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Title of text

1 Swissair Intensifies Unicef Commitment

2 Boxers teach bullied pupils to hit back

3 Good Eggs

4 Drunken wife's smash with police

5 Butt seriously this is worth £1,500

6 Dentist's painful way to extract payment

7 Quick gun check system crawls to a start

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CONTENTS

Contents

Collecting mon-ey for Unicef

Boxing courses for bullied pupils

Dinosaur eggs found

Accident caused by a drunken driver

Selling famous people's things at an auction

Conflict between a den-tist and non-paying clients

A new system of checking gun buyers in the USA

Grammar reminder

Passive voice

Infinitive and -ing structures

Relative clauses

Simple past • Past continuous • Past perfect

Passive voice

Causative

Present and Past partici-pIes

References to topics

Charities • Travelling by air • Money • The euro • International organisa tions

Sports • Stress at school • Aggression • Building self-confi-dence

Animals • Zoo • Endangered species • Nature parks • Environmental protection

Driving • Traffic • Accidents • Police • Male/female differences

Famous people • Being a star • Collecting things • Hobbies

At the doctor's • Health care • Handling conflicts

Weapons • The right for self-defence • Crimes • Police • Hunting • War and peace

9

15

22

29

38

45

53

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Title of text Contents

8 Thefts are Stealing Irish a bad sign for road signs tourists

9 Tales of the Unexpected and unexpected unnoticed preg-

nancy

10 Concern Computer over the addiction cyberjunkies whoOD on IT

11 The Life An experiment Doctor to break family

cliches

12 Conversations Living after with virtual death through granny the computer

13 Punk Baby A controversial Jesus and nativity scene the three Mas-ters of the Universe

14 Europe votes EU law to ban to ban tobacco adver-tobacco tising adverts

8

Grammar reminder

Simple past • Present perfect

Mixed tenses

Infinitive of purpose • To make sb do sth

Reported speech

Relative clauses • Conditional

May • Might • Should • Would

Infinitive and -ing structures • Conditional

References to topics

Travelling • Tourism • National characteristics • Ireland

Family planning • Bringing up children • Love and friendship

Using computers • Various addictions

Family tree • Handling family conflicts • Emotions • Personal characteristics • Family therapy

Information technology • New scientific discoveries • Ethics in science • Life and death

Christmas and other holidays • Customs • Gift-giving • Shopping • Modern arts • Religion

Smoking • Addictions • Bad habits • Health • Advertising • TheEU

60

67

75

84

92

101

110

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UNIT 1 Swissair Intensifies Unicef Commitment

Before you read

Task You can see both sides of an envelope that can be found on Swissair flights. Look at it and match the right caption (a-d) with pictures 1-4 on the envelope.

a) MAKE A DONATION TO UNICEF, PLEASE PUT THE MONEY IN THIS BAG b) UNICEF AND THE CHILDREN OF THE WORLD THANK YOU FROM THE BOTTOM OF THEIR HEARTS c) IF YOU HAVE FOREIGN CURRENCY LEFT OVER IN YOUR POCKETS AND WOULD LIKE TO d) AND HAND IT TO THE FLIGHT ATTENDANT

Please help the children (~lthe world

Danke - Thank you - Gracias - Merci

unicef~~

. .

Grazie

,

j <D -

. ~., <f~

® ,. If ..

<

- .-

~, Name

Address

ZIP c(Jde,Clty,Coun!ry

SWlssalr.,~" SWISS Committee for UNICE::f- Crl-8050 iWlch P~·lonp +.11 1 '{ 1 .' bL

Task Discuss the following questions in pairs or sma" groups.

1. Do you think it is a good idea to collect donations for UNICEF in this way? Why/why not? 2. Have you ever taken part in any charity activity? If so, what was it? 3. What is your opinion of charity? Do you think it is a good way of helping those who need it?

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Read the text

Change for Good Swissair Intensifies Unicef Commitment

A As of the beginning of October, Swissair, together with UBS, is expanding its commitment to Unicef within the framework of the program Change for Good. Whereas formerly collections for 5 C the children of the world were only car-ried out on long-haul flights, they will now also take place on short-haul routes.

B Thanks to this aid program, over 8 mil­lion dollars has been collected by 13 air- 10

lines (Swissair passengers alone con­tributed CHF 900,000 for two years.) The idea behind the campaign is as sim-ple as it is obvious: experience has shown that each international passenger returns 15

to his home country with approximately three francs worth of foreign money -coins that cannot be changed back into

Check your understanding

his own currency. Instead of having this change land in a drawer somewhere, it can be used to improve the quality of life 20 of children worldwide. For this purpose, specially marked envelopes have been placed in the seat pockets on short-haul flights (on long­haul flights they are inside the plastic 25

bag that contains your headphones). You can place any amount of small change -in any currency - in these envelopes and hand them to your flight attendant dur­ing your trip. The entire amount of the 30

change that is collected is turned over to Unicef, which also supports the charities sponsored by the Swissair Foundation.

(Swissair Gazette)

Task Choose the best answers to these questions according to the text. Circle a), b) or c).

1. From this October Swissair will a) start its new program Change for Good. b) join the other 12 airlines in the program Change for Good. c) modify the program Change for Good.

2. Experience has shown that people a) easily give as much as 3 francs for charity. b) have about 3 francs in foreign currency when returning home. c) are happy not to take home foreign change.

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3. You are asked to put a) any small change in the envelopes. b) a minimum of three francs in the envelopes. c) notes and coins in separate envelopes.

Task Find the words in the text which the following words refer to. Write them in the spaces provided.

1. its (linc 2) ................................................. . 5. his (1i11c 18)

2. they (Iinc 7) ................................................. . 6. it (linc 19)

3. it (linc 14) 7. they (linc 25)

4. his (lillc 16) 8. them ((inc 29) .................................................. .

Vocabulary development

Task Decide if the following words are used as verbs or nouns in the text by writing verb or noun in the spaces provided.

1. place (Ii flC 8) 6. land ((inc 19)

2. campaign (linc 13) ....................................... . 7. place (linc 27 )

3. experience (lillc 14) .................................... . 8. hand (linc 29)

4. returns (lillc IS) 9. trip (lillc 30)

5. change (linc 19) 10. supports (linc 32)

Task Use the words in the box either as nouns or verbs to fill in the gaps in the following paragraph. Change the form of the words if necessary. You will not need 2 of the words.

campaign • return • land • hands • trip • experience • change • place • support

I like animals that is why I ............................ CD the Cats Protection League, which runs a very

effective ................................ (]) to protect the

cats' rights. Of course you have to be careful to

................................ ® your money in a trust­

worthy charity but they have got a lot of

................................ @) in how to use the aid in

the best way. Some people say charity will not

................................ ® the world and you can

never know where your money will

................................ ® or who will lay their

................................ (j) on it, anyway.

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Task In Column A you can find words from the text. Fill the gaps in the sentences in Column B with the correct form of each word.

Column A Column B

1. INTENSIFY He is learning English on an ..................................... course.

2. COMMITMENT I asked her what she thought but she refused to

......................................... herself.

3. EXPAND Nothing can stop their economic .................................... .

4. FLIGHT I am ..................................... out to Hong Kong tomorrow.

5. COLLECT He has got a fine ..................................... of paintings.

6. CONTRIBUTE Thank you for your ..................................... .

7. IMPROVE My teacher wrote on my test: 'This is a great .................................... !'

8. CONTAIN The ..................................... of your essay is excellent.

Task Find expressions in the text which could replace the underlined expressions in the summary. Write the expressions in the spaces provided.

Thanks to the program Change for Good, more than (par

B) 8 million dollars has been collected. The collections will

be performed (par A) both on short- and long-haul flights

in the future. We know from experience that each interna­

tional passenger arrives home with about (par B) three

francs worth of metal money (par B). Passengers are asked

to place any quantity (par C) of small change in special

envelopes and to give (par C) them to their steward or

stewardess (par C) during the trip. The total (par C) sum

of money that is collected is given to (par C) Unicef,

which will use it to improve the quality of life of children

all over the world (par B).

1 ................................................ .

2 ................................................ .

3 ................................................ .

4 ................................................ .

5 ................................................ .

6 ................................................ .

7 ................................................ .

8 ................................................ .

9 ................................................ .

10 ................................................ .

Task 0 Combine each expression in Box A with a preposition in Box B. Fill in the gaps with the completed expressions. You can refer back to the text to see how the expressions were used there.

A

instead ... (par B) ... this purpose (par C)

the idea ... (par B) thanks ... (par B)

as ... (par A) ... the framework (par A)

12

B

of (2 x) to

behind for

within

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............................................. CD November new rules will be introduced at ten Somerset pubs

................................... ® of a cultural campaign .................................... ® the campaign is that

there is too much bad language in pubs and something should be done against it

................................... @) putting up with it ......................................... ®, special 'swear boxes' will

be installed and the money collected will be turned over to charity. ................................... ® the

White Hart pub in Taunton, which has piloted the 'swear box' for half a year, £500 has been

raised for a hospital baby unit.

Grammar reminder - Passive voice

Task Study the following extracts from the text and change the sentences (1-10) below into the Passive .

... collections were only carried out on long-haul flights ...

... over 8 million dollars has been collected ...

.... coins that cannot be changed back ...

... it can be used to improve the quality of life ...

... specially marked envelopes have been placed ...

... the entire amollnt is turned over to Unicef ...

1. Three snowballs hit the professor.

2. Children cannot open these bottles easily.

3. His teachers were discussing his oral exam right in front of him.

4. Somebody had slipped a love letter under the door.

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5. They will collect the fines on Tuesday.

6. My son has eaten all the homemade cookies.

7. Someone is interviewing Pat at the moment.

8. Customers must not use that door.

9. The government built a road right outside her front door.

10. We will celebrate his birthday on Saturday.

Follow-up activities

1. Discuss in pairs or small groups which methods of collecting money for charity are the most effective. Complete the list if necessary.

• Street collection • Door-to-door collection • Church collection • Collection at work • Shop-counter collection • Television appeal • Appeal letter • Appeal advertisement • Raffle tickets • Charity event • Jumble sale • Charity shop

2. Write a paragraph of approximately 80-100 words about a charity campaign that you approved of/disapproved of very much. Give your reasons for your likes or dislikes.

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UNIT 2 Boxers teach bullied pupils to hit back

Before you read

Task Discuss the following questions in pairs or small groups.

* 1. Have you ever experienced bullying in your school?

2. What could be done against bullying? 3. How can you help young people gain

self-confidence? 4. Why are Japanese sports such as aikido

or karate so popular these days? 5. What do you think of boxing?

Task Write the names of the different kinds of sports in the chart below. Some sports may belong to more than one category. Collect more sports to complete the lists.

aikido • basketball • boxing • diving • fishing • football • golf • handball • high-jump • horse-riding • hunting • ice-hockey • judo • karate • long-jump • rowing • running • sailing • shooting • skating • skiing • surfing • swimming • throwing the javelin • volleyball • water-polo • wrestling

Water sports

Athletic sports

* frightening or hurting a weaker person

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Team sports

Winter sports

Fighting sports

Country sports

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Read the text

Boxers teach bullied pupils to hit back

A A Women-Only boxing club thinks it 1

has an answer to school bullies - teach­ing victims how to defend themselves.

B Jayne Mowbray, Britain's first female boxing coach, has opened one of her 5

three weekly sessions at the Dunferm­line club to youngsters of both sexes who are being bullied. "It's something we don't advertise," she said, "but any kids who have been bullied are welcome 10

to come along with their parents. The idea isn't to equip them to hit back but to build their self-confidence by showing them how to hit the punch-bags and moves in sparring so they can stand up 15

for themselves if necessary". C More than a dozen bullied teenage boys,

and a couple of girls, from the surround­ing Fife area have been tutored in the noble art by Miss Mowbray, 28, a social 20

worker. Among the first was the 14-year-old son of a primary-school teacher in Dunfermline. "Apart from other things, the bullies twisted his legs round a lamppost, and I decided that was 25

enough," his mother said. "I'm not an advocate of boxing - I hate to watch it on television - but I know Jayne and trust her judgement. My son had never thought about boxing until I took him 30

to Jayne's club, but what she has taught him has given him rules to live by. He now has the confidence to hold his head high and walk away, knowing he can handle himself if things turn nasty. But 35

he hasn't been bullied since."

Check your understanding

o The 47-year-old teacher was so impressed that she subsequently joined the club herself, and now works out and spars with the 18 other females who attend 40

what is believed to be the world's first boxing club run by women for women. Her 17-year-old daughter also donned headguard and gloves after watching her brother, and has taken boxing as part of 45

her Duke of Edinburgh Award certif­icate. "Although boxing gets a bad press, what happens here is not about knock­ing each on the head, or inflicting black eyes and bloody noses", her mother 50

says. "It's about learning how to defend yourself but also how to balance your­self properly and get into shape - I have lost nearly three stone. It is as much a social exercise as a physical one. Although S5

he enjoyed it and now knows how to box, my son has no desire to take it up seriously. He's quiet and more into com­puter studies, which is probably why he was a victim of bullying in the first 60

place." E Miss Mowbray said: "We see the kids

change in front of our eyes. Some are in their first year at high school and are quite small, but when they walk out of here 65

after a few sessions they are 10 feet tall, holding their heads high. We are not turn­ing them into instant fighting machines, simply boosting their confidence and building their self-esteem. 70

(The Independent on Sunday)

Task Fill in the gaps in this short summary with words from the text. Use the correct form of the words.

Jayne Mowbray is a ................................................ CD and a ........................................................ @

She runs a ................................................ ® in Dunfermline. She seems to be the first female

coach who allows .......................... 0 to attend boxing courses. In one of her weekly sessions she

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is prepared to teach young boys and girls who .......................................................................... @.

According to Miss Mowbray, punching will help young people .............................. ® themselves

and build ......................... ...................... 0 A primary-school teacher, who otherwise

................................ ® boxing, says that Miss Mowbray's course has ........................ ® her son

........................... ® to live by. Besides learning how to defend yourself, you may also get

...................................................... @ and lose some weight. Miss Mowbray says it's good to see

young people learn to hold .................................................................................... @.

Task Find the expressions in the text which the following words refer to. Write them in the spaces provided.

1. it (hllc I) 5. I (/illc 26)

2. who (hllc 8) 6. her (lille 44)

3. them (hllc I.:;.) 7. he (lil1e 56)

4. his (lillc 24) 8. some (lillc 63)

Vocabulary development

Task Find the words in the text which have a similar meaning to the expressions below. Write them in the spaces provided.

1. woman ......................................................... (par B)

2. firm trust ......................................................... (par B)

3. boxing ......................................................... (par B)

4. deal with; control ........................................................ (par C)

5. afterwards ........................................................ (par D)

6. train the body ........................................................ (par D)

7. put on e. g. clothes ........................................................ (par D)

8. increase; help ......................................................... (par E)

Task Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with a word taken from the text. Use one word for each sentence from the box below.

surrounding • advocate of • subsequently • inflicting • balance • desire • boost

1. He is a lifelong ...................................... environmental protection.

2. The new tax system is supposed to ...................................... domestic production.

3. There are several distilleries in the ...................................... area.

4. He ...................................... decided to quit and start his own business.

5. He has always had a strong ...................................... to get rich.

6. How long can you ...................................... on one foot?

7. He was accused of ...................................... a severe wound on his father.

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Task In Column A you can find words from the text. Fill in the gaps in the sen-tences in Column B with the correct form of each word.

Column A

1. DEFEND

2. EOUIP

Column B

The Great Wall in China was built as a ................................. against nomadic peoples.

They are a leading company in office ...................................... .

3. MOVES She was a prominent figure of the .................................... to promote women's rights.

4. JUDGEMENT He's been appointed a High Court ................................... .

5. IMPRESSED You need to make a good .......................................... if you'd like to get the job.

6. SOCIAL Marketing is a major activity in a consumer .................................. .

7. PRESS The ........................... of city life forces many people to move to small villages around Budapest.

8. ENJOYED The band was playing so loudly that it was hardly ............................ .

Task Complete the phrasal verbs with appropriate prepositions from the box.

after • away • in • off (3x) • on • over (2x) • round • through • to • up (2x)

1.

2.

3.

4. GET

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10. TAKE

11.

12.

13.

14.

have a holiday

start a journey

perform in a particular situation

overcome or master sth

avoid regulations without acting illegally

make contact by telephone

resemble (one's father or mother) in appearance or character

make (e.g. a dress) narrower or tighter

(of an aeroplane) leave the ground and start to fly

remove clothes from one's body

gain control of a business

start sth (e.g. a job)

occupy a specified space or time

accompany sb to a place (e.g. the theatre)

Task Fill the gaps in the following sentences with the correct form of the verbs get or take.

1. I think I should .......................... this blouse in at the breast.

2. We'll have to .......................... off early in the morning.

3. My time is fully .......................... up with writing my dissertation.

4. The plane had to return to the airport 40 minutes after it had ............................... off.

5. After the concern .......................... over the company, more than 200 people were dismissed.

6. She's never been able to .......................... over the death of her parents.

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7. He always .......................... his wife out to dinner on the anniversary of their wedding.

8. We'd love to .......................... away for a few days after the school year finishes for the kids.

9. He is going to .......................... up the new position next week.

10. How is your son .......................... on at school?

11. My granny always made us ....................................... off our shoes in the hall before we entered her flat.

12. Lawyers have to be good at .......................... round regulations.

13. I've phoned a hundred times, but I haven't .......................... through to him yet.

Task Fill in the gaps with the words in the box below if it is necessary. You may need to use the same word more than once.

back • by • into • on • out • to • up

1. You make people's lives easier if you give the rules to live ....................................... .

2. Nobody has an answer ................... every question.

3. Many fathers think boys should be able to hit ...................... if they are hurt.

4. Many people joined ................... the boxing club in Dunfermline.

5. I decided to take .............................. a special course in presentation skills.

6. I work ........................ regularly to keep fit.

7. He knocked his opponent ........................ the head so hard that he almost died.

8. Few people dare to stand ........................... for their rights.

9. Water turns ......................... ice when it freezes.

Grammar reminder - Infinitive and -ing structures

Task Study the following extract from the text. Re-write the sentences below using similar structures. Remember that sometimes you can use an -ing structure instead of the infinitive.

We see the kids change in (rant o( our eyes. (par E)

1. All the neighbours can hear when he sings opera arias in the bathroom.

2. The car crashed into the wall. Nobody saw it.

3. I saw them the other day. They were walking hand in hand.

4. They quarrelled so loudly last night that we could hear them through the wall.

5. Her parents didn't notice when she came home.

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Task Study the following extract from the text. Re-write the sentences below using similar structures.

The teacher and thet8 other females attend what is believed to be the worldls fi'rst boxing club. (par D)

1. Everybody believes that this is the best solution.

2. Everybody thinks that he earns a fortune in his new position.

3. Parents usually consider him a good maths teacher.

4. People think that top managers have a comfortable life.

5. Since he didn't come home after the war, everybody thinks he died at the front.

6. Pupils consider maths and physics difficult subjects.

7. Everybody believed that Peter had stolen the bicycle.

Task Fill in the gaps in the following sentences using the infinitive or the -ing form of the verbs given.

1. They taught the kids how .......................... (DEFEND) themselves.

2. I've never had enough confidence .......................... (TELL) him what I thought.

3. I often think about .......................... (QUIT) my job and .......................... (MOVE) to a new place.

4. It might be difficult to believe, but she's always been an advocate of (WRESTLE).

5. Give her something .......................... (DRINK), please.

6. Small boys often become victims of .......................... (BULLY).

7. Anyone interested in folk traditions is welcome .......................... (JOIN) the folk dance club.

8. My son has a strong desire .......................... (PLAY) the guitar in a band.

9. Karate seems to be about .......................... (TURN) young kids into fighting machines, some people would say.

10. I'd like to take up music lessons and .......................... (DANCE).

11. Nobody is allowed ................................ (ENTER) the x-ray room when the light is on.

12. Heavy smokers are often unable to give up ...................................... (SMOKE) even if they want to.

13. I couldn't shout. I was too frightened even ...................................... (SAY) a single word.

14. He is a lecturer so he's used to ...................................... (TALK) to a larger audience.

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Follow-up activities

1. Give your opinion about the following statements. Work in pairs.

a) Aggressive behaviour among young people is on the increase. b) Television bears responsibility for making young kids aggressive. c) It is impossible to stop aggression in school unless there is severe punishment. d) It's always the boys who bully the weak.

2. Write a paragraph of approximately 120-150 words for the Advice Column of your daily paper. Write your opinion for a mother who is considering taking her 7 year­old-son to a new school because he's been bullied at school for several months.

3. Look at the pictures and discuss what they suggest.

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Before you read

UNIT 3 Good Eggs

Task Write the names of animals in the box under the appropriate heading.

bear • lizard • dolphin • snake • salmon • turkey • swallow • donkey • antelope • mosquito • snail • butterfly • crocodile • mouse • duck • carp • lion • parrot • eagle • fox • giraffe • sheep • sparrow • turtle • guinea-pig • octopus

Mammals Reptiles Birds Fish

Task Discuss the following questions in pairs or small groups.

1. Why do you think some ancient animals, e.g. mammoths or dinosaurs, became extinct a long time ago?

2. Why do you think cartoonists and toy makers so often use the figure of a dinosaur?

3. Do you have a dino toy or mascot? Why do many people have a mascot in their bags or in their cars?

22

Insects Mollusks

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Read the text

ORIGINS

Good Eggs

A Last week National Geographic and the journal Nature announced the discovery of one of the largest deposits of dinosaur eggs ever found, including the first fossils of embryo skin ever seen by human eyes.

D The team will return to Auca Mahuevo in

B Titanosaurs - 45-foot-Iong relatives of the behemoth known as Brontosaurus - laid the eggs along a flood plain in what is now Argentina 70 million to 90 million years ago. The site was quickly dubbed Auca E Mahuevo, after the Spanish for "more eggs".

C Expedition co-leader Luis Chiappe, of the American Museum of Natural History, says they've recovered partial skeletons of three-dozen embryos, each about 15 inches long. But it's the exquisitely preserved skin that really excites the scientists, the fossils are helping them understand how dino­saurs changed as they grew.

Check your understanding

March, hoping to recover enough speci­mens to construct a complete "ontological series", a set of embryos representing each stage of dino development. They may find clues about dinosaur behaviour, too, including whether newly hatched titano­saurs could stand on their own four feet and fend for themselves. Auca Mahuevo is almost certainly the best record of dinosaur life ever uncovered. Other fossil beds are threatened by development and poachers, but the new site has been established as a dinosaur reserve, the first in Argentina. "You never know what you'll find the next time you look," says Chiappe. At Auca Mahuevo, it seems, the paleontolo­gists will have a chance to find out.

(Newsweek The International Magazine)

Task Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to the text. Write T (true) or F (false) in the boxes provided.

1. Scientists had never found more than one dinosaur egg in one deposit previously.

2. The name of the place means "more eggs" in Spanish.

3. The dino skin will help find out how dinos changed during the thousands of years.

4. The team would like to find more eggs.

5. Scientists have discovered that newly hatched titanosaurs could stand on their own feet.

6. The new site is not threatened by development and poachers.

7. The reserve in Argentina is the first dino reserve in the world.

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Task Answer the following questions in no more than 6 words.

1. What was the most significant find of the expedition?

2. What do scientists hope to find out about dinos by studying the fossils?

a) .................................................................................................... .

~ .................................................................................................... .

3. What is an ontological series?

4. Why does Auca Mahuevo seem to be the best record of dinosaur life?

5. What does the sentence "You never know what you'll find the next time you look" (par E) refer to?

Vocabulary development

Task Find the words or expressions in the text which have a similar meaning to the expressions in Column 8. Write your answers in Column A.

Column A

1 ...................................................... .

2 ...................................................... .

3 ...................................................... .

4 ...................................................... .

5 ...................................................... .

6 ...................................................... .

7 ...................................................... .

8 ...................................................... .

9 ...................................................... .

10 ...................................................... .

24

Column B

remains of a prehistoric animal or plant (par A)

area beside a river which is occasionally flooded (par B )

framework of bones supporting an animal or a human body (par C)

beautifully, finely (par C)

thing taken as an example of its group/class (e.g. for scientific research or for a collection) (par D)

fact, idea, or piece of evidence that suggests a possible answer to a problem (par D)

break out of an egg (par D)

look after oneself (par D)

person who catches game birds, animals or fish with­out permission on sb else's property (par E)

scientist specialised in studying fossils as a guide to the history of life on earth (par E)

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Task Choose the expression from Column B which most closely agrees with the meaning of the underlined word in the extract in Column A. Circle the appropriate letter.

