Reading Keys

Contents Overview of the course VI

Them e

Life with e n Unit Chat-room romance

Unit 2 Connecting people

Unit 3 The Internet and society

Youth culture Unit 4 Finding an identity

Unit 5 Kids, movies, and video games

Unit 6 Making a difference

A mysterious world Unit 7 Pyramids and the Mummy's Curse

Unit 8 Why did they do that?

Unit 9 Believe it or not

Playing with nature Unit 10 Human cloning

Unit 11 Plastic surgery

Unit 12 Food of the future

Text type

Internet bulletin board

Poem

Internet chat room

Personal profile

Newspaper article

Information sheet

Short story

Personal letter

Magazine article

Extract from a novel

Problem-page letter

E-zine article

ii

Key reading skills

Identifying text organization

Inferring meaning

Separating fact and opinion

Identifying cohesion

Scanning


Speed reading

Scanning

Identifying the topic

Understanding the main idea

Skimming


Key vocabulary skills

Prefixes

Using a dictionary

Antonyms

Guessing meaning from context

Using a dictionary

Connecting words

Words with different meanings

Synonyms

Prefixes

Recognizing parts of speech

Word groups

Suffixes

Page

2

4

10

16

22

24

30

36

42

44

50

56

62

64

70

76

iii

Theme

Animals a Unit 13 Are animals intelligent?

Unit 14 Extinction or survival

Unit 15 Animals in traditional stories

Humor Unit 16 What makes us laugh?

Unit 17 Private lives of comedians

Unit 18 Funny but true

Globalization Unit 19 Winners and losers

Unit 20 Ethical trading

Unit 21 A small world

That's entertainment Unit 22 Entertainment trends

Unit 23 Movies and movie stars

Unit 24 Extreme fun

Activity sheets Key reading skills-study sheets

Text type

Personal letter

Extract from a novel

Short story

Readers' letter page

Biography

Dialog extract

Personal profiles

Internet homepage

Advertisement

Magazine article

Movie reviews

Biography

Al RI

Key vocabulary skills-study sheets VI Word list WI

iv

Key reading skills

Inferring meaning


Skimming



Identifying the topic

Scanning

Speed reading



Skimming


Key vocabulary skills

Synonyms

Antonyms

Connecting words

Using a dictionary

Recognizing parts of speech

Synonyms

Guessing meaning from context

Connecting words

Suffixes

Prefixes

Word groups

Words with different meanings

Page

82

84

90

96

102

104

110

116

122

124

130

136

142

144

150

156

v

Overview of the course: Reading Keys in action

Each theme has a special opening section Find out w hat you are going to read by first previewing the three units in the theme.

Describe pictur es.

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Complete a simple cha rt abo ut the ma in texts in the th eme.

Ma tch sho rt texts to th e pic tur es.

Match each pictu re with a unit .

A typical unit

Read the informati on in the Learn new wo rds and practice introdu ction and st udy any pic tures. key vocabulary skills.

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vi

Read the main text Answer comprehension and check your questions to help you

understand the text.

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Practice key reading skills Review vocabu lary. to become a better

reader.

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Talk about your ideas wit h your classmates.

vii

Life with the Internet 1. Look at these pictures. Choose

one and describe it with your partner.

2. Ask and answer questions about the other two pictures.

.What is he doing? ~

Where are they? ... ------'

2

J KEY READING SKILLSPrevie L, STUDY SHEET I. PAGE RI

1. There are three units in this section. Find the main texts and complete this chart.

Unit I

Unit 2

Unit 3

2. With your partner, match each of these captions with a picture.

a. Many people use the Internet to find relatives. The Ancestry Tree is one popular website, with information about more than twenty-four million people. This is one way the Internet can bring families together.

b. The movie "You've Got Mail," by Hollywood stars Meg Ryan and Tom Hanks, introduced people to the idea of cyber romance. Today, hundreds of thousands of people search the Web every day looking for love.

c. We are spending more and more time online for work, school. and leisure. Some people are questioning how the Internet affects the way we communicate and behave. Using a cell phone, we can surf the Web any time, any place.

3. Which picture matches each unit? Tell your partner.

3

Unit 1 Chat-room romance 1. Read this information.

