 8232 134n.1745–50 10550 164

[26] Surat al-Shu �ara �6 203n.127–8 95n.783 169123–40 95n.12141–59 95n.13176–91 95n.11192–3 42195 72n.15221–7 226227 171

[27] Surat al-Naml40 9145–53 95n.1373 8386 95n.793 95n.7

[28] Surat al-Qas.as.15 22188 90

[29] Surat al- �Ankabut44 95n.757 17265 84

[30] Surat al-Rum4–5 17420 8120–8 95n.730 8846 95n.754 81

[31] Surat Luqman2–3 9127 86

[32] Surat al-Sajda4–9 1059 81, 8215 137n.5027 95n.7, 164

[33] Surat al-Ah. zab 111

22 11127 10328 11132–3 9333 17335 93, 25553 9359–60 270n.4163 90

[34] Surat Saba �3 869 95n.743 137n.49, 137n.51

[35] Surat Fat.ir5 1729 9031 95n.1034 92

[36] Surat Ya Sın 124, 1661–3 xi1–6 1682 11012 8613–32 10630 203n.1233–47 95n.756 92

[37] Surat al-S. affat3 11020 9129 335 16936 137n.49, 137n.5136–7 22683 221

[38] Surat S. ad1 1104 137n.516 137n.4972 8171–85 94n.475–6 81

[39] Surat al-Zumar5–7 838 8421 95n.7







23 12428 43, 72n.15, 135n.2641 9164 185, 204n.15

[40] Surat al-Mu �min3 918 9210 8541 85

[41] Surat Fus.s. ilat1–5 1083 72n.15, 135n.2631 8437 95n.739 82, 95n.741–54 10844 72n.15, 17153 95n.7

[42] Surat al-Shura7 72n.15, 135n.2623 17328 16429–34 95n.7

[43] Surat al-Zukhrufs2 1103 72n.15, 135n.26,

27564 4170 92

[44] Surat al-Dukhan2 1102–6 91

[45] Surat al-Jathiya1–6 95n.72 876 4212–13 95n.722 9024 8933 203n.12

[46] Surat al-Ah. qaf12 3, 72n.15, 95n.1021 95n.1226 83

30 95n.1035 87

[47] Surat Muh. ammad 111

[48] Surat al-Fath. 111, 166, 168,171

1–3 1681–6 16515 10924 168

[49] Surat al-H. ujurat 11112 91

[50] Surat Qaf1 1106–11 95n.79 16435 92

[51] Surat al-Dhariyat 10620 95n.724–37 106

[52] Surat al-T. ur 10622–4 912529 87

[53] Surat al-Najm 10611 4119–20 204n.1343–9 10559 108

[55] Surat al-Rah. man 18613 18214 8126–7 17227 8133 22337 90

[57] Surat al-H. adıd 111, 1651–2 1743 8119–23 xi

[58] Surat al-Mujadila22 86







[59] Surat al-H. ashr 1112–5 10924 80, 81

[61] Surat al-S. aff 1116 8713 171

[62] Surat al-Jumu �a 1111–7 1759–11 175

[64] Surat al-Taghabun 111

[66] Surat al-Tah. rım 1115 26311–12 93

[67] Surat al-Mulk 166, 17115 94n.3

[68] Surat al-Qalam6–16 10517–33 106

[69] Surat al-H. aqqa 10619–37 9138–47 87

[71] Surat Nuh.14 81

[73] Surat al-Muzzammil4 1185 419 83

[74] Surat al-Muddaththir1–7 421–10 11011–48 11024 137n.4949–56 11054–5 108

[75] Surat al-Qiyama22–3 92

[76] Surat al-Insan 1661–3 1686–16 10516–18 171

[77] Surat al-Mursalat15 186

[78] Surat al-Naba �4–5 1866–13 94n.3

[79] Surat al-Nazi � at15–26 105, 10632–3 94n.3

[80] Surat �Abasa17 10838–42 104

[81] Surat al-Takwır1–13 1041–14 9015–21 4123 41

[82] Surat al-Infit.ar11–12 8617 186

[83] Surat al-Mut.affifın24 92

[84] Surat al-Inshiqaq21 137n.50

[85] Surat al-Buruj15 8121 3

[87] Surat al-A � la1 811–5 1056 416–7 21712–13 91

[89] Surat al-Fajr 1061 189

[91] Surat al-Shams1–10 418 30511–15 105

[92] Surat al-Layl1–13 110







14–21 110

[93] Surat al-D. uh. a1 189

[94] Surat al-Sharh. 1105–6 186

[95] Surat al-Tın 1108 82

[96] Surat al- �Alaq11–5 421–8 41

[97] Surat al-Qadr 123, 168, 1691 123

[100] Surat al- �Adiyat 1101–5 104

[101] Surat al-Qari � a 1106 916–9 104

[102] Surat al-Takathur6–7 186

[103] Surat al- �As.r1–3 41

[105] Surat al-Fıl 105

[107] Surat al-Ma � un2–7 108

[109] Surat al-Kafirun 184, 185,188, 189, 200, 201, 202

1 1881–6 203n.23 1856 188, 201

[110] Surat al-Nas.r 42

[111] Surat al-Masad 1101 108

[112] Surat al-Ikhlas. xi, 81, 124,166, 168, 169, 172

[113] Surat al-Falaq 124

[114] Surat al-Nas 1241 108






General index

al- �Abbas b. �Abd al-Mut.t.alib 181�Abd al-H. amıd b. Yah. ya 228�Abd al-Jabbar al-Hamadhanı 154,

190�Abd al-Malik 48, 163, 165, 212�Abd al-Rah. man, �A. 285�Abd al-Rah. man b. Thabit 45�Abd al-Raziq, �A. 286�Abd al-Razzaq 48�Abdallah b. Abı Sarh. 43�Abdallah b. Mas � ud 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 117,

