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READABILITY COMPARISON

BETWEEN ORIGINAL AND SIMPLIFIED VERSION

OF NOVEL OF DAVID COPPERFIELD

BY CHARLES DICKENS

By

MUHAMMAD HANIF

NIM. 201132246

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY

MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY

2015

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READABILITY COMPARISON

BETWEEN ORIGINAL AND SIMPLIFIED VERSION OF

NOVEL OF DAVID COPPERFIELD

BY CHARLES DICKENS

SKRIPSI

Presented to the University of Muria Kudus

in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Completing

the Sarjana Program in the Department of English Education

By

MUHAMMAD HANIF

NIM. 201132246

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY

MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY

2015

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MOTTO AND DEDICATION

MOTTO

Be the first, be the best and be

different then you’ll survive.

Great person comes with great

ideas.

Make your parents become

your purpose and your life

looks easy.

DEDICATION

The writer dedicates his works to

His beloved father, mother,

sister and brother.

His respectable aunty’s family

in Kudus.

Especially his great

grandmother who takes rest in

peace.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, overwhelming praise and gratitude to God Allah S.W.T, who

has given His mercies and blessing, so the writer can finish this research without

problem.

During this struggle to finish this research proposal, the writer would also like

to convey her special gratitude to:

1. Drs. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd as the Dean of the Teacher Training and

Education Faculty, for all his supports.

2. Diah Kurniati, S.Pd, M.Pd as the Head of English Education Department,

for all her supports.

3. Drs. Muh. Syafei, M.Pd as the the first advisor, for all his valuable time

and patience in guiding the writer during the process of writing this

skripsi.

4. Fajar Kartika, SS, M.Hum as the second advisor, for all of the guidance

and helps during the process of writing this skripsi.

5. All the lecturers of English Education Department, for giving new

knowledge, advices in facing life, and for giving gorgeous study

experiences.

6. The writer’s beloved family, mother, father, sister and brother who always

give spirit and love.

7. The writer’s aunty and family in Kudus for giving more experience in

facing life with values.

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8. All my best friends for the joy and our friendship. Especially for Eron

Abdul Azis, Ellisa Miftahul Jannah and Sugiyanto for big support.

9. All people involved during the writing process of this research.

Finally, thanks are also due to those whose names could not be mentioned

here, their contributions have enabled her completing this skripsi. The writer has a

great expectation that her study will be beneficial and useful for everybody who

interest in reading this research.

The writer realizes that this research is still far from being perfect; therefore,

the writer hopes some suggestions or critics to make it better and further research.

Kudus, May 2015

The writer

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ABSTRAKSI

Hanif, Muhammad. 2015. Perbandingan Keterbacaan antara Versi Asli dan Versi

Ringkasan dari Novel David Copperfield karangan Charles Dickens.

Skripsi. Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Keguruan

dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Muria Kudus. Dosen Pembimbing: (1)

Drs. Muh. Syafei, M.Pd. (2) Fajar Kartika, SS, M.Hum

Kata kunci: Keterbacaan, Novel Versi Asli, Novel Versi Ringkasan.

Pada saat ini banyak para penulis dan penerbit menciptakan karangan yang

berbentuk ringkasan (baik berupa buku, novel, koran dsb) untuk menarik lebih

banyak konsumen serta membantu pembaca untuk lebih mudah memahami isinya.

Akan tetapi tidak semua ringkasan mampu menyentuh tingkat keterbacaan yang

tepat dari target pembacanya. Keterbacaan merupakan ukuran tingkat pemahaman

terhadap bacaaan. Keterbacaan menjadi salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi

keberhasilan kegiatan membaca sehingga seluruh pembaca harus memperhatikan

faktor tersebutt

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur, menganalisa dan

membandingkan tingkat keterbacaan dari versi asli dan versi ringkasan dari novel

David Copperfield karangan Charles Dickens. Cakupan penelitian ini difokuskan

pada analisa tingkat keterbacaan dari 10 paragraf pilihan dari kedua novel tersebut

dengan menggunakan formula Flesch Reading Ease dan formula Gunning FOG.

Kemudian, dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode analisis diskriptif

yang bertujuan mendeskripsikan perbedaan tingkat keterbacaan antara dua novel

tersebut. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa nilai keterbacaan yang diperoleh dari

perhitungan formula keterbacaan. Penulis menggunakan formula Flesch Reading

Ease dan Gunning FOG sebagai instrumen untuk menentukan nilai keterbacaan

dari masing-masing novel tersebut.