. the world's -and-OnlY Network IS

The One . dating service. gest online itIar . 24 hours: 1AOO r---------,... ~Go

ber of ads over ~ S hop p

~~:::~: ~:;ches o:er 24.~:~:::a~~~~~~~t ove r 24 hours: 11,000 )=..===::::O:E:::= »i n g

=-==--...::.....,

Online dating is becoming more and more popular as more people use the

Internet. For people who are looking for love in cyberspace, there are thousands of Internet dating sites to choose from. Some sites claim to add 40,000 new members every week. But is the Internet the right place to find romance?

ever be lonely again

Find your perfect match online

Register now for Romance

and Love !

~ ~

Average number of e-m31 ' -_

AOL says that more than 10,000 marriages are the result of its online chat sites.

2. Close your book. Tell your partner what you can remember.

Think about it

1. Ask and answer these questions with your partner.

a. Can the Internet help people find their perfect partner? b. Is it possible to fall in love online? c. What kind of people look for love on the Internet? d. Have you ever had an Internet romance? e. Would you go online looking for a date?

2. Make a group. Think of three benefits of and three problems with looking for a date on the Internet.

Benefits Problems

4

Vocabulary skills: Prefixes ~~

KE~.;'u~~:~~Lt~rG~~~LLS

1. Match each prefix with a word.

co- dis good- il im in ir mis un

a. .......... credible d. .. ........possible g. ..........sa tisfied

b . ..........looking e . .......... und er stand h . .......... responsible

c. .... ...... workers f. .. ........ logical i. ..........exciting

2. Add a prefix to give each word the opposite meaning.

. ..accurate honest like secure ... ...... .traditional

3. Use the new words above to complete this text.

Dating online

Going to an Internet chat room is an a way to find love. People

who prefer old-fashioned ways of meeting others may b the

idea of finding love using a computer. However, using th e Internet can be an

easy, comfortable wa y to find a date. It is especially good for people who are

c. about meeting face-to-face. It 's also possible to be totally op en

onlin e . There 's no need to be d or give e ..

information about yourself; you can just tell th e truth. Plus, you are more in

control. You have time to think ab out what to say. What 's more, you don't have

to dress up or worry ab out being unattractive. You can be yourself.

Predicting

1. Look at the title of the Internet site you are going to read.

2. What do you think you will read about? Check (V) your answers.

a. D True stories of pe ople who found love on the Internet

b. D Names of people who met through a dating agency and then married

c. D A comparison of on lin e dating and other forms of dating

d. D A discussion of why the Internet is so popular for finding a partner

e. D Details of a competition to find your perfect partner

3. Read the text and check your predictions.

5

I [lIe ~dil ~iew F.5!voriles Iools !::!elp

~ jj ~ /.. iJ -4 1.0· ~ ~ ~ (J Back ~ Stop Refresh Home Search Favor ite~ ...H i~lory . ... ~.a!1 Print Edit Discuss Translate _

r A.ddress IhttP :~~w.IO ~34.~om/su·~ :ht~1 __ __ :::oJ ~Go Links ~ Customize Links ~ FreeHolmail ~ My Presario ~ M}lAllaVisla ~ MyCily @]Search @]Service and Supporl ~ Shopping »

Online success stories! Here are just a few of our happy customers ...

• Jim and Paula . Paula and I are crazy about each other. We fell in love the first day we met online, about three months ago! Now, we e-mail each other all the time-about five times a day-and I think about her all of the time. I love the way she writes. She 's so creative, so honest. And so good-looking! She sent me a photo yesterday; she has beautiful black hair and an incredible smile. She works in a ski resort in Switzerland as an instructor, and she's clever, too (speaks four languages) . I am so happy I met her. Love online is the greatest!

• Mike and Susan . I met Susan eight weeks ago. Before, I was lonely and dissatisfied with my life. My life was so unexciting-all I did was work. But after I met Susan in your chat room, and then in person, we started dating and everything changed. l\Jow I am more positive, much happier, and far more self-confident. I love her very much and I am sureshe loves me. I thought it was impossib le to be this happy, but now I feel so much better, and our love grows every day. She is my life.