145, 146, 148, 149, 181, 184�Abdallah b. Mu � awiya 173�Abdallah b. Rawah. a 127–8�Abdallah b. al-Zubayr 45�Abdallah Muh. ammad b. Ah. mad b. Salim

al-Bas.rı 193Abdel Haleem, M. S. 16�Abduh, M. 190, 280, 281, 282, 286,

304Abraham 27, 87, 106, 171, 262, 284

Abrahamic faiths 293, 296, 297, 298,299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 306

abrogation 43, 62, 184, 187–8, 195,204n.27, 217–18, 273, 283

intra-qur �anic 187, 299–300, 304,307n.6, 308n.10

of previous scriptures seesupersession

Abu �Ala � al-Ma �arrı 228Abu �Amr b. al- �Ala � 48, 52, 149, 150, 151,

153, 213Abu �Amr al-Shaybanı 213Abu Aswad al-Du �alı 48Abu Bakr 31, 44, 45, 46, 62, 63Abu Bakr Muh. ammad b. �Abdallah

al-Ma � afirı; see Ibn al- �ArabıAbu l-Darda � 44

Abu l-H. arith al-Layth 51Abu H. ayyan al-Andalusı [al-Gharnat.ı] 46,

215Abu H. udhayfa 46Abu Ish. aq al-S. abı 228Abu Ja � far Yazıd b. al-Qa �qa � 51Abu Jahl 181, 185, 204n.13Abu Kurayb Muh. ammad b. al- �Ala �

191–2Abu Musa al-Ash �arı 47Abu Muslim 173Abu Nuwas 227Abu l-Qasim al-Balkhı 44Abu Sa � ıd 174, 175Abu S. alih. 181Abu Sufyan 29Abu T. alib 24, 25, 26Abu � Ubayda 213Abu Zahra, M. 126Abu Zayd 44Abu Zayd, N. H. . 285–6�Ad 106Adam 82, 192, 211, 259, 260, 306n.1Adonis 131, 227adultery 216Afghanistan 164, 167Africa

north 150, 173, 194north-west 150, 151, 152south 279west 150

Ah. mad b. Jubayr al-Kufı 50Ah. mad Yasawı shrine 171Ahmad, S. B. 201Ahmed, L. 258ah. ruf 51, 117; see also h. uruf; readings�A� isha 27, 29, 30, 31, 218, 256al-Akhfash al-Awsat. 49

318






General index 319

Alexandria 194Alfonso VII (emperor) 8Algeria 150Alhambra see GranadaAli, A. Y. 16�Alı b. Abı T. alib 46, 176, 220,

275�Alı b. Rabban al-T. abarı 138n.58Allah 80, 266al-A � mash 52al-Amın 174Amman 193Amul 191al-Anbar 42Andalusia 172; see also SpainAndrae, T. 35anthropomorphism 224apocalypticism 35, 90, 104–5apologists/apologetics 1, 4, 7, 42, 108,

130, 219apostasy 282, 284, 286

Christian 239Arabia 24, 29, 33, 35, 37n.15, 67, 88, 100,

106, 127, 242, 285, 301; see alsoH. ijaz

central 80pre-Islamic 66, 80religion in 88southern 80western 23, 28, 29

Arabic 9, 43, 48, 49, 52, 67, 68, 69, 70,121, 130, 155, 165, 229, 238; seealso grammar/ians; script

Christian 66classical/standard 67, 68–9, 146, 149,

174, 212dialects 9epigraphy 163literary 71, 130modern 130, 279‘mysterious letters’ 108, 237and non-Arab Muslims 215, 226pre-Islamic 66, 69, 127pre-qur �anic 68prose 98, 103, 228transliteration 15and Qur �an 6, 7, 156–7, 186, 211–12,

213; see also textArabs 47, 68, 69, 126, 130

Christian 69, 80; see also Meccamonotheists 67

pagan/polytheists 67, 89; see alsomushrikun; pagans; polytheism

pre-Islamic 89, 127, 267, 268, 270n.27,273

prophets 87and Qur �an 154, 213

Aramaic (language) 43, 52, 69, 70, 80,212; see also Syriac

Arberry, A. J. 15, 16, 17Arkoun, M. 242, 245–6, 277, 279Armenia 45al- �As. b. Wa � il 181Asad, M. 7, 10–12, 16, 270n.27asceticism/ascetics 35, 193Asghar Ali Engineer 258Ash �arı(s) 222, 224�As. im b. Bahdala Abı l-Najjud 32, 50, 52,

116, 149, 151, 152, 153, 158n.10,182

al-As.ma � ı 213al-Aswad b. �Abd Yaghuth 181Ataturk 155[St] Augustine 11Averroes see Ibn RushdAws 26al- �Ayyashı, Muh. ammad b. Mas � ud

199al-A � zami, Muhammad Mustafa 277Azerbaijan 45al-Azhar see Cairo

Bach 129Badr 30, 109, 204n.13Baghdad 50, 118, 181, 182, 191, 192, 194,

196al-Baqillanı 44, 129, 130Barlas, A. 258, 260, 261–2, 265, 266,

267Basısu, M. 227basmala 80, 97, 124Bas.ra 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 149, 191,

193, 194, 212al-Bayd. awı 152, 215al-Bazzı 50Bedouin 10, 12, 213, 214Begley, W. 166Bell, R. 16, 33, 35, 59, 157, 242Bellamy, J. 35van Berchem, M. 167Bergstrasser, G. 52–3, 152Berlin 53, 171






320 General index

Bible 1, 5, 12, 34, 60, 87, 238, 297biblical studies 3, 5, 9, 60, 119, 238, 239corruption 4, 297, 304Genesis 5, 107Hebrew 2, 18n.5, 27, 87, 97, 129New Testament 2and Qur �an formation 53Romans 13:13 11

Bint al-Shat.i � see �Abd al-Rah. man, �A.Blachere, R. 33, 157‘book’ 243, 294, 307n.2; see also al-kitabBos.ra 196burhan 129Burton, J. 62–3

Cairo 119, 123, 163, 191, 194, 199, 286;see also editions

Aqmar Mosque 173al-Azhar 9, 156, 189, 285, 286Bab Zuwayla 169al-H. akim Mosque 170Ibn T. ulun Mosque 164, 168Nilometer 163, 166Salar/Sanjar tomb complex 170Sult.an H. asan madrasa/tomb 165,

166University of 284Uzbak al-Yusufı madrasa 170

Calder, N. 192caliphate 192, 224, 276, 281, 287; see also

Ottoman empirecanonical text of Qur �an 61, 65, 79, 102,

107, 212, 218, 241, 244, 273, 274;see also codex; readings;transmission

Wansbrough’s hypothesis 61caravans 24, 28Chiragh ‘Alı 283Chraibi, D. 229Christian(s)/Christianity 34, 61, 80, 88,