Column A

1. deposit of dinosaur eggs (par A)

2. a relative of the behemoth (par B)

3. the site was dubbed (par B)

4. they've recovered skeletons (par C)

5. each stage of development (par D)

Column B

a) sum of money put in a bank account b) amount of a substance laid down or left some­

where

a) somebody or something who is related to an­other usually by family relation

b) not absolute, comparative

a) give sb/sth a nickname b) add to or replace the soundtrack of a film in a

different language

a) find again sth stolen or lost b) return to a normal state of health, mental condi­

tion, etc.

a) platform in the theatre on which plays are per­formed

b) period or step in the development or growth of sth

6. established as a dinosaur reserve (par E) a) area of land reserved as a habitat for nature conver­sation, or reserved for occupation by a native tribe

b) sth put aside and kept for later use

Task Fill in the gaps in the sentences below with the correct form of the words in the box. You can check the meanings in Task 6.

deposit • dub • recover • relative • reserve • stage

1. I've seen a Western film .......................... into German and it sounded very funny.

2. He made two ......................... of $ 200 last week, which the police found very strange.

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3. I don't like sitting too close to the ................................ Heavy make-up on the actors' faces always makes me disillusioned.

4. My mother was born in Transylvania and at Christmas we always visit our ..................... . there.

5. He is 95 now and doctors say he is not likely to ........................................ from his pneumonia.

6. When I was in America, I visited the Cherokee Indian ............................... and I bought some souvenirs in their shops.

7. At this ............................. it is impossible to tell whether the government and the strikers can reach a compromise or not.

8. A thick ............................ of mud lay on the fields when the flood went down and it made the land of Egypt exceptionally fertile.

9. They are living in ............................................................. comfort now, at least compared to what they had to endure earlier.

10. No bodies were ............................. in the wreck.

11. Which city is ................................... the Venice of the North?

12. The issue of bank notes used to rely on the countries' gold ................................... .

Task Fill in the following chart with the correct forms of the given words.

Expression in the text

1. announced

2. preserved

3. excites

4. scientists

5. construct

6. representing

7. threatened

8. established

Verb Noun Adjective

Task Use the correct form of the words in Column A to complete the sentences in Column B.

Column A Column B

1. ANNOUNCED When I was young, I wanted to be a TV ............................................... .

2. PRESERVED My grandmother could make the best apricot ............................... in the world.

3. EXCITES She couldn't conceal her ................................................ She blushed and then turned pale.

4. SCIENTISTS They carried out ............................................... research on the side-effects of the new drug.

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5. CONSTRUCT Many people work illegally in the ............................................... industry.

6. REPRESENTING They have sent questionnaires to BOO ............................................... of the teaching profession.

7. THREATENED Politicians often receive ......................................... letters and telephone calls.

B. ESTABLISHED The local government has decided on the ................................................ of a new library.

Grammar reminder - Relative clauses

Task Study the following examples from the text (Column A) and how we can re-write them using a relative clause (Column 8). Study the position of the past participle (third form of the verb) in the sentences in Column A.

Column A

They announced one of the largest deposits of dinosaur eggs ever toulld ...

... including the first fossils of embryo skin ever seell by human eyes.

Auca Mahuevo is the best record of dinosaur life ever ul1covered.

It's the exquisitely preserved skin that really excites the scientists.

... whether Ilewly hatched titanosaurs could stand on their own four feet.

Column B

They announced one of the largest deposits of dinosaur eggs \X'hlch had ever been found ...

. .. including the first fossils of embryo skin thm had eller been seen by human eyes.

Auca Mahuevo is the best record of dinosaur life that has el'er been IIncovered.

It's the skin that has beC/1 preserved exquisitely that really excites the scientists.

. .. whether titanosaurs which had just hatched could stand on their own four feet.

Task Re-write the following sentences. Use an expression with a past participle instead of the relative clauses in italics.

1. The discovery which was announced last week caused a great excitement in the world.

2. The eggs which were deposited along a flood plain were found by an international expedition.

3. The fossils which were recovered along a flood plain in Argentina are 70 to 90 million years old.

4. The site which was dubbed Auca Mahuevo is situated near to a river in Argentina.

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5. The embryo skin which they have just foul1d il1 Argel1til1a will help scientists understand how dinosaurs changed as they grew.

6. The specimens they have recovered may enable scientists to construct a complete "ontological series" .

7. There are many fossil beds in the world that are threatel1ed by deve/opl11wt t1l1d poachers.

8. The dinosaur reserve which has bew /lew/v established will attract both scientists and tourists in the future.

Follow-up activities

1. Discuss the following questions in small groups.

a) Does it make any sense to study fossils? Can people learn anything useful from it? Why? Why not?

b) Which animal species are threatened by extinction now? What are the reasonsc. c) What can scientists and ordinary people do to prevent the extinction of animals? d) What organisations have you heard of that protect animals' rights?

2. Write a short review (in 120-150 words) of a film or book that features animals or a particular animal.

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UNIT 4 Drunken wife's smash with police

Before you read

Task Discuss the following questions in pairs or small groups.

1. What means of transport do you know? What are their advantages and disadvantages? 2. Which is the most/least dangerous way of transport? Why? 3. Why are there so many accidents on the roads? 4. Can you drink and drive in your country? If so, how much is the drink-drive limite Do you

know how it is regulated in other countries? 5. Do you think banning alcohol while driving can decrease accidents? Why? 6. Have you ever driven after drinking alcohol? / Would you drive after drinking alcohol?

Task Label the following picture by writing the appropriate number (1-7) in the spaces provided.

1. accident • 2. tyre • 3. roundabout • 4. traffic sign • 5. dual carriageway • 6. northbound carriage way • 7. central crash barrier

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Read the text

Text 1 Drunken wife's smash with police

A A drunk woman drove five miles the wrong way up the Al and smashed into a police car travelling to an accident at over 100 mph, a court heard yesterday.

B Almost three and a half times over the blood alcohol limit after two bottles of wine, she carried on for a further 14 miles on just two tyres, went around a roundabout three times and crashed into a road sign.

C But despite expecting to spend Christmas in jail, charity worker Joyce Forbes, 49, walked free from Teesside Crown Court.

D Mrs Forbes, of Northallerton, North York­shire, with a clean driving record for 23 years, pleaded guilty to dangerous driving and excess alcohol on July 18.

E Judge Tony Briggs accepted a psychiatric report that she was suffering from a de­pressive illness and alcoholism and put her on probation for two years and banned her from driving for five.

(Daily Mail)

Text 2 Wrong-way driver hit police car after party

F A woman who got drunk at a party drove five miles the wrong way up a dual car­riageway and struck a police car which was travelling at over 100 mph, a court was told yesterday.

G Joyce Forbes, 49, who was almost three and a half times the drink-drive limit, carried on along the Al in North Yorkshire for another 14 miles, ending up on only two tyres, Teesside Crown Court was told.

H Forbes, of Thornton-Ie-Moor, Northalerg­ton, pleaded guilty to dangerous driving with excess alcohol on July 18. She was put on probation for two years, ordered to do 120 hours' community service and disqual­ified for five years.

I Peter Makepeace, defending, said Forbes was suffering from depression and alcohol­ism. She had expected to go to jail.

30

J Forbes, a fundraiser for Barnardos Homes, had attended a charity night in Sowerby with her ll-year-old daughter. She drank two bottles of wine.

K The court heard that she was upset and emotional when her husband arrived to take her home. When she was left alone in the car she set off for home five miles away.

L She drove south on the northbound car­riageway of the Al. Near Rainton Services her Ford Escort was clipped by a police Volvo estate heading for the scene of an accident.

M The police car hit the central crash barrier and spun around, its driver receiving a whiplash injury.

Forbes was eventually arrested after crashing into a traffic sign.

(Daily Telegraph)

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Check your understanding

Task Put the following statements in chronological order according to what happened. Write numbers 1-12 in the boxes.

a) Mrs Forbes went around a roundabout three times. b) Mrs Forbes was arrested. c) Mr Forbes went to the party and wanted to take his wife home. d) The court put Mrs Forbes on probation. e) The Ford Escort hit the police car. f) Mrs Forbes drove 14 miles south on the northbound carriageway. g) Mrs Forbes drank two bottles of wine at the charity party. h) The Ford Escort crashed into a road sign. i) Mrs Forbes pleaded guilty to dangerous driving and excess alcohol. j) The police car hit the central crash barrier and spun around.

k) Mrs Forbes drove five miles south on the northbound carriageway. 1) Mrs Forbes got angry and left for home alone in the car.

1.0 2·0 3·0 4·0 5·0 6·0 7·0 8·0 9·0

10·0 11. 0 12·0

Task In which text(s) can you find the answer to the following questions? Tick the appropriate boxes below and answer in no more than three words where possible.

1. What is Mrs Forbes' job?

2. Which road was Mrs Forbes driving on?

3. How fast was she driving before the accident?

4. How fast was the police car driving before the accident?

5. Where was the police car going to before the accident?

6. Was Mrs Forbes hurt in the accident?

7. Was anyone in the police car hurt in the accident?

8. How many times did she go around the roundabout?

9. Where had she drunk the two bottles of wine?

10. What did Mrs Forbes tell her husband at the party?

11. How far does Mrs Forbes live from the place of the party?

12. Had she recently caused other car accidents?

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Text 1 Text 2 Both Neither

31

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Vocabulary development

Task For each of the underlined expressions from Text 1 find one expression in Text 2 which has a similar meaning. Write them in the spaces provided.

Text 1 Text 2 Drunken wife's smash with police Wrong-way driver hit police car

1. The police car was travelling to an accident. (par L) .................................................................. .. (par A)

2. Mrs Forbes was well over the blood alcohol (par G) ...................................................... """"",,. limit. VJar B)

3. She crashed into a road sign. (par B) (par M) ........ """"""""" .... """ ... " ...... ,,",, .. ,, .........

4. Mrs Forbes was suffering from a depressive (par J) """" .... """ .... " .. """"" .. " .. "" ...... """ ........ ". illness. (par E)

5. The judge banned her from driving for five (par H) " .. "" .. "" .. """""" ........ """" ...... """" .. " ..... years. (par E)

Task Find verbs in the texts which describe the collision of two thing(s) or person(s). Write the verb forms in Column A. In Column B write the thing(s) or person(s) colliding. One has been done for you as example.

Column A Column B

1. (pm A) ...... " ........... sl1Tashed into " ... a drul1k womal1 & a police car " ....

2. (,Jar B)

3. (title or Text 2) """" .... """" .... "" ........ "" .... """" ........ "

4. (par F) " .. " ...... """ .... "" .......... "" .. """" .... """"

5. (par L)

6. (par M)

7. (par M)

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Task Match the expressions in the box with the definitions below. Write them in the spaces provided.

report • probation • injury • accident • excess • court • community service • injury • charity • limit • scene • jail

1 ...................................................... .

2 ...................................................... .

3 ...................................................... .

4 ...................................................... .

5 ...................................................... .

6 ...................................................... .

more than is needed or allowed

damage or harm done to a person's body

organisation for helping the needy

the place where an event happened

place where law cases are held

unexpected event which causes damage

7 ...................................................... .

8 ...................................................... .

9 ...................................................... .

official document prepared by a specialist on a subject

organised work that is done in order to help other people

greatest or smallest amount allowed or possible

10 ..................................................... . period of time during which a criminal is not sent to prison but is under official su pervision

11 ...................................................... . place where criminals are kept to punish them for their crlmes

12. ...................................................... physical harm or damage to someone's body caused by an accident or an attack

Task Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. In each case choose one verb from the box. Use the correct form of the verbs.

suffer • put • ban • receive • plead • arrest • accept • expect • order • defend • spin • attend • hear • head

1. They had a quiet wedding - only a few friends ................................... it.

2. Three policeman ................................... minor injuries in the accident.

3. Do you ................................... from headaches?

4. At first he denied blackmailing the lord but then he ................................... guilty.

5. The court did not ................................... the specialist's report as it was not satisfactory.

6. He was ................................... from the meetings because he always caused scandals.

7. The court will ................................... the case in May.

8. You can't ................................... to learn a foreign language in a week.

9. She had been ................................... on probation after six months in prison.

10. The police ................................... the thief and put him in prison.

11. The doctor ................................... me to stay in bed.

12. She didn't have a lawyer but ................................... herself successfully in court.

13. He was so hungry that he ................................... straight for the fridge.

14. The roulette players silently watched the wheel ................................... round.

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Task The words in the box are taken from the texts. Group them according to their meaning.Task

northbound carriageway • injury • arrest • crash • scene • blood alcohol limit • smash • road sign • court • ban • dual carriageway • police car • spin around • judge • traffic sign • central crash barrier • probation • jail • hit • driving record • drink-drive limit • disqualify • roundabout • tyre • dangerous driving • community service • struck • clipped • driver • excess alcohol

Road

34

Traffic ------------,-------- Law

Car Accident Person

Traffic law

----~-

\\\""\ \\\\\\\\\\HH",HIIII\\ 11\\11t11l""I.

,,"\' "" \ '" '''' ''II'" ,\\\\\ '" \ ,,, \t\\\ \. \ \\, \\\\

'ttM'" fll'-'" l\\\tUIiI ,tl/Ii IIlelf (III f/tJ IItlIItHf""ItIItIHfl' \I'

\lll\(\I\I(\II\II(Il(\\

\\\\\1\\1\\\\ \t\l \\~ \\.

Decision Place

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Task Fill in the gaps in the following summary. Use one preposition of place or movement for each gap from the box below.

on • in (3x) • into (2x) • at (2x) • to • near • away • towards • around (2x) • up • over (2x) • along • from • for

Joyce Forbes got drunk .................... CD a party .................... ® Sowerby. Her husband wanted to

take her home but she was upset and set off .................... ® home when she was left alone

.................... 0 the car. Her home was only five miles .................... ® but she drove ................... .

® the A1. Then she drove five miles the wrong way .................... (j) the dual carriageway and

smashed .................... ® a police car .................... ® Rainton Services. The police car was travel-

ling .................... @ an accident .................... @ .................... © 100 mph. The police car hit the

central crash barner and spun .................... @.

Mrs Forbes carried on ....................... @ the Al ......................... @ just two tyres, went

..................... @ a roundabout three times and crashed ..................... @ a traffic sign. She was

almost three and a half times ..................... @ the blood alcohol limit.

She expected to spend Christmas ....................................... ® prison but she could walk free

.................... @ Teesside Crown Court.

Task Read the following sample sentences and match the prepositional phrases in Column A with the correct definitions in Column B. Write letters a-i) in the boxes provided.

1. She is really the best, she carried off most of the prizes for swimming. 2. After striking the police car the woman carried 011 along the A1. 3. Jean makes good plans but she cannot carry them through. 4. Her first, childless marriage el1ded il1 divorce. 5. We el1ded off the meal with coffee and brandy. 6. The drunken woman caused an accident, drove on and el1ded up on only two tyres. 7. The civil war set brother agail1st brother. 8. After the party Mrs Forbes set off for home. 9. The government has set up a committee to look into the problem of drug abuse.

Column A Column B

1. carry off D a) Finish sth (in a suitable or successful way)

2. carryon D b) Finish sth successfully (when it is difficult to do)

3. carry through D c) Reach a certain place or situation (which was not the original intention)

4. end in D d) Make sb compete with or be hostile to (a friend, relative, etc)

5. end off D e) Begin (a journey, race, etc)

6. end up D f) Continue (doing sth)

7. set against D g) Establish or create (a company, business, institution, course, etc)

8. set off D h) Finish in a particular way

9. set up D i) Win sth

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Task Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. In each case choose one expression from the box. Use the correct form of the verbs.

carry off • end in • set against • carry on • end off • set off • carry through • end up • set up

1. It's a difficult job but she's the person to .................... it .................... .

2. If you want to catch that train you should .................................... for the station immediately.

3. He ........................................ his speech by telling a very funny joke.

4. She accused her ex-husband of . ..... .... ...... .... their children .................... her.

5. Tom ........................................ the gold medal in the tennis championship.

6. When he married he left his father's shop and ........................................ his own business.

7. If you continue to steal, you'll ........................................ in prison.

8. 'I am not boring you, am I?' 'No, no .......................................... '

9. They could not agree, the discussion ........................................ a quarrel.

Grammar reminder - Simple past • Past continuous • Past perfect

Task Read the following simplified sentences from the article and put the underlined expressions in the boxes below. Comment on the verb forms and use of tenses.

A drunk woman drove five miles the wrong way up the Al and struck a police car which was travelling at over 100 mph. She carried on for a further 14 miles, went around a roundabout three times and crashed into a road sign. Forbes had attended a charity night in Sowerby. She drank two bottles of wine. Peter Makepeace said Forbes was suffering from depression. She had expected to go to jail.

Simple past Past continuous Past perfect

Task Use Simple past, Past continuous or Past perfect in the following text.

It .......................................... (BE) CD a lovely day, the snow ......................... (FALL) 0 gently. I ..................................................................... (SIT) G) in the train compart-

ment and I ............................................. (FEEL) @) quite happy. I ......................... .

(JUST HEAR) ® that I ............................................................... (WIN) ® first prize in a

lottery and I .......................................... (THINK) (]) about what to do with the money.

Suddenly the woman opposite me ............................................ (PULL) ® out a gun.

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Follow-up activities

1. The two articles are from the Daily Mail and The Daily Telegraph. Compare them carefully.

Points to consider:

• Length of the article • Details included • Language style

2. Act out the hearing in the court. Use the information of the articles but you can also invent details.

Possible roles:

• Mrs Forbes • Tony Briggs, judge • Peter Makepeace, counsel for the defence (lawyer acting for the accused person) • Counsel for the prosecution (lawyer who tries to prove that the accused person is guilty) • Psychiatrist • Policeman who received injury in the accident • Policeman who arrested Mrs Forbes • Witnesses (guests at the charity night or eyewitnesses at the scene of the accident, etc)

3. Choose from the following:

a) Mrs Forbes has to write a report about how the accident happened and what she did before and after the accident. Write this report in 180-200 words on her behalf.

b) Mrs Forbes writes a letter to her friend about the accident and what happened after that. Write this letter on her behalf in 180-200 words.

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UNIT 5 Butt seriously this is worth £ 1,500

Before you read

Task Discuss the following questions in pairs or small groups.

1. Many people like collecting things. Make a list of the things that are often collected. 2. Have you ever collected anything? What? 3. Do you know anyone who collects famous people's photos or autographs? Talk about him/her. 4. How or where can you get, find or buy the things that you collect? 5. What is an auction house? 6. Have you ever been to an auction? If so, what did they sell? 7. Is there anything you would be prepared to pay a fortune for? What's that?

Task Which of the famous people in Column A do you think the items in Column B belong or belonged to? What do you know about these people?

Column A 1. Elton John 2. John Lennon 3. Madonna 4. Jimi Hendrix 5. Muhammad Ali 6. King Charles I

Read the text

Column B a) underwear b) cigarette c) a pplica tion

form d) hair locks h) drugs box i) hat and sun

glasses

Buff seriously this is worth £1 ,500 A A London auction house wants to sell you

a cigarette butt for £1,500. Any newsagent will sell you a whole cigarette for 17 pence. So why the huge mark-up? The butt on sale was smoked by John Lennon.

38

Next month the cigarette end - attached to a piece of paper signed by the Beatles and with a sample of Lennon's hair attached - will go under the hammer at Bonhams. The Lennon butt is merely the

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latest piece of bizarre ephemera on offer to eager customers. If someone achieves fame -or infamy - someone else will want to buy their old exam papers, cushions, even their ashtrays. And respected auctioneers - who once dealt only in masterpieces - are happy to satisfy the demand.

John Vincent presents some recent auction items. o B Elton John's hat and sun glasses

£ 600, Bonhams

Memorabilia offered for sale by two former housekeepers was branded "discarded rub­bish" by the singer. Elton's straw boater and a pair of Polaroid sun glasses went for £600.

c o

Madonna's underwear £ 9,200, Christie's

The black satin bustier worn by the singer on

Etchingham in Brooke Street, Holborn. An oriental prayer mat from the bottom of the couple's bed made £3,910, a Bokhara woven rug went for £2,990 and two psychedelic printed velvet cushion covers - made by wife of the Animals' lead singer Eric Burdon -fetched £1,495.

E

-" Muhammad Ali's cigarette £ ',365, Christie's New York

This gnarled-looking Winston was snatched by the boxer now known as Muhammad Ali from the mouth of boxing historian Hank Kaplan in 1961, and then autographed "Cassius Clay". At the same sale, a pair of the boxer's old training wraps (used to protect his fists) were snapped up for £400, one of his mouthguards made £1,450, and a water bottle £1,580.

her 1987 Who's That Girl tour did well at auc- F tion, as did much Madonna memorabilia. A plastic bottle of her Evian water - adorned by

John Lennon's application form £ 2,500, Christie's South Kensington

a trace of lipstick - went for £ 500.

D o

Jimi Hendrix's drugs box £ 5,050, Bonhams

This black lacquered Chinese-style box was used by Hendrix to stash his drugs at the flat he shared with long-time girlfriend Kathy

Check your understanding

A teenage John Lennon applied to Liverpool College of Art. He had to fill in a Ministry of Education form and sign it. A few decades later, this humdrum piece of paper sold for more than the annual value of today's student loan. A more obvious keepsake - a pair of Lennon's spectacles - was recently sold by Bonhams for £2,070.

(Evening Stal1dard)

Task Decide whether the following statements are true or false or not stated according to the text. Write T (true) or F (false) or NS (not stated) in the boxes provided.

1. Auctioneers prefer selling these items instead of old masterpieces.

2. The text suggests that John Vincent is an auctioneer.

3. Elton John thought that his hat was rubbish.

4. Madonna's belongings have been sold at auctions since 1987.

5. Jimi Hendrix and his girlfriend had an oriental prayer mat in front of their bed.

6. Jimi Hendrix probably liked carpets and rugs.

7. John Lennon wanted to be an artist.

8. The writer suggests that these items are not really valuable.

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Task Answer the following questions in no more than 3 words.

1. What is Bonhams?

2. What did Elton John think of his hat and glasses?

3. What does Madonna like drinking?

4. What did Muhammad Ali write his autograph on?

5. What did Eric Burdon's wife make for Jimi Hendrix?

6. How much is the student loan a year now?

Vocabulary development

Task The expressions in Column A are taken from the text. Match them with expressions of similar meaning in Column B. Write letters a-I) in the boxes provided.

Column A

1. mark-up (par A) D 2. sample (par A) D 3. ephemera (par A) D 4. infamy (par A) D 5. discard (par B) D 6. stash (par D) D 7. fetch (IJar D) D 8. snatch (par E) D 9. decade (par F) D

10. humdrum (par F) D 11. loan (par F) D 12. keepsake (par F) D

40

Column B

a) increase in price

b) sum of money that sb borrows from another person or a bank

c) hide/store sth safely and secretly

d) a period of ten years

e) things that are used or enjoyed for only a short time and then forgotten

f) put out the hand suddenly and take sth

g) ordinary, dull

h) specimen/one of a number or part of a whole that shows what the rest is like

i) small present which will make you remember the giver

j) infamous behaviour/wickedness

k) throwaway because it is not wanted

1) be sold for a price

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Task There are two words in the text which both match the descriptions below. Which are they?

l.The remaining part of a cigarette after someone has smoked it. (par A)

3. A device that we use to improve our sight. (par B, F)

2. Covering for the head. (par B)

4. A small piece of carpet. (par D)

5. To write one's name down. (par E, F) 6. To be sold at a certain price. (There are four words for this in text!)

Task Fill the gaps in the sentences below with a word from the box.

adorned • cushions • customers • demand • eager • fist • item • mat • respected • straw boater

1. We ................... the walls with flowers and evergreens.

2. There is such a big .................... for some of the newest models in the car market that .. .

3 ........................... sometimes have to wait a couple of months to get their cars.

4. If you go out, put on your .................... to protect yourself against the sun.

5. Each .................... has a number in the catalogue which you have to refer to if you want to order an article.

6. My friend struck the thief in the face with his .................... and he fell down.

7. She has no chairs in her living-room. Instead, there are .................... on the floor to sit on.

8. Her father was a highly .................... scholar. He wrote several books on this subject.

9. Many people are .................... to buy famous people's things.

10. The .................... on the bathroom floor looks awful. I think we should buy a new one.

Task 0 Fill in the gaps with a word from the box. You can use the same word more than once.

for • in • on • to • under • with • up

1. A little slip of paper was attached .................... the notebook with his name and telephone number on it.

2. The company her husband works for deals .................... spare parts for motor car industry.

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3. He has offered his sailing boat .................... sale.