• Samantha and Lee . I met my boyfriend, Lee, thanks to Love Online Personals! We chatted online for about forty minutes, and then I asked him if he wanted to talk on the phone. He agreed, so I gave him my phone number, and he called. We talked for hours and hours, and fell in love immediately. After that, he invited me to visit him for a short vacation, so the next weekend I drove to Vancouver to see him. That was six months ago and we are still very much in love. We see each other every weekend. Next month, I am leaving my job to go and live with him. My co-workers say I'm being illogical and irresponsible, but they misunderstand me. He has changed my world. We plan to marry next year. I wish that more people could find love this way.

@] Done JgJ My Computer

6

Understanding the text

1. Answer these questions.

a. What's the name of Paula 's bo yfriend?

b. How often do they e-mail each other?

c. What did Mike do before he met Susan?

d. Where does Lee live?

e. What is Samantha going to do next month?

2. Choose the answer to each question.

a. Who has a lot more self-confidence now? 1. Jim 2. Mike 3. Lee 4. Susan

b. When did Samantha and Lee meet? 1. one year ago 2. one hour ago 3. two months ago 4. six months ago

c. Where does Paula live? 1. Brazil 2. China 3. Switzerland 4. England

d. What did Jim receive from Paula yesterda y? 1. a postcard 2. a photo 3. a present 4. a phone call

e. How often do Samantha and Lee see each other? 1. every day 2. every month 3. every weekend 4. twice a month

3. Answer these questions. Which couple ...

a. ha s known each other the longest?

b. ha s never met in person?

c. probably lives in different countries? ..

d. ha s dated for about two months? ..

e. is going to marry next year?

4. Discuss. Which couple do you think has the greatest chance of long-term happiness? Why?

7

KEY READING SKILLSReading skills: Identifying text organization tfr STUDY SHEET 6. PAGE R6

1. Look again at the "Love Online Personals" stories. Match each story with the way it is organized.

a. Jim and Paula comparison / contrast b. Mike and Susan chronological order c. Samantha and Lee description

2. Complete these tasks.

a. Circle six adjectives that Jim uses to describe Paula.

b. How has Mike's life changed since he met Susan?

c. Number the events from Samantha and Lee 's life in the correct order.

They talk on the phone for a long tim e.

They talk onlin e for forty minutes.

Samantha drives to Vancouver to see Lee.

Samantha asks Lee to phone her.

Lee phones Samantha.

Samantha and Lee meet through Love Online Personals .

Lee invite s Samantha to visit him.

3. Read this text. Then answer the questions below.

Internet dating dangers Meeting over the Internet can cause problems. First , chat rooms can attract unpleasant people. Someone may seem nice at first, but then become rude. Second, it is very eas y for people to lie about themselves on the Internet. Moreover, people who are married or who already have a serious relationship ma y use th e Internet to have an affair. So, when you meet someone new on the Internet, you might at first think you have found a soul mate, but then be disappointed when the truth comes out. What's more, surfing the Internet is somethin g you do alone . If you are alone at your compu ter at home, then you are n ot in the real world meeting people face-to-fa ce. In addition, Internet romance often develops very quickly, and can become very serious too quickl y. Always remember, meeting online is not "re al" and cannot repl ace personal face-to-face con tact.

a. How is the text organized? b. How many points are there against Internet dating?

8

Word review

Use the words in the box to complete this text.

chat dating irresponsible lonely meet online plan success

Internet dating

If you are a little a , you might b to search for

a partner by going c But when you meet new people in a

d room on the Internet, be careful. Never give personal

information about yourself, such as your telephone number or address . If you

decide to see someone in person, make sure you e in a public

place, and take a friend if possible. Always tell someone where you are going,

who you'll be with, and when you'll be back. Don't be f. and

get into a car with someone you don't know. If it doesn't feel right, don 't do it.

Remember, Internet g can be a great h , but be

careful out there!

Talk about it 1. Read these ~tatements. Check (...... ) your opinion.

Yes Maybe No

a. Internet dating is easier than traditional forms D D D of dating.

b. Meeting a date on the Internet is a good way D D D to start a relationship.

c. It's impossible to find the right person using D D D Internet dating.

d. Internet dating is only for computer nerds. D D D e. Dating agencies just want to make money out D D D

of lonely people.

2. Make a group and compare your answers.

~ACTIVITY I PAGE AI

9

Unit 2 Connecting people

1. Read this information.

The Internet is great-my mother is online, so I keep

in touch with her regularly. It's so much easier to send an

e-mail than to write a letter!

