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Page 1: RACING CARS - eunew - Fronter Home - itslearningwebfronter.com/.../ff_files/Home_files/images/Racing_Cars.pdf · Now all F1 cars are monocoque cars. Lots of cars in the 1970s had
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RACING CARSFrances Ridley

Rising-Stars

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nasenNASEN House, 4/5 Amber Business Village, Amber Close,

Amington, Tamworth, Staffordshire B77 4RP

Rising Stars UK Ltd.22 Grafton Street, London W1S 4EX

www.risingstars-uk.com

Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders and

obtain their permission for use of copyright material. The

publisher will gladly receive information enabling them to

rectify any error or omission in subsequent editions.

All facts are correct at time of going to press.

Text © Rising Stars UK Ltd.

The right of Frances Ridley to be identified as the author of

this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the

Copyright, Design and Patents Act, 1988.

Published 2006

Cover design: Button plc

Cover image: The Photolibrary Wales/Alamy

Illustrator: Bill Greenhead

Technical artwork: IFA Design

Text design and typesetting: Nicholas Garner, Codesign

Technical advisor: Mark Rendes

Educational consultants: Cliff Moon and Lorraine Petersen

Pictures: Alamy: pages 4, 5, 8, 9, 12, 14, 15, 20, 22, 25, 31,

32, 34, 37, 38. Motoring Picture Library/NMM: pages 5, 7,

9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33,

34, 35, 36, 37. Getty Images: pages 6, 19, 31, 33, 36, 37

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be

reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in

any form by any means, electronic, mechanical,

photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior

permission of Rising Stars UK Ltd.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data.

A CIP record for this book is available from the British

Library.

ISBN: 1-905056-94-X

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3

Racing cars 4

The 24 Hours of Le Mans 6

Le Mans cars 8

Ford GT40 10

Porsche 917 12

Audi R8 14

Fixing the Morgan (Part one) 16

Formula One circuits 18

Formula One cars 20

Cooper T51 22

Lotus 79 24

Williams FW14B 26

Fixing the Morgan (Part two) 28

WRC rallies 30

Rally cars 32

Audi Quattro SWB 34

Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution V 36

Lancia Delta HF Integrale 38

Fixing the Morgan (Part three) 40

Quiz 44

Glossary of terms 45

More resources 46

Answers 47

Index 48

Contents

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4

Le Mans cars

race all day and

all night.

They are fast and

reliable. They

must keep going

for 24 hours

without breaking

down.

Racing cars

There are lots of different motor races.

Different kinds of cars race in them.

The Bentley Speed 8

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World Rally Cars

race on tarmac,

gravel and snow.

They are fast and

very stable.

Formula One cars

take corners

very fast.

They grip the

track well.

The Renault R25

The Subaru Impreza

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Le Mans drivers used to run to their

cars from the other side of the track.

This was stopped after 1969 as it

wasn’t safe.

6

The 24 Hours ofLe MansLe Mans is a town in France.

It holds a 24-hour race each year.

The first Le Mans was held in 1923.

The Le Mans start

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The Le Mans circuit is 8.5

miles long.

It is mostly made up of

country roads that have been

closed off.

The car that does the most

laps in 24 hours is the winner.

Mulsanne Straight

Start/Finish

Forest

Bugatti Circuit

Dunlop Bridge

Porsche Curves

Mulsanne Corner

KEY

The Le Mans Circuit has many famous landmarks.

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Le Mans carsTop speed is important in a Le Mans car.

Speed recordThe top speed record at Le Mans

was set by Roger Darchy.In 1988 he drove a WMP88Peugeot at Le Mans.It got to 251.7mph along

the Mulsanne Straight.

The Peugeot 905 racing at Le Mans in 1992

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Top teams since 1923

Bentley5 Le Mans winners

in the 1920s

Alfa Romeo4 Le Mans winners

from 1931 to 1934

Ford4 Le Mans winners

from 1966 to 1969

Ferrari9 Le Mans winners

since 1949

Jaguar7 Le Mans winners

since 1951

Porsche16 Le Mans winners

since 1970

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Ford GT40

Ford wanted to race a car in Le Mans.

It tried to buy Ferrari in 1963 but Ferrari didn’t

want to sell.

So Ford made its own Le Mans car – the GT40.

Fast Facts!

Top speed 165 mph

0-60 mph5.5 seconds

Engine type V8

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In 1966 the GT40 won

Le Mans and beat Ferrari!

The GT40 won the next three

Le Mans.

In 1969 it beat the Porsche 908

by a few seconds.

In 1970 the new Porsche 917

won Le Mans and the glory

days of the GT40 were over.

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Porsche 917

Porsche made the 917 in only ten months.