4. You have to apply .................... the Ministry of the Interior if you want to get a passport.

5. The things .................... special offer were displayed in the great hall.

6. Would you please fill .................... this registration from, please?

7. What's your best offer .................... old customers?

8. I can't afford to rent a flat on my own. I have to share it .................... another student.

9. She had concerts in fifteen different countries .................... her first tour.

10. By the time we got there, the cheapest articles had been already snapped ..................... .

11. Madonna's bustier went .................... more than 9,000 at the auction.

12. Several drawings by Picasso will go .................... the hammer at Christie's tomorrow.

(? .... ~ Grammar reminder - Passive voice

Task Find the passive sentences in the text which express the same ideas as the following sentences.

1. Elton John branded the hat and the glasses "discarded rubbish". 2. Muhammad Ali snatched the cigarette from the mouth of Hank Kaplan. 3. They snapped up the boxer's old training wraps for $400. 4. Jimi Hendrix used the box to stash his drugs in it. 5. Bonhams sold Lennon's spectacles for £2,070.

Task Use information from the text to complete the following sentences with a passive verb + an agent.

1. The auction house will sell a cigarette end which ....................................................................... .

2. They attached the butt to a piece of paper which ....................................................................... .

3. Elton said the glasses and the hat which ................................................................ were rubbish.

4. Madonna's plastic bottle, which ......................................................................... , went for £ 500.

5. A satin bustier which ............................................................................. sold for almost £ 10,000.

6. The cushion covers which ..................................................................... were very bright colours.

7. An application form which ................................................................ was also sold at Christie's.

Task Re-write the following sentences using a passive verb structure. Remember that you can use passive voice in all tenses and with modals, too.

1. When my aunt died we sold all her paintings at an auction.

2. Somebody paid $79 million for a Renoir at Christie's.

3. Nobody has ever recovered the old photos and letters.

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4. You can still find a lot of nice furniture in English country houses.

5. Auction houses sell very few masterpieces these days.

6. Eric Burdon's wife made two cushion covers for Hendrix.

7. Young children weave most of the carpets and rugs in some countries.

8. They have done a lot of tests to find out if it is really as old as they say.

9. The auctioneer says he is not sure that they will buy all the items.

10. We must offer the house for sale if we want to pay all our debts.

11. You should paint the walls before you move in.

Follow-up activities

1. The following items were sold at auctions in Britain or in the US.

a) Order them according to how much they were sold for. (You can check the correct order in the key.)

b) Discuss in small grou ps • what kind of people would probably buy these items. • which of these items would fetch the highest price at an auction in Hungary. Cive your reasons. • if you would like to buy any of the items.

The foot baIler Eric Cantona's strip

A stale slice of the Duke of Windsor's

wedding cake

A painting by van Cogh

* Dr Crippen was hanged for poisoning his wife and cutting up her body.

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A tin replica of the 1966 World Cup

Dr Crippen's watch *

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2. Read the following text.

a) Discuss in small groups what you think about John Reznikoff who spends a fortune on such things.

b) Write a letter of 150-200 words to Mr Reznikoff and tell him what you think about his col­lection.

London auction houses sometimes sell very special 'artefacts'. In recent years, for example, they have sold hair from several famous people such as Charlotte Bronte (£420), Beethoven (£4,140), Byron (£4,620) or John Lennon (£715). The world's largest hair collection belongs to John Reznikoff, an American, who owns hair from US presidents George Washington, John Adams and Abraham Lincoln as well as monarchs like Henry IV or Napoleon Bonaparte. His latest buy is a lock of Charles I's hair, which fetched £ 3,910 at the auction.

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UNIT 6 Dentist's painful way to extract payment

Before you read

Task Discuss the following questions in pairs or small groups.

1. How often do you go to a dentist? 2. How did you choose the dentist you go to? What do you like about him/her? 3. Why are people afraid of dentists? 4. How could stress be reduced in a dentist's surgery? 5. Have you ever had any bad experience with dentists? What was it? 6. What are the advantages/disadvantages of going to a private dentist? 7. How would you interpret the cartoon below?

·bC»Tisr: C§J

r Task Match the following expressions from the text (Column A) with the correct definitions in Column B. Write letters a-g) in the boxes provided.

ColumnA Column B

1. debt collector 0 a) the only thing that might be able to help you, when every other possibility has failed

2. watchdog 0 3. breach 0

4. confidentiality 0

5. debtor 0 6. last resort 0

7. balance 0

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b) someone who owes money to someone

c) person/organization responsible for making certain that compa­nies maintain particular standards and do not act illegally

d) person/company whose job is to collect money which should have been paid back

e) the amount left

f) the fact that someone is trusted with private information or secrets which s/he keeps

g) an act of breaking a law, promise, agreement or relationship

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Read the text

Dentist's painful way to extract payment Brian Lironi

A A Dundee dentist has posted a list of patients who owe him money in his sur­gery window in an attempt to shame them into paying up.

B Dr Ernie McAree publicly named 50 people with outstanding debts for dental treatment after warning letters and the threat of debt collectors failed to get them to pay. Yesterday he defended the list and claimed that every­one named had been given ample opportuni-

Tay Bridge if he likes but he is not getting a penny. He charged me £40 to have a metal pin put in my tooth and I only had £36 on me. I intended to go back with the balance but my tooth fell out before I got the chance. It cost me more money to visit another dentist to repair the botched job that he had made of my tooth. There is no way he is getting any more money out of me."

ty to clear their debts. But a health watchdog F criticised Dr McAree for breaching patient confidentiality and promised to report the

Mr McDonald added: "His behaviour is ridiculous. A lot of those people genuinely won't be able to pay their bill. His list won't do his reputation any good whatso­ever."

list to the General Dental Council. C The Rev Tom Tait, chairman of Tayside

Health Council, said: "I feel that to publish G a list of so called debtors in a dentist's sur-

Dr McAree is renowned within the dental profession for using controversial hypnosis techniques to relax patients who are fright­ened of injections or dentists' surgeries. He has addressed seminars across the UK. and in America on hypnosis techniques.

gery is a shocking breach of patient confi­dentiality. "

Since the list of debtors was posted in the surgery window in Beauly Avenue, and in the waiting room at his Finlarig Terrace surgery, five patients have agreed to clear their debts.

D Dr McAree said: "Everyone on that list has been given two letters asking them to pay up. And they were all told I would refer their debt to a collection agency. The list is my last resort. If people don't want to pay for their dental treatment, I don't want them coming to my surgery. Five people from the list have paid up so far."

E But a former patient who is named on the list hit out at Dr McAree. Douglas McDonald, 65, of Ann Street, Dundee, refused to pay the £4 balance for treatment when his tooth fell out days after receiving treatment. He thought the debt had been written-off until he was told about the list. "He can put my name on his list. In fact, he can put my name along the length of the

46

H He has also defended charging patients £5 for unkept appointments. "Unkept appoint­ments cost every dental practice in the country thousands of pounds every year. The £5 charge makes very little difference financially but it provides an incentive for people to keep appointments."

I Yesterday, a spokesman for the General Dental Council declined to comment as a complaint had not been received. He said: "There is nothing in our guidelines that refers to a dentist displaying a list of his debtors to the public. It is unorthodox but it is not illegal. If any patients have an objection they can write to us and we will put it through our complaints procedure. There are 30,000 dentists practising in Britain and we have never come across anything like this."

(Scotsman)

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Check your understanding

Task Choose the best answers according to the text. Circle a), b) or c).

1. McAree's list contains the names of those who haven't paid him

b) will post McAree's name on the Tay Bridge to damage his reputation.

a) any money. b) a larger sum.

c) got angry when he saw his name posted on the Tay Bridge.

c) a larger sum after warning. 6. Hypnosis techniques

2 .................. was/were against posting the list. a) made McAree's treatments very expensive. a) The health watchdog b) The chairman of the Health Council c) Both the watchdog and the chairman

3. Five patients from the list have a) already been warned twice to pay. b) promised to collect the money and pay. c) paid their debts.

4. McDonald says he won't pay because McAree a) charged too much. b) did a bad job.

b) were criticized at seminars by McAree. c) were applied by McAree.

7. McAree charged the patients £5 a) for the application of hypnosis tech­

mques. b) if they didn't come to the appointment. c) if they didn't come or cancelled appoint­

ments.

8. According to the spokesman, the General Dental Council

c) has forgotten to write off the paid debt. a) guideline says: doctors should never display their patients' names.

5. McDonald a) wouldn't care if he saw his name on the

Tay Bridge.

Vocabulary development

b) will investigate the issue immediately. c) have not received any complaint in this

issue yet.

Task Use verbs from Box A and nouns from Box B to make verb+noun partnerships that fit into the gaps in the sentences below. Use the appropriate form of the words.

A

to clear • to breach • to receive • to keep • to provide • to charge

B

patients • confidentiality • incentive • treatment • appointment • debts

1. I think doctors should never ever ....................... their patients' ....................... .

2. Private clinics ....................... . ...................... according to a fixed price list.

3. He was taken to hospital and.. ..................... .. ..................... for the shock he had suffered.

4. You are late again! Can't you ever ....................... any ....................... ?

5. She will only be able to ....................... her ....................... when she wins on the lottery.

6. The year-end bonus would ....................... a good ....................... for people to work harder.

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Task For each of the underlined expressions in Column A find one expression in the text which has a similar meaning. Write them in Column B.

Column A Column B

1. .. ..................................................................... (par C) } ... a dentist has posted a list (par A)

2. .. ...................................................................... (par J)

3 .... the threat of debt collectors (par B) ....................................................................... (par D)

4 .... to clear their debts (par B) .................................................. " ................... (par D)

5 .... ample opportunity (par B) ........................................................................ (par E)

6 .... a former patient refused to pay (par E) .............................................................. " ........ (par J)

7 .... complaint had not been received (par J) ........................................................................ (par J)

Task Complete the lists of nouns from the text by forming noun forms of the words in the box below. You can form more than one noun from some words.

to act • royal • novel • to move • to create • bankrupt • certain • patient • to imprison • biology • infant • to exhibit • to sail • tolerant

1. treatment, appointment, ...................................... , .................................... ..

2. collector, debtor, ...................................... , .................................... ..

3. collection, reputation, objection, ...................................... , .................................... ..

4. dentist, ...................................... , ..................................... .

5. confidentiality, ...................................... , ..................................... .

6. agency, ...................................... , ..................................... .

7. difference, ...................................... , ..................................... .

Task 0 Complete the phrasal verbs with appropriate prepositions from the box.

out (2x) • up (2x) • off (2x) • over • back

1. to give sb the money that you owe them PAY

2. to bring good results; to be successful

3. to accept that a debt will not be paid WRITE

4. to write sth in a final form using notes that you have made

5. to criticise sth or sb strongly HIT

6 to attack or criticize sb who has attacked or criticized you

7. to become loose and drop FALL

8. to hit one's foot against sth when walking and fall

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Task Use the verbs pay, write, hit or fall in the following sentences. Change the form of the verbs if necessary.

1. Her baby teeth are starting to .............................................. out.

2. The World Bank is being urged to ............................. off debts from developing countries.

3. In tonight's speech, the minister is expected to ........................................... back at critics who have attacked her handling of the crisis.

4. Eventually they .......................................... up, but only after receiving several reminders.

5. The Medical Association yesterday .................................................... out at government cuts in healthcare services.

6. Have you ................................... up that report yet?

7. All her hard work ....................................... off in the end, and she finally passed the exam.

8. I rushed for the door and ......................................... over in the hallway.

Task Fill in the gaps in the following summary. Use one word for each gap from the box below. You can use one preposition more than once.

across • after • at • back • for • in • of • off • on • out • through • to • with

Mr McAree, a dentist has displayed a list

of patients .................... CD the window

who haven't paid .................... 0 the

treatment. Mr McDonald, his former

patient, who is .................... ® the list,

hit ..................... @) ..................... ® the

dentist. He says he wanted to go

...................... ® .......................... 0 the

money ......................... ® the treatment

but as his treated tooth fell ................... .

® he thought his debt had been written

.................... @.

Dr McAree is renowned .................... @

using hypnosis to relax patients who are

frightened ........................... © surgeries

and also .................... ~~ charging

patients .................... @ unkept appoint-

ments.

The spokesman .................... @ the General Dental Council said he had never come ................... .

@ anything like that and the guidelines don't refer .................... © such cases either. He added if

any objection arrived they would put it .................... @ their complaint procedure.

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Task Match the words in Column A with the appropriate group of words of similar meaning in Column 8. Write letters a-h) in the boxes provided.

Column A Column B

1. attempt D a) protect, guard, preserve, safeguard

2. shame D b) notice, remark, point out

3. defend D c) motivator, bonus, inducement

4. ample D d) furnish, supply, allow for

5. provide D e) rehearse, exercise, do

6. incentive D f) effort, try, endeavour

7. comment D g) disgrace, dishonour, pity

8. practise D h) plentiful, abundant, copious, plenteous

Task The words in the box are taken from the text. Group them according to their meaning.

painful • to extract • dentist • patient • surgery • pay up • debt • dental treatment • warning letter • debt collector • to clear debts • health watchdog • debtor • patient confidentiality • waiting room • collection agency • balance • tooth • to receive treatment • to write off • to charge • to cost • dental profession • bill • hypnosis technique • to relax • injection • appointment • dental practice • financially • to practise

Health Payment

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Grammar reminder - Causative

Task Study how get is used in the following extract from the text. Arrange the words below into sentences.

Debt collectors (ailed to get them to pay.

1. don't Nicole get the why come to to party you?

2. this couldn't I the car get start to morning.

3. got he his his him help with to homework sister.

4. understand never will get him to you.

5. get you you your a could Christmas parents buy horse to for?

6. away some get after friends look dog to while we we our are will.

Task Study the following simplified extract from the text. Rewrite the sentences using the Causative construction and omitting the words underlined.

I had a metal eill pllt il1 my tooth.

1. I pay a firm of window cleaners to wash my windows every month. 2. They arranged for the police to arrest the man. 3. That tooth is giving you a lot of trouble; you should ask the dentist to extract it. 4. They couldn't find a house to suit them so they will employ builders to build a new one. 5. The shoemaker is repairing my shoes for me. 6. If you hate cleaning fish why don't you pay the fishmonger to clean them in the shop?

Follow-up activities

1. a) Discuss in pairs or small groups whether you refuse or accept Dr McAree's idea to put his debtors' names in the surgery.

b) Act out a dialogue between Dr McAree and Mr McDonald in which you discuss the con­flict over non-payment.

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2. Choose from the following:

a) Write a letter of complaint of approximately 80-100 words to the General Dental Council because Dr McAree put your name on the list. Give reasons why you didn't pay and what you think about displaying the list of non-paying patients.

b) Write a letter of approximately 80-100 words to Dr McAree on behalf of one of his debtors, who had been his patient for a long time and had been on very good terms with him until his/her name was put on the list.

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UNIT 7 Quick gun check system crawls to a start

Before you read

Task Discuss the following questions in pairs or small groups.

1. Who can own a gun in your country? 2. Why do you think authorities check the background of people who would like to buy a gun? 3. Do you know anyone who owns a gun? Who is it? Why does he/she need the gun? 4. Do you think people have the right to own a gun? Why? Why not? 5. How can people defend themselves against a mugger? 6. What do you think of hunting?

Read the text

Quick gun check system crawls to a start By Gary Fields

A A new national system that was sup- 1

posed to reduce criminal background checks on gun buyers from five days to five minutes has gotten off to a slow start this week, causing lost sales and 5

frayed nerves. B Licensed gun dealers around the country

complained they had trouble getting through to the FBI phone bank that was supposed to begin the checks. And when 10

some dealers did manage to get through, the computer system had stopped work­mg.

C "We're the largest wholesaler and dealer in the state of Indiana, and today we 15

have not been able to sell one shotgun because the lines are all busy," said Doug Kiesler, owner of Kiesler Police Supply Inc. in Jeffersonville, Ind. Kiesler said he usually sells about 25 shotguns a day 20

this time of the year. D The system was designed to quickly

check buyers at the USA's 105,000 fed­erally licensed dealers against computer lists of people disqualified from owning 25

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firearms. Reasons for disqualification range from felony convictions to domes­tic abuse.

E The system, which will run 17 hours a day seven days a week, replaces the 1994 30

Brady Law's five-day waiting period and background check for handgun purchases. That law stopped about 250,000 hand­gun sales.

F About 5,000 phone calls actually came 35

through the system by late afternoon. FBI spokesman Paul Bresson said 3,300 sales were approved, 12 were denied and the rest needed more research. Bresson said the holiday shopping and hunting 40

seasons made it a tough first day. "Hopefully we'll be able to move for­ward without the problems we encoun­tered today," he said.

G The National Rifle Association said it 45

would file a lawsuit to stop the FBI from keeping the background records for six months.

(USA TODAY)

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Check your understanding

Task Decide in each case which of the two statements is true according to the text. Circle a) or b).

1. a) A new national system was introduced to stop criminals from buying guns. b) A new national system was introduced to shorten the checking period.

2. a) Many gun dealers said they could not use the FBI phone bank because the lines were busy. b) The computer system stopped working because some dealers got through.

3. a) The USA's 105,000 federally licensed dealers are against the computer lists. b) Cun buyers are checked if they are on the computer list of disqualified people.

4. a) 250,000 sales were denied from 1994 until now. b) There were altogether 250,000 handgun sales from 1994 until now.

5. a) At this time of the year gun dealers usually sell more guns than usual. b) Bresson said that they could do 5000 background checks on the first day.

6. a) The National Rifle Association think that it is illegal to keep the records for six months. b) The National Rifle Association think that a new law is needed to stop the FBI from keep­

ing the records for six months.

Task What do the following numbers refer to in the text? Match the numbers in Column A with the items in Column B. Write letters a-I) in the boxes provided.

Column A

1. 5

2. 5

3. 25

4. 105,000

5. 17

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D D D

D D

Column B

a) the new checking system will work so many days per week

b) the approximate number of guns sold per day by Kiesler

c) the number of gun sales that were not permitted under the old checking system

d) the new checking system will work so many hours per day

e) the new checking procedure is supposed to take not more than so many minutes

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6. 7 D f) the number of phone calls on the first day that reached the FBI phone bank

7. 1994 D g) the number of gun sales that were not permitted on the first day of the new system

8. 250,000 D h) checking the background of gun buyers took so many days in the old system

9. 5,000 D i) the number of gun sales that were permitted on the first day of the new system

10. 3,300 D j) number of gun dealers with a federal licence

11. 12 D k) the FBI is planning to keep the records for so many months

12. 6 D 1) the year when the Brady Law came into force

Vocabulary development

Task Find the words or expressions in the text which have a similar meaning to the expressions in Column B. Write the expressions in Column A.

Column A

1 ...................................................... (title)

2 ...................................................... ~ar~

3 ...................................................... ~ar~

4 ...................................................... (par B)

5 ...................................................... (par D)

6 ...................................................... (par D)

7 ...................................................... ~ar~

8 ...................................................... (par D)

9 ...................................................... (par D)

10 ...................................................... (par E)

11. ..................................................... (par F)

12 ...................................................... (par G)

Column B

a) move slowly (with the body on or close to the ground or on hands and knees)

b) expected to

c) examination or investigation

d) trader who has permission to sell firearms

e) preventing sb from doing sth because he has broken a rule or is not able enough

f) serious crime

g) declaring that a person is guilty of a crime

h) of the home, household or family

i) bad use or treatment of sb or sth

j) buying sth

k) chasing and killing of wild animals as a sport

1) type of gun

Task Some words have more than one meaning. Choose the expression from Column B which most closely agrees with the meaning of the word in italics from the extract in Column A. Circle the appropriate letter.

Column A

1. CAUSE (par A) The introduction of the new system caused many lost sales.

2. FRAYED (par A) The slow start caused lost sales and frayed nerves.

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Column B

a) make sth happen b) aim or principle that is supported

a) strained and irritated b) worn

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3. LINE (par C) We couldn't sell anything because the lilles were busy.

4. REST (par F) The rest of the calls needed more research.

5. TOUCH (par F) The holiday shopping made it a tough first day.

6. ENCOUNTER (par F) Mr Bresson said they encoul1tered many problems on the first day.

7. KEEP (par G) They will file a lawsuit to stop FBI from keeping the information for 6 months.

a) long, narrow mark b) telephone connection

a) the remaining part of sth b) period of sleep or inactivity

a) severe b) difficul t

a) meet sb unexpectedly b) meet or face sth unpleasant or difficult

a) continue to have b) manage (eg. a shop)

Task The words in the table are taken from the text. Fill in the table with the correct forms of each word given.

56

Verb

reduce

manage

complain

design

replace

approve

deny

Noun Adjective

national

criminal

lost

nerve

dealer

owner

supply

reason

record

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Task You can find words from the text in Column A. Fill in the gaps in Column B with the correct form of each word.

Column A

1. NATIONAL

2. REDUCE

3. CRIMINAL

4. LOST

5. NERVE

6. COMPLAIN

7. OWNER

8. SUPPLY

9. REPLACE

10. APPROVE

11. DENY

12. RECORD

Column B

The Bank of England was ............................... in 1946.

Newspapers are talking about tax .............................. , but I don't really expect anything like that .

.............................. is a far greater problem in the USA than in Britain.

You'll ............................ your chance for promotion if you refuse to wear a tie.

It's natural that actors are ............................. before the first night of the play.

If you don't want to exchange the faulty goods, I'll make a ................................... against you with the manager.

The factory became under new .............................. last year.

We are one of the biggest .............................. in the plastics industry.

There is a shortage of language teachers at schools so it's rather difficult to get a .............................. while she is away.

She married John without her parents' .......................... when she was 18.

There was an official .............................. that there would be any change in income taxes from next year.

Our cassette .............................. has gone wrong three times in the last six months.

Task Decide if the following words are used as verbs or nouns in the text by writing verb or noun in the spaces provided.

1. check (!i11C 3) 7. abuse (line 28)

2. line (linct7) .......................................... . 8. purchase (line 32) ......................................... .

3. supply (linet8) .......................................... . 9. research (linc 39)

4. design (linc 22) 10. move (line 42)

5. reason (Iinc 26) 11. file (linc 46)

6. range (Iinc 27) 12. record (line 47)

Task Use the words in the box either as nouns or verbs to fill in the gaps in the following sentences. Change the form of the words if necessary.

abuse • check • design • file • line • move • purchase • range • reason • supply

1. We have been ........................................ them with raw materials for more than 15 years.

2. When we married we ........................................ a big house and we've been paying the mort-gage ever smce.

3. She is very good at .......................................... She can convince you of anything she wants to.

4. I'll be very busy at the weekend. I have a lot of homework from my students to

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5. A ......................................... from the town into the country is always a big decision.

6. Sandra works for a cosmetics company. She says packaging and .................................. are as important as the product irself.

7. Drug ......................................... often results in young people dying of overdosing.

8. The streets were ......................................... with cars and it was impossible to find any park-ing space.

9. We decided to open an account with this bank because they offer a wide .............................. .. of services to their corporate clients.

10. Could you get me the personal ......................................... on our new employee, please?

Grammar reminder - Present and past participles

Task Study the following expressions taken from the text. The participles function as adjectives in these examples.

Present participle: waiting period (par E) shoFFing and hunting seasons (Far F)

Past FarticiFle: lost sales (Far A) frayed nerves (Far A) licensed dealers ( Far B)

Task G) Match the participles in Column A with the words in Column B to form ex-pressions.

Column A Column B

1. feeding 0 a) place

2. lost 0 b) water

3. hiding 0 c) society

4. split 0 d) list

5. running 0 e) marriage

6. ageing/aging 0 f) bottle

7. waiting 0 g) property

8. well-paid 0 h) personality

9. broken 0 i) job

10. written 0 j) people

11. unemployed 0 k) examination

Task Complete each of the following sentences with an expression from Task 11.

1. The number of ................................................ has been slowly decreasing for the last two years.

2. At the college the students are expected to take an oral and a(n) .............................................. . in English if they want to get their degrees.

3. In London hundreds of umbrellas are taken to the ................................................ office every day.

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4. We live in a(n) ...................................................... , which will cause a lot of problems for the following generations.