Find your old school friends @ peoplenet.com

M issingFamily History Persons ~

Cybernet

Surfing the web, I found people Using MyFamily.com, I was able from my high school class. We had

to find over forty relatives that Ia reunion last week. It was fantastic didn't know I had! to see so many old friends.

2. Make a list of ways the Internet can help connect people.

Think about it

1. Write your answers. Then interview your partner and write their answers.

Me My partner

a. Would you use the Internet to research your family history?

b. Would you post a message on the Internet to find a friend?

c. Would you post your details on the Internet?

d. Do you keep in touch with your family bye-mail?

e. Do you use text messages on your cell phone to con tact friends?

f. Do you have any friends you met over the Internet?


10

KEY VOCABULARY SKILLSVocabular skill s: Using a dictionary STUDY SHEET 2. PAGE V2

1. Read this text. Then use your dictionary to complete the chart below.

What is the Internet? The Internet is a network that connects computers all over the world. Using an Internet service called the World Wide Web, you can access all kinds of information from computers all around the globe. With the correct hardware and software, you can surf the web to view documents, play games, download pictures and movies, listen to music, and watch programs. Some people use the Internet to look for family members or for people they love who are missing.

Noun Verb Adjective

connection a . connected

accessibility access b ..

c . inform d .

e . correct correct

2. Read this text. Then look up the words in italics in your dictionary. For each word, note the part of speech, its pronunciation, and meaning.

Looking for my mother When I was ten years old, my parents told me that I was a. adopted. I didn't b. believe it at first, but after my parents told me the whole story, I understood. They said they had found me through an adoption c. agency when I was six months old. My natural mother had d. abandoned me outside a hospital soon after I was born. When I heard the news, I was shocked. I knew I had to find my e. real mother.

Predicting

1. Look at the title of the poem you are going to read. It is by a mother whose daughter was adopted at birth by another woman.

Search for a stranger

2. Discuss these questions with your partner.

a. Who do you think the stranger is? b. Why does the mother want to search for her daughter? c. Do you think she will find her daughter?


II

Search for a stranger You were not a mistake, But on the night you were born, I screamed. And later, I cried, Alone in the darkness, no family Or friends ... abandoned.

! held you in my arms, and right away, It felt natural-gentle kisses falling to your face Salty with tears, so pink and innocent. I wondered "Will time break this connection?" It did not.

I did not name you. There was no time, and no point. I whispered '" love you" and sang Softly as the footsteps came Hollow and empty in the hall.

"I've changed my mind," I wanted to say. But I was silent, and you were gone. Prayers help, but they can't correct My mistake. or bring you back to me. My heart is still breaking.

I cry without tears now When I see children playing In the street or school yard. At Christmas ... on your birthday, So many painful anniversaries.

I buy presents sometimes. Like a small bear, in pink. I have a room full of guilt-my heart hurts Twenty years after you went away. I believe that I will give them to you someday.

I dream of you, Ask myself if you are married yet, have children. Are you studying hard? It's time to begin the voyage To search for the stranger I know so well.

-Anonymous

12


1. Read these questions and write your answers.

a. Who wrote the poem?

b. Who was with her after she gave birth?

c. Did she give a name to her bab y?

d. Does sh e know where her child is now?

e. How old is her child now?

2. For each statement write Yes or Maybe.

a. The bab y was a boy.

b. The woman can't forget her child.

c. The birth was painful.

d. She buys presents to stop feeling guilty.

e. She believes she will see her child again someday.

3. Make a group. Discuss these questions.

a. Did she want to ha ve the bab y? b. Why did she cry after giving birth? c. Why didn't she name her baby? d. Why was her baby taken away from her? e. Why do you think she wanted to change her

mind at the last minute?

13

'j KEY READING SKILLSReading skills: Inferring meaning STUDY SHEET 3. PAGE R3

1. Look again at the poem "Search for a stranger." Can you explain these lines from the poem?

a. You were not a mistake b. Hollow and empty in the hall c. I cry without tears now d. So many painful anniversaries e. I have a room full of guilt