The first model was lightweight and powerful,

but it wasn’t stable.

So Porsche changed the car’s shape.

The new shape was much more stable.

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The 917 won Le Mans in 1970 and 1971.

Porsche had raced cars at Le Mans since 1953,

but the 917 was Porsche’s first winner.

Fast Facts!Top speed 247 mph0-60 mph

2.7 secondsEngine type Flat 12

Fast Fact!

The 917/20 was painted

pink. Its nickname was

‘The Pink Pig’.

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Audi R8

Fast Facts!Top speed 205 mph0-60 mph

3.3 secondsEngine type Turbo-charged V8

In 1999 the R8 raced in its first Le Mans. It came third.

It won Le Mans five times between 2000 and 2005.

The R8 is the most successful LMP car of all time.

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Speed is not the only secret of

the R8’s success.

• It doesn’t need to stop for

petrol as often as other cars.

• Its engine has never let it

down in a race.

• It can be serviced in record

time.

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Fixing the Morgan

(Part one)

Eddie sat on the bench. He had fixed the old

Morgan’s engine at last.

He felt happy but sleepy. He closed his eyes.

“Come on, Freddy!”

He woke with a jolt – a girl was pulling him

across a road!

The Morgan was in front of them. But it wasn’t

old – it was new.

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What was going on? This wasn’t Grandad’s

garage!

The girl pushed him into the car.

“Come on, Freddy!”

She jumped in and started up. The car pulled

out with a roar.

Eddie looked round.

There were lots of old cars – and they were all

going at top speed!

“Where are we?” Eddie said.

“Gosh, Freddy!” said the girl. “What’s up with

you? This is Le Mans 1937!”

Continued on page 28

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Formula OnecircuitsThe Formula One Championship started in 1950.

It is run by the FIA.

F1 cars race on circuits. The circuits are in

different countries. Each circuit is different.

The Monza circuit opened in 1922 and is the fastest

F1 track. Monza is an Italian circuit.

Cars can average speeds of

126 mph here.

Start/Finish

KEY

Variante AscariLesmo

RoggiaVariante

Curva Grande

Parabolica

The Monza circuit

McLaren racing

at Monza in 1997

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Monte Carlo is the only F1 circuit that uses public streets.

The streets are closed for the race.

Start/Finish

KEY

Nouvelle Chicane

Swimming Pool

RascasseAntony Nogues

Massenet

Mirabeau

Casino

Tunnel

Tunnel

Tabac

Ste Devote

Loews

Portier

The Monte Carlo circuit

Fast Fact!

The circuit goes past the seafront.

Two F1 cars have crashed

into the sea at Monte Carlo!

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Formula One carsFormula One car makers follow FIA rules.

The rules make the championship fair and safe.

But each F1 team wants its car to be fastest.

The teams are always making changes to the

cars. The FIA has to change its rules to keep up!

The Lotus 25 was the first

monocoque car to win the

championship.

Monocoque

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21

Now all F1 cars are monocoque cars.

Lots of cars in the 1970s

had ‘skirts’. Skirts made

the cars very fast.

Many drivers were badly

hurt or killed. The FIA

banned skirts in the 1980s.

Skirts

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Cooper T51

The Cooper T51 was the first mid-engined

car to win the F1 championship.

It didn’t have a powerful engine but it was

very fast.

Engine

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Jack Brabham drove the T51 in the 1959 and 1960

World Championships.

He won the drivers’ championship both times.

Cooper won the car-makers’ championship both times.

Then other F1 teams started putting the engine behind

the driver.

The Cooper car company didn’t win any more

championships. It closed in 1968.

Team Facts!

T51 racing years 1959-1963

Number of races 25

Number of wins 5

Jack Brabham

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Lotus 79

The Lotus 79 was based on the Lotus 78.

The Lotus 78 was a ‘wing’ car that had ‘skirts’

on both sides.

The skirts helped to suck the car to the ground.

This was called ‘ground effect’.

The Lotus 78 was the fastest car

in the 1977 World Championship

but it didn’t win.

Its engine wasn’t reliable.

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The Lotus 79 had a much

better engine and it won

six Grands Prix in 1978.

Mario Andretti won the

drivers’ championship.

Lotus won the car-makers’

championship.

Team Facts!Lotus 79 racing years 1978-79

Number of races26Number of wins

6

Mario Andretti

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Williams FW14B

Mansell won the first five races.

He won nine races during this

championship – this was a record.

Nigel Mansell won the 1992 World Championship.

It was a great year for him.

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The car Mansell won in was the

Williams FW14B.

The FW14B had a Renault V10

engine. This engine was powerful

but didn’t use much fuel.

