Ray Resendes Intelligent Technologies Research Division National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Ray Resendes Intelligent Technologies Research Division

Ray ResendesIntelligent Technologies Research Division

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

Ray ResendesIntelligent Technologies Research Division

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

Overview of NHTSA Research

for Enhancing Safety

ITS America Annual MeetingJune 4, 2007

Overview of NHTSA Research

for Enhancing Safety

ITS America Annual MeetingJune 4, 2007

The Crash EpidemicThe Crash Epidemic

15,200,000 Total Crashes

4,304,000*Property Damage Crashes

1,816,000* Injury Crashes

9,000,000 Unreported Crashes

*Police-Reported

43,44343,443FatalitiesFatalities

(2005)(2005)

Fatal CrashesFatal Crashes 39,189*

Top 10 Leading Causes of Death in the

United States for 2001, by Age Group

Top 10 Leading Causes of Death in the

United States for 2001, by Age Group

Motor Vehicle Fatalities

Motor Vehicle Fatalities

32,127 32,225 32,043 32,843 31,904 31,693 31,415

2,483 2,897 3,197 3,270 3,661 4,008 4,553

7,107 6,823 6,956 6,892 7,078 6,935 7,475

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

99 00 01 02 03 04 05

Passenger Vehicle Occupants Motorcycle Riders Truck & Bus Occupants/Non-Motorists

Motor Vehicle InjuriesMotor Vehicle Injuries

3,236,000 3,189,0003,033,000

2,926,000 2,889,0002,790,000

2,699,000

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

99 00 01 02 03 04 05

Automotive Technologies

Timeline

Automotive Technologies

Timeline

2014

Electronic Stability Control

Adaptive Cruise Control

Lane Departure Warning

Roll Stability Control

Blind Spot Warning

Brake Assist

2010

Driver Warning

& Driving

Assistance

SystemsRear-End Collision Avoidance System

2006

Automatic Braking

Road Departure Warning Systems

Intersection Collision Avoidance

Systems

Alcohol / Impairment Detection

Automatic Collision Notification

Night Vision

Integrated Safety Concept

Crash Time Line

Integrated Safety Concept

Crash Time Line

Severity Reduction

Prevention Injury Mitigation

Medical Attention

Developed by: Joseph N. Kanianthra

Warn Intervene Protect Notify

Research Mission and GoalsResearch Mission and Goals

• Advance Scientific Knowledge in Support of NHTSA's Mission

– Identify Opportunities for Increasing Safety• Crashworthiness, Crash Avoidance, Restraint systems

– Understand Performance of Advanced Technologies• Crash Prevention, Crash Severity Reduction, Integrated Safety

– Develop Objective Tests to Discriminate Performance

– Address Human-Vehicle Performance Issues

– Retain Leadership in Human Injury Research

– Support Rulemaking, Consumer Information and Enforcement Programs Research Programs in Vehicle Safety

Pre-Crash Scenario Typology

Total of 36 scenarios = 99.4% of all light vehicle crashes

No Scenario Frequency Rel. Freq.1 Rear-end/lead vehicle stopped 975,000 16.4% 16%2 Control loss/no vehicle action 529,000 8.9%3 Turn @ non signal 435,000 7.3%4 Rear-end/lead vehicle decelerating 428,000 7.2%5 Road edge departure/no maneuver 334,000 5.6%6 Changing lanes/same direction 338,000 5.7%7 Animal/no maneuver 305,000 5.1% 40%8 Straight crossing paths @ non signal 264,000 4.4%9 Running red light 254,000 4.3%

10 Turning/same direction 222,000 3.7%11 Left turn across path/opposite direction @ signal 220,000 3.7%12 Rear-end/lead vehicle moving 210,000 3.5%13 Left turn across path/opposite direction @ non signal 190,000 3.2%14 Backing into vehicle 131,000 2.2%15 Opposite direction/no maneuver 124,000 2.1% 27%

949,000 16%Remaning 21 Scenarios

Relevant Technologies that may Help Avoid a Crash

Relevant Technologies that may Help Avoid a Crash

Rear-End – 29%• Forward Radar

•Adaptive Cruise Control

•Brake Assist

•Vision Enhancement

Road Departure – 23%•Electronic Stability Control

•Lane Departure Warning

•Lane Keeping

•Curve Speed WarningIntersection – 26%•Forward Radar

•Vehicle Communications

•Violation Warning

•Emergency Brake Light

Lane Change/Merge – 9%•Blind Spot Detection

•Side Radar

Backing – 2%•Rear-View Camera

•Backing SensorPedestrian/Cyclist & Animal– 6%•Night Vision

Crash Avoidance Parameter Estimation

Crash Avoidance Parameter Estimation

Crash Problem

Definition

Crash Problem

Definition

Performance Specifications/

Test Procedures

Performance Specifications/

Test Procedures

Field Operational

Test

Field Operational

Test

System Design/ Build

Counter-measure Concepts

Crash Data

Exposure Data

Crashes Avoided = No. Crashes (1 – Crash Prevention Ratio Scenario Exposure Ratio)

Measuring the Safety Impact

Measuring the Safety Impact

• Adaptive Cruise Control17% Reduction

• Rear-End Crash Warning26% Reduction

• Road Departure Crash Warning32%Reduction

Electronic Stability Control Research

Electronic Stability Control Research

• Developed over-steer prevention performance test for NPRM.