Hasil penelitian ini menujukan bahwa berdasarkan formula Flesch Reading

Ease novel versi asli tergolong cukup sulit dan versi ringkasanya tergolong cukup

mudah. Kemudian berdasarkan formula Gunning FOG novel versi asli tersebut

tergolong sulit sedangkan versi ringkasanya tergolong cukup mudah.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian kualitatif ini, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa

(1) novel versi asli tersebut termasuk kategori tingkatan sulit, (2) novel versi

ringkasanya termasuk kategori tingkatan cukup mudah, dan (3) kedua novel

tersebut memiliki tingkat keterbacaan yang berbeda dimana versi ringkasan dari

novel tersebut lebih mudah terbaca dibandingkan versi aslinya. Sehingga penulis

menyarankan kepada semua pembaca, peneliti dan pelajar untuk lebih

memperhatikan aspek keterbacaan dari semua sumber bacaan yang mereka punyai

dan lebih memperkaya baham bacaan mereka agar menjadi pembaca yang kritis.

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ABSTRACT

Hanif, Muhammad. 2015. Readability Comparison between Original and

Simplified Version of Novel of David Copperfield by Charles Dickens.

Skripsi. English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education

Faculty, Muria Kudus University. Advisor: (1) Drs. Muh. Syafei, M.Pd.

(2) Fajar Kartika, SS, M.Hum

Keyword: Readability, Original Version of Novel, Simplified Version of Novel.

Writer and publisher nowadays produce simplified publications (book,

novel, newspaper and etc.) to reach the larger consumer and help the reader easier

to understand the meaning. But then not all of the simplification success to reach

approiate readability level with their target reader. Readability is the measurement

of level of ease of understanding. Readabiliy becomes one of the factors

influences succes of reading acivity so that all readers must concern about it.

This research aims to measure, analyse and compare the readability level

of original and simplified version of the novel of David Copperfield by Charles

Dickens. The Scope of the research is focused on analysing the readability level of

10 passages selected from those novels by using the Flesch Reading Ease Formula

and the Gunning FOG Formula.. Furthermore, in this research, the writer uses the

Descriptive Analysis method since this research is aimed to describe the

readability level difference of the novels. The data of this research is the

readability score taken from the calculation of readability formula. The writer uses

the Flesch Reading Ease Formula and the Gunning FOG Formula as the

instruments to find out the readability score of the novel.

The result of this research shows that based on the Flesch Reading Ease

Formula the original version of the novel is categorized as fairly difficult level and

simplified version is categorized as fairly easy level. Then based on Gunning FOG

Formula the original version of the novel is categorized as difficult level wheather

the simplified version is categorized as fairly easy level.

Based on the result of this qualitative research, the writer concludes that

(1) the original version of the novel belongs to difficult level, (2) the simplified

version of the novel belongs to fairly easy level and (3) both those two novel has

different readability level where the simplified version is more readable than the

original one. So that the writer suggests to all reader, researcher and English

learner to pay more attention to the aspect of readability of all reading source they

have and enrich their reading materials to be critical readers.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

COVER ........................................................................................................... i

LOGO ............................................................................................................... ii

TITLE ............................................................................................................... iii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION ........................................................................ iv

ADVISORS’ APPROVAL ............................................................................. v

EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL ........................................................................... vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................... vii

ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................... ix

ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... x

TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................... xi

LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................... xiv

LIST OF FIGURES/PICTURES ..................................................................... xvi

LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................. xvii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Research ...................................................................... 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem .......................................................................... 3

1.3 Objective of the Research ......................................................................... 3

1.4 Significance of the Research ...................................................................... 3

1.5 Scope of the Research ................................................................................ 4

1.6 Operational Definition ............................................................................... 4

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Readability ................................................................................................. 6

2.1.1 Concept of Readability ............................................................................ 7

2.1.2 The Factors of Readability ...................................................................... 8

2.2 Method in Assessing Readability ............................................................... 9

2.3 Readability Formula ................................................................................... 10

2.3.1 Gunning FOG index ................................................................................ 11

2.3.2 Fry Readability Graph ............................................................................. 14

2.3.3 Flesch Reading Ease Formula ................................................................. 15

2.3.4 Powers-Sumner-Kearl Formula .............................................................. 18

2.3.5 McLaughlin “SMOG” Formula .............................................................. 18

2.3.6 FORCAST Formula ................................................................................ 20

2.3.7 The Dale and Chall Original Formula ..................................................... 21

2.4 The Nature of Novel................................................................................... 23

2.4.1 Original Version and Simplified Version Novel ..................................... 24

2.4.2 The Readability of Novel ........................................................................ 27

2.5 The Novel of David Copperfield by Charles Dickens ............................... 28

2.6 Previous Research ...................................................................................... 30

2.7 Theoretical Framework .............................................................................. 32

CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH

3.1 Research Design ........................................................................................ 34

3.2 Data and Data Source ................................................................................. 34

3.3 Data Collecting........................................................................................... 35

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3.4 Data Analysis ............................................................................................. 35