5. The reason why young people are not very eager to get married these days might be that they

can see too many ................................................ around them.

6. There is a long ................................................ for heart transplantation. Many people are wait-ing for donor organs.

7. Even with good qualifications it is difficult to find a(n) ................................................ in Eastern Europe unless you speak one or two foreign languages.

8. It was not difficult to find a ................................................ in the mountains in those days.

9. I suggest you should buy a plastic ................................................. It won't break even if the baby throws it down a hundred times.

10. On the farm where I lived we didn't have electricity or gas, we didn't even have

................................................. It was a hard life indeed.

11. You can never rely on someone with a(n) ................................................. At one moment he might behave in one way and at the next moment in a totally different way.

Follow-up activities

1. Discuss in pairs what the picture below suggests.

2. Write a letter of approximately 120-150 words to an advice column in which you explain why you think the police should (or should not) be allowed to use a gun more freely.

3. Discuss the following questions in small groups.

a) Police officers are quite stupid if they refuse to have guns with them.

b) Everybody should have the right to own a gun to defend his life and property.

c) People who refuse army service for reasons of conscience are hypocrites.

d) Hunting is a noble sport.

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UNIT 8 Thefts are a bad sign for tourists

Before you read

Task Discuss the following questions in pairs or small groups.

1. Have you ever been abroad? If so, where? 2. Which countries would you like to visit? Why? 3. Is Ireland a popular tourist destination in your country? Why?/Why not? 4. What do you know about Ireland? (Think of language, culture, arts, history, climate, pubs, etc.)

Task Fill the gaps in the extracts from a travel brochure with the words below. Decide which attraction is the most appealing to you.

literature • pubs • walking • shopping • music • food • cycling

A) ........................... : Take to the open road and enjoy the magnificent Irish countryside from the

saddle .. .

B) There are several ........................... festivals throughout the summer and you will always be in

store for a treat with an Irish fiddle when visiting the pubs in several rural towns ...

C) With traditional crafts and award winning designers, ........................... in Ireland offers unpar-

alleled choice .. .

D) .......................... : Escape on foot; enjoy endless walking options either alone or as part of a group .. .

E) Ireland has recently slipped quietly into a new role as a must-visit destination for

........................... lovers. The basic building blocks are the excellent ingredients .. .

F) Irish ........................... are a part of life in Ireland. It's where the Irish socialize .. .

G) With four Nobel ........................... prizewinners in the last century, Ireland's literary pedigree

is world renowned .. ,

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Read the text

Thefts are a bad sign for tourists

Alan Murdoch

A An outbreak of roadside kleptomania has left unknown numbers of tourists wander­ing the Irish countryside with nowhere to go.

B The current vogue for Irish pubs across Europe, the United States and now even as far away as Peking, has seen attractive old iron road signs - pointing towards quaint and obscure destinations - become prized decorative artefacts in Irish bars from California to Northern Italy.

C But the disappearing placenames have cre­ated major headaches for local authorities. Some officials suspect that the growth of hundreds of new Irish pubs is the prime cause of the disappearance of singlename "finger signs" at a cost of £60 each. A spokesman for the Department of the Environment in Dublin confirmed they

Check your understanding

had been receiving complaints from fraught overseas visitors baffled by the country's lack of a sense of direction, so to speak.

D Prime targets for the light-fingered dealers providing signs for pub interiors are coun­ties such as Cork, Galway, Kerry and Donegal, where endless quiet cross-roads mean no shortage of unusual names from Ballydehob to Ballinferriter and Glen­columbkille/Gleann Cholm Cille.

E Kerry is perhaps the most targeted area. According to road supervisor Gearoid MacGearailt the problem has been appar­ent for the past five or six years.

F "They're looking especially for the old­fashioned cast-iron ones. If they're up you're in trouble," he said.

(The Independent)

Task Decide if the following statements are true or false or not stated in the text. Write T (true) or F (false) or NS (not stated) in the boxes provided.

i 1. Irish road signs are popular decorations of overseas Irish pubs. - I

2. Mostly the old wooden road signs are stolen. . I

3. Most of the stolen road signs are in Irish pubs in California and northern Italy.

4. The cost of setting up a new road sign is £60.

5. It is mainly the local people who complain about the thefts.

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6. The road signs are used as decorations both inside and outside the pubs.

7. Some shops will soon sell old-fashioned road signs to meet the need.

8. The authorities have set up a special team to check crossroads.

9. Kerry may have the most crossroads and funny placenames in Ireland.

10. Most of the road signs have been stolen in the last five or six years.

Vocabulary development

Task Choose 2 words from the box to make compound words taken from the text. Fill the appropriate compound words in the gaps below.

head • roads • country • seas • end • name • over • break • cross • side (2x) • place • out • ache • less • road

1. The English ...................................... looks at its best in spring.

2. He has lived ...................................... for many years.

3. I sat down by the ...................................... and cried.

4. When was the ...................................... of the second world war?

5. At the first ....................................... a policeman stepped into the road and stopped us.

6. What is the origin of this ...................................... ?

7. She took an aspirin to relieve her ...................................... .

8. The hours of waiting seemed ...................................... .

Task The words in the box are nouns from the text. Decide which 4 words CANNOT be used as verbs and write these 4 words in the spaces provided.

sign • pub • cause • cost • lack • sense • target • county • name • area • problem • trouble

The 4 words that cannot be used as verbs:

1 ................................... 2 ................................... 3 ................................... 4 .................................. .

Task Choose words from the box of Task 5 and use them as verbs to fill in the gaps in the following sentences. Change the form of the word if necessary.

1. They ...................................... their child John.

2. Please, ...................................... your name here.

3. Money for the project is still ....................................... .

4. Although she didn't say anything, I ...................................... that she didn't like the idea.

5. It ...................................... more to live in the city.

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6. I'm sorry to ...................................... you, but could you tell me the time?

7. Smoking can ...................................... lung cancer.

8. The paper is ...................................... specifically at young people.

Task The words in the box can be used both as nouns and adjectives. Use the same word twice in a matching sentence. Change the form of the word if necessary.

official • quiet • iron • local • interior

1. Nowadays ................................... are made of plastic and high-tech metal, there aren't any

................................... parts in it.

2. I have got a lot of ideas of what a domestic ................................... should look like, but it is very

difficult to furnish a(n) ................................... room without windows.

3. A(n) .................... ............... of high rank set forth the ................................... statement of the government.

4. It might be dangerous to go to a(n) ........................................................... pub because the

................................... tend to be suspicious of strangers.

5. He tried to keep ................................... but his steps sounded like small pistol shots in the

.............................. ..... of the forest.

Task Q Find the words in the text which match with the definitions below. Write them in the spaces provided.

1. ............................ (par A):

2 .............................. (par B):

3 .............................. (par B):

4 .............................. (par B):

5 .............................. (par B):

6 .............................. (par C):

7 .............................. (par C):

8 .............................. (par C):

9 .............................. (par C):

10 .............................. (par C):

11. ............................. (par D):

12 .............................. (par D):

13 .............................. (par E):

14 .............................. (par F):

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go from place to place without any special purpose

fashion

attractively odd and old-fashioned

not well-known, not easily seen or understood

place to which sb/sth is going or being sent

(more) important, great(er)

official organization or government that has the power to make decisions

person who speaks on behalf of a group

conditions, circumstances, etc. affecting people's lives

worried or anxious

most important, fundamental

be in the habit of stealing (esp. small) things

region of the earth's surface; district of a city, etc

(situation causing) worry, pain, difficulty, danger, etc

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Task Complete the chart with the correct forms of each word given and use the appropriate form in the sentences given below.

Verb Noun Noun (person) Adjective

theft

attractive

decorative

create

growth

confirm

complaint

visitor

suspect

shortage

1. He took two links out of the chain to .................................... it.

2. 'What was the weather like on your holiday?' 'Oh, I can't ..................................... '

3. I'm sure he will never get married, he is a .................................... bachelor.

4. She is very .................................... ; she writes and paints.

5. The saying 'Set a .................................... to catch a .................................... ' means that a crimi-nal is the best person to catch another criminal.

6. Our rooms need painting and wall-papering. Do you know a good .................................... ?

7. Babies who are small at birth .................................... faster.

8. He is a prime .................................... in the murder case.

Task The words in the box are taken from the text. Fill the gaps in the story with the expressions from the box.

baffled • headache • suspect • pub • road sign (2x) • destination • trouble • local • obscure • sense of direction • shortages • fraught • unusual • endless • countryside • roadside • overseas • quaint • placenames

................................... CD always make ................................... ® whenever I am on a(n)

................................... @ tour, especially in Hungary where there are a lot of .............................. @

names. Once I was driving through the ................................... ® Hungarian Great Plain. The

................................... ® was wonderful but I had lost my way and did not

even ..................................................... (}) where I was. I was tired and had a rather bad

................................... ® so I really wanted to get to my .................................... ® Then I saw a

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................................... ® saying "Pihenohely" IS 5 km

away, which looked ................................... G"D and

................................... @ enough to be a Hungarian vil­

lage. But it was neither on my map nor five kilometres

away from the sign. I quite forgot about it so I felt really

................................... G"~ to come across the same

., ................................. GJ again much later because I usual-

ly have got a good .................................... @ The third

IiPihenohely" sign many kilometres farther on

.......... ............ ............... ............ G"~ me so much that I

stopped at a ................................. @ ..................................... @ to ask where on earth the village

called Pihenohely was. It was not easy either for the ................................... ® Hungarians or for

me to overcome the vocabulary ................................... ® but I could learn at last that the exotic-

looking name Pihenohely simply means rest area in Hungarian.

Grammar reminder - Simple past • Present perfect

Task Read the following simplified sentences from the article and answer the questions.

1. An outbreak of kleptomania has left unknown numbers of tourists wandering the Irish coun-tryside. (par A)

2. The vogue for Irish pubs has seen old road signs become prized decorative artefacts. (par B) 3. The disappearing placenames have created major headaches for local authorities. (par C) 4. The problem has been apparent for the past five or six years. (par E) 5. A spokesman for the Department of the Environment confirmed ... (par C)

• Why is Present perfect used in sentences 1-4? • Why is Simple past used in sentence 5? • Why is Present perfect used in the most sentences in the article Thefts are a bad sign for tourists?

Task Read the two readers' letters from a newspaper. Put the verbs in brackets either in Simple past or Present perfect.

Letter 1

I have three friends who never seem to be able to manage their money. Always broke, always on

the borrow. I .......................................... (NOT GO) (1) out much since my boyfriend

............................................ (DIE) (2) so I have quite a bit saved and they know it. So far they

................................................... (BORROW) (3) close on £3,000 from me. I ..................................... .

(BE) (4) hurt to hear that they are going on holiday to Spain when they still owe money. I

.............................................. (NOT HAVE) (5) a holiday for years and it would have been nice to

have been invited. Especially as it is on my money that they are going. What should I do?

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Letter 2

I .......................................... (JUST COME) (6)

back from a fantastic three-week holiday and

today ............................................ (BE) (7) my

first day back at work. I .................................. .

(FEEL) (8) virtually suicidal at the thought of

having to come back in tomorrow and the

next day and the next day. Basically I want to

spend the rest of my life on holiday. How can

I get over this feeling?

Follow-up activities

~ 1. Read the two readers' letters in Task 12. Discuss in pairs or small groups what advice you would give to those who wrote the letters. Report your suggestions to the class.

2. a) Write a composition of 100-120 words about your favourite theme pub or the most interesting/strangest theme pub you have ever seen.

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b) You spent a week in Galway county in Ireland and you often got baffled because of the lack of proper road signs. Write a letter of complaint (80-100 words) to the local authorities.

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UNIT 9 Tales of the unexpected

Before you read

Task Discuss the following questions in pairs or in small groups.

1. What do people think of teenage pregnancies? What do you personally think of it? 2. Make a list of suggestions about how to reduce the number of teenage pregnancies. 3. What problems will a teenage mother have to face? 4. What do you think about the drawing below?

Task The following words are taken from the text. Check if you understand them before you read the text.

state PREGNANCY or period of having a baby

PERSUADE

NAUSEA

THROW UP

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developing in the womb

make sb do sth; convince sb

feeling of sickness or disgust

eject food from the stomach through the mouth

ANAEMIC

unit of weight (approx. 7 kilos)

having too few red cells in the blood

HANGOVER feeling of sickness after drinking

too much alcohol

BE ON THE PIll take

pills to prevent pregnancy

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... ~ ..•..... .. ~ ~

Read the text

Tales of the unexpected

Emma Cook

A When Helen Essex tells her story, she's 1

aware that her experience may be met with a degree of scepticism, especially from female quarters. But like 12-year-old Jenny Teage, "Britain's youngest mother", 5

she says she was quite unaware of her pregnancy. "It's the women who've been pregnant that don't believe me," says Helen, 22, rather resignedly. Like them, I always used to think that a woman must 10

instinctively know if she's pregnant, but now I think, until it happens to you, you just don't know how you'll feeL"

B Ten months ago Helen graduated from York university and started a new job 15

with a media company. One evening she came home complaining of stomach cramps and tried to sleep them off. The pain increased and her father suspected appendicitis. He persuaded her to go to 20

casualty and five hours later she gave birth to Holly. "I just hadn't noticed. I was anaemic anyway and never had reg­ular periods. I was stuffing my face dur-

Check your understanding

ing finals and put the weight gain down 25

to that - though I only put on about half a stone anyway. At about six months, I went swimming with my mum and she didn't notice."

C There was some nausea, but that was 30

not unusual. "I've always felt queasy in the morning. I threw up about five times, but I put it down to bad hang­overs. I did get the odd stomach flut­ter, but if you don't think you're preg- 35

nant, it does not feel like a baby. And I'd just been on the Pill, so I didn't notice much difference in the size of my breasts."

D When Helen was in hospital, the nurses 40

told her that around one in ten mothers experience "concealed pregnancy", at least for several months. Most experts would say such cases are rarer - even though it seems that everyone has a friend of a 45

friend who knows of one.

(The Independent on Sunday)

Task Decide whether the following statements are true or false or not stated according to the text. Write T (true) or F (false) or NS (not stated) in the boxes provided.

1. The article is about Britain's youngest mother. ]

2. Helen thinks that some people will not believe her story. I 3. Her father suspected that she was pregnant. ]

4. She ate a lot during the final period of her pregnancy.-]

5. She didn't put on too much weight.]

6. She threw up five times because she had drunk too much alcohol. ' _=] 7. Nurses say ten percent of the women do not notice pregnancy for some months. __ J 8. Nurses know about more unnoticed pregnancies than doctors.

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Task Find the possible symptoms of pregnancy that the text mentions. Write them in the spaces provided.

1 ....................................................................... . 5 ....................................................................... .

2 ....................................................................... . 6 ....................................................................... .

3 ....................................................................... . 7 ....................................................................... .

4 ....................................................................... . 8 ....................................................................... .

Task Find the expressions in the text which the following words refer to. Write them in the spaces provided.

1. she (Iinc 1) 5. them (linc 18)

2. that (linc 8) 6. that (Iinc 26)

3. them (lillc 9) 7. it (linc 36)

4. it (linc 12) 8. one (linc46)

Vocabulary development

Task Find a word or expression in the text which could replace the underlined words or expressions in the following sentences. Write the words in the spaces provided.

1. I didn't realise that I had hurt her. (par A)

2. To what extent were you involved in smuggling illegal goods? (par A)

3. The suggestion was not favoured in the highest political circles. (par A)

4. Both his sons took their academic degrees in law. (pm B)

5. He went to see the doctor complaining of a strong twisting pain in his stomach. (par B)

6. Food prices have been continuously rising for the last ten years. (par B)

7. He had to postpone his last exams at the university because of his illness. (par B)

8. Everybody who had eaten from the fruit soup felt sick a couple of hours later. (par C)

9. She has hidden all his love letters under the chest of drawers. (par D)

10. It's very unusual for him to arrive late. It hardly ever happens to him. (par D)

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Task In Column A you can find simplified sentences from the text. Circle the appropriate letter in Column B to indicate the meaning of the underlined word.

Column A

1. "Women don't believe me," says Helen rather resignedly. (par A)

2. I have always thought women instinctively know if they are pregnant. (par A)

3. Since the pain didn't cease, her father told her to go to casualty. (par B)

4. Helen got an odd stomach flutter, but she didn't think she was pregnant. (par C)

5. A lot of mothers experience concealed preg­nancy, at least in the first months. (par D)

Column B

a) sarcastically b) patiently c) stoically

a) intuitively b) immediately c) emotionally

a) a doctor b) emergency ward c) relaxation

a) pressure in the stomach b) feeling of fullness c) quick irregular movement

a) hidden b) secret c) smallish

Task The expressions in Column A are taken from the text. Fill in the gaps in the sentences in Column B with the correct form of the words in Column A. You may not have to change the given form.

Column A Column B

1. UNEXPECTED The average life ............................................. in Hungary is much less than in Japan.

2. UNAWARE He said the words without being ............................................. of what they really meant.

3. SCEPTICISM People in the Middle Ages were not ............................................. about the truths of religions.

4. RESIGNEDLY She accepted the bad news with ............................................. as if she had expected it.

5. GRADUATE He invited his father, who he hadn't met for ages, to the ................................... . ceremony.

6. COMPLAIN People working at the customer services have to be very good at dealing with ............................................. .

7. SUSPECT The paper says the police have arrested the ............................................. in the murder case.

8. EXPERT Our department has accumulated a lot of ............................................. over the last few years.

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Task Fill in the gaps with the words in the box below. You may have to use the same word more than once.

from • of • off • on • to

1. Helen says she was not aware ................. her pregnancy.

2. If it hadn't happened ................. me, I wouldn't believe it.

3. She graduated ....................... university a year ago.

4. When she was not well, she tried to sleep it ................. .

5. She had been complaining ................. stomach problems for a few months before she went to see the doctor.

6. She was not married when she gave birth ................. her first baby.

7. Be careful not to put ................. too much weight during your pregnancy.

Task You can find extracts from the dictionary in the boxes. Use the extracts to replace the underlined expressions in the sentences below.

aside a) place sth to one side, b) save money to use later

down land (e.g. a plane)

sth down to to consider that sth is caused by sth else

in/into devote time, energy to sth

off postpone or cancel (e.g. a meeting) PUT

on (weight) grow fatter

out a) stop burning, b) produce

sb out upset, cause annoyance to sb

sb through connect a person

sb up provide accommodation for sb

away a) discard sth as useless, b) fail to make use of it

oneself into begin to do sth energetically THROW

off manage to get rid of sth

sth up a) vomit, b) resign from sth

1. The house is so large that it's not a problem to provide a few people accommodation for a couple of days.

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2. The fire brigade fought all night to stop the fire on the farm.

3. We had to postpone the interviews because the human resources manager got ill.

4. She is a difficult customer indeed. It's really difficult to get rid of her.

5. He was so enthusiastic that he immediately started work with full energy.

6. Helen thought that her sickness was caused by drinking too much.

7. The factory produces more than 3,000 bicycles a day.

8. He could use none of the opportunities in his life.

9. If you'd like to travel to Thailand for a holiday, you should save up some of your salary.

10. He is working hard to improve his English.

11. His rudeness made me really upset.

Grammar reminder - Mixed tenses

Task G) Complete the following sentences using the appropriate form of the verbs in brackets.

1. Her story sounds so incredible that many women ................................... (refuse) to believe it.

2. I think I never ................................... (hear) a story like that.

3. She often ................................... (feel) queasy when she was pregnant.

4. Most people ................................... (eat) much more than usual when they're nervous.

5. She got seriously ill after she ................................... (be) on a slimming diet for six months.

6. After she ................................... (graduate), she ................................... (start) a new job with a media company.

7. You can never tell in advance whether you ................................... (like) a job or not.

8. I just ................................... (decide) to quit and find a new job.

9. She says they ................................... (get) married after the baby is born.

10. She never ................................... (be) to hospital before her baby was born.

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Task Choose the best alternative a-c) to complete the sentences below.

1. There is no cloud in the sky. It ......................... be a lovely day. a) will b) is going to c) would

2. I ......................... a lot of English recently. a) am learning b) learn c) have learnt

3. I ......................... to clean my room, but I didn't have time. a) am going b) would go c) was going

4. By the time the police arrived, all the paintings ......................... away. a) were taken b) had been taken c) have been taken

5. We ......................... each other since we met in a holiday camp at the age of six. a) have known b) had known c) know

6. We ......................... about him when he entered. a) just talked b) were just talking c) had just talked

7. I .................... about it for months, but I still can't decide. a) was thinking b) am thinking c) have been thinking

8. He is against smoking now, but he ......................... 40 cigarettes a day when he was a young man.

a) was smoking b) used to smoke c) had smoked

9. It's cold. I ......................... the windows. a) will shut b) shut c) am going to shut

10. All the people who ......................... the chocolate cake fell ill. a) had been eating b) has eaten c) had eaten

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Follow-up activities

1. Discuss the following questions in pairs or small groups.

a) Is there an ideal age for having a baby? b) Women tend to give birth at a later age these days. What are the reasons? c) Does it have any advantages or disadvantages to have very young parents or to have elderly

parents? d) Why is it good or bad to be an only child? e) Why is it good or bad to have brothers or sisters? f) What do you think of family planning and abortions?

2. Write a letter of 150-200 words to your pen-friend in which you introduce your family. Explain to your friend why you like/don't like to be an only child/to have brothers or sisters.

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UNIT 10 Concern over the cyberjunkies who 00 on IT

Before you read

Task Read the following state-ments (The warning signs)

• Decide to what extent they are true for you. Compare your find­ings in small groups and try to find out who is the most/least depend­ent on computers.

• Use them to describe someone you know/read about who is really dependent on computers.

Complete the list of warning signs if necessary.

The warning signs

a) You spend hours looking for information, when you intend to spend a few minutes b) You lie to friends about the time spent on your PC c) You suffer physical problems from sitting at a monitor for hours at a time d) You are looking forward to your next online session e) You often feel you're just 'one step away' from finding the information you have been seeking f) You get a thrill from adopting an anonymous persona g) You find it easier to talk to people online than face to face h) You check your e-mail compulsively i) You skip meals, classes and appointments to go online j) You experience mixed feelings of euphoria and guilt from spending so much time on your PC

Task Check if you understand what the following expressions mean before you read the text.

OD overdose, too much of something (especially drug) taken

or given at one time Information Technology

CYBERJUNKIES

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people addicted to computers (from the word: junky = a narcotics addict)

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Read the text

Concern over the office cyberjunkies who 00 on IT Chris Barrie on the managers who OD on IT

A Forget smack. The drug of the moment 1

being used by millions day and night, is legal, and costs little more than the price of a phone call.

B Managers stay late at the office to use it. 5

There are growing fears for the health of children who already encounter it. And 75 per cent of people polled about its dangers warn that the addiction is get-ting worse. 10

C Information is the drug and the new generation of dataholics are the addicts. A survey carried out by Reuters suggests thousands of people are becoming addicted to information and that many 15

crave more of it to the detriment of social and family life. The survey of 1,000 people in the UK, US, Germany, Ireland, Singapore and Hong Kong shows that 53 per cent of managers "crave" informa- 20

tion, with 54% admitting to a high when they find the right data.

D One in three managers believe their col­leagues are obsessed with gathering infor­mation, while three-quarters believe infor- 25

mation can become addictive. Nearly three-quarters say they have less job satis­faction and suffer greater tension with their colleagues due to overdoses of infor­mation, while two out of every five are so 30

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addicted that they look for work-related information even when on holiday.

E More than half the managers said they could not cope with the amount of information they were sent, and nearly 35

half work longer hours or take work home in an effort to keep up.

F Doctor Mark Griffith, a senior lecturer specializing in addiction at Nottingham Trent University, said the Internet may 40

be responsible. Competitive pressures and job insecurity made people feel they had to stay up-to-date at all costs.

G Net use could produce similar changes in the body "as occurs with pathological 45

gamblers, including heightened adrena­lin, endorphin and cerebral spinal fluid."

Doctor Griffith said a woman has been found guilty of neglecting her small children as she spent all her time 50

surfing the net. Another woman slept with her Pc.

H Cyberjunkies are advised to go on-line only at certain times of day, to avoid on­screen junk mail and to strive to cut 55

down time at the computer. And they must recognise the limitations of the technology.

(Guardian)

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Check your understanding

Task Put items a-f) into one of the boxes according to the text.