166, 273, 291; see also Gospel;People of the Book; scripture

Abyssinia 25anti-Judaism 241and challenge of Islam 237; see also

polemicsevangelical 7exegesis 287Greek 223, 238hymns 67iconography 105

influence on Qur �an 65–7, 70, 239liberation theology 287missionary 1, 277Protestant 241Spanish 173and supersession debates 303, 308n.13Syrian 35, 223treaties with Muslims 237

Christology 67, 88–9Cluny 8codex (of Qur �an) 14, 23, 30, 33, 49, 61,

63, 68, 71, 98, 99, 116, 146, 147,187, 188

non- � Uthmanic 45, 52pre- � Uthmanic 46, 47� Uthmanic 31, 32, 33, 35, 45, 46, 47, 48,

49, 50, 51, 52, 59, 62, 99, 117, 118,145, 146, 148, 149, 207n.68, 274;see also editions

collection (of Qur �an) 14, 31, 44–6, 60, 62,63, 111, 145, 243, 273

and polemics 238pre-canonical 63, 244

colonialism 258, 276–7, 287, 292Companions (of Muh. ammad; al-Sah. aba)

42, 45, 46, 47, 62, 117, 185, 188,189, 196, 197, 200, 216

concordance 17, 241Cook, M. 33, 100copyists (of Qur �an) 70, 213Cordoba 165cosmology 224covenant 60, 85

of � Umar 237Cragg, K. 17createdness (of Qur �an) 223–4, 243, 276creation

of humans 81–2, 259, 294, 300, 306of jinn 81of nature 81

creed 295Crone, P. 33, 100curse 108

al-D. ah. h. ak 184al-dahr 89Dakhla 151Damascus 45, 49, 50, 149, 196

citadel 196Nur al-Dın hospital 166Umayyad mosque of 146, 169






General index 321

dar al-islam 296Darwin, Ch. 18n.2, 281Darwısh, M. 227Dawood, N. J. 16D. awran Anis 151debate 4, 33, 97, 102, 108, 274al-Dhahabı, Muh. ammad H. usayn

189–90dhikr 123Dhu l-Nun al-Mis.rı 193dialogue

interreligious 201Diatessaron 44difficult words 212Diptycha 105divorce 264; see also lawDiyab, Mah. mud 229doctrines (of Qur �an) 25; see also

eschatology; God; theologyDodd, E. 164, 165, 167Dunqul, A. 227al-Durı 50, 51, 52

editions (of Qur �an)apparatus criticus 53Cairene 32, 52, 53, 117, 133n.7, 134n.8,

152critical 52, 53lithographed 147, 152modern 150, 184, 187Muslim standard 64printed 169

aversions to printing 151–2Bibliander 239Muslim printings 152

Russian 151scholarly Arabic 241; see also Flugel, G.

education 121–2, 136n.28, 136n.29, 199Egypt 130, 132, 150, 151, 152, 167, 170,

199, 280, 281Upper 199

El-Awa, S. 201emigrants 26, 27emigration see hijraEncyclopaedia of the Qur �an 15, 244, 245,

277English (language) 279Esack, F. 258, 279eschatology 109,172 and passimEthiopia(ns) 46Ethiopic 155

Europe 199, 286Arabic printing 151legal codes 217scholars 235, 278; see also Orientalists;

Western scholarshipEve 259evolution, theory of see Darwin, Ch.exegesis 10, 14, 34, 46, 49, 52, 60, 61, 62,

70, 71, 116, 119, 126, 156, 182,183, 214, 225, 235, 238, 244,246–7, 262, 274, 275, 276, 284,287, 298; see also sıra

during Muh. ammad’s life 189, 200exegetes 30, 61, 69, 183, 189, 226, 262,

281, 291, 300, 303hermeneutics 197history of 189, 307n.8ikhtilaf (diversity) 198intra-qur � anic 200, 244juridical (halakhic) 61, 190, 217,

276Kharijı 190modern 276–8, 279, 286, 287musalsal 183occasions of revelation (asbab al-nuzul)

30, 181, 185, 195, 217patriarchal 268philological 275philosophical 190political 14, 276scientific 190, 281Shı � ı 190, 207n.68, 304S. ufı 190, 275al-tafsır bi-l-diraya 205n.37al-tafsır bi-l-ma �thur 189–90, 198al-tafsır bi-l-ra � y 189–90, 197al-tafsır bi-l-riwaya 205n.37

exhortations 106, 108Ezra

Fakhry, M. 16al-Farabı 202al-Farra � 48, 49, 182fasayakfıkahum 174, 175fa �sqaynakumuhu 178n.26, 189feminism 256, 258, 268, 286Fertile Crescent 100Fischer, A. 157fit.ra 297Fleischer, H. L. 9Flugel, G. 151, 152, 241






322 General index

form criticism 60, 61freedom

of conscience 294, 295, 299of religion 201, 202, 296of will 219, 220, 221, 224, 266, 303,

304French (language) 229

epistemological methods 279Friedmann, Y. 202

Gabriel 41, 42Gaza Strip 283Geiger, A. 10, 35, 239–40,

241German (language) 239, 240

scholarship 240; see also philology/istsal-Ghazalı, Abu H. amid 124, 194, 202,

225God

attributes of 80–2, 91, 103, 219, 223,266

beautiful names 80, 169, 195, 223as creator 297, 306face of 90gender of 261justice of 90–1, 220, 302obedience to 93omnipotence 89–90, 171, 175, 176, 220,

224as qur �anic author 109as qur �anic speaker 41, 79as qur �anic subject 79–80speech of 198, 223, 261throne of 90, 92, 166unicity 185, 186, 239, 260, 297,

300vision of 41, 92word of 23, 89, 116, 121, 128, 200,

207n.74, 211, 222de Goeje, M. J. 33Goldziher, I. 7, 9–10, 12, 33, 62, 190Gospel 3, 4, 88, 97, 154, 155, 216Grabar, O. 166grammar/ians 47, 49, 50, 52, 70, 116, 182,