2. Which of these adjectives describe the mother? Her family and friends? The baby?

abandoned guilty innocent regretful selfish unsupportive

3. Read your adjectives to another group. Can the other group guess correctly who the adjectives describe?

4. Now read the mother's story.

Finding my baby When I was nineteen, I really needed some money. I agreed to be paid to have a child, and then give the baby to a childless couple. It was the worst decision of my life. My family and friends thought I was selfish and crazy. I was, but I was also young and didn't listen to their good advice. After the birth, I wanted to change my mind and keep the baby, but I had agreed to give my child away. I knew that the couple really wanted the baby, so I gave her to them. Years later, I tried to find my daughter, but without success. Then, last year, I got a computer and tried the Internet. I searched and posted messages on every website I could find for locating missing people. Amazingly, two months later, my daughter replied. We spoke on the phone and then exchanged photographs . Two days after that, I couldn't believe my eyes when I met her for the first time. We ran to each other's arms and hugged and cried. I felt like I was whole again. I have given her all the toys I bought through the years, and we see each other often.

5. Check (V) the statements below that can be inferred from the text.

a. D The woman didn't understand how hard her agreement would be .

b. D ·Her family and friends didn't help her.

c. D She was tricked into giving away her child.

d. D Nobody helped her search for her daughter.

e. D·:Hei-Op~ghter has forgiven her. . .:

14 " ..

Word review

Match each word or phrase in italics with a word or phrase that has a similar meaning.

Online communication As well as helping you find 1. strangers, the Internet is useful for keeping in touch with family and friends, too. You can send e-cards for every 2. anniversary from weddings to birthdays. You can order flowers and 3. presents, too . But be careful. It's easy to make a 4. mistake when you type in your credit card details. Also, try not to write an e-mail when you are angry. Because it arrives 5. right away, you can't 6. change your mind later, and so it's possible to 7. hurt someone. Have you ever sent an e-mail when you were angry and then had a feeling of 8. guilt afterwards?

a. error e. people you don't know

b. gifts f. shame

c. have second thoughts g. special da te

d. immediately h. upset

Talk about it

1. Read these opinions. Check (V) the one you most agree with.

The Internet doesn't bring people together. It separates them. People spend

too much time alone rather than going out into the real world and having real

contact with people.

The Internet is a great way to connect with other people. It offers so many new possibilities for communication.You can

contact people all over the world, people you wouldn't normally meet.


~ ACTIVITY 2 PAGE AI

15

Unit :3 The Internet and society

1. Read this information about the Internet.

"I think there is a world market for maybe five computers."

ThomasW atson ( 1874- 1956). Chairman of IBM, 1943

United Nations esti Internet users in 20"Ja5~e for n~'!lber of

. one billion

"The Intern et has affected our lives in countless ways. We com m u nicate by mail, w e gather and share data via the World Wid e Web, we conduct transactions . . , over the Internet, we find out important medical and political information on. the Net, we see friends In

chat rooms, and we 'instant message' them when we find they ar e

online." Vint Cerf

"Father" of the Internet

2. With your partner, make a list of all the ways that the Internet affects our lives.

Think about it


a. How often do you use the Int ernet? b. What do you use it for? c. Do you think the Internet is useful? d. Is the Internet more powerful than other forms of communication? e. What jobs can you th ink of that need the Internet? f. Do you think the Internet will disappear in th e future?


16

KEY VOCABULARY SKILLS STUDY SHEET 9, PAGE V9Vocabulary skills: Antonyms

1. Match each word on the left with its antonym on the right.

a. important search b. positive forbid c. rare modern d. allow trivial e. traditional negative f. advantages solution g. problem disadvantages h. find common

2. Read this text.

Teens online For many young people, communicating on the Internet has become an essential part of life. E-mail and instant messages, because of their ease and speed, have partly replaced face-to-face meetings and telephone conversations. Teens say that online communication can create distance between people. However, they add that this distance can be very helpful, especially for people who are shy or want to finish a difficult relationship.

3. For each word below, find an antonym in the text above.

a. unnecessary

b. difficulty

c. completely

d. closeness

e. unhelpful

f. outgoing

Predicting

1. Look at the title of the Internet chat column you are going to read. - ~

ItLinks ~ Cuslomize Links ~ Free Holmail ~ My Presario ~ M}\/\.llaVisla ~ MyCily ~ Search ~ Service and Support ~ ShoppingI ~ . _ .,_ ._ __

HOME The pros and cons of Internet life

2. With your partner, think of three advantages and three disadvantages of the Internet. Then make a group and compare your ideas.