The main topic of the article

a) Using the net in classrooms b) Concrete examples of overuse c) The costs of using the net d) Using the net in offices e) Recommendations to cyberjunkies f) Office life before computers

What is mentioned in the article

Not mentioned in the article

Task According to the text, match the items in Column A with the pieces of information about net use in Column B. Write letters a-I) in the boxes provided.

Column A

1. 75'1,) of polled people ...

2. The Reuters survey suggests people ...

3.54% of managers ...

4. One in three managers ...

5. Three quarters of managers ...

o o o o

Column B

a) feel extremely happy when finding the info.

b) worry about losing their jobs.

c) think the tendency is bad.

d) think their colleagues collect more and more data.

e) work more due to too much info.

6. Two out of five managers ...

DO o o o

f) have more conflicts with their colleagues.

7. More than half the managers ...

8. Nearly half the managers ...

g) take time away from private life.

h) might fail to do their most important duties.

9. According to Griffiths, people... ODD i) aren't so happy with their jobs any more.

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j) can't relax out of work.

k) can produce physical symptoms.

1) get more info than manageable.

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Vocabulary development

Task Look at the dictionary extracts below. Choose the definition which most closely agrees with the meaning of the word in the text. Circle a), b) or c).

1. CONCERN (title) a) A company or enterprise: The firm has grown

into a huge concern. b) A feeling of worry: Concern for his safety is

growll1g. c) Thing that is important or interesting to sb:

The safety of the ship is the captain/s concern.

2. SMACK (line I) a) A loud kiss: She gave him a smack all the cheek. b) Slight taste of sth: I could taste a smack ofgarlic. c) Heroin (slang): How long has she bew all smack?

3. HIGH (lillc 21) a) A high place or region: Thcy stood all high al1d

observed thc coul1trysidc. b) A high level or degree: Summcr tcmpcraturcs

rCtlched an all-time high. c) An euphoric condition induced by or as if a

drug (slang): Excrcisc givcs 'lou a high.

4. TO GATHER (linc 24) a) To collect several things: \Vc e,athercd our

things togethcr and left quickly.

b) To come together in a group: A crowd had gathered to hcar her speak.

c) To understand sth: I never really gathcrcd why he left his job.

5. TO PRODUCE (line 44) a) To make sth: Francc produces a great deal of

IX/ine for export. b) To cause a reaction or result: The prime mini­

stcr/s remark produced an angry rcsponse. c) To bring sth out from somewhere and show

it: He suddenly produccd a knife from his pock­ct.

6. BODY (linc 45) a) The physical structure that forms a person

or animal: Shc rubbcd sun lotion ovcr her cntire bodV

b) A group of people working as a unit: A go v­ernmel1t body is investt~e,ating the problem.

c) A separate object or mass: The distancc betwcen the two bodies in spacc was mcasured dailV

Task Decide if the following words are used as verbs or nouns in the text by writing verb or noun in the spaces provided.

1. costs (Iille 3) 7. work 1. (line 36)

2. stay (line 5) 8. work 2. (line 36)

3. fears (line 6) 9. costs (lillc 43)

4. survey 1. (line 13) .......................................... . 10. use (lille 44)

5. survey 2. (line 17) .......................................... . 11. changes (line 44) .......................................... .

6. shows (line 19) .......................................... . 12. mail (line 55)

Task Choose words from the box and use them either as nouns or verbs to fill in the gaps in the following sentences. Change the form of the word if necessary.

cost • stay • fear • survey • show • work • use • change • mail

1. Why don't we go to Edinburgh on Saturday and see a .................................... ?

2. He was pale and weak after the lengthy hospital .................................... .

3. Going on the expedition gives me a chance to .................................... all the training I've had.

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4. Don't forget to .................................... these letters.

5. It .................................... a lot to buy a house in this part of london.

6. They .................................... 500 householders and found that 40% of them had dishwashers.

7. She .................................... to speak in his presence.

S. It is not regarded as one of his more memorable .................................... .

9. That was twenty years ago and things have .................................... since then.

Task Fill in the chart with the correct forms of the given words from the text.

Verb Noun Noun (person) Adjective(s)

addict

believe

obsessed

sa tisfaction

suffer

lecturer

competitive

pressure

gambler

guilty

Task Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with the correct forms of the words in the box.

addict • believe • obsessed • satisfaction • suffer • lecturer • competitive • pressure • gambler • guilty

1. She's been a .................................... since she survived a terrible car accident.

2 ..................................... the button to start the machine!

3. They have 31 flavours of ice-cream - enough to .................................... everyone!

4. I attended a series of .................................... on Greek philosophy at the university.

5. I'm sure he did it, .................................... was written all over his face.

6. The problem with video games is that they're ................................... .

7. It's difficult for a small shop to .................................... with the big supermarkets.

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8. A new drug may give new hope to thousands of hay-fever ................................... .

9. She can only think of what and how much she eats; dieting has become an .............................. . with her.

10. He had to borrow money to payoff his .................................... debts.

Task Find words in the text which could replace the underlined expressions in the sentences. Change the form of the word if necessary and write it in the spaces provided.

1. .............................................. 2. .............................................. 3 .............................................. .

4. .............................................. 5. .............................................. 6 .............................................. .

7 .............................................. .

1. On their way home they met (par B) a woman selling flowers. 2. Many young children have a strong desire for (par C) attention. 3. This tax cannot be introduced without damage (par C) to the economy. 4. The star was addicted to heroin and died of too many drugs (par D) in Los Angeles. 5. He doesn't give enough care to (par G) that poor dog - he never takes him for walks or gives

him any attention. 6. I try to stay away from (par H) supermarkets on Saturdays - they're always so busy. 7. She tries very hard (par H) to improve her performance.

Task (D Complete the phrasal verbs with appropriate prepositions from the box.

down • on • in • up • back • off

1.

2. KEEP

to prevent a feeling, etc from being expressed; to restrain sth

to continue (doing something)

3.

4.

5. CUT

6.

to move or progress at the same rate

to reduce the quantity of something

to interrupt sb/sth

to cause a person/place to become separate

Task ® Use the verbs keep or cut in the following sentences.

1. I was just talking to Jan, when Dave ........................................ in.

2 ......................................... on past the church; the stadium is about half a mile further on.

3. Many villages have been ........................................ off by the heavy snow.

4. The doctor told him to ........................................ down his consumption of fat.

5. She was unable to ........................................ back her tears.

6. I can't ........................................ up with all the changes in computer technology.

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Task Fill in the gaps in the following sentences. Use one word for each gap from the box below.

for • at (2x) • out • with (2x) • to (3x) • in (2x) • of

1. He is addicted .............. TV soa p operas.

2. Nigel is carrying .............. research on early Christian art.

3. She was very involved with sports at college, .............. the detriment of her studies.

4. Why are people so obsessed .............. moneyc.

5. The team's success was largely due .............. her efforts.

6. The police are looking .............. clues.

7 ............... their efforts to reduce crime the government expanded the police force.

8. It must be difficult to cope .............. three small children and a job.

9. We are going to a restaurant that specializes .............. seafood.

10. She insists on eating .............. certain times of day.

11. The train driver was guilty .............. negligence.

12. Security during the president's visit must be maintained .............. all costs.

Task Complete the words in the box below with the right form of the suffix and fill in the gaps in the text below.

shop • football • chocolate • work • diesel • data

Alcoholic refers to a person who is addicted to

alcohol. The suffix -oholic or ~dho/ic is added to

other words to refer to various kinds of addiction.

The commonest of these is ............................. G),

who is someone unable or unwilling to stop

working. A person who craves chocolate is a

............................................. 0 and a person who

shops compulsively or very frequently IS a

................................. Cl), whereas someone who

cannot do without loads of information is a

····································0·

The -oftolic suffix is often used to generate new

words for humorous effect. For example, a driver

-oholic -(a)holic

unwilling to leave his car behind has been described as a ......................................... @. In addition,

it has been said of the Rangers manager Dick Advocaat that he is a ............................... @.

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Grammar reminder - Infinitive of purpose • To make sb do sth

Task Study the following extract from the text. Combine the pairs of sentences below into one using the Infinitive.

Mal1agers stM late at the office to use It.

1. I am buying paint. I want to paint my hall door.

2. They got up very early. They wanted to get to the top of the hill before sunrise.

3. He opened the lions' cage. He intended to feed the lions.

4. She put a scarecrow up in the field. She wanted to frighten the birds.

5. The workmen left red lights near the hole. They wanted to warn motorists.

6. We had no cups but he gave us coconut shells. He said we could drink out of them.

Task Study how make is used in the following extract from the text. Arrange the words below into sentences.

Competitive pressure and job Insecurity made people feel they had to stay up to date at a// costs.

1. morning start couldn't my I car this make

2. mind will my me nothing change make

3. your make water onions eyes

4. face laugh enough just make his me seeing is to

5. eighty photograph look makes the about me

6. the several but rang make hear couldn't I times anyone doorbell

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Follow-up activities

1. Read the Help Desk Jokes and discuss the questions below.

a) Are people more computer literate nowadays? b) Would you like to work at a computer help desk? c) Have you heard/experienced similar funny cases?

So many people have called to ask where the "any" key is when "Press any key" flashes on the screen that the company is considering changing the command to "Press Return Key".

Customer: "My sound card is defective and want a new one.

Tech Support: "What seems to be the prob­lem?"

Customer: "The balance is backwards. The left channel is coming out of the right speaker and the right channel is coming out the left. It's defective."

Tech Support: "You can solve the problem by moving the left speaker to the right side of the machine and vice versa."

A customer called to say he couldn't get his computer to fax anything. After 40 minutes of troubleshooting, the technician discovered the man was trying to fax a piece of paper by hold­ing it in front of the monitor screen and hitting the "Send" key.

Tech support: At 3:37 a.m. I received a frantic phone call from a new user of a Macintosh Plus. She had gotten her entire family out of the house and was calling from her neigh­bour's. She had just received her first system error and interpreted the picture of the bomb on the screen as a warning that the computer was going to blow up.

2. Write a paragraph of approximately 80-100 words about how you use computers. Include the following points.

C . ~ Gwhat purpoV When you use It

GSigns of addi~ 0 0w mu0 What you take time away from

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Before you read

UNIT 11 The Life Doctor

Task Look at the following cartoon from the Guardian about the Lennard family of Bedford. Fill in the gaps with the pronouns from the box while reading the captions. You can use one pronoun more than once.

I • my • he • him • his • she • her • they • them • their • themselves

REASONS WHY A FAMILY WON'T 3PEAK TO EACH OTHER ...

Task Make the Lennard family tree by filling in the ovals with names from the cartoon.

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Task Discuss the following questions in pairs or in small groups.

1. What makes the cartoon funny (wording, drawing, situation, etc.)? 2. Who is Mr Appleby? 3. Why doesn't Anon. (Anonymous) want to give his real name? 4. What is the family problem that the cartoon exposes? 5. How do you think Anon.'s family reacted when they saw the cartoon? 6. How would you react in a similar situation? 7. How would you try to solve a problem like this? 8. What advice would you give to the Lennards? 9. What family cartoons do you know? What are they about?

Read the text

The Life Doctor Eleanor Bailey

A Does your family stereotype you? Are you always the sensible coper or the emotional one who needs to be looked after? Psychotherapists think that we and our families unwittingly collude to create an emotional stuck-in-the-mud.

B In this new book Should You Leave? American psychiatrist Peter Kramer, cites an occasion when psychotherapist Murray Bowen broke his family emotion­al "triangles" so people could be them­selves. During a family crisis he deliberate­ly alienated family members who normal­ly took his side. He wrote contradictory letters. They met for a weekend where everything exploded but Bowen held firm. And it worked. By one person breaking the pattern consistently, the others were able to take different roles. The needy sis-

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ter became autonomous, the feuding brothers stopped. It revolutionised family therapy.

C To test this out we asked a passive, responsible coper to be a tantrum thrower for a week. Anne, 27, (no, of course, it's not her real name; how could she upset her mother?) says: "From an early age, my sister was the temperamental genius and indulged. There is this unspoken belief that my mother is a huge musical talent too, but that her children stifled her. My father does everything for Mum. My brother and I go round every Sunday to avoid upsetting her. Not my sister. They give her money, she goes round when she wants and treats my father like a taxi service. She throws tantrums if she does not get her own way."

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D Day one No family contact. Normally I ring my mother every day. I don't. Weird.

E Day two to four Still no contact. If I didn't ring would I never speak to my mother again? Is she dead on the kitchen floor? Begin to notice how I might have been helping my mother be needy.

F Day {I've My sister rings me in tears. An orchestral job has been cancelled. Instead of saying "there there, there'll be another one soon", I say "you might never work again!" And throw a fit (I practised earlier). She stops crying, gets angry and gets off the line. My mother rings me. She has heard from my sister. How could I be so thoughtless? I should be supportive. I put the phone down on her. Wow. I feel scared and pow­erful at the same time.

Check your understanding

G Day six The big one. For the first time in my adult life I miss Sunday lunch. No explanation, I just don't turn up. My father rings up. He reasons with me (like always) "You're upsetting your mother," I say "but what about you Dad? Are you upset? Wouldn't you rather skive off too and go fishing?" This a first too, asking my father what he thinks. He is thrown. He says "That's not the point.", but I can tell he's tempted. Maybe he'll rebel too!

H Day seven My mother rings me up. She is not hyster­ical. She says, "are you all right?" My mother has never asked me this before. For some reason, I become tearful. Another first. My mother is quite nice really. She says, "You don't have to come round on Sundays, you know." I am amazed.

(The Independent)

Task· Decide if the following statements are true or false or not stated in the text. Write T (true) or F (false) or NS (not stated) in the boxes provided.

1. All the members of the family meet every Sunday.

2. Ann and her sister quarrelled a lot as children.

3. Ann's sister usually does what the others tell her to do.

4. Ann is always the first person her sister calls up if she has a problem.

S. Ann's sister is a musician.

6. On day six Ann calls her parents to say that she cannot go to Sunday lunch.

7. Ann thinks her father would like to go fishing instead of the family lunch.

8. The shock therapy seems successful on the last day.

Task According to paragraph C who could have said the following sentences? Write the letters F (father), M (mother), B (brother), S (sister) or A (Anne) in the boxes provided.

1. 'Hello. Is that you? I'm sorry I can't come round this weekend. I have so much to do' D 2. 'What a career I could have made!' D 3. 'It's difficult but I'll come. I know how worried she would be.' D 4. 'Thanks a lot! I'll try to give it back as soon as I can.' D

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5. 'Why is Ann late? We usually arrive at the same time.'

6. 'Of course, of course. As you want it.'

7. 'By the way, could you give me a lift tonight?'

D D D

Task On day five Ann says she feels scared and powerful at the same time. Match the days with how Ann might have felt according to what she said using the words from the box.

worried • surprised • determined • strange

(/) on day one.

(2) on day two to four.

Ann felt ...... sc{lred (/lId powertiil...... on day five.

.......................................... (3) on day six.

(4) on day seven.

Task An expert from the Institute of Family Therapy gives advice to those who would like to tryout the new therapy. Match the sentence beginnings in Column A below with the correct endings in Column B.

Column A Column B

1. Timing is very important; .,. D D

a) ... different families will have different responses.

2. Think through the likely conse­quences, as ...

D

b) ... it happens. c) ... don't do it during a big life-changing event.

d) ... you decide on a change of behaviour. 3. Be careful with radical steps because ... e) ... even a tiny change may make a big difference.

4. You can test the water by ."

5. Say to a particular person, ...

6. That way they are not so shocked when ...

7. But be consistent if ...

8. It is easy ...

D D D

D D

Vocabulary development

f) ... having an 'as if' conversation.

g) ... to give in.

h) ... 'what would happen if I behaved like this?'

Task Find the following extracts in the text and guess from the context what the underlined parts might mean. Choose a), b) or c).

1. There is this lIllspoken belief that my mother is a musiwl talent tOOl but that her children stifled her. (par C)

2. She throws tantrums if size doesn It get her Olt'l1

a) her children spoiled her too much b) she couldn't make a career because of having

children c) her children are even more talented than her

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way. (par C) a) has sudden, noisy outbursts of bad temper b) angrily throws everything at the others c) quickly says a lot of unpleasant things to the

others

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3. \'(/ollldll't YOLI rather skive off too alld go (tshll1g? (par G) a) tell the truth openly at last b) forget about my mother's hysteria c) go away and not do the unpleasant duty

Task For each of the expressions in Column A find one expression in the text which has a similar meaning. Write them in Column B.

Column A Column B

1. a genius (par C) ...................................................... .................... ~arq

2. to throw a tantrum (par C) .......................................................................... (par F)

3. in tears (par F) ...................................................... ···················0fflr ffl

4. earlier (f7ar F) ...................................................... ···················0ffl rffl

5. to get off the line (par F)

6. be supportive (par F)

........................................................................... (pdr F)

........................................................................... (par B)

Task Decide which expression matches each row of examples. Write them in the spaces provided.

indulged by • scared of • upset by • tempted by • thrown by • amazed at

1. ..................................... sb's beauty, a result, anything unbelievable, .. .

2 ...................................... a remark a question, anything disturbing, .. .

You can be 3 ...................................... ghosts, dogs, darkness, anything fearful, .. .

4 ...................................... laziness, nice clothes, the devil, anything persuasive .. .

5 ...................................... your parents, husband/wife, anyone who likes you .. .

6 ...................................... unpleasant experiences, bad news, anything worrying .. .

Task Fill in the gaps in the following sentences. Use one expression for each sentence from the box below.

indulged by • scared of • upset by tempted by • thrown by • amazed at

1. The speaker was completely ........................................ . the interruption.

2. They are ......................................... making a fool of themselves.

3. We were ......................................... the change in his appearance.

4. We were ......................................... the delicious-looking food.

5. They were ......................................... the poverty they saw abroad.

6. He is ......................................... his parents too much. It's bad for his character.

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Task Find verbs in the text which could replace the underlined words or expressions in the following sentences. Write the appropriate form of each verb in the spaces provided.

1. The drug is quite safe, it has been tried to see how well it works several times. . ....................................... (par C)

2. A good boss should not suppress new ideas. . ....................................... (par C)

3. Try to make efforts not to have accidents. . ....................................... (par C)

4. An officer must know how to handle his men. . ....................................... (par C)

5. I suddenly became aware of a fat man sitting in the front row. ......................................... (par E)

6. He was not present at the meeting! ........................................ (par C)

7. Sorry. I didn't want to make you feel worried and unhappy. . ....................................... (17m C)

8. He strongly protested against his strict upbringing. .. ...................................... (pm C)

Task Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with a word from the box.

with • about • up (2x) • round (2x) • down • off • on

1. Ring ............................. the airport and find out when the plane takes off.

2. Why don't you come ............................. to my flat this evening?

3. It is very impolite to put the phone ........................................................ " somebody.

4. What ............................. going to the dance with me on Saturday?

5. Don't get ............................. the line! I am still talking.

6. I'm going ............................. to my parents' later.

7. The missing boy turned ............................. an hour later.

8. We all know how difficult it is to reason ............................. a fanatic person.

Task Twelve adjectives have been substituted by their noun forms in the following summary. Strike throl:lgh these nouns and write the appropriate adjective forms above them. Choose from the suffixes below to make the adjectives. One has been done for you as an example.

-al • -less • -ive • -ful • -ible • -y • -ous

passive Ann is a passivity, response, autonomy person who decides to break the family pattern. Her

mother has always been considered a music talent and her sister the temperament genius. One

day Ann's sister rings and tells her in a tear voice that she has lost an orchestra job. She expects

Ann to be support but Ann is very thought. Her sister gets anger and Ann feels power. Next

Sunday without any explanation she misses the family lunch but her mother is not hysteria.

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.f): .. ~<~ ..... ~c,\"'Sj , ";,,;;';';

Task Complete these lists by forming the adjective forms of each of the words in this list.

expression • fame • cheese • child • nature • truth • rely • effect • ambition • beauty • sleep • friend • norm • access

-al

-lYe

-less

-ful

-able/ible

-y

-ous

Task ... Fill in the gaps in the extract with one of the linking expressions from the box below.

normally • that • but • and • too • instead of • for some reason • from an early age • for the first time

..................................... CD I wanted to have pets ............................................ ® I never told my

parents. . ................................ ® I thought ........................................ @ they wouldn't like pets

and I didn't want to upset them ............................. .

@ I avoided reasoning, .......................................... .

@. So ................................................. (}) asking for

a pet, I decided to wait. I am 21 now, and

............................................... ® in my life I have

got a nice, fat kitten. My parents came round to

my flat the other day ........................................... .

® said: 'We always wanted a pet! Why didn't you tell

us you liked them?' I was amazed!

Grammar reminder - Reported speech

Task Read what Anon's relatives (Task 1) tell him and how he reports it. Then change the direct speech into reported speech in the sentences below.

• Edith: 'I won't phone up your brother because he doesn't phone me.' • My mother (Edith) said she wouldn't phone up my brother because he didn't phone her.

• Edith: 'Jennifer said something very hurtful to me on the phone.' • Edith said that Jennifer had said something very hurtful to her on the phone.

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1. Harry said to his wite, 'I'm going to see my mother this evening it I can get away trom the office a little earlier. Have you any messages for her?'

Harry said to his wife that ............................................................................................................ ..

2. 'Why don't you go and push a baby-carriagec' the taxi-driver said to the other driver angrily. 'You're not fit to drive a car.'

The taxi driver asked ....................................................................................................................... .

3. 'If you really think I said that about you,' said Charles, 'I'm not surprised that you're angry with me. But I assure you I did not.'

Charles said that if ......................................................................................................................... ..

Follow-up activities

1. Read paragraphs F-H in the text The Life Doctor. Act out the following dialogues. Add as many details as you want.

• Day five: Ann and her sister • Day six: Ann and her father • Day five: Ann and her mother • Day seven: Ann and her mother

2. Summarise what the text The life Doctor is about. Discuss the following questions in pairs or small groups.

a) Do you agree that families stereotype family members? Why? b) What is your stereotyped role in your family (if any)? c) Can family members take different roles if somebody breaks the pattern? Why? d) What do you think about Ann's experiment with her own familyc

3. Write a composition of 150-200 words about what happened in Ann's family after the experiment.

4. Read the following reader's letter and write a reply of 100-150 words about what she should do.

Despite 10 years of trying, plus some very unwelcome tips and sarcastic comments from certain members of my family, I am still unable to transfer milk from a bottle to a cup without getting it all over the floor. Is it just me, or is there some deep, dark conspiracy going on? Either way, can you help? I am at my wits' end.

MM (aged 12), London

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UNIT 12 Conversations with virtual granny

Before you read

Task Discuss the following questions in pairs or small groups.

1. Make a list of some of the functions of computers. 2. Make a list of ten jobs in which people use computers. Which functions of computers do these

people use? 3. How can a computer be abused? 4. Have you heard of any crime that was committed with the help of a computer? 5. Do you have a computer at home? What do you use it for? 6. What does 'virtual reality' mean? (YOIi ca11 (I'lId tin exp/{/1/{/tioll ill the Kev.) 7. Look at the picture below and try to guess what the text is about.

Task The words in Column A are taken from the text. Match them with the expres-sions in Column B which have a similar meaning.

Column A Column B

1. immortality D a) expect that sth will happen

2. anima tion D b) great enjoyment

3. footage D c) film or part of a film

4. posthumous D d) brought back to life again

5. interaction D e) happening after death

6. tracking D f) film in which drawings or puppets appear to move

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7. anticipate D g) attractiveness or interest

8. relish

9. appeal

10. resurrected

D h) following the marks or the movements of sth

D i) communicating or co-operating with each other

D j) living for ever, never dying

11. artificial intelligence

12. screen legends

D k) capacity of machines to simulate intelligent human behaviour

D 1) film stars

Read the text

Conversations with virtual granny Clive Cookson looks forward to an al1imated 'life' after death

(Extract)

You died 10 years ago. Sadly, the best 1

efforts of 21 st century medical technology could not keep you alive beyond the age of 120. But friends and relatives can still inter­act with you, or rather with a hyper-realis- 5

tic computer animation of you, thanks to your "virtual immortality".

The computer has processed all the avail­able photographs and video footage taken during your lifetime, all the recordings of 10

your voice and much of what you wrote, including a long personal testament written for your electronic afterlife. It now has the essence of your looks, voice and character -and can chat realistically to anyone about 15

current events, from family gossip to inter­national politics.