186, 191, 194, 199, 213, 214and exegesis 218

GranadaAlhambra 163, 169, 171, 177n.19

Greek 165; see also philosophysyllogistic reasoning 224

Gregorian chant 103

al-Guda, �Abd al-H. amıd see al-Juda, �Abdal-H. amıd

Haddad, Y. 258, 259h. adıth 8, 10, 60–2, 91, 120, 123, 126, 129,

182, 186, 191, 194, 197, 198, 199,259, 299, 302

Had. ramawt 150H. afs. b. Sulayman (d. 180/796) 32, 50, 52,

150, 151, 152, 153, 158n.10, 182H. afs.a 31, 45Haggada 87al-H. ajjaj b. Yusuf 48, 212al-H. akim al-Naysaburı 46al-Hallaj 193al-Hamadhanı 228H. amas 283Hamburg 151H. amza b. H. abıb 51, 149, 150, 151,

158n.10H. anafı, H. asan 279H. anafı(s) 156, 176, 222H. anbalı(s) 182, 196, 202h. anıf 67, 88Hannad b. al-Sarı 191h. aram (of Mecca) 24, 28, 110al-H. arashı, Muh. ammad b. Musa 191al-H. arırı 228Harun al-Rashıd 174al-H. asan al-Bas.rı 52, 181, 184, 228Hashim 24, 25, 26Haskala 9Hassan, R. 258, 259–60, 264Hawting, G. 34Hebrew (language) 9, 10, 43, 69, 98, 238Helpers 26hermeneutics 3, 11, 131, 261, 278, 292,

303, 308n.8; see also exegesisof liberation 279

Hezbollah 282al-Hibri, A. 258, 259, 260, 263H. ijaz 29, 147, 150, 169hijra 26, 29, 92, 126, 184, 202, 282Hilal al-S. abi � 174Hinckelmann, Abraham 151al-H. ıra 42Hisham b. �Ammar 50history 194

and Qur �an 240, 242, 243; see alsocodex; collection

salvation 60, 97, 102, 126, 298






General index 323

Holy Land 110Hubal 24; see also Mecca, cultic lifeHud 87al-H. udaybiya 28, 29H. umayd al- �Aqadı 191H. unayn 29h. uruf 48; see also ah. ruf; readingsH. usayn, T. aha 284hypocrites 27, 30, 84, 94, 267

Iblıs 82, 188; see also SatanIbn �Abbas 181, 184, 185, 188Ibn �Abd Rabbih 132Ibn Abı Dawud al-Sijistanı 46[ �Abdallah] Ibn �Amir 50, 149, 150Ibn �Aqıl 182Ibn al- �Arabı 194

Ah. kam al-Qur �an 195Ibn al-Athır 174Ibn �Atiyya 247n.12Ibn �Ayyash 51Ibn Dhakwan 50Ibn H. azm 194Ibn al-Jawzı 46, 132, 182–3, 184, 185, 186,

187, 188, 189Ibn al-Jazarı 51, 52[ �Abdallah] Ibn Kathır (d. 120/738) 50,

116, 149, 158n.11Ibn Kathır (d. 774/1373) 183, 189, 196–8,

302, 308n.10al-Bidaya wa-l-nihaya 196al-Sıra al-nabawiyya 196Tafsır 195, 196, 198

Ibn Khaldun 121Ibn Khallikan 163, 164Ibn Mas � ud see �Abdallah b. Mas � udIbn Mihran 51Ibn Miqsam 50, 134n.14Ibn Muh. ays. in 52, 158n.11Ibn Mujahid, Abu Bakr 50, 51, 118, 148,

149–50Ibn al-Mu � tazz 131, 227Ibn Nubata al-Khat.ıb 228Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya 202Ibn Qutayba 49Ibn Rushd 194, 225, 276Ibn Shanabudh 50, 134n.14, 149Ibn Taymiyya, Taqı l-Dın Ah. mad 183,

196–8, 200, 202Muqaddima 198

Ibn Warraq 245, 246

idha-phrases 104idols 84, 186Idrıs, Yusuf 229ıjaz 12�Ikrima 184imagery (of Qur �an) 131imam 221, 275Imam Shafi � ı tomb-mosque 123India 11, 152, 281

H. ıra Masjid 170Mutiny (1857) 281

Indonesia 121informants (of Muh. ammad) 42, 43, 44,

53inheritance 94, 265, 273, 285inimitability (of Qur �an; i � jaz al-Qur �an) 4,

43, 119, 120, 128–30, 138n.60,138n.64, 155, 214

innovation 196, 223intercession 91interest 286Internet 17, 153, 235intoxicants 187, 216; see also law; wineIqbal, Muhammad 259Iran 168, 170, 174, 176, 191, 199, 229

Islamic Revolution 279, 282Iraq 33, 37n.15, 48, 148, 193, 194Irving, T. B. 16Is.fahan 174, 175Ishmael 87, 284Islam 88, 188, 291, 299 and passim

formation 34, 110Islamic World League 277Islamicists 68Islamists 282Israel 80

Children of 301isra � ıliyyat 197Istanbul 146, 148, 152Izutsu, T. 242

jahiliyya 200, 268al-Jah. iz. 130, 228

‘Book of Misers’ 228Jalal al-Dın al-Mah. allı 150Jalal al-Dın al-Suyut.ı 150, 242al-Jalalayn 150, 152Jam 164, 168al-Jas.s. as. , Abu Bakr Ah. mad b. ‘Abdallah

188Jawharı, Tant.awı 281






324 General index

Jeffery, A. 46, 53, 68Jerusalem 11–12

Dome of the Rock xi, 147–8, 153, 163,166, 169, 170

as qibla 27, 111Temple Mount (h. aram) 170

Jesus 67, 87, 88–9, 130, 154, 165, 192,238, 284, 298

death/crucifixion 89Jews/Judaism 9, 10, 29, 34, 61, 80, 88, 89,

166, 175, 176, 216, 273, 291; seealso Bible; Medina; People of theBook; polemics; scripture; Torah

exegesis 287exile from Medina 27, 29influence on Qur �an 65–6, 239, 241law [halakha] 215Medinan tribes see Qaynuqa �; Nad. ır;

Qurayz. aopposition to Muh. ammad 27, 237Reform 239–40

jihad 283, 298al-Jılanı, �Abd al-Qadir 183jinn 4

and microbes 280John of Damascus 237Joseph 5, 27, 285al-Juda, �Abd al-H. amıd 229jurisprudence 49, 52, 61, 182, 191, 194,