3. Read the text. Are any of your ideas mentioned?

17

E~e ~dil ~iew Fgvoriles Iools !:ielp--- - --:------- - - - ~ m Li) I ,"" -1J -4 D~ .;j z;1 ~ Q

Back Slop Refresh Home Search Favorites History Ma~ Print Edit Discuss Translate

~gd ressl http://~w.iln_et.com/procon .ht~ --»Links ~ CuslomizeLinks ~ Free Holmail ~ My Presario ~ MyAllaVisla ~ MyCily €J Search ~ Service and Support ~ Shopping

HOME The pros and cons of Internet life

NEXT

BACK

SITE MAP

LINKS

Many people now believe that the Internet is the most important invention in history. Some say it has a greater impact on our lives than the car, plane, or television . The World Wide Web is changing how we shop, how we work, how we contact each other, how we spend our leisure time, and how we learn. However, the role of the Internet in our society can be both positive and negative.

I have two young children, and I have to stay at home to look after them . It's too expensive to put them in nursery school. The Internet, though, allows me to work from home. I have started my own mail-order bus iness. Now my husband and I have more money to spend on the children!

Terri

I'm worried about the effect the Internet is having on our society. When our young people use the Internet, they read information and see images of the outside world and they believe everything. They don't get a balanced view, and I'm worried they may reject our traditional culture .

Malik

I love the econom ic advantages the Internet offers-e-commerce and online trading give everyone the chance to be a millionaire!

lim

I suffer from a rare disease, and it's great to communicate with people allover the world who also have the same problem. It's a wonderful community. Without the Internet, I'd feel so alone.

Jane

People say the Internet is great because yo u can see places allover the world and meet people, too. But I th ink that's garbage-it's just not true. The Internet encourages people to stay at home rather than go out into the real world and see real places and meet real people. Get a life, surfers !

Naomi

The Internet can make dreams come true . I've always wanted to write children's stories, but no publisher would print them. Now I have my own website and I like to think that ch ildren eve rywhere are enjoying them .

Kathrin

I'm really worried about the content of some of these Internet sites. There is far too much bad material, and I don't want my children finding it. It's a real danger.

Lee

€J Done I ~ MY ~l e;-

18

Un erstanding .h e


a. What can Terri do thanks to the Internet?

b. Why does Jane like the Internet?

c. What kind of stories has Kathrin published on the Internet?

d. How can someone become rich on the Internet?

e. Find five parts of our lives that the Internet is changing.

2. Write the name of the person who ...

a. worries about kids seeing bad things on the Internet.

b. would be lonely without the Internet.

c. has achieved a personal goal thanks to the Internet.

d. thinks some people live too much of their lives on the Internet.

e. says people can make a lot of money out of the Internet.

f. believes the Internet can harm traditional values.

g. has an Internet-based business.

3. Who is in favor of the Internet, and who is against it? What are their reasons?

In favor of Reason

Against Reason

4. Who do you agree with?

19

po

KEY READING SKILLSeading skills: Separating fact and opinion STUDY SHEET 9. PAGER9

1. Look again at "The pros and cons of Internet life" chat page. Which of these statements are facts and which are opinions? Write F (fact) or 0 (opinion).

a. .... ...... The Internet is more important than any other invention.

b. .... ...... Terri stays home with her children because child care is very expensive .

c. ..... ..... Young people believe everything they see on the Internet.

d. .......... The Internet gives some people a chance to make a lot of money.

e . ... ....... Minority groups and people with illnesses can support one another over the Internet.

f . Kathrins stories are very entertaining.

g . Children can access websites which have adult content.

h. The Internet stops people from meeting in real life.

2. Read this text.

Online privacy Some people say that we have less privacy now than we had in the past. They claim it's possible to discover everything someone does on the Internet, and even spy on people. They also say that people can use the Internet too much, so they become more distant from their families and friends . But other people claim that the Internet creates equal opportunities for everyone. They argue that the Internet helps to take power away from the wealthy, and that we can all have a voice on the Internet, whatever our views or beliefs.

3. Does the text above describe facts or opinions? Circle the words that support your answer.

4. Write two sentences, one giving your opinion of the Internet and the other giving a fact about it.

My opinion of the Internet:

A fact about the Internet:

5. Read your sentences to your classmates. They must decide which is your opinion and which is a fact.

20

Word review

For each word in italics, choose the word below that has a similar meaning.