Some people will be excited by the prospect of this sort of posthumous exis­tence, some will be horrified - but no one 20

should dismiss it merely as science fiction. Computer scientists are making such rapid progress with human interactions that they are talking about virtual immortality as a serious prospect for the future. 25

"I think it's a neat idea," says David Hogg, professor of artificial intelligence at Leeds University. "You could give the com­puter videos of granny, taken before she died, and she'd be able to talk back to you 30

as if she were alive." Hogg is one of those working "to equip a

virtual human being with the ability to

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interact in a natural way". With his Leeds colleagues Neil Johnson and Aphrodite 35

Galata, he has taught a computer to simu­late convincingly one of the simpler forms of interaction: shaking hands.

If you shake hands with an imaginary partner, the Leeds computer will fill in the missing person on its screen. 40

Although that may seem simple, the researchers had to work out an extreme-ly complex algorithm (mathematical process) to enable the computer to "learn" the movements of handshaking 45

by analysing video sequences of real peo­ple shaking hands.

To supplement this work on gestures, the Leeds researchers recently moved on to the more challenging task of teaching a 50

computer to simulate and respond to facial expressions, working with Chris Taylor at Manchester University who has developed a computerised face tracking system. 55

While virtual immortality for the mass-es lies decades in the future, movie stars will not have to wait so long. Indeed, the Hollywood studios are already anticipat­ing with relish the box office appeal of 60

new films featuring resurrected screen legends such as Marilyn Monroe and Bruce Lee.

(Final1cial Times)

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Check your understanding

Task Decide whether the following statements are true or false or not stated accord-ing to the text. Write T (true) or F (false) or NS (not stated) in the boxes provided.

1. The text suggests that 21 st century medicine may extend human life. r---I 2. If the computer can process enough data, it can create an animation of people. [

3. People can interact with each other after their deaths.

4. The computer has a testament which regulates electronic afterlife.

5. People will probably feel differently about virtual immortality.

6. David Hogg finds the idea of virtual immortality unpleasant.

7. David Hogg has recorded video sequences of real people shaking hands.

8. Simulating facial expressions is more difficult than simulating gestures.

9. The Hollywood Studios expect new Marilyn Monroe films to make a lot of money.

Task Answer the following questions in no more than five words.

1. What is virtual immortality?

2. What information does the computer need to be able to animate a person?

I

1

.1

I I

a) ............................................................................................................................................................ .

~ ............................................................................................................................................................ .

c) ............................................................................................................................................................ .

d) ............................................................................................................................................................ .

3. What can an animated person talk about?

a) ............................................................................................................................................................ .

b) ............................................................................................................................................................ .

4. What are the people at Leeds University working on?

5. What did they need to teach the computer how to shake hands?

6. How can Chris Taylor contribute to the project?

7. Why do studios want to make new films with resurrected screen legends?

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Vocabulary development

Task Underline the words in the text which end in -ment or -ion. Study what they mean in the text.

Task Complete the following table by either the verb or the noun made from the given words.

Verb Noun (-ment) Noun (-ion)

interact

animation

excite

eqUIp

simulate

movement

express

develop

anticipate

resurrect

Task Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with a word from the table in Task 6.

1. Men often do not want to .......................... their feelings explicitly.

2. The ......................... for the new laboratory cost much more than we had expected.

3 .......................... games often help students to prepare for real life situations.

4. Living in a big city offers a lot of .......................... to young people.

5. A good general can .......................... what the enemy will do.

6. Many scientists would like to .......................... a vaccine for AIDS.

7. Roger Rabbit is a film that blended .......................... and film together.

8. She was so frightened that she couldn't .......................... .

9 ........................... in Christianity is the event when Jesus came alive again three days after he

was killed.

10. Human beings can .......................... with each other by gestures and facial expressions, too.

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Task Look at the lists of words and complete the sentences below with either the adverbs or the adjectives.

Adjective Adverb Adjective Adverb sad sadly convmcmg convincingly realistic realistically extreme extremely mere merely recent recently

1. He pu blished two new thrillers ............................... .

2 ................................ we don't seem to have much chance of winning the scholarship.

3. She told a very ............................... story and we all believed it.

4. We'd like to move next week, but ............................... we will have to wait until June.

5. I'm ............................... sorry but I'm afraid I can't help.

6. We thought it was painted by Gaugain, but in fact, it was .............................. a reproduction.

7. It was a ............................... accident that he found out the truth.

8. The novel includes ........................................... descriptions of how miners lived in the 19th

century.

9. I'm sorry, but I've got some ............................... news for you.

10. You must speak more ............................... if you want to make them buy the product.

Task Decide if the following words are used as verbs or nouns in the text by writing verb or noun in the spaces provided.

1. process (linc 8) 5. progress (linc 23) .......................................... ..

2. chat (Iil1c 15) 6. shake (lil1c 38) .......................................... ..

3. gossip (lillcI6) 7. screen (linc 40)

4. prospect (linc 19) 8. relish (linc 60)

Task Use the words in the box either as nouns or verbs to fill in the gaps in the following sentences.

face • gossip • process • progress • prospect • relish • screen • shake • supplement

1. Routine office jobs have no ....................... for me.

2. A ....................... of the head means 'no' in most European cultures.

3. Most students ....................... their grants by working at the weekends or in their holidays.

4. You can't accept your position and you can't improve it if you don't ....................... the facts first.

5. The window was broken and we used a ....................... to keep the cold off.

6. Mankind seems to have made very little ....................... since the beginning of civilisation.

7. The ....................... of finding a new job might be difficult for people in their forties.

8. You shouldn't believe all the ....................... you've heard from your old aunties.

9. How fast does the new computer ....................... the data?

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Task The words in Column A have more than one meaning. Tick the meaning in Column B to indicate the meaning these words have in the simplified sentences.

Column A

1. EFFORT Even the best efforts of 21st century technology cannot keep you alive for ever.

2. RElATIVE Friends and relatives will be able to inter­act with you.

3. AVAIlABLE The computer has processed all the avail­able photos.

4. TESTAMENT I t has processed your testament which you wrote for your electronic afterlife.

5. ESSENCE The computer has the essence of your looks, voice and character.

6. CURRENT The computer can chat about current events.

7. EXISTENCE Some people will like the possibility of posthumous existence.

8. DISMISS No one should dismiss this possibility as science fiction.

9. NEAT Mr. Hogg says it is a neat idea.

10. ARTIFICIAL David Hogg is a professor of artificial intelligence.

11. RESPOND

Column B

a) use of strength and energy b) energetic attempt, struggle

a) comparative, being in relation to sth else b) person who is related to another

a) that can be used or obtained b) free to be seen or talked to

a) thing that proves that sth is true b) legal document in which a person tells

what he wants to happen to his property after his death

a) most important quality of sth b) extract of a plant, drug, etc.

a) happening now b) movement of water, air, electricity, etc.

a) state of existing b) way of living

a) remove sb or send sb away b) consider sb/sth not worth thinking about

a) tidy, arranged in an orderly way b) fine, splendid

a) made by man, imitating sth natural b) affected, insincere

a) give a verbal or written answer Researchers try to teach a computer to respond to facial expressions. b) act in answer to sth, behave in a similar way

12. MASS Immortality for the masses lies decades in the future.

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a) quantity of matter without a regular shape b) (the masses) general pu blic

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Task Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with a word from Task 11. Use the correct form of the words.

1. Many Scottish people believe in the ........................... of ghosts.

2. I asked him about his mother, but he didn't ............................ .

3. You should turn to a lawyer if you think you have been unfairly ............................ .

4. It is difficult to swim against the ............................ .

5. I am ........................... for a job interview from 15th March.

6. They made every ........................... to help, but unfortunately, they couldn't.

7 ............................ pearls often look like real ones, and they are very expensive, too.

8. She has very nice, ........................... writing. It's easy to read.

9. Could you buy some vanilla ........................... for the cake?

10. Truth is always .......................... .

11. A ........................... of snow broke away and started an avalanche.

12. When he heard the news, he wrote another ............................ .

Task Fill in the gaps with the words in the box below. You can use the same word more than once.

at • back • beyond • in • to • with

1. A trip to the USA was ........................... belief when I was a young man.

2. Thanks ........................... the bad weather, they had cancelled the football match.

3. You shouldn't talk ........................... to your mother, Katie.

4. She tried to smile .............. a natural way, but she couldn't.

5. The patient responded very well ................ the treatment.

6. I studied history and arts ................ university.

7. Not all the soldiers were equipped ....................... guns and winter clothes.

8. Could you fill ................... this form, please?

9. Can we move on .............. the next question?

10. In Africa people interact ................. each other in a different way.

Grammar reminder - Relative clauses • Conditional

Task Study the following extracts from the text (Column A) and how we can re-write them using a relative clause (Column 8).

Column A

The computer has processed all the photo­graphs takel1 during your lifetime.

98

Column B

The computer has processed all the photo­graphs ,vhichlthat were takel1 during your life­time.

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You could give the computers videos of granny, takell before she died.

You could give the computers videos of granny It'llieh/that were/had beell takell before she died.

Mr Hogg is one of those workilt£!, "to equip a virtual human being with the ability to inter­act in a natural way".

Mr Hogg is a researcher who is workillg "to equip a virtual human being with the ability to interact in a natural way".

Hollywood Studios are anticipating the box office appeal of new films featuril1g resurrect­ed screen legends.

Hollywood Studios are anticipating the box office appeal of new films lr'llIdl/that (emurc resurrected screen legends.

Task Re-write the following sentences. Use Which, that or who in your sentences if necessary.

1. The computer will process a personal testament written for your electronic afterlife.

2. The computer will use an algorythm worked out by a team of mathematicians.

3. The computer analysed video sequences of real people shaking hands.

4. They will use a computerized face tracking system developed by Chris Taylor from Manchester.

5. New films using the animation of Marilyn Monroe may hit the box office in the near future.

6. Many people are horrified by the progress made by computer scientists in recent years.

Task Complete the following conditional sentences using the verbs in brackets.

1. If you shake hands with an imaginary partner, the Leeds computer ........................... (FILL) in the missing person on its screen.

2. If they use Taylor's computerized face tracking system, the computer .......................... . (RESPOND) to facial expressions.

3. If the computer processes all the data about a person, it ........................... (BE ABLE) to chat realistically.

4. If they could make new films using animations of film stars, they ........................... (NOT PAY) so much to living actors.

5. If I were responsible for research, I ........................ (NOT GIVE) any money for such purposes.

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6. If people were not interested, there""""""""" .. (BE) no research.

7. If they spent less money on projects like 'virtual immortality', they ........................... (CAN SPEND) more on saving people's lives.

8. If they had used a computerised warning service, many people ........................... (SURVIVE) the tsunami in South Asia.

9. If people had received information in time, they ........................... (LEAVE) the seaside before the tsunami arrived.

10. If they manage to raise enough funds, they ........................... (DEVELOP) a new marine obser-vation system.

Follow-up activities

1. Discuss the following questions in small groups.

• How does the Internet change our lives? • Printed books will soon be viewed as objects of art since people will rather use the computer

If they need information or if they want to read fiction. Do you agree c

• Computers will destroy human relationships. Do you agree with this statement c

• What do you think of battery operated toys such as the one described belowc

Just Add Walking

Some virtual pets reqUire constant button-pressing to keep them alive. Nintendo's new PokCmon Pikachu just needs a daily walk to maintain the happiness of the tiny character that lives inside the yellow device, which kids can attach to their pants like a pager. A built-in pedometer keeps track of how far you've travelled and converts your steps into "watts", food for your pet Pikachu, a roly-poly gerbil-like creature. This pet has legs.

(NcH'Slt'cclc)

2. Your American friends ask you if they could send a Pokemon Pikachu (described above) to your 10-year-old child/brother/sister as a birthday present.

a) If you like the idea, write a letter (in 120-150 words) of thanks in which you explain why you think it will be a good present for a kid.

b) If you don't like the idea, write a letter (in 120-150 words) to them and try to persuade them to choose something else as a present. Explain to them why you don't want your child/brother/sister to have a toy like that.

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UNIT 13 Punk Baby Jesus and the three Masters

of the Universe

Before you read

Task Look at the pictures below and discuss in what ways your family Christmas is similar to/different from what you can see in the pictures.

Task Discuss the following questions in pairs or small groups.

1. What is the nativity scene? 2. Who and what can usually be seen in a nativity scene? 3. Where and when can nativity scenes be seen? 4. What was/is the purpose of nativity scenes? 5. What do you associate the nativity scene with?

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Read the text

Artist in travesty of the nativity scene asks: what's so offensive?

Punk Baby Jesus and the three Masters of the Universe By Kate Ginn

A As natIvIty scenes go, it is perhaps a G Miss Wilson said: 'I see absolutely noth-touch on the modern side. ing offensive about our work. We are

B The infant Jesus sports a punk hairstyle just trying to expand the Christian ideal with a love heart on his face and his of the nativity by making it more mother Mary is a Sindy doll. Barbies 5 appealing to a modern audience. It shows 35

hover overhead dressed as angels and her the nuclear family, the depravation, but long-time companion Ken is Joseph. The the magical way all this turns out all Wise Men are Masters of the Universe right in the end. It is unusual but meant toys, while leopards, cows and three to be humorous.' outsize kittens complete the picture. 10 H But Kent County Council's art and 40

C The scene, designed by two artists, was libraries committee chairman Derek due to go on display to hundreds of Dolding said: 'I really feel that it is not schoolchildren at Strood library in Kent for adults to impose their interpretation tomorrow. But last night, after Church on a traditional tale. I will be looking leaders and councillors complained that 15 into how this came about.' 45

it was in bad taste, it was banned. I John Banner, vicar of Holy Trinity D Keith Ferrin, deputy leader of Kent Church in Turnbridge Wells, said: 'It is

county council who ordered its re- like Father Christmas turning up in a moval, said: 'I feel it may be offensive limousine wearing a business suit. Due to some people and therefore it will 20 reverence should be paid to the Christ 50

not now go ahead.' child and I don't think anything is E The Archdeacon of Rochester, the Ven gained by giving him a modern haircut.

Norman Warren, said: 'Some of the val- I think this is all in very bad taste.' ues associated with the toys might not J The local authority said it was acting on be ones we would want to encourage.' 25 concerns raised. 'It was quite a modern 55

F London-based artists Julia Wilson and exhibition and some might appreciate it Liz Kent were commissioned by the but other people might be offended,' library and put the nativity together for said a council spokesman. 'The last £100, using second-hand dolls. A second thing we want to do is offend people at display was also made, featuring 30 Christmas.' 60

Captain Scarlet. (Daily Mail)

Check your understanding

Task Choose the best answers to these questions according to the text. Circle a), b), c) or d).

1. ... gave the artists the job of making a nativity display in the library. a) The county council b) The library c) Church leaders d) It is not stated who

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2 .... decided not to allow the displaying of the nativity scene. a) The local authority b) The library c) Church leaders d) The children's parents

3. The artists were given £100 ". a) as payment for making the display. b) to cover the costs of the second-hand toys. c) as payment and to cover the costs. d) but it is not stated if it is payment or costs or both.

4. Which ONE statement is NOT true? The artists say they wanted to a) be provocative to warn people of today's false values. b) make a funny display. c) make Christianity more attractive to the people of today. d) display Christianity in a broader sense.

Task Read what the following people say about the nativity display. Indicate if they like or dislike it or if their personal opinion is not stated. Tick (,r) the appropriate boxes.

Likes Dislikes Not stated

1. Keith Ferrin

2. Norman Warren

3. Julia Wilson

4. Derek Dolding

5. John Banner

6. Council spokesman

7. Kate Ginn (the author o(the article)

Task Find the words in the text which the following words refer to. Write them in the spaces provided.

1. (lille 4) his

2. (lille 6) her

3. (Iille 1b) it

4. (line 16) it

5. (Iillc 18) its

6. (Iillc 25) ones

7. (lillc 34) it

8. (Iillc 52) him

9. (lillc 54) it

10. (lillc 56) it

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Vocabulary development

Task Find the expressions from the text which match with the definitions below. Write them in the spaces provided.

1. ......................................... (par B):

2 .......................................... (par E):

3 .......................................... (par F):

4. . ....................................... (par G):

5. . ....................................... (par G):

6 ......................................... (par H):

7 ......................................... (par H):

8 .......................................... (par H):

make (sth) whole or perfect

give support, confidence or hope to sb

give sb the job of doing sth

attractive, charming or interesting

group of people who gathered together to hear or watch sb/sth

person in charge of a committee or meeting

try to make people accept opinions, beliefs, etc as a rule or model to copy

story, especially one involving adventure or magic

Task look at the two verb+noun partnerships below and guess their meaning from the context or check it in the dictionary. Then complete the two lists of verb+noun partnerships using the nouns in the box.

Due rel'erel1Ce should be paid to the Christ chi/d. (par J) to pay reverence to raise concerns The local authority smA it was acting all concerlls raised. (par})

respects • doubts • aHention • suspicion • a visit • a fuss • lip-service • fears

to pay to raise

....................... reverel1ce ...................... .. . ..................... col1cerns ......................... .

Task Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with nouns from the box of Task 7 to make pay+noun or raise+noun partnerships.

1. He pays ................................... to feminism but his wife still does all the housework.

2. It's certain mummy will raise .................................. when she learns you have broken her best vase.

3. I live in the neighbouring village. It would be nice if you paid me ................................... some-time.

4. I paid very little ................................... to what I heard.

5. The latest scientific discoveries raise ................................... about earlier theories.

6. His tearful family came to pay their last ................................... .

7. Nobody knew who had stolen the money but her strange behaviour raised ............................. .

8. The increase of crime raised ................................... among the population.

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Task Look at the dictionary extracts below. Choose the definition which most closely agrees with the meaning of the word in the text.

1. SPORT (par B) a) Physical activity done for exercise or

amusement: She plays a lot of sport. b) A particular game or pastime: Hockey! foot­

ball and tenllis are a/l sports. c) Amusement, fun: do sth for sport; say sth in

sport, ie not seriously d) Have or wear sth proudly for others to see:

She sForted a diamond ring. e) Play about, amuse oneself: Dolphins were

sportillg about ill the water.

2. DUE (pm C) 3. DUE (pm I) a) Owed as a debt or obligation: Have they

been paid the mOlley due to them? b) Requiring immediate payment: My rellt isn!t

due till Monday. c) Scheduled, arranged, expected: The train is

due (ie scheduled to arrive) in five minutes. d) Suitable, right, proper: After due considera­

tioll they made a decision.

4. ORDER (pm D) a) Give order to, command: The doctor ordered

me to stay in bed. b) Request sb to bring food, drink, etc in a

hotel, restaurant, etc: Fve ordered a steak. c) Put (sth) in order, arrange: I must have time

to order my thoughts.

5. WAY (17m G) a) Place for walking, travelling, etc along: a

way across the fields

b) Route (to be) taken in order to reach a place: the best; quickest; etc way from A to B

c) Method or style of doing sth: What is the best way to clean this?

d) Particular aspect of sth: She helped us ill every possible way.

6. MEAN (par G) a) Signify sth: What does this it'Drd mean? b) Intend sb/sth to be sb/sth: She was never

meant to be a teacher. c) Unkind, nasty: It \Vas meall of yOU to eat all

the food. d) Midway between two extremes, average:

the mean annual temperature

7. ACT (par J) a) Do sth, perform actions: The time for talkil1g

is past; ire must act at ol1ce. b) Do what is expected of one as an official

person: The police refi/sed to act trithout more evidellce.

c) Perform a part in a play or film: Who is act­ing Hamlet?

8. CONCERN (11m J) a) Worry, anxiety: There is 110 collsideraMe con­

cern for their safety. b) Thing that is important or interesting to

sb: What are your main concerns as a writer? c) Company, business: the giant German chemi­

cal concern! Hoechst

Task Match each underlined phrasal verb with an expression of similar meaning from the box below by writing a)-e) in the boxes on the right. Then use the phrasal verbs to complete the sentences below (1-5).

a) examine sth • b) prove to be sth • c) happen • d) take place • e) arrive

It may be offensive to some people and it will not go ahead. (par D) D ... the magical way all this turns out all right in the end. (par G) D I will be looking into.. . D ... how this came about. (par H) D It is like Father Christmas turning up in a limousine wearing a business suit. (par I) D

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1. Can you tell me how the accident ................................... ?

2. His disappearance is being ................................... by the police.

3. We invited her to dinner but she didn't even bother to ................................... .

4. Despite the bad weather the garden party will .................................... .

5. If the day ................................... to be wet we may have to change our plans.

Task The verbs in the box are taken from the text. These verbs + a preposition can make phrasal verbs. Find one verb for each box which can be used with the given prepositions and meanings.

come • go • look • turn

after Take care of oneself/sb

1. ................... . forward to

through

up

down

down

2. ................... out

3 ................... ,

4 .................. ..

over

to

across

back

round

up

for

off

off

out with

Expect sth with pleasure

Examine or read sth quickly

Search for (a word or fact) in a dictionary or reference book

Refuse sb's request or offer

Adjust (a cooker, radio, etc) to reduce the heat, noise, etc

Produce

Do business worth (a specified amount)

Go to sb/sth for help, advice, etc

Meet or find sbl sth by chance

Become popular, successful or fashionable again

Visit sb or a place

Be mentioned or discussed, arise

Choose sth

Make a sudden, loud noise, be sounded

Become unfit to eat or drink, go bad

Spend time with sb and have a romantic relationship with him

Task Fill in the gaps in the sentences below. In each case choose one expression from the box. Use the correct form of the verbs.

come across • come back • come round • come up • go for • go off (2x) • go out with • look after • look through • look forward to • turn down • turn out • turn over • turn to

1. The subject ................................... in conversation.

2. The thieves ran away when the burglar alarm ................................... .

3. Who will ................................... the children while their mother is in hospital?

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4. The tactory ................................... 900 cars a week.

5. Terry has been ................................... Sharon for six weeks.

6. We are so much ................................... seeing you again.

7. She ................................... her notes before the examination.

8. He asked Jane to marry him but she ......................... him .......... .

9. Miniskirts are starting to ................................... .

10. The more depressed he got, the more he ................................... drink.

11. I .................................. an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning.

12. Don't drink this milk. It has .................................... .

13. The company ................................... £150 million a year.

14. Why don't you ................................... to my flat this evening?

15. I think I'll ................................... the fruit salad.

Task Find the expressions in the text which could replace the underlined expressions in the following letter. Write the words in the spaces provided.

1 ............................................ . 2 ............................................ . 3 ............................................ .

4 ........................................... . 5 ............................................ . 6 ............................................ .

7 ........................................... . 8 ............................................ . 9 ............................................ .

10. ........................................... 11. ............................................ 12 ................................. .

13 ........................................... .

Dear Est-f.w)

Two days a:Jo I umtt to tlth fi!:muy wltue., I saw two WOuteI-'U wi.f:h. a., Lot of used CD (fUll" F) toys arowtd ~. At pst I flwtd it straJ1je., tIw.i: JroWf1rupi (2) (fUll" H) wen pfayUtj wittv toys but I rea.,/ised tluy we.n ~ a., ~ @ (fUll" j). Half aJt, hour Wer I saw they were., ift,

fact ~ @) (fUll" F) a., 1ttI..twt.ty Sc.eltb. TIth cJ.r.iid ® (fUll" B) jMUS

Iw.d a., pwtk h.a.irstyih ® (fUll" I) a..J.tti MtUJ was a., Ciltdy dd.L! Her It.usba..J.tti (j) (fUll" B)) j 0 sepf.v was a.,

Km toy a..J.tti tlth three, Wue., Mm were., Maders of tIt.& Ultive.rse., toys! AftjeM (Barbw,.') were., ~Utj above., t~ ® (fUll" B) a..J.tti a., Lot of toy ~ were., arowtd ~ It was r&Uly ~ ® (fUll" (])! 1ft, tlth ~ I toLd my M~ about tIt.& Scelth. slth tlWtks it u ~ ® (fUll" D) a..J.tti petJpk should fMY ~ @ (fUll" I) to Cwi1tialti.ty. A~wa.f" it u r&Uly cmy e.,xtrMrdituuy © (fUll" (]). Couw a..J.tti see, it.

Love.,

so~

P.I.: UttjortUJ.U1.i:e!y yo~ wil.L IWt be., abih to see, it. IIw .. .vejust f.veard tIw.i: tIt.& dUpfay Iuu bUft,/orbi.tJ.del..v © (fUll" c). I'Udrawit for yo"0 O.K.?

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Task Compare Sophie's drawing with paragraph B of the article and find the 3 differences. Write them in the spaces below.

1 ............................................................................................................................................................. .

2 ............................................................................................................................................................. .

3 ............................................................................................................................................................. .