The FW14B also had active-ride

suspension.

This made the car very fast.

Team Facts!

FW14B racing years 1992

Number of races32

Number of wins17

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Fixing the Morgan

(Part two)

The Morgan was small but it was nippy.

The girl drove very fast.

“Come on, Pat,” she muttered. “You can do it,

girl.”

“Pat?” said Eddie.

“Yes,” said the girl. “What is it?”

So that was her name.

“Nothing,” said Eddie. “You’re driving well.”

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“Gosh, Freddy!” said Pat. “You must have been

hit on the head. You never say things like that

– I’m your sister, remember?”

But she had gone pink. She was happy that he’d

said it.

Eddie was right – she did drive well.

She had a lot of guts and she handled the car

well.

But the race wasn’t over yet …

Continued on page 40

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WRC ralliesThe World Rally Championship started in 1973.

It is run by the FIA.

Each rally event is different.

Start/FinishKEY

1

1 4

3 6

2 5

7

8 1112 14

7 10

13

9

15

17 20

16 1915 18

Leg One Rally Route

Leg Two Rally Route

Leg Three Rally Route

Special Stage locations Leg One

Special Stage locations Leg Two

Special Stage locations Leg Three

The Cyprus rally has lots of

bends. The cars race on

sandy tracks and steep roads.

The Cyprus rally circuit

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The first Monte Carlo rally

was in 1911.

The first WRC Monte Carlo

rally was in 1979. The cars

drive on narrow roads.

The Swedish rally is cold

and snowy.

The cars use studded tyres.

The fastest rally is in Finland.

The cars drive on loose,

smooth gravel.

There are lots of jumps.

31

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Rally cars

Group B cars were fast

and powerful.

There were lots of crashes.

Group B racing was

stopped in 1986.

Rally car makers have to follow FIA rules.

In the 1980s there were Group A and Group B cars.

The Ford RS200 Group B rally car

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In 1997 World Rally Cars started racing.

World Rally Cars are faster than Group B

cars, but they are much safer.

Citroën won the car-

makers’ championship

from 2003 to 2005.

Sebastian Loeb won

the drivers’ championship

in 2004 and 2005.

This is the Citroën Xsara T4 WRC

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Audi Quattro SWB

The Audi Quattro was a Group B rally car.

It was the first rally car to have four-wheel drive.

Four-wheel-drive cars had always been very heavy.

People didn’t think they were good for racing.

Audi used glass fibre to make the Quattro.

The car was lightweight and it handled

well. It was a great rally car.

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Stig Blomqvist drove the

Quattro in the 1980s.

He won the drivers’

championship in 1984.

Audi won the car-makers’

championship in 1982 and

1984.

Fast Facts!

Top speed 154 mph

0-60 mph 5.0 seconds

Weight1303 kg

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Mitsubishi LancerEvolution V

Tommi Mäkinen drove the Evo V in 1998 and

Mitsubishi won the car-makers’ championship.

Mäkinen won the WRC drivers’ championship

three times in the Evo V.

The Lancer Evolution was a Group A rally car.

Mitsubishi raced its first Evo in 1993.

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The Lancer Evolution series

are all World Rally Cars.

Fast Facts!Top speed 147 mph0-60 mph 4.7 secondsWeight

1436 kg

This 1999 Evo T is named

after Tommi Mäkinen.

The Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution VIII

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Lancia Delta HFIntegrale

Lancia has won eleven World Rally Championships.

Six of these were won by the Lancia Delta Integrale.

No other car has won as many World Rally

Championships.

Fast Facts!

Top speed 140 mph

0-60 mph 3.2 seconds

Weight1232 kg

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The Delta HF Integrale has wide wheel arches and a

wide front bumper.

The front bumper looks good but it does an important job,

too.

It gives more space to take in air – this helps to cool

down the powerful engine.

Lancia won the car-makers’

championship from 1987 to 1992.

No other company has won

six times in a row.

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Fixing the Morgan

(Part three)

It was Eddie’s turn to drive.

He had driven Grandad’s old Morgan but he

had never driven it this fast!

“Get a move on!” said Pat.

Eddie felt better when he had done a few laps –

but he still wasn’t as fast as Pat.

Pat was mad by the time it was her next shift.

“We’ve lost loads of laps!” she said. “You’re not

yourself today.”

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It was dark, but Pat still drove at top speed.

She overtook other cars before Eddie even saw

them.

Eddie drove even slower on his next shift.

It was so dark!

“Drive faster!” shouted Pat.

He put his foot down. The car roared. It felt

great!

“Freddy!” shouted Pat.

There was a car in front.

Eddie pulled at the steering wheel and

the Morgan crashed into a bush!