CHAPTER IV FINDINGS OF THE RESEARCH

4.1 Readability of Original Version of Novel of David Copperfield ............. 38

4.2 Readability of Simplified Version of Novel of David Copperfield .......... 48

CHAPTER V DISCUSSION

5.1 Readability of Original Version of Novel of David Copperfield .............. 58

5.2 Readability of Simplified Version of Novel of David Copperfield .......... 61

5.3 Readability Comparison of the Original and Simplified Version of

Novel of of David Copperfield by Charles Dickens ................................. 64

CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

6.1 Conclusion ................................................................................................ 70

6.2 Suggestion .................................................................................................. 70

REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 72

APPENDICES ................................................................................................ 75

STATEMENT ................................................................................................. 134

CURRICULUM VITAE ................................................................................. 135

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LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

Table 2.1 The Fog Index with Reading Levels by Grade .................. 13

Table 2.2 The Fleach Reading Ease Table ......................................... 16

Table 2.3 Readability Grade Based on N ........................................... 19

Table 2.4 Dale-Call Grade-Correction Table ..................................... 22

Table 4.1 Features of Sample 1 of Original Vesion ........................... 38

Table 4.2 Features of Sample 2 of Original Vesion ........................... 39

Table 4.3 Features of Sample 3 of Original Vesion ........................... 40

Table 4.4 Features of Sample 4 of Original Vesion ........................... 41

Table 4.5 Features of Sample 5 of Original Vesion ........................... 42

Table 4.6 Features of Sample 6 of Original Vesion ........................... 43

Table 4.7 Features of Sample 7 of Original Vesion ........................... 44

Table 4.8 Features of Sample 8 of Original Vesion ........................... 45

Table 4.9 Features of Sample 9 of Original Vesion ........................... 46

Table 4.10 Features of Sample 10 of Original Vesion ......................... 47

Table 4.11 Features of Sample 1 of Simplified Vesion ....................... 48

Table 4.12 Features of Sample 2 of Simplified Vesion ....................... 49

Table 4.13 Features of Sample 3 of Simplified Vesion ....................... 50

Table 4.14 Features of Sample 4 of Simplified Vesion ....................... 51

Table 4.15 Features of Sample 5 of Simplified Vesion ....................... 52

Table 4.16 Features of Sample 6 of Simplified Vesion ....................... 53

Table 4.17 Features of Sample 7 of Simplified Vesion ....................... 54

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Table 4.18 Features of Sample 8 of Simplified Vesion ....................... 55

Table 4.19 Features of Sample 9 of Simplified Vesion ....................... 56

Table 4.20 Features of Sample 10 of Simplified Vesion ..................... 57

Table 5.1 Readability Level of Original Version Based on Flesch

Reading Ease Formula ....................................................... 58

Table 5.2 Readability Level of Original Version Based on Gunning

FOG .................................................................................. 60

Table 5.3 Readability Level of Simplified Version Based on Flesch

Reading Ease Formula ....................................................... 61

Table 5.4 Readability Level of Simplified Version Based on

Gunning FOG ................................................................... 63

Table 5.5 Readability Level of Original and Simplified Version of

the Novel of David Copperfield by Charles Dickens ........ 64

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LIST OF FIGURES/DIAGRAMS

Figure/Diagram Page

Figure 2.1 The Fry Graph index ........................................................ 14

Figure 2.2 Title Page of First Edition of David Copperfield ........... 28

Figure 5.1 Chart of Average Sentence Length Comparison

between Original and Simplified Version ....................... 66

Figure 5.2 Chart of Average Number of Syllable Per Word

Comparison between Original and Simplified

Version of the Novel ....................................................... 67

Figure 5.3 Chart of Precentage of Hard Words of Original

Version of the Novel ....................................................... 68

Figure 5.4 Chart of Precentage of Hard Words of Simplified

Version of the Novel ....................................................... 68

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix Page

1. Copy of Samples of Original Version of the Novel ....................... 75

2. Copy of Samples of Simplified Version of the Novel ................... 88

3. Features Extraction and Calculation of Readability Score ............... 111

4. Syllable Identification ...................................................................... 131