211, 216–17; see also exegesis;law

sources 62al-Jurjanı, �Abd al-Qahir 130–1

Ka � ba 24, 27, 125, 127, 164, 167, 284; seealso pilgrimage; � umra

keys of 171‘purification’ of 29as qibla 27rituals/cult of 24, 65, 87, 110

Kashan 168Maydan Mosque 171lustreware 177n.13

Kemal Pasha, Mustafa 286Khadıja 24, 25, 26, 256Khairallah, Sh. 164, 167Khalaf 51Khalafallah, Muh. ammad Ah. mad 285al-Khalıl b. Ah. mad 212Khallad 51Khan, Sayyid Ah. mad 280, 281, 283

Kharijıs 220–1, 222Khaybar 24, 29, 109Khazraj 26[Imam] Khomeini 279al-Khu � ı, [Ayatollah] Abu l-Qasim

al-Musawı 281al-Khulı, Amın 285al-Kindı 240

The apology of al-Kindı 238al-Kisa � ı, �Alı b. H. amza (d. 189/805) 51, 149kiswa 164, 171al-kitab 2–3, 31, 86, 101–2, 106, 107Kufa 45, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 117, 149, 191

grammatical tradition 49, 50recitative tradition of 116

kufr 83, 84

la ikraha fı l-dın 202, 298; see alsoQ 2:256 in Qur �an citation index

Lammens, H. 33language, concept of

gendered 265–6of Qur �an 43, 44, 67, 68, 70, 127, 131sacred 43

late antiquity 35Latin (language) 1, 155, 239, 240law 30, 109, 156, 260, 274, 283, 284, 295,

302, 303abrogation of 299family 217legal theory 218Mosaic 301personal status 217schools 274, 307n.4; see also Ash �arı(s);

H. anafı(s); H. anbalı(s); Malikı(s);Shı � ı(s)

sources 283leadership (of Muslim community) 219,

221unjust 221

Lebanon 282Leemhuis, F. 48lexicography/lexicographers 191, 199, 212

Christian 69Libya 150linguists 213Lisan al- �Arab 69literary supremacy (of Q) 126literature 194, 211

Arabic 131, 167Christian 35, 61, 66–7






General index 325

Jewish 35, 61literary criticism 214Persian 131, 167Syriac 48Turkish 167

Little, D. 201liturgy; see also recitation

Christian 65Jewish 65monotheistic 102, 111recitation of Qur �an 31, 50, 65, 107,

109, 110–11, 146, 244, 274Lord, A. B. 101Lot 106Luling, G. 35, 65–7, 68–9, 100, 246Luther, Martin 239Luxenberg, Ch. 35, 53, 69–71, 100, 246

Makkı b. Abı T. alib al-Qaysı 51, 52Maghrib 52, 147, 229Mahabharata 1Mah. fuz. , Najıb 229Mah. mud Khalıl al-H. us.arı 152Malaysia 167, 229Malik b. Anas 188Malikı(s) 52, 194, 195al-Ma �mun 174, 275manuscripts (of the Qur �an) xi, xii, 15, 48,

53, 55n.28, 72n.22, 117, 146, 151Blue Qur �an xiearliest 147, 187, 274fragments xi, 100, 151script of see Arabicscrolls 146

Manzoor, P. 245al-Maraghı, Muh. ammad Mus.t.afa 19n.25,

156, 190Marracci, Ludovico 239Marrakesh

Kutubiyya mosque 165Mary 84, 89, 93Maturıdı 222Mecca(ns) 11, 23–5, 26, 28, 29, 32, 59, 61,

87, 127, 204n.13Christians 66, 67cultic life 24, 171; see also h. aram;

Ka �badialect 68, 71, 148invasion of 105markets and commercial life 24Muh. ammad’s expeditions against 27–9

noble families of 45opposition to Muh. ammad 126, 127pagans 84Qur �an copies/readers 42, 43, 45, 49, 50,

149, 151Medina 26, 27, 28, 29, 32, 59, 61, 92, 127,

149; see also Aws; Jews; Khazraj;Yathrib

challenges to Muh. ammad’s leadershipof 26–7

constitution of 26Jews of 26, 42Mosque of the Prophet 153, 170Qur �an copies/readers 42, 43, 45, 49, 50,

51siege of/Meccan expedition against see

Trench, Battle ofMernissi, F. 258Mesopotamia 61messenger(s) 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 91, 107;

see also prophetsmetaphor 86, 172, 215Middle Ages

European 238, 257Islamic 191, 192, 200, 202

milla 188minorities

religious 292miracle 42, 125–6, 281

Qur �an as (aesthetic) 4, 130, 155; seealso inimitability

misogyny [and Q interpretation] 257, 260,268

judicial evidence 258, 264male privilege 258polygyny 258, 264–5veiling 258, 267–8wife-beating 258, 264

modernists 11, 16, 219, 242, 245, 256,280, 286, 292, 304; see alsoexegesis; poets

Mongols 196monotheism 27, 33, 60; see also

Christian(s); JewsMonroe, J. 101Morocco 121, 136n.28, 167Moses 27, 87, 88, 105–6, 107, 130, 284,

298as model for Muh. ammad 87mother of 93

mothers of believers 93






326 General index

Mozart 129al-Mu � awwidhatan 153Muh. ammad 41, 284, 285

belief in his prophethood for salvation304

biography 240; see also sıradeath of 29, 216emergence of 297evolution of ideas 43as false prophet 240family of 24, 173, 176,

267farewell sermon of 109historical 62idealisation of 34as intercessor 91Islam in his lifetime 281language 211as lawgiver 216literacy of 42as madman 125as magician 125, 130marriages 27miraculous character of 126obedience to 93opponents of 129–30; see also

Mecca(ns)as Prophet/messenger 4, 6, 29, 35, 41,

42, 87, 90, 130, 154, 192, 200, 222,243, 262, 298, 303

in the Qur �an 41as qur �anic author 101revelations of 23, 25, 30, 31, 35, 41, 42,

53, 69, 86, 145, 185, 187, 243,273

self-perception 216as statesman 26, 42, 273successor to 275wives 93, 263, 267; see also �A� isha;

Khadıja; ZaynabMuh. ammad b. Bashshar 191Muh. ammad b. Salim 193Muh. ammad b. Sam 164Muh. yı l-Dın b. al- �Arabı 206n.52,