Task In Column A you can find words from the text. Fill the gaps in Column B with the correct form of each word.

Column A Column B

1. COUNCILLOR The local ................................... is in charge of repairing roads.

2. TO COMPLAIN It is a common ................................... that children lack discipline.

3. TO BAN There was no ................................... on smoking cigarettes.

4. VALUE They could give ................................... help and practical advice.

5. TO EXPAND He studies the ................................... of gases.

6. TO GAIN One man's loss is another man's .................................. .

7. AUTHORITY I have ................................... him to act for me while I am away.

8. EXHIBITION The young painter has ................................... his work in several galleries.

9. TO APPRECIATE Please accept this gift in .............................. of all you have done for us.

10. TO SPEAK He made a very boring after-dinner .................................. .

Grammar reminder - May • Might • Should • Would

Task Study the following simplified sentences from the text. Use may, might, should or would in the sentences below.

II feel it may 17e offensive to some people ... 1 (par D) ISome of the values associated with the toys might l10t be ones we would wallt to ellCOllrtlge. 1 (/hi( E) Due reverel1ce should be paid to Chris(s child ... (par J) It was quite a modern exhibition al1d some might appreciate it but other people might be otfel1ded. I (f1ar J)

1. She .................... rather earn less money than spend extra time at work.

2. He said that you .................... make five copies.

3 ..................... we camp in your field, please?' 'Of course, you .................... but you mustn't light

open fires.'

4. If you believed their excuses, you .................... be a fool.

5. She .................... have caught the early train. If so, she'll be here at any moment now.

6 ..................... anyone ask for me, please say that I'll be back in an hour.

7 ..................... you make some tea, please?

8. For the little extra it'll cost, we .................... just as well stay for another night.

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Follow-up activities

1. a) Discuss in pairs or in small groups what you think about the display and how people reacted to it.

b) Hold an open council meeting about banning or allowing the display. Use the information in the article but you can also invent details. Possible roles:

• Representative of the library • Vicar • Leader of county council • Representative of parents • The artist(s) • Other

2. a) Write a letter of complaint to the local council against the display, which you heard would be on display in a few days' time. Give your reasons for rejecting the idea of a display of this kind. (100-150 words)

b) Write a letter to the local newspaper in defence of the display and protest against banning it. Give your reasons why it should not have been banned. (100-150 words)

c) Write a composition describing what you think about banning pieces of art referring to the particular case of the nativity scene. (150-200 words)

d) Reply to Sophie's letter in Task 14. Give your opinion on what she wrote about. Describe an exhibition/display/performance you have recently seen and liked/ disliked very much. (150-200 words)

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UNIT 14 Europe votes to ban tobacco adverts

Before you read

Task Discuss the following questions in pairs or in small groups.

1. What do you know about the history of smoking? 2. How does nicotine affect the human body (heart, lung, brains, skin, voice, fertility, tasting)? 3. How does smoking affect non-smokers? 4. Why do many young people start smoking? 5. Why is it difficult to give up smoking? 6. List the methods/techniques how people may try to quit smoking. 7. What advice could you give to people who would like to quit smoking?

Task Check if you understand what the following expressions mean before you read the text.

(v) rorbidi order IlOt to do sth

reiterate

~()t--~

blatantly

110

(v) say agaill several times

directive

(adv) obviously and without caring

abstain

(II) c7 period or time esp. or a (ormal agreemellt

(v) retllse to take part

(/1) order wlzich gives genertll or detailed illStructiolls

subsidize (v) to give money to an

industry which needs help

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Read the text

Europe votes to ban tobacco adverts By Toby Heimt EU correspondent in Brussels

EUROPE's health ministers voted last night to ban tobacco advertising throughout the EU after agreeing that Formula One motor racing could be exempted for eight years.

Under the deal, reached after a day of frantic negotiations in Brussels, newspapers and mag­azines will be allowed to continue advertising tobacco products for the next four years.

Tessa Jowell, the public health minister, described the outcome as a "very good deal for public health". She said:" We have got the pro­tection we are seeking and the flexibility for Formula One and we are delighted."

Padraig Flynn, the E U commissioner for social affairs, described it as a huge day for the health of the European Community.

After 12 hours of talk, the 15 ministers agreed the package allowing countries three years to implement a general ban on tobacco advertising, after the law comes into effect next year.

Newspapers will be allowed a further year before they have to end advertising.

Sponsorship of sporting and other events can continue for two more years, giving them a five-year exemption.

Formula One benefits from an additional clause giving events organised" at world level" a further three-year period of grace.

Ms Jowell had made an initial bid for Formula one to be exempted for 10 years. (00 .).

Under the terms of the directive, tobacco advertising will be allowed only at the point of sale of specialist magazines.

Germany and Austria were the only two countries to vote against the ban. Denmark and Spain abstained.

Spain had earlier thrown the complex arith­metic of voting into chaos by withdrawing support for the move and announcing it would abstain. EC officials said this would wreck the deal.

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During angry scenes at the Council of Ministers building, Germany, Europe's largest cigarette producer, was being accused of back­stage deals with Madrid.

One theory was that Spain was offered guarantees by Bonn that it would not push for reductions in the huge sums of EU aid to Spain during negotiations on expansions of the community in return for Madrid's last minute switch.

The move by Spain meant that unless Britain and Greece - which was also threaten­ing to vote against - could be won round, the directive would fall.

In order to win Greece's support, the Luxembourg presidency agreed to ease pro­posed restrictions on advertising in front of shops that sell tobacco products.

The German health mInlster, Horst Seehofer, reiterated Bonn's opposition to the proposed ban, which he said was "blatantly contradictory", with the EU's payment of more than a billion dollars a year to subsidise tobacco production. ( ... )

Ms Jowell had argued that unless Formula One was given a lengthy period to find non­tobacco sponsorship, the sport would simply move to Asia with the loss of thousands of jobs in Britain and other EU states.

Luxembourg also revised a section of the directive designed to prevent companies mar­keting cigarettes and other products, such as clothes, drinks or perfumes, under the same name.

The move aimed to prevent other com­panies following the lead of Marlboro and Camel, which have established clothes lines in order to promote their cigarettes.

(Daily Telegraph)

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Check your understanding

Task Indicate in the chart how each country voted on the issue of banning tobacco advertising. Complete the chart using information from the text.

Country

Austria

Britain

Denmark

Germany

Greece

Luxembourg

Spain

Voted yes Didn't vote

Task Complete the following sentences with a figure from the text.

Voted no

1. There is/are ............. year(s) until the law on tobacco advertising comes into force.

2. Member countries will have ............. year(s) to implement the ban.

3. Magazines and newspapers will have to stop advertising cigarettes in ............. years' time.

4. Advertising at sports events will be allowed for ............. year(s) after the general ban is intro-duced.

5. World events will be exempted for ............. year(s).

Task Answer the following questions in no more than eight words.

1. Why was it important to give an exemption to Formula One?

2. Where will they allow tobacco advertising after the full force of the law comes into effect?

3. What caused uncertainty at the end of the negotiations?

4. Why does Germany oppose the ban?

5. What might have made Spain change its opinion at the last minute?

6. How did they try to influence Greece's opinion/decision?

7. What does the German Health Minister think about the ban?

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8. Why was it important to keep Formula One in Europe?

9. How can tobacco companies promote their brands without advertising cigarettes?

Vocabulary development

Task Fill in the chart with the correct forms of the given words from the text.

Verb

advertise

propose

reVise

prevent

promote

Noun(s) Noun (person) Adjective

negotiation

protection

additional

initial

restriction

presidency

expansIOn

Task Fill the gaps in the following sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.

expansion • initiative • negotiation • presidency • promote • propose • protection • restriction • revise

1. There will be a ......................... election in the US next year.

2. Driving is ......................... to 130 km an hour on the highway in Hungary.

3. The ......................... on cutting marketing costs has been rejected.

4. To get the job you must be motivated and must show ......................... .

5. No compensation will be paid unless they wore ......................... clothes.

6. If you are expected to ......................... with people from South America, it is highly advisable to learn about their culture.

7. The company has ......................... its trading activities into the neighbouring countries.

8. Several ......................... had to be made to the plan.

9. In Japan ......................... is related to seniority.

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Task Match the words in Column A with the definitions in Column B by writing 1-9 in the boxes provided. Some words have more than one meaning. One is done for you.

Column A Column B

1. outbreak D a) the outer areas of a town

2. outcome D b) person visiting a hospital for treatment but not living there

3. outfit D c) set of clothing or equipment used for a special purpose

4. outskirts [I] 5. outlet D 6. outline D 7. outlook D 8. outpatient D 9. output D

D D D D

d) effect or result

e) sudden and violent breaking out

f) a way out, e. g. for water

g) quantity of goods produced

h) line which shows shape

i) what seems likely to happen

j) a shop

k) view on which one looks out

1) the information produced from a computer

m) the main points, e. g. for an essay or lecture

Task Use the following linking expressions to combine the half-sentences in Columns A and B. The sentences are jumbled.

ColumnA

1. Nicotine is an addictive poison

2. Tobacco smoke is packed with poi­sons

3. These diseases are not always fatal

4. Carbon monoxide is released

5. Smokers are more likely to die

6. Sidestream smoke also contains harmful substances

7. You will enjoy food much more

8. You should stop smoking immedi­ately

Column B

WHICH a) you can reduce the risk of heart disease.

THAT b) they can affect the quality of your life.

BUT

WHEN

BEFORE

AS

c) it is not filtered.

d) you can really taste again.

e) makes the heart beat faster.

f) tobacco burns.

BECAUSE g) they retire.

h) can damage the heart and blood ves-SO THAT sels.

Task Fill the gaps with the words in the box below. You may have to use the same word more than once.

against • at • for • from • into • of • on • with

1. The ban ............ advertising will not come ............ force this year.

2. Padraig Flynn agrees ............ the public health minister that it was a good deal.

3. Sporting events will be exempt ............ a few more years.

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4. Advertising will be allowed ............ the point of sale only.

5. Some countries voted ............ the ban for economic reasons.

6. Germany has been accused ............ concluding a private deal with Spain.

7. The ban is contradictory ............ some other EU decisions.

8. Formula One can benefit ............ the flexibility of the package.

Grammar reminder - Infinitive and -in9 structures • Conditional

Task Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with the appropriate form of the verbs given. You will have to use either the infinitive or the -in9 form of the verbs.

1. Newspapers and magazines can continue ........................... tobacco products for a few more years. (PROMOTE)

2. Luxembourg agreed ........................... restrictions on advertising. (EASE)

3. The agreement will allow tobacco companies ........................... their products at Formula One. (ADVERTISE)

4. They want to prevent companies ........................... clothing products under the brand names of cigarettes. (LAUNCH)

5. Germany and Austria decided ........................... no to the ban. (SAY)

6. Luxembourg's proposal aimed ........................... Greece's support. (WIN)

7. When the law comes into full force, it will allow ........................... only at the point of sale. (ADVERTISE)

8. Germany was accused of ........................... a backstage deal with Spain. (MAKE)

9. Many people think they should end ........................... alcoholic drinks as well. (ADVERTISE)

10. Some countries were threatening ........................... against the ban at the very last minute. (VOTE)

Task Choose the best alternative a-c) to complete the sentences below.

1. Unless Britain and Greece could be won round, the directive ............... fall. a) would b) will c) should

2. If Formula One .................... given enough time to find sponsorship, the sport would move to Asia.

a) wouldn't be b) wasn't c) hadn't been

3. If Greece .................... against the proposal, the deal could have been wrecked. a) voted b) had voted

i c) would vote

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4. If car racing moves to Asia, Britain .................... many jobs. a) loses b) will lose c) would lose

5. Many people wish they .................... smoking. a) had never started b) could never start c) never started

6. If his wife hadn't supported him, he .................... smoking. a) couldn't have given up b) wouldn't be able to give up c) wouldn't have been able to give up

7. Some people think fewer young people ................... if cigarettes were more expensive. a) would smoke b) smoked c) can smoke

8. [wish anti-smoking campaigns .................... more successful. a) would be h) were c) can be

Follow-up activities ;~ \." 1. Give your opinion about the following statements. Work in small groups.

a) Children are more likely to smoke if their parents do. b) Nicotine is addictive like alcohol or drugs. c) Civing up smoking is a matter of will-power. d) Advertising is often unethical because it tries to manipulate people.

2. Write a paragraph of approximately 120-150 words for the Readers' Page of your daily paper. Tell them if you agree or disagree with the opinion below. Give your reasons.

Det1.Y .................................. .

Irv yuterdAys-paper you." 1uoted ~ rtar~ of~ pokM~

of tV tob~ cot11fMY wIw raid to ~ r~rter: "If you." btU{, tob~ advertuUtj, you." dwuld

btU{, advertuUtj cJwcoW~ a.JUi rweei:r or ako/w~ driftk£ tU weft. Tluy aY~ aUo bad for

Ite..:Uttv. "

I tltiltk ...

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3. Look at the advertisement below. Discuss in pairs or in small groups what it suggests and if you find it effective.

4. Find an advertisement in a magazine. Discuss the following questions in small groups.

• What product does it advertise c What information can you find in the advertisement ahout the product(~

• Who/What target group is the advertisement aimed at~ • How does the advertiser try to promote sales in this advertisement? • Do you find it effectivec

• How can you improve the advertisement?

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KEYS

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UNIT 1 Swissair Intensifies Unicef Commitment

Task 1 1c • 2a • 3d • 4b

Task 3 1c • 2b • 3a

Task 4 1. Swissair • 2. collections· 3. idea • 4. passenger • 5. passenger • 6. change • 7. envelopes • 8. envelopes

Task 5 1. noun· 2. noun • 3. noun • 4. verb • 5. noun • 6. verb • 7. verb • 8. verb • 9. noun • 10. verb

Task 6 1. support· 2. campaign· 3. place • 4. experience· 5. change • 6. land • 7. hands • Not used: return, trip

Task 7 1. intensive· 2. commit· 3. expansion· 4. flying· 5. collection • 6. contribution • 7. improvement • 8. content

Task 8 1. over· 2. be carried out/take place· 3. approximately· 4. coins • 5. amount· 6. hand • 7. flight at­tendant • 8. entire • 9. turned over· 10. worldwide

Task 9 1. As of • 2. within the framework • 3. The idea behind • 4. instead of • 5. For this purpose· 6. Thanks to

Task 10 1. The professor was hit by three snowballs. 2. These bottles cannot be opened easily by children. 3. His oral exam was being discussed right in front of him by his teachers. 4. A love letter had been slipped under the door. 5. The fines will be collected on Tuesday 6. All the homemade cookies have been eaten by my son. 7. Pat is being interviewed at the moment. 8. That door mustn't be used by customers. 9. A road was built right outside her front door by the government.

10. His birthday will be celebrated on Saturday

UNIT 2 Boxers teach bullied pupils to hit back

Task 2

Water Athletic sports Team

sports sports Winter Fighting sports Country sports sports

diving high-jump basketball ice-hockey aikido fishing rowing long-jump football skating boxing golf sailing horse-riding handball skiing judo horse-riding surfing running ice-hockey karate hunting

'<wimming throwing the volleyball wrestling shooting water-polu iavelin water-polo

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Task 3 1. boxing coach/social worker • 2. social worker/boxing coach • 3. boxing club· 4. females/girls/ women • 5. have been bullied/are being bullied • 6. defend • 7. their self-confidence/self-esteem • 8. hates • 9. given/taught • 10. rules • 11. into shape • 12. their heads high

Task 4 1. Women-Only boxing club • 2. youngsters • 3. (bullied) kids • 4. son of a primary-school teacher • 5. primary-school teacher • 6. primary-school teacher's daughter • 7. son of a primary-school teacher • 8. kids

Task 5 1. female • 2. confidence • 3. sparring • 4. handle· 5. subsequently • 6. work out • 7. don· 8. boost

Task 6 1. advocate of • 2. boost • 3. surrounding • 4. subsequently • 5. desire· 6. balance • 7. inflicting

Task 7 1. defence· 2. equipment • 3. movement • 4. judge • 5. impression· 6. society • 7. pressure· 8. enJoyable

Task 8 1. away • 2. off • 3. on • 4. over • 5. round • 6. through • 7. after • 8. in • 9. off • 10. off • 11. over • 12. up • 13. up • 14. to

Task 9 1. take • 2. get • 3. taken • 4. taken • 5. took· 6. get· 7. takes • 8. get • 9. take • 10. getting • 11. take· 12. getting· 13. got

Task 10 I. by • 2. to • 3. back· 4. ~ • 5. up/~ • 6. out • 7. on • 8. up • 9 into

Task 11 1. All the neighbours can hear him sing opera arias in the bathroom. 2. Nobody saw the car crash into the wall. 3. I saw them walk/walking hand in hand. 4. We could hear them quarrel/quarrelling last night. 5. Her parents didn't notice her come home.

Task 12 1. This is believed to be the best solution. 2. He is thought to earn a fortune in his new position. 3 He is considered to be a good maths teacher. 4. Top managers are thought to have a comfortable life. 5. He is thought to have died at the front. 6. Maths and physics are considered to be difficult subjects. 7. Peter was believed to have stolen the bicycle.

Task 13 1. to defend • 2. to tell • 3. quitting ... moving • 4. wrestling • 5. to drink • 6. bullying· 7. to join • 8. to play • 9. turning • 10. dancing • 11. to enter • 12. smoking • 13. to say • 14. talking

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Task 1

Mammals

bear dolphin donkey

antelope mouse

lion fox

giraffe sheep

guinea-pig

Task 3

Reptiles

lizard snake

crocodile turtle

UNIT 3 Good Eggs

Birds

turkey swallow

duck parrot eagle

sparrow

Fish

salmon carp

1. F • 2. T • 3. F • 4. T • 5. F • 6. T • 7. F

Task 4 1. The skin of a dino embryo. 2. a) How they developed.

b) Their behaviour. 3. A set of embryos representing development.

Insects

mosquito butterfly

4. It's not threatened by development/poachers. / It has been made a reserve. 5. Development or poachers may destroy it. / The place may be destroyed.

Task 5

Mollusks

snail octopus

1. fossil • 2. flood plain • 3. skeleton • 4. exquisitely • 5. specimen· 6. clue· 7. hatch· 8. fend for oneself • 9. poacher • 10. paleontologist

Task 6 1 b • 2a • 3a • 4a • 5b • 6a

Task 7 1. dubbed • 2. deposits • 3. stage· 4. relatives· 5. recover· 6. reserve • 7. stage • 8. deposit • 9. relative • 10. recovered • 11. dubbed • 12. reserve

Task 8

Expression in the text

1. announced

2. preserved

3. excites

4. scientists

5. construct

6. representing

Verb

announce

preserve

excite

construct

Noun Adjective

announcer, announcement

preserve, preservation

excitement, excitedness excited, exciting

science, scientist scientific

constructor, construction constructive

representative, representation representative

7. threatened

represent

threaten threat threatening, threatened

8. established establish establishment

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3

4

Task 9 1. announcer • 2. preserve • 3. excitement • 4. scientific • 5. construction • 6. representatives • 7. threatening • S. establishment

Task 11 1. The discovery anno/inced last week caused a great excitement in the world. 2. The eggs deposited along a f700d plain were found by an international expedition. 3. The fossils recovered alollg a flood Flaln 111 Argel1llna are 70 to 90 million years old. 4. The site d/ibbed Auca /\;]ahuel'o is situated near to a river in Argentina. 5. The embryo skin found III Argentina will help scientists understand how dinosaurs changed as they grew. 6. The rccoI'ered specimens may enable scientists to construct a complete "ontological series". 7. There are many fossil beds threatened by development and poachers in the world. S. The new/v est?l/Jlished dinosaur reserve will attract both scientists and tourists in the future.

UNIT4 Drunken wife's smash with police

Task 2

Task 3 19 • 2c • 31 • 4k • 5e • 6j • 7f • Sa • 9h • lOb • IIi • 12d

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1

Task 4

Text 1 Text 2 Both Neither

1. What is Ms Forbes' job? ,/ charity worker/fund

raiser

2. Which road was Ms Forbes ,/ Al driving on?

3. How fast was she driving before the accident?

4. How fast was the police car ,/ 100 mph driving before the accident?

5. Where was the police car ,/ to an accident going to before the accident?

6. Was Ms Forbes hurt in the accident?

7. Was anyone in the police car ,/ the driver hurt in the accident?

8. How many times did she go ,/ three around the roundabout?

9. Where had she drunk the two ,/ a charity night/ bottles of wine? a party/Sowerby

10. What did Ms Forbes tell her husband at the party?

11. How far does Ms Forbes live ,/5 miles from 1. the place of the party?

12. Had she recently caused oth- ,/ No (clean er car accidents? driving record)

Task 5 1. heading for· 2. drink-drive limit • 3. traffic sign· 4. depression· 5. disqualified

Task 6

1. (par A) 2. (pm B) 3. (title at Text 2) 4. (par F) 5. (pm L) 6. (par M) 7. (pm AI)

Task 7

Column A smashed in to crashed into hit struck was clipped hit crashing into

Column B a drunk woman & a police car she & a road sign wrong-way driver & police car a woman & a police car her Ford Escort & a police Volvo estate the police car & the central crash barrier Forbes & a traffic sign

1. excess • 2. injury· 3. charity· 4. scene • 5. court • 6. accident • 7. report· 8. community service • 9. limit • 10. probation • 11. jail • 12. injury

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Task 8 1. attended • 2. received • 3. suffer • 4. pleaded • 5. accept • 6. banned • 7. hear • 8. expect • 9. put· 10. arrested • 11. ordered • 12. defended • 13. headed • 14. spin

Task 9

Traffic --------.,--------- Law

Road Car

northbound police car carnageway tyre

road sign driver dual

carnageway traffic sign

central crash barrier

roundabout

Task 10

Accident Person

injury judge crash scene smash

spin around hit

struck clipped

Traffic law

blood alcohol limit driving record

drink-drive limit dangerous driving

excess alcohol

Decision Place

arrest court ban jail

probation disqualify

community serVIce

1. at • 2. in • 3. for • 4. in • 5. away· 6. towards· 7. up/along • 8. into • 9. near • 10. to • 11. at • 12. over • 13. around • 14. along/up • 15. on • 16. around • 17. into • 18. over • 19. in • 20. from

Task 11 1 i • 2f • 3b • 4h • 5a • 6c • 7 d • 8e • 9g

Task 12 1. carry ... through· 2. set off • 3. ended off • 4. setting ... against· 5. carried off • 6. set up • 7. end up • 8. Carryon • 9. ended in

Task 13

Simple Past

drove, struck, carried on, went, crashed, drank

Task 14

Past Continuous Past Perfect

was travelling, was suffering had attended, had expected

1. was • 2. was falling • 3. was sitting • 4. was feeling • 5. had just heard • 6. had won • 7. was thinking • 8. pulled

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UNIT 5 Butt seriously this is worth £ 1,500

Task 3 1. NS • 2. F • 3. T • 4. NS • 5. F • 6. T • 7. T • 8. T

Task 4 (suggested answers) 1. An auction house. 2. They were rubbish. 3. Evian mineral water. 4. A (Winston) cigarette 5. Two cushion covers. 6. Less than £2,500.

Task 5 1 a • 2h • 3e • 41 • 5k • 6c • 71 • 8f • 9d • 109 • 11 b • 12i

Task 6 1. butt/cigarette end • 2. hat/boater • 3. glasses/spectacles • 4. mat/rug • 5. sign/autograph • 6. sell for/go for/make/fetch

Task 7 1. adorned • 2. demand· 3. Customers· 4. straw boater • 5. item· 6. fist· 7. cushions • 8. respected· 9. eager· 10. mat

Task 8 1. to • 2. in • 3. for • 4. to • 5. on • 6. in • 7. to/for· 8. with • 9. on • 10. up • 11. for • 12. under

Task 9 1. Memorabilia offered for sale by two former housekeepers was branded "discarded rubbish" by the

smger. 2. This gnarled-looking Winston was snatched by the boxer now known as Muhammad Ali from the

mouth of boxing historian Hank Kaplan ... 3 ... ' a pair of the boxer's old training wraps (used to protect his fists) were snapped up for £400 .. 4. This black lacquered Chinese-style box was used by Hendrix to stash his drugs ... 5 ... , a pair of Lennon's spectacles - was recently sold by Bonhams for £2,070.