• Researching under-steer mitigation and roll stability control (RSC) for light vehicles.

• Researching Heavy Truck ESC and RSC systems.

• Anticipate future rulemaking

Advanced Collision Avoidance Technologies

(ACAT)

Advanced Collision Avoidance Technologies

(ACAT)

Integrated Vehicle-Based Safety Systems

Integrated Vehicle-Based Safety Systems

Rear-end, run-off-road, and lane change crash

countermeasure systems could prevent over 48% or 1,836,000

target crashes.

4

IVBSS Program Schedule

System Design

Conduct FOT

FOT Start 07/08

FOT End 07/09

Perform independent evaluation

Gov’t-initiated activity

Partner-led activityPreparatory Analyses

Prototype vehicle testing

Build FOT Fleets

Build prototype vehicles

DVI/HF Testing

Program Start 12/05

Benefits 12/09

Functional Requirements Performance Guidelines

4/07-9/07

Go/No Go Decision

12/07

P2

P1

LatRLCWRFCW

VP2

VP1VS, LatVS

Avoid RE with slower POV1, then encounter LC with adjacent POV2

Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance System (CICAS-V)

Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance System (CICAS-V)

CICAS-V$19 B

2,700 Fatalities

Within-Intersection$18 B

2,500 Fatalities

Intersection-Related$1.0 B

230 Fatalities

Traffic Signal$12 B

1,200 Fatalities

Stop Sign$6.2 B

1,300 Fatalities

Traffic Signal$490 M

100 Fatalities

Stop Sign$540 M

130 Fatalities

Crossing Path Only

$12 B1,100 Fatalities

Crossing Path Only

$6.0 B1,300 Fatalities

Crossing Path Only$260 M

<100 Fatalities


<100 Fatalities

Non-Crossing Path

$210 M<100 Fatalities

Non-CrossingPath


Non-Crossing Path


Non-Crossing Path


CICAS-V$19 B

2,700 Fatalities

Within-Intersection$18 B

2,500 Fatalities

Intersection-Related$1.0 B

230 Fatalities

Traffic Signal$12 B

1,200 Fatalities

Stop Sign$6.2 B

1,300 Fatalities

Traffic Signal$490 M

100 Fatalities

Stop Sign$540 M

130 Fatalities

Crossing Path Only

$12 B1,100 Fatalities

Crossing Path Only

$6.0 B1,300 Fatalities


<100 Fatalities


<100 Fatalities

Non-Crossing Path


Non-CrossingPath


Non-Crossing Path


Non-Crossing Path


Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2

Task 1

Task 2

Task 3

Task 4

Task 5 Benefits & Acceptance

1/08 6/08 6/09 6/10

Phase I Phase II

Specifications

Go/No Go

Objective and subjective data collection

DVI research

System design

Build & validate

prototype

Build fleet & conduct FOT

Alternative DVIs Safety Data

Specifications Test Procedures

System Prototype

CY 2008

Perform independent evaluation

CY 2009 CY 2010

Test Procedures Start FOT End FOT Final Report

CY 2006 CY 2007

7/09System testing and

Objective Test Validation

7/08VSC System Test Bed

11/08Objective Test Procedures

11/08

11/07DSRC+Positioning onlySafety System

5/08

DSRC+Positioning and Autonomous Sensing

Safety System Analysis -Paper Study

10/07VSC System Definition

8/07VSC and Autonomous Safety Systems

11/08

11/07

3/07 Standards and Other DOT

Programs

11/09Overall VSC-A

Project Activities

VSC-A Schedule

Vehicle Safety Communication Applications

Vehicle Safety Communication Applications

DSRC DSRC

Candidate Safety Applications

Candidate Safety Applications

• Emergency Electronic Brake Lights (EEBL)

• Forward Collision Warning (FCW)

• Intersection Movement Assist (IMA)

• Blind Spot Warning + Lane Change Warning (BSW + LCW)

• Do Not Pass Warning (DNPW)

Driver Monitoring Systems

Driver Monitoring Systems

• Safety Belt Reminder Systems

• Distraction Monitoring System

• Teen Driver Monitoring

• Alcohol Impairment Monitoring

SAVE-IT

In-Vehicle Impairment Detection

Concluding RemarksConcluding Remarks

• Research Supports Rulemaking Needs

• New Technologies Offer New Opportunities for Enhancing Safety

• Effectiveness Evaluation is Essential for Facilitating Deployment

• Seamless Integration of Crash Prevention and Occupant Protection is the Future

• Leveraging Resources and Collaborative Efforts Needed

• Limited Longer-Term Research Will Help

Thank You!Thank You!

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