257Mujahid (d.104/722) 154Muller, M. 16, 18n.2Munich 53Muqatil b. Sulayman 181–2, 185al-Murji �a 222mus.h. af 46, 116, 145, 146

mushrikun 34, 84, 88; see also Arabs;pagans; polytheism

Christians as 67Muslim Brothers 199, 282, 283Mu � tazilı(s) 190, 214, 222, 223, 224, 243,

304myths 106

near/middle eastern 243

Nad. ır, Banu 26, 109Nafi � 50, 52, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153,

158n.10, 182Najaf 199Nanautvı, Muh. ammad Qasim 280narratives 5, 60, 105–6, 111

apocryphal 102biblical 102, 106, 107, 109, 198as genre 285historical 106as myths 284–5salvation history 106–7, 109

Nasser, Gamal Abdel 200al-Naz. z. am 214near east 35, 69; see also mythsNelson, K. 103Neuwirth, A. 63–4, 244, 246Night of Power 137n.39, 168Nishapur 51Noah 106, 285, 306n.1Noldeke, Th. 5, 9, 12, 32–3, 54n.10, 59, 64,

109, 202, 240North America 193, 199, 235, 278numerology 237

in sıra 34

oaths 110biblical 104clusters 104, 110

occasions of revelation see exegesisOrientalists 9, 50, 277, 282

anti-Orientalism 245orphans 216; see also womenorthography 68, 70, 116, 117, 187, 212Ottoman empire 151, 164, 167, 258, 276

and printing 151–2Qur �an readings in 152

pagans/paganism 34, 67, 94, 241, 282; seealso Arabs; mushrikun;polytheism

Pakistan 11






General index 327

Palestine 33Palestinian cause 227

Palmer, E. 16Pamplona 8parable 106Paret, R. 146Parry, M. 101Parvez, Ghulam Ah. mad 280patriarchy 257, 258, 260, 262

readings of scripture and 261People of the Book 84, 107, 154, 297, 302,

304, 308n.8, 308n.10pericopes 60, 61Peter the Venerable 7, 8–9, 12, 157Pharaoh 105–6, 130philology/ists 7, 14, 18n.2, 43, 116, 211,

212–15, 223, 226, 238, 241Germany 239

philosophy 14, 211, 224–5Greek 223, 224, 238

Pickthall, Marmaduke 11, 16, 203n.6Pierre Maurice de Montboissier see Peter

the Venerablepilgrimage 28, 29, 194, 284; see also � umrapluralism 300, 301, 303

democratic 7religious 201, 202, 293, 295, 296,

305theological 297

poetry 10, 67, 68, 71, 101, 127, 130–1,186, 213, 214, 225, 226–7

Persian 168pre-Islamic 66, 105, 127, 213, 214, 226,

227qur �anic condemnation of 226

poets 87, 125, 127, 130, 131, 257modernists (muh. dathun) 131

polemics 4, 7, 8, 49, 61, 105, 108, 110,166, 219, 241, 246–7

against Christians 67, 94against Jews 94against Meccans 84against Muslims 8, 238contemporary 245intra-monotheist 34, 88–9, 301secular 235

polytheism 91, 170; see also Arabs;mushrikun; pagans

prayer 51, 52, 61, 87, 108, 193,195

Friday 175, 284

ritual 109, 118, 120, 124, 170–1in Turkish 155

predestination 222; see also freedomPretzl, O. 52–3printing press 239; see also editions‘promise and threat’ 90prophets 3, 23, 27, 86, 91, 95n.9, 104, 126,

221, 261, 294, 300, 304, 307n.2;see also Abraham; Adam; Bible;Jesus; Joseph; Moses;Muh. ammad

Judaeo-Christian tradition 87Qur �an 87, 102

Psalms 105, 111, 155punishment stories 106

Qabbanı, Nizar 227Qalun 50, 150, 158n.10al-Qas.r 151Qatada 181, 184Qaynuqa � 26qibla 30; see also Jerusalem; Ka �baQuhad 176Quhrud 168qul-passages 108Qumm 199al-Qummı, �Alı b. Ibrahım b. Hashim 199Qumran 241Qunbul 50qur �an 3, 31, 43, 52, 61, 69, 101–2, 115

Christian 66–7Quraysh 23–5, 27–9, 45, 132, 181, 185;

see also Hashim; Umayyadialect of 43, 45, 70–1, 213‘mockers’ 185opposition to Muh. ammad 25, 29, 43,

127, 185, 186, 226Qurayz. a 26, 27, 28al-Qurt.ubı, Abu �Abdallah Muh. ammad b.

Ah. mad 184, 185, 186, 188, 198Qut.b, Sayyid 126, 199–200, 282–3

Fı Z. ilal al-Qur �an 200Ma � alim fı l-t.arıq 200

Qut.b al-Dın Mah. mud 174

al-Rafi � ı, S. . 126al-Rah. man 80, 94n.2Rahman, F. 243, 258, 279Ramad. an 123Ramiyar, M. 126rasm see Arabic; text






328 General index

al-Rayh. anı, Amın 227al-Rayy 191al-Razı, Fakhr al-Dın 189readers (of Qur �an) 45, 49, 50, 51, 55n.23,

70, 116, 212, 214schools of recitation 116, 212

readings (of Qur �an) (qira � at) 32, 36n.3,48–9, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54n.14, 62, 68,115–16, 117–18, 119, 120, 133n.4,133n.5, 134n.15, 148, 150, 184,187

canonical 169, 213and exegesis 274fourteen 52, 118, 148, 149and Muh. ammad 117non- � Uthmanic 32, 48, 149seven 50, 52, 118, 148, 274shadhdh 148, 150ten 51, 52, 148, 149traditions (riwayat) 70, 118� Uthmanic 48, 133n.6, 149, 214

recitation (of Qur �an) (qira �a or tilawa) 6,14, 17, 32, 49, 50, 52, 86, 98, 99,103, 104, 115–16, 118–19, 123,132, 133n.3, 153, 212

bi-l-alh. an 132contests 132at dawn 170‘excellence’ of 188by God 42khatma (completion) 123, 137n.39maqra � (recitation session) 123as mnemonic device 116and music 131nadwa 123, 132in post-qur �anic times 70, 98, 146in Prophet’s time 31, 67, 71, 97, 117,