Task 10 1. was smoked by John Lennon. 2. was signed by the Beatles. 3. were offered for sale by the housekeepers 4. is/was adorned by a trace of lipstick 5. was worn by Madonna on a tour in 1987 6. were made by Burdon's wife 7. was filled in and signed by Lennon

Task 11 1. When my aunt died all her paintings were sold at an auction. 2. $79 million was paid for a Renoir at Chrisite·s. 3. The old photos and letters have never been recovered. 4. A lot of nice furniture can still be found in English country houses. 5. Very few masterpieces are sold at auction houses these days. 6. Two cushion covers were made for Hendrix by Eric Burdon's wife. 7. Most of the carpets and rugs are woven by young children in some countries. 8. A lot of tests have been done to find out if it is really as old as they say. 9. The auctioneer says he is not sure that all the items will be bought.

10. The house must be offered for sale if we want to pay all our debts. 11. The walls should be painted before you move in.

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Follow-up 1 A painting by Van Gogh - $82 million A tin replica of the 1966 World Cup - £254,500 A stale slice of the Duke of Windsor's wedding cake - £16,500 Dr Crippen's watch - £10,300 The footballer Eric Cantona's strip - £2,185

UNIT 6 Dentist's painful way to extract payment

Task 2 Id • 2c • 3g • 4f • 5b • 6a • 7e

Task 3 la • 2c • 3c • 4b • 5a • 6c • 7b • 8c

Task 4 1. breach ... confidentiality • 2. charge patients • 3. received treatment • 4. keep .. appointments • 5. clear ... debts • 6. provide ... incentive

6 Task 5 1. publish • 2. displaying· 3. collection agency· 4. pay up • 5. chance • 6. declined • 7. objection

Task 6 1. movement, imprisonment • 2. actor, sailor • 3. action, creation, exhibition· 4. royalist, novelist, biol­ogist, exhibitionist • 5. royalty, certainty • 6. bankruptcy, infancy • 7. patience, tolerance

Task 7 1. up • 2. off • 3. off • 4. up • 5. out • 6. back • 7. out· 8. over

Task 8 1. fall • 2. write • 3. hit • 4. paid· 5. hit • 6. written • 7. paid • 8. fell

Task 9 1. in • 2. for • 3. on • 4. out • 5. at • 6. back • 7. with • 8. after/for· 9. out • 10. off • 11. for • 12. of • 13. for • 14. for • 15. for/of • 16. across· 17. to • 18. through

Task 10 1f • 2g • 3a • 4h • 5d • 6c • 7b • 8e

Task 11 Health: painful, to extract, dentist, patient, surgery, dental treatment, health watchdog, patient confiden­tiality, waiting room, tooth, to receive treatment, dental profession, hypnosis technique, to relax, injec­tion, appointment, dental practice, to practise Payment: pay up, debt, warning letter, debt collector, to clear debts, debtor, collection agency, balance, to write off, to charge, to cost, bill, financially

Task 12 1. Why don't you get Nicole to come to the party'-2. I couldn't get the car to start this morning. 3. He got his sister to help him with his homework. 4. You will never get him to understand. 5. Could you get your parents to buy you a horse for Christmas? 6. We will get some friends to look after our dog while we are away.

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Task 13 1. I have my windows washed every month. 2. They had the man arrested. 3. That tooth is giving you a lot of trouble; you should have it extracted. 4. They couldn't find a house to suit them so they will have a new one built. 5. I am having my shoes repaired. 6. If you hate cleaning fish why don't you have them cleaned in the shop?

UNIT 7 Quick gun check system crawls to a start

Task 2

1 b • 2a • 3b • 4a • 5a • 6a

Task 3 1e/h • 2h/e • 3b • 4j • 5d • 6a • 71 • Bc • 9f • 10i • 11g • 12k

Task 4 1. crawl· 2. supposed to • 3. check· 4. licensed gun dealer • 5. disqualification· 6. felony· 7. convic­tion • B. domestic • 9. abuse • 10. purchase • 11. hunting • 12. rifle

Task 5 1a • 2a • 3b • 4a • 5b • 6b • 7a

Task 6

Verb

nationalise

reduce

lose

deal

manage

complain

own

supply

design

reason

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Noun

nation

reduction

crime criminal

loss loser

nerve

dealer

manager management

complaint complainant

owner ownership

supply supplier

design designer

reason

Adjective

national

criminal

lost

nervous

managerial

reasonable

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8

replace replacement

approve approval

deny denial

record record recorder

recording

Task 7 1. nationalised • 2. reductions • 3. Crime • 4. lose· 5. nervous • 6. complaint· 7. ownership· 8. suppliers • 9. replacement • 10. approval • 11. denial· 12. recorder

Task 8 1. noun • 2. noun· 3. noun • 4. verb • 5. noun • 6. verb· 7. noun· 8. noun· 9. noun· 10. verb· 11. verb • 12. noun

Task 9 1. supplying· 2. purchased • 3. reasoning· 4. check • 5. move • 6. design 7. abuse • 8. lined • 9. range· 10. file

Task 11 If • 2g • 3a • 4h • 5b • 6c • 7 d • 8i • ge • 1 Ok • 11 j

Task 12 1. unemployed people· 2. written examination • ?\. lost property • 4. ageing society· 5. broken mar­riages • 6. waiting list • 7. well-paid job • 8. hiding place • 9. feeding bottle • 10. running water • 11. split personality

UNIT 8 Thefts are a bad sign for tourists

Task 2 A) Cycling· B) music • C) shopping • D) Walking • E) food· F) pubs· G) literature

Task 3 1. T • 2. F • 3. NS • 4. T • 5. F • 6. F • 7. NS • 8. NS • 9. T • 10. T

Task 4 1. countryside • 2. overseas • 3. roadside· 4. outbreak • 5. crossroads • 6. placename • 7. headache· 8. endless

Task 5 1. pub· 2. county • 3. area • 4. problem

Task 6 1. named • 2. sign • 3. lacking· 4. sensed • 5. costs • 6. trouble • 7. cause • 8. targeted

Task 7 1. irons ... iron • 2. interior ... interior • 3. official ... official· 4. local ... locals· 5. quiet ... quiet

Task 8 1. wander • 2. vogue • 3. quaint • 4. obscure • 5. destination • 6. major· 7. authority • 8. spokesman • 9. environment • 10. fraught • 11. prime • 12. light-fingered • 13. area • 14. trouble

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Task 9

Verb Noun Noun (person) Adjective

steal, thieve theft thief stealing, stolen

attract attraction attractive

decorate decoration decorator decorative

create creation creator, creature creative

grow growth grower groWing, grown

confirm confirmation confirmed

complain complaint complainant complaining

visit visit visitor visiting, visited

suspect suspicion suspect suspicious

shorten shortage short

1. shorten· 2. complain • 3. confirmed· 4. creative • 5. thief .. thief • 6. decorator • 7. grow • 8. suspect

Task 10 1. Placenames • 2. trouble • 3. overseas· 4. unusual • 5. endless • 6. countryside • 7. suspect • 8. head­ache • 9. destination • 10. road sign • 11. obscure/quaint/ 12. quaint/obscure • 13. fraught • 14. road sign • 15. sense of direction· 16. baffled • 17. roadside • 18. pub • 19. local • 20. shortages

Task 12 1. haven't gone· 2. died • 3. have borrowed· 4. was • 5. haven't had • 6. have just come • 7. was· 8. feel/felt

UNIT 9 Tales of the unexpected

Task 3 1. F • 2. T • 3. F • 4. NS • 5. T • 6. F • 7. T • 8. T

Task 4 1. Being anaemic 2. Missing of periods (irregular periods) 3. Eating more than usual (Stuffing your face.) 4. Weight gain 5. Nausea/feeling queasy 6. Throwing up 7. Odd stomach flutter 8. Size of breasts

Task 5 1. Helen Essex • 2. the women who've been pregnant • 3. the women who've been pregnant· 4. preg­nancy • 5. stomach cramps • 6. stuffing my face • 7. stomach flutter • 8. such a case

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Task 6 1. wasn't aware/didn't know • 2. degree • 3. quarters· 4. graduated • 5. stomach cramps· 6. increasing· 7. finals • 8. queasy • 9. concealed • 10. rare

Task 7 lc • 2a • 3b • 4c • 5a

Task 8 1. expectancy • 2. aware • 3. sceptical • 4. resignation • 5. graduation • 6. complaints • 7. suspect • 8. expertise

Task 9 1. of • 2. to • 3. from • 4. off • 5. of • 6. to • 7. on

Task 10 1. put a few people up/put up a few people • 2. put out the fire/put the fire out • 3. put off/put the interviews off • 4. throw her off • 5. threw himself into work • 6. put her sickness down to drinking too much· 7. puts out/puts 3,000 bicycles out • 8. threw away (all the opportunities) • 9. put aside/put some of your salary aside • 10. putting hard work into improving • 11. put me out

Task 11 1. refuse • 2. have never heard • 3. felt • 4. eat • 5. had been • 6. graduated/had graduated - started • 7. will like • 8. have just decided • 9. will get • 10. had never been

Task 12 Ib • 2c • 3c • 4b • 5a • 6b • 7c • 8b • 9a • lOc

UNIT 10 Concern over the office cyberjunkies who OD on IT

Task 3 Main topic: d • Mentioned: b, c, e • Not mentioned: a, f

Task 4 1 c • 2g • 3a • .d • 5i. f • 6j • 71 • 8e • 9b, h, k

Task 5 1 b • 2c • 3c • 4a • 5b • 6a

Task 6 1. verb • 2. verb • 3. noun • 4. noun • 5. noun • 6. verb • 7. verb • 8. noun· 9. noun • 10. noun • 11. noun 12. noun

Task 7 1. show • 2. stay • 3. use • 4. mail· 5. costs • 6. surveyed • 7. feared/fears • 8. works • 9. changed

Task 8

Verb Noun

addiction

believe belief

obsess obsession

satisfy satisfaction

132

Noun (person)

addict

believer

obsessive

Adjective(s)

addictive/ addicted

believable/believing

obsessed

satisfactory/satisfying! satisfied

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suffer

lecture

compete

press/ pressurize

gamble

Task 9

suffering

lecture/lectureship

competition

pressure

gambling

guilt/guiltiness

sufferer

lecturer

competitor

gambler

suffering

lecturing

competitive

pressing! pressed/ pressurized

gambling

guilty

1. believer • 2. Press • 3. satisfy • 4. lectures • 5. guilt • 6. addictive • 7. compete • 8. sufferers • 9. obsession • 10. gambling

Task 10 1. encountered • 2. crave • 3. detriment • 4. overdose • 5. neglects • 6. avoid • 7. strives

Task 11 1. back • 2. on • 3. up • 4. down/back • 5. in • 6. off

Task 12 1. cut· 2. Keep • 3. cut • 4. cut • 5. keep • 6. keep

Task 13 1. to • 2. out • 3. to • 4. with • 5. to • 6. for • 7. In • 8. with • 9. in • 10. at • 11. of • 12. at

Task 14 1. workaholic· 2. chocoholic • 3. shopaholic • 4. dataholic • 5. diesel-holic • 6. football-holic

Task 15 1. I am buying paint to paint my hall door. 2. They got up very early to get to the top of the hill before sunrise. 3. He opened the lions' cage to feed the lions. 4. She put a scarecrow up in the field to frighten the birds. 5. The workmen left red lights near the hole to warn motorists. 6. We had no cups but he gave us coconut shells to drink out of.

Task 16 1. I couldn't make my car start this morning. 2. Nothing will make me change my mind. 3. Onions make your eyes water. 4. Just seeing his face is enough to make me laugh. 5. The photograph makes me look about eighty. 6. I rang the doorbell several times but couldn't make anyone hear.

UNIT 11 The Life Doctor

Task 1 1. she • 2. him • 3. I • 4. her • 5. he • 6. his • 7. they • 8. him • 9. My • 10. them • 11. their • 12. themselves

Task 2 1. Edith • 2. Shirley (or Anon.) • 3. Anon. (or Shirley) • 4. Roger • 5. Jennifer • 6. Penny

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Task 4 1. F • 2. NS • 3. F • 4. NS • 5. T • 6. F • 7. T • 8. T

Task 5 1. S • 2. M • 3. A (or B) • 4. S • 5. B • 6. F • 7. S

Task 6 1. strange • 2. worried • 3. determined • 4. surprised

Task 7 Ic • 2e • 3a • 4f • 5h • 6b • 7d • 8g

Task 8 1 b • 2a • 3c

Task 9 1. a talent· 2. to throw a fit· 3. tearful • 4. before • 5. to put the phone down • 6. to take his side

Task 10 1. amazed at • 2. thrown by 3. scared of • 4. tempted by • 5. indulged by • 6. upset by

Task 11 1. thrown by • 2. scared of • 3. amazed at • 4. tempted by • 5. upset by • 6. indulged by

Task 12 1. tested • 2. stifle· 3. avoid· 4. treat· 5. noticed • 6. missed • 7. upset • 8. rebelled

Task 13 1. up • 2. round • 3. down on • 4. about· 5. off • 6. round • 7. up • 8. with

Task 14 AIIII is II 19t1Ssil'itf passive, l'eSj98llSe responsible, aitl81l8111Y' autonomous persall who decides to I'rea/:: the (amlly f1llttcrIl. Her mother has always l'cell cOllsidered a ~ musical talellt and her sister the temj9e761flte>'tt tempera­mental gellius. O'IC day Ann's sister rinf!,s [/lId tells her ill a fTHiH'- tearful I'oice that size has lost an 81'€/ltUl'd orches­tral/ol,. Size expects Alln to /Je ~ supportive /Jut Anll is very ~ thoughtless. Her sister gets 61-Hf;e+ angry alld AIIII (eels ~ powerful. Next Sundav without any explanation she misses the (amlly IUllch /Jut her mother is 1I0t Ilysteri61 hysterical.

Task 15 -al -ive -less -ful -able/ible -y -ous

Task 16

natural, normal expressive, effective childless, friendless truthful, beautiful reliable, accessible cheesy, sleepy famous, ambitious

1. from an early age· 2. but • 3. For some reason • 4. that • 5. Normally • 6. too • 7. instead of • 8. for the first time· 9. and

Task 17 1. Harry said to his wife that he was going to see his mother that evening if he could get away from the

office a little earlier. He asked her if she had any messages for his mother. 2. The taxi driver asked the other driver angrily why he didn't go and push a baby-carriage. He added he

was not fit to drive a car. 3. Charles said that if I1she (etc) really thought he had said that about me/her, he was not surprised that

I1she was angry with him. But he assured me/her that he had not.

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UNIT 12 Conversations with virtual granny

Task 1 6. Virtual reality is an environment created by computer that looks like reality to a person in it.

Task 2 1j • 2f • 3c • 4e • 5i • 6h • 7a • 8b • 9g • 10d • 11k • 121

Task 3 1. T • 2. T • 3. F • 4.F • 5. T • 6. F • 7. NS • 8. T • 9. T

Task 4 1. Animated 'life' after death. 2. a) photos • b) videos • c) tapes (recordings of one's voice) • d) written material 3. a) family gossip· b) international politics 4. Teaching computers to interact naturally. 5. A complex algorythm. 6. With computerized face tracking. 7. They want to make money.

Task 6

Verb Noun (-ment) Noun (-ion)

illteract interaction

animate animation

excite excitement

equip equipment

simulate simulation

move movement

express expressIOn

develop development

anticipate anticipation

resurrect resurrection

Task 7 1. express· 2. equipment • 3. Simulation • 4. excitement • 5. anticipate • 6. develop· 7. animation • 8. move • 9. Resurrection • 10. interact

Task 8 1. recently • 2. Sadly • 3. convincing (realistic) • 4. realistically· 5. extremely· 6. merely • 7. mere/sad • 8. realistic • 9. sad • 10. convincingly

Task 9 1. verb • 2. verb· 3. noun • 4. noun • 5. noun • 6. verb • 7. noun· 8. noun

Task 10 1. relish • 2. shake • 3. supplement • 4. face • 5. screen • 6. progress • 7. prospect • 8. gossip • 9. process

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Task 11 Ib • 2b • 3a • 4b • 5a • 6a • 7a • 8b • 9b • lOa • 11b • 12b

Task 12 1. existence • 2. respond • 3. dismissed • 4. current· 5. available • 6. effort • 7. Artificial • 8. neat • 9. essence • 10. relative • 11. mass • 12. testament

Task 13 1. beyond • 2. to • 3. back • 4. in • 5. to • 6. at • 7. with • 8. in • 9. to • 10. with

Task 15 1. The computer processes a personal testament which/that was/has been written for your electronic

afterlife. / The computer will process a personal testament (which/that) you wrote/have written for your electronic afterlife.

2. The computer will use an algorythm which/that was worked out by a team of mathematicians. 3. The computer analysed video sequences of real people who were shaking/shake hands. 4. They will use a computerized face tracking system that/which has been/was developed by Chris Taylor

from Manchester. / They will use a computerized face tracking system (which/that) Chris Taylor (has) developed.

5. New films which/that use the animation of Marilyn Monroe may hit the box office in the near future. 6. Many people are horrified by the progress (that/which) computer scientists made in recent years. /

Many people are horrified by the progress that was made by computer scientists.

Task 16 1. ... the Leeds computer will {t1l in the missing person on its screen. 2. . .. the computer will respol1d to facial expressions. 3. . .. it will be able to chat realistically. 4. . .. they would 110t pay so much to living actors. 5. . I would 110t give any money for such purposes. 6 .... there would be no research. 7 .... they (ould spel1d more on saving people's lives. 8 .... many people would have survived the tsunami in South Asia. 9 .... they would have left he seaside before the tsunami arrived.

10 .... they will develop a new marine observation system.

UNIT 13 Punk Baby Jesus and the three Masters of the Universe

Task 3 1 b • 2a • 3d • 4a

Task 4

Likes Dislikes Not stated

1. Keith Ferrin

2. Norman Warren

3. Julia Wilson

4. Derek Dolding

5. John Banner

6. Council spokesman

7. Kate Ginn (the author of the article)

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Task 5 1. infant Jesus' • 2. Mary's • 3. the scene • 4. the scene • 5. the scene's • 6. values • 7. ideal of nativity • 8. Jesus • 9. the local authority • 10. the exhibition

Task 6 1. complete • 2. encourage • 3. commission • 4. appealing • 5. audience • 6. chairman • 7. impose on • 8. tale

Task 7 To pay: reverence, respects, attention, a visit, lip-service To raise: concerns, doubts, suspicion, a fuss, fears

Task 8 1. lip-service • 2. a fuss· 3. a visit • 4. attention • 5. doubts • 6. respects· 7. suspicion· 8. fear

Task 9 1 d • 2c • 3d • 4a • 5d • 6b • 7b • 8a

Task 10 go ahead - take place (d), turns out - prove to be sth (b), looking into - examine sth (a), came about -happen (c), turning up - arrive (e) 1. came about • 2. looked into • 3. turn up • 4. go ahead • 5. turns out

Task 11 1. look • 2. turn· 3. come • 4. go

Task 12 1. came up • 2. went off • 3. look after· 4. turns out • 5. going out with • 6. looking forward to • 7. looked through· 8. turned ... down • 9. come back • 10. turned to • 11. came across • 12. gone off • 13. turns over· 14. come round • 15. go for

Task 13 1. second-hand • 2. adults • 3. exhibition • 4. putting together • 5. infant • 6. haircut • 7. companion· 8. overhead • 9. humorous • 10. offensive· 11. reverence • 12. unusual • 13. banned

Task 14 1. The infant Jesus doesn't have a flower on his face. He has a love heart on his face. 2. There aren't any sheep but leopards and cows. 3. The kittens are not small. They are outsized.

Task 15 1. council • 2. complaint • 3. ban • 4. valuable • 5. expansion • 6. gain • 7. authorised • 8. exhibited • 9. appreciation • 10. speech

Task 16 1. would • 2. should· 3. May/Might ... may/might • 4. would • 5. may/might • 6. Should • 7. Would • 8. might

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UNIT 14 Europe votes to ban tobacco adverts

Task 3

Country Voted yes Didn't vote Voted no

Austria ../

Britain

Denmark

Germany

Greece ../

Luxembourg ../

Spain

Task 4 1. one· 2. three· 3. four • 4. two • 5. eight

Task 5 1. Because the sponsors are tobacco companies. 2. (At the point of sale) in (outside) shops, in specialist magazines. 3. That Spain decided to abstain. I Spain by withdrawing its support. 4. It's Europe's largest cigarette producer. 5. A backstage deal with Germany. I Germany's promise to support Spain in return. I Its fear of losing EV

support. 6. They eased restrictions on advertising outside shops. 7. It contradicts EV support for tobacco industry. 8. Because it provides many jobs. 9. By using the same name for other products. IBy establishing clothes lines under the same name.

Task 6

Verb Noun(s) Noun (person) Adjective

advertise advert advertiser advertisement

negotiate negotiation negotiator

protect protection protector protective

add addition additional additive

initiate initiative initiator initial

restrict restriction restrictive

14 propose proposal proposition

proposer

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preside presidency president presidential

expand expansion expansive

revise revision reViser

prevent prevention preventive

promote promotion promoter promotional

Task 7 1. presidential • 2. restricted • 3. proposal/initiative • 4. initiative • 5. protective • 6. negotiate • 7. expanded • 8. revisions • 9. promotion

Task 8 le • 2d • 3c • 4a • 5f, j • 6h, m • 7i, k • 8b • 9g, 1

Task 9 1 - which - e 5-before-g

Task 10

2 - that - h 6 - as - c

3 - but - b 7 - because - d

1. on ". into • 2. with • 3. for • 4. at • 5. against • 6. of • 7. with • 8. from

Task 11

4 - when - f 8 - so that - a

1. promoting· 2. to ease· 3. to advertise • 4. launching • 5. to say· 6. to win • 7. advertising • 8. making • 9. advertising· 10. to vote

Task 12 la • 2b • 3b • 4b • 5a • 6c • 7a • 8b

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The publisher and authors would like to thank the following for their kind permission to use articles and extracts from copyright material:

Swissair Intensift'es Unicef Commitment; October 1997, Swissair Gazette Boxers teach bullied pupils to hit back; 04 March 2001 ©The Independent, 2001 Drunken wife!s smash with police! 05 December 1997, Daily Mail Wrollg-way driver hit police car after party! 05 December 1997©Telegraph Group Limited, 1997 Butt seriously this is worth £1;500 by John Vincent, 22 July 1997, Evening Standard Dcntist;s pail1fid way to extract paymel1t by Brian Lironi, 17 April 1997, Scotsman Quick gUI/ check system crawls to a start by Gary Fields, 02 December 1998, Copyright 1998, USA TODAY

International. Distributed by Tribune Media Services International Thefts are a bad sign for tourists by Alan Murdoch, 03 May 1997©The Independent, 1997 Tales of the unexpected by Emma Cook, 13 July 1997©The Independent, 1997 Concern over the ofFce cyberjunkics who OD on IT by Chris Barrie, 09 December 1997, Copyright Guardian

Newspapers Limited, 1997 The Life Doctor by Eleanor Bailey, 13 September 1998©The Independent, 1998 COI/\'ersations with virtual gral/ny by Clive Cookson, 04 July 1998, Financial Times JlIst add walking, 07 December 1998, Newsweek FlIllk Baby Jesus and the three lVlasters of the Universe by Kate Ginn, 05 December 1997, Daily Mail Euro vote to lJan tobacco adverts by Toby Heim, 05 December 1997©Telegraph Group Limited, 1997

The publisher and authors would like to thank Steven Appleby for his permission to reproduce the car­toon "Reasons why a family won't speak to each other" and Peter Lennard for his help.

Every effort has been made to trace the owners of copyright material in this book, but we should be pleased to hear from any copyright owner whom we have been unable to contact in order to rectify any errors or omiSSIOns.

A szerz6k kbszbnetet mondanak mindazoknak, akik segftettek munld.jukat. Kbszbnetet mondunk kbzepiskolai es f6iskolai kollegainknak az anyagok kipr6balasaert es a tanacsokert,

diakjainknak kritikus eszreveteleikert es btleteikert, valamint csaladunknak a turelmukert es kitartasukert.

Akademiai Kiado, 2005 A kiadasert felel6s az Akademiai Kiado IgazgatoJa

Fele16s szerkeszt6: Pomazi Gyi:ingyi Vezet6 szerkeszt6: Kiscelli Piroska

Termekmenedzser: Sztaryne Benk6 Krisztina Ti:irdeles: E16fej Bt

Fedelterv: Co-Libri Studio Nyomdai munkalatok: Kaloprint Nyomda Kft., Kalocsa