Who is online? The a. invention of the Internet brought many b. advantages, especially in c. business and d. leisure. However. an estimated 85% of people around the world are not online. The Internet, therefore, has no e. impact on their lives at all. For many, the technology is still too f. expensive. Others g. reject the Internet because they are h. worried about the effect it will have on their traditional culture. Today, it is still mostly people in wealthy and developed countries who use the Internet.

a. 1. creation 2. size e. 1. influence 2. control b. 1. supporters 2. benefits f. 1. advanced 2. costly c. 1. advertising 2. commerce g. 1. want 2. refuse d. 1. free time 2. home life h. 1. concerned 2. unhappy

Talk about it

1. Which of these activities do you do, or would you consider doing, on the Internet? Check (V) your answers.

Do now Would Definitely consider wouldn 't do

a. Listen to and download music D D D b. Play games D D D c. Check sports scores D D D d. Send e-mail D D D e. Chat with friends D D D f. Look for news D D D g. Look for information D D D h. Surf to pass the time D D D i. Research a product before buying it D D D j. Buy things D D D


~ACTIVITY 3 PAGE AI

21

Look at these pictures. Ask and answer questions with your partner. Take turns.

What are they doing?

22

KEY READING SKILLSPreview ST,UDY SHEET I. PAGE R1


Text title Text type Topic

Unit 4

Unit 5

Unit 6


a. For young people, fashions and hobbies are an important part of personal identity. They help people relate to one another.

b. Prince William is a famous young volunteer. He has worked as a volunteer in a school nursery, on a local community radio station, and in a construction project in Chile.

c. This is a fight scene in "Mortal Kombat." the movie of the popular computer game.


23

Unit 4 Finding an identity

1. With your partner, describe these people.

"Youth is wasted on

the young." George Bernard Shaw

Everythinq5Chanj,njMy bOdy, myfrt"el1tls, My hfe ... me, movt"nj 501u,ckly. whoam /? what do / It'ke? Am / free to tht"nk ... Foy myself, at last? Maklnj choices 5ha/Jlnj myhfe. But / can't dedde whoam ... t? wholS me? And whatdoes d mean To befree? Ftnally.

2. Which of these adjectives does not typically describe young people?

carefree old-fashioned creative idealistic imaginative

Think about it

How do these things help you express who you are? Make a group and discuss your ideas.

The clothes you wear . ou watch The w The mov1es Y ay you talk

YOllr hairstyle bUYThem . . osY~

la lISlC you listen to T\le t\lltll? sports yoU p Y . U readThe The clubs you go to The books and magazmes yo

24

II KEY VOCABULARY SKILLSVocabulary skills: Guessing meaning from context STUDY SHEET I. PAGE VI

1. Read this paragraph and choose the correct meaning of each word or phrase in italics.

The generation gap Every adult generation seems to a . condemn the young. Parents are always complaining about how their children behave. They say young people don't b. respect authority and are irresponsible. Th ey complain that their children are c. materialistic, always looking to buy the ne xt brand-name fashion item. They d. blame young people for being selfish. They complain that their children e. take for granted the comfort and security they enjoy. They disapprove of their behavior and say, "1 wasn 't like that when I was yo ung." And what happens when these young people grow up and become parents? History repeats itself all over again ...

a. 1. dislike 2. criticize 3. copy b. 1. obey 2. talk about 3. study c. 1. dangerous 2. good at making things 3. too interested in money d. 1. criticize 2. ask 3. want e. 1. use 2. don 't appreciate 3. permit

2. With your partner, read this text and guess the meaning of the words in italics.

, Finding me Young people have a hard time growing up. They begin to question the world aro und them and a. challenge their parent 's authority. They want to b. experiment with life, change their appearance, find out who they are. In this process of change, teenagers often c. rebel against their parents. Some even d . deliberately do the opposite of what their parents want. Some young people want to be different. They want to be seen as individuals and to e. stand out in a crowd. They worry ab out being popular and accepted. Young pe ople can also feel isolated from their parents, adults, and society.

Predicting

1. You are going to read about one teenager's experience growing up. With your partner, look at these notes and decide what you think happened.

james / Australia / rebellious / outall110M / hairclyed/ Yl'nj / crazy / f'3hft'nj /

Jrades / falled / outofschool/mother tauJht him / afYlsol1er / twoyears / colleJe )


25

II

home with his hair dyed yellow and a ring through his nose. "I was in a gang. We all had to do the same thing ... so we would stand out, 1 guess-be unique," he explains. "I didn't think it was that serious, but my parents went crazy-especially my dad. He was mad for weeks." But the problems didn't stop there. James started to get into trouble at school for fighting. "I was young and irresponsible," he says. "I didn't know what 1 was doing. 1 just wanted to belong to a group, and that was how to get respect." His grades suffered and he failed his exams. At sixteen, things became so bad that James's parents decided to take him out of school. His mother taught him at home. He couldn't see his friends or go out of the house alone. For two years, James was like a prisoner, kept under strict control. "I felt really bad at the time. 1 thought they hated me. But now 1 know they were trying to help me," says James. Gradually, his grades improved, and two years later, he

James Kell is nineteen years old. passed into college. He is doing He grew up in Melbourne, Australia. well and hopes to become an He had a good life there and was aircraft engineer. "It's not trendy, always a happy child. But when he but it's a job 1 really want to do," was thirteen, he became very he explains. But James doesn't rebellious. He argued with his parents seem to feel guilty about his and refused to go to bed when they behavior when he was younger. said. Sometimes, he came home late "When 1 think back to what 1 was or even stayed out all night. He never like, 1 realize 1 took my parents for did what they told him to. Then, granted. But 1 was just looking for when he was fifteen, one day he came an identity."

26

c

II Understanding the text

1. Read the questions and write your answers.

a. What nationality is James? .

b. Find five ways he reb elled against his parents.

1 .

2 .

3 .

4 .

5 .

c. How did he change his appearance?

d. What two problems did he have at school?

e. For how many years did James's mother teach him at home?

2. Number these events in order.

a James 's mother started to teach him at home

b Had his hair dyed and got a nose ring

Began to rebel and argue with his parents

d. Failed his exams

e. Went to college

3. Now write James's age when each event above took place.

a. c. e .

b. d.


a . James says he was "just looking for an identity." Is this a good excuse for his behavior?

b. Do you think James's parents were right to take him out of school? c. How do you think James felt at the time? d. How does James feel now towards his parents? e. How do you think James's parents felt when he was fifteen? f. How do you think they feel n ow?

27

I II

KEY READING SKILLSReading skills: Identifying cohesion STUDY SHEET 2. PAGE R2

1. Look again at the text "Growing pains." Find the following phrases and decide what the words in italics refer to.

a. He had a good life there.

b. He never did what th ey to ld him to.

c. We all had to do the same thing.

d. He wa s mad for weeks.

e. I th ought they hated me.

f. It 's a job I really want to do .

2. Read this text. With your partner, decide what the words in italics refer to.

Who has the power? There is always a cultural gap between one generation and another. But I think a. it is far wider now th an at any time in the pa st. The young generation today is in a very different world from the rest of b. us. We had rock and roll, television, and international travel. c. They have new technology and the Internet. d. This is shaping all our lives, but no one can adapt as quickly or learn so much as these young people. The result is that young people today have all the power. e. This means the rest of us are just spectators. The generation gap ha s always meant cultural and moral differences, but f. these are no longer important. Who controls economic power and information technology? They do .

a .

b .

c .

d .

e .

f. ..

28

II Word review


argue belong crazy growing refuse rebellious trendy unique

All the same?

Although young people maya that they each have their own

b style, youth culture seems to be getting more and more similar.

Many young people c. up in the world today buy the same designer

clothes and read the same d magazines. They are e .

about the same pop stars, and all watch the same things on television, such as

MTY. They f. to the same clubs and do their shopping at the same

international stores. They may still g to do what their parents tell

them, but perhaps young people are not as h as they think.

Talk about it

Make a group of three. Choose one question and give your answer. Then ask your classmates what they would do. Take turns.

Generation gap

a. Your parents complain about the clothes you wear. They offer to pay for new clothes but say they must help you choose what to buy. What would you do?

b. You have a part-time job which you love, but your parents want you to work in their friend's company. They say it is better money and could become full-time, but you think the job is boring. What would you do?

c. On Sunday, after studying hard all week, you tell your parents you are going shopping with your friends. They get mad and tell you to stay home and study more. What would you do?

~ACTIVITY I PAGE A2

29