118, 125, 127, 128, 153, 185, 188,275

and purity 128reception 6, 14, 102, 108, 125, 126,

127–8, 131, 132–3, 278and ritual 101, 212tajwıd 98, 116, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123,

132, 135n.19, 135n.20tartıl 98, 118–19, 134n.17, 135n.19,

135n.25, 152traditions 117, 274

reciters (of Qur �an) 45, 50, 116, 119, 127,131, 132, 152, 153

recordings (of Qur �an) 132, 152van Reeth, J. 53

Reineccius, Ch. 239Reland, A. 157religious sciences 182, 191, 276, 281revelation 13, 91, 236, 240, 242, 285, 294,

300–1, 304, 307n.2; see alsoMuh. ammad; signs

chronology 3, 298, 302–3in nature 84–5, 243not preserved in Qur �an 63pre-Muh. ammad 86, 87, 102, 304units of qur �anic 63, 100, 123, 127

rhetoric 214–15qur �anic conventions 61

rhyme 66; see also saj �poetic (qafiya) 98prose ( fas. ila) 67, 98, 127, 228in Qur �an verses 64, 94n.5in suras 63

Rid. a, R. 126, 156, 190, 280, 282, 304, 305,308n.10

rights (human) 202, 297Riyadh

King Khaled Airport 163, 165Robert of Ketton 8Robinson, N. 109Rodwell, J. M. 16al-Rummanı 214

Sachedina, Abdulaziz 201Sa � d b. � Ubayd 44Sadat, Anwar 282Sa � dawı, Nawal 229Sahl al-Tustarı 193–4, 195Said, E. 236, 277Sa � ıd b. al- �As. 45St Anne of Apt (veil of ) 177n.23St Petersburg 148saj � 98, 103; see also rhymeSale, George 16S. alih. 87Salim (emancipated slave) 46Saljuqs 174salvation 220, 293, 297, 298, 301, 302,

303, 305, 306; see also historySamarra � 174S. an � a � 148, 151

Great Mosque of 147, 148al-S. an � anı, Muh. ammad b. �Abd al-A � la 191Sara (Abraham’s wife) 93Satan; see also Iblıs

Satanic logic 260Saudi Arabia 11






General index 329

Schacht, J. 33, 61, 62Schwally, F. 59scribes 31, 43, 67; see also Zayd b. Thabitscript (Arabic) 147

defectiva 32, 47, 116, 117, 146, 212eastern 147h. ijazı xiKufic xi, 153, 164, 165as memory aid 68, 99, 101, 116, 274muh. aqqaq xinaskhı xi, xii, 153plena 48thuluth 153, 164western 147

scripture 1–2, 79, 86, 87, 91, 97, 102; seealso Bible; ‘book’; al-kitab;qur �an

Christian 43, 120, 128, 154, 301; seealso Gospel

Jewish 43, 120, 154; see also law,Mosaic; Torah

secularism 236, 291self-referentiality (of Qur �an) 2, 3, 274;

see also suraSells, Michael 17, 98Semitic (languages) 66, 68; see also

Arabic; Aramaic; Hebrew; SyriacSeville 194Shadhilı, Sayyid Qut.b Ibrahım Husayn

see Qut.b, SayyidShah Jahan 166shahada 7, 11, 80, 301Shah. rur, M. 284Shaltut, M. 156sharı �a 215–16; see also lawShı � ı(s) 117, 173, 176, 199, 221–2, 275,

304Isma � ılı 174, 221–2juridical school of 217, 307n.4Twelvers [Imamıs] 221–2, 275

Shu � ayb 87al-Siba � ı, Yusuf 229Sıbawayhi 213signs 60, 83, 109, 129, 256

in history 85, 98in nature 83, 85, 98, 105, 106

Sinai, Nicolai 102–3, 104sin(ners) 220, 222

original 259sıra 8, 23, 24, 26, 27, 30, 32–3, 36n.1,

37n.13, 60, 62, 110, 126, 204n.16,237, 243

inner contradictions 34prophetology 98and Qur �an variants 61

slaves 268, 273slogans (from Qur �an) 174Smith, Jane 258, 259Smith, W. C. 79Solomon 285Somalia 150soothsayer(s) 87, 98, 125Sorush, �Abd al-Karım 279Spain 8, 10, 150, 173, 194spirit 42, 81, 89Stowasser, B. 258style (of Qur �an) 42, 43, 44; see also

inimitabilitySudan 52, 150, 284S. ufı(s) 123, 193, 194, 196, 257, 266, 283;

see also dhikr; Sahl al-TustarıSufyan al-Thawrı 48sunna 62, 93, 187, 195, 197, 213, 215, 216,

217, 220, 223, 224ahl al-h. adıth 222

Sunnı 221, 222, 275, 276juridical schools of 217; see also

Hanafı(s); H. anbalı(s); Malikı(s);Shafi � ı(s)

supersession 4, 297, 298–300, 301, 302–3,305

sura 43, 44, 70, 80, 87, 91, 97–8, 99, 100,105, 106, 107, 125, 145, 167, 168,169

framing 108–9, 111interpolations 184introductory formulas 60, 108–9and legislation 93as literary genre 97, 99, 110as liturgical text 65; see also liturgyMeccan 30, 32, 42, 53, 63, 64, 99, 102,

107, 108, 181, 184, 282, 283–4early 32, 42, 64, 66, 89, 104, 106, 108,

110, 202, 228middle 32, 42, 64, 105, 107, 108late 33, 41, 42, 48, 64, 104, 107,

110–11Medinan 30, 32, 42, 64–5, 93, 99, 104,

107, 109, 111, 181, 184, 273, 282,283–4

as mnemonic devices 110Muh. ammad’s collection of 63, 145non- � Uthmanic 47oral performance of 101






330 General index

sura (cont.)ordering of 6, 62, 97, 145, 148, 184, 240and prayer 120rhetorical 111self-referentiality 110, 111structure of 64–5, 124as textual units 63, 100titles xi, 48, 97transitions between 147as unit of prophecy 63, 184

Surush, �Abd al-Karım see Sorush, �Abdal-Karım

al-Susı 50Sutra 129Syria 24, 37n.15, 47, 167, 191, 194; see

also ChristianitySyriac (language) 9, 43, 68, 69–70, 98,

101, 155, 246; see also Aramaic;Christianity; scripture

and Qur �an 53

al-T. abarı, Abu Ja � far Muh. ammad b. Jarır46, 49, 54n.14, 69, 154, 186, 189,191–3, 194, 198, 217, 276, 302,308n.10

tafsır of 192, 193, 195, 196, 214al-T. abarsı, Ah. mad b. �Alı l-Fad. l b. al-H. asan

199T. abat.aba � ı, Muh. ammad H. usayn 199, 200,

304–5al-Mızan fı l-tafsır al-Qur �an 199

Tabrız 199Tabuk 109T. aha, Mah. mud Muh. ammad 284al-T. a �if 29Taj Mahal 166, 168talismans 124, 137n.45, 153, 169, 171,

176n.5al-T. ant.awı, Muhammad Sayyid 286text (of Qur �an) 66, 68, 69; see also codex;

collection; sura; versescounting (of suras, verses, words,

letters) 1, 188, 212division 98, 123, 136n.38, 212fixation/crystallisation 13, 34, 103,

274revision 67structure 244vocalisation 32, 148

text-criticism 117, 241Tha � lab 182

al-Tha � labı, Ah. mad b. Muh. ammad b.Ibrahım 186, 188, 189, 276

Thamud 105–6theologians 43, 131

Christian 66theology 8, 13, 14, 49, 52, 130, 173, 194,

211, 223–4, 261, 295, 302, 303, 306feminist 260and philosophy 224, 225and Qur �an recitation 132, 146

T. ilib, H. . 227Tımur 171toleration 201, 202, 291, 299Torah 3, 4, 87, 88, 154, 155, 175, 238Torrey, Ch. 35translations (of Qur �an) 17, 20n.46, 70,

121, 153, 155admissibility 155–6English 11, 15–16Latin 8, 157for non-Arab Muslims 155non-Muslim 69, 157, 238, 242printed 239; see also editionsTurkish 155

transmission/preservation of Qur �an 13,14, 35, 212, 256

literary 61memorisation 31, 42, 46, 98, 109, 120,

121, 122, 199, 219oral 31, 32, 35, 61, 68, 102–3, 116, 117,

119, 120, 122, 145, 150, 152, 212;see also recitation

written 2, 31, 35, 42, 44, 50, 68, 70, 71,111, 116, 149, 150, 152, 274

Trench, Battle of 28Trinity 84, 166

intra-Christian debates about 239Tunisia 150Turkey 155Turkish (language) 155Turkish National Assembly 286al-T. usı, Muh. ammad b. al-H. asan 185, 186Tustar (Khuzistan) 193

� Ubayd b. � Umayr 292Ubayy b. Ka �b 43, 44, 47, 50Uh. ud 28, 30, 109, 218� Umar b. al-Khat.t.ab 31, 43, 45, 218Umayya (clan) 27, 29Umayya b. Khalaf 181Umm Salama 255–6, 269






General index 331

umma 26, 294ummı 31; see also Muh. ammad, literacy� umra 28unbelievers 188, 291; see also kufrUnited States 199Universal Declaration of Human Rights

284Urdu 281Urtext 60usury 286� Utba b. Rabı �a 181� Uthman 31, 44, 45, 46, 47, 50, 59, 62, 63,

116

Varamin see WaramınVenice 151verses 34, 64, 66, 70, 85, 94, 98, 167, 256,

262; see also abrogationalteration 275ambiguous 3challenge 43, 129, 138n.64, 237clausula phrase 64grouping of 64hymnal 105Kufan division 64length of 64Light 165, 170, 228; see also Q 24:35 in

Qur �an citation indexnumbering of 98, 147and prayer 120reading of (al- �amm wa-l-khas.s. ) 188rhyme 64, 103–4Satanic 185Stoning 218structure of 64Suckling 218Sword 182, 187, 218; see also Q 9:5 in

Qur �an citation indexThrone 124, 165, 169; see also Q 2:255

in Qur �an citation indexvicegerents 261; see also caliphateVienna 148vigils 101vocabulary (of Qur �an) 32, 42, 68, 71

Arabic 69–70foreign 43, 68, 213

Vollers, K. 68, 100

Wadud, A. 258, 260–1, 262, 263–4, 265,266, 267, 268

Wahb 181

Walıd b. al-Mughıra 127, 181Wansbrough, J. 33, 35, 37n.15, 60, 62, 63,

100, 146, 243–4war 273

against non-Muslims 300among Muslims 307n.7booty 273captives 270n.27first civil 33, 220interreligious conflicts 292, 293in the way of God 92–3, 94

Waramın (mosque of) 171, 175Waraqa b. Nawfal 42Warsh 50, 52, 150, 152Watt, W. M. 59, 65Weil, G. 240, 241Weiss, L. see Asad, M.Welch, A. 108Wellhausen, J. 9Wensinck, A. J. 243West Bank 283Western scholarship 23, 35, 240, 247, 277,

278 and passim; see also underindividual scholars

Whelan, E. 147Widengren, G. 243widows see womenwine 227; see also intoxicants

legislation regarding 93poetry 227

women 14, 93, 270n.27believing 267concubines 257, 270n.27equality with men 258, 266, 284obedience 263–4orphans 265polygamy 30, 218, 286property 256rights of 258slaves 270n.27subservience 262–3widows 218wives 218, 257

World War I 258, 276World War II 11, 53

Yamama 45Ya �qub al-H. ad. ramı 51, 182Yathrib 24, 26, 273; see also Medinaal-Yazıdı 52Yemen 147, 150, 174






332 General index

Zahniser, M. 109al-Zajjaj 182al-Zajjajı 213al-Zamakhsharı 188, 189, 190, 202, 215Zamzam 24Zanzibar

Kisimkazi Mosque 170al-Zarkashı, Badr al-Dın 178n.26, 188

Zawara (mosque of) 170Zayd b. Thabit 31, 42, 43, 44, 45, 145

codex of see codex, � UthmanicZaynab 27Zoroastrianism 241, 284z. ulm 262, 269n.18al-Zurqanı, M. 155, 156, 157Zwettler, M. 101






Documents

Quran citation index¯ - Cambridge University Pressassets.cambridge.org/97805215/39340/index/9780521539340_index.pdfQuran citation index 311¯ [3] Surat¯ Al¯ Imran¯ 3 3, 95n.10