“Now you’ve done it!” said Pat.

Continued on the next page

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Eddie lifted the bonnet and looked at the

engine. He smiled.

“I can fix this!” he said to Pat.

“But you’re rubbish with engines, Freddy!”

she said.

Eddie got to work.

It didn’t take long.

“It’s done!” he said to Pat.

“Freddy, that’s great!” said Pat. She kissed his

cheek.

It was Eddie’s turn to go pink.

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Pat did most of the driving after that.

“The engine is running much better,” said Pat.

“What did you do to it?”

“Oh, this and that,” said Eddie.

He felt happy but sleepy. He closed his eyes.

He woke with a jolt.

Grandad was shaking his arm.

“It’s lunchtime,” said Grandad. “Been having a

nap?”

“Er, something like that,” said Eddie.

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Quiz1 How many hours is the Le Mans race?

2 What was the ‘Le Mans start’?

3 How many times did Bentley win Le Mans in the

1920s?

4 What was the nickname of the Porsche 917/20?

5 Name the fastest F1 circuit.

6 How many F1 drivers have crashed into the sea at

Monte Carlo?

7 Name the first monocoque car to win the F1

Championship.

8 What car did Mansell drive in the 1992 F1

Championship?

9 Name the first rally car to have four-wheel drive.

10 Name the car that has won the most World Rally

Championships.

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Glossary of terms

active-ride suspension A computer changes the car’s suspension.

FIA Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile.

The FIA holds motor racing events and

championships around the world.

flat 12 Engine with 12 cylinders laid flat.

landmarks Places that stand out.

LMP An LMP car is just made for high-speed racing

at Le Mans.

mid-engined Engine in the middle – behind the driver.

monocoque Base frame and body are made from one piece.

reliable Won’t break down easily.

serviced Checked and repaired.

stable Won’t roll over easily.

turbo-charged A way of making an engine more powerful.

V8 Engine with 8 cylinders in a V-shape.

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More resources

Books

Racing Cars, Ian Graham, Designed for Success Series, HeinemannLibrary (0-431-16569-6)This book looks at how racing cars are made. It looks at racing cardesign and tells you how racing car engines work.

Into the Red: 22 Classic Cars that Shaped a Century of Sport,Nick Mason and Mark Hales, Virgin Books (1-852-27202-3)Nick Mason drives 22 cars round Silverstone – and reading thisbook is like being there with him! The book comes with a CD ofengine sounds.

Magazines

Autosport Magazine, Haymarket PublishingA monthly magazine about motor racing.

Motorsport News, Haymarket PublishingA weekly newspaper about motor racing.

Websites

http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsportBBC website –MotorsportInformation and news about all kinds of motor racing.

http://www.racingsportscars.comThis website has lots of photos of different racing cars and races.

DVDs and Videos

The World’s Greatest Rally Cars (2001) (Cat. No. DMDVD4301)British rally driver Colin McRae looks at the cars that have shapedthe world of rallying.

Le Mans (1971) (Cat. No. PHE8326)This film stars Steve McQueen. It is one of the best racing films evermade. Much of the film was shot at Le Mans.

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1 24 hours

2 The drivers ran across the track to their cars.

3 5

4 The Pink Pig

5 Monza

6 2

7 The Lotus 25

8 The Williams FW14B

9 The Audi Quattro SWB

10 The Lancia Delta HF Integrale

Answers

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Index

Andretti, Mario 25

Audi Quattro SWB 34-35

Audi R8 14-15

Bentley Speed 8 4

Blomqvist, Stig 35

Brabham, Jack 23

Citroën Xsara T4 WRC 33

Cooper T51 22-23

Cyprus rally 30

Darchy, Roger 8

FIA 18, 20, 21, 30, 32

Finland rally 31

Ford GT40 10-11

Group A cars 32, 36

Group B cars 32, 34

Lancia Delta Integrale 38-39

Le Mans start 6

Loeb, Sebastian 33

Lotus 25 20

Lotus 78 24

Lotus 79 24-25

Mäkinen, Tommi 36-37

Mansell, Nigel 26-27

McLaren 18

Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution36-37

Monte Carlo F1 circuit 19

Monte Carlo rally 31

Monza F1 circuit 18

Peugeot 8

Porsche 908 11

Porsche 917 11, 12-13

Renault R25 5

Subaru Impreza 5

Swedish rally 31

Williams FW14B 26-27

WMP88 Peugeot 8

World Rally Cars 33

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9 781905 056941

ISBN 1-905056-94-X

The most famous tracks in the world.

The fastest racing cars ever seen.

Find them all inside this book.

Rev up and read on!

£5.00

http://www.risingstars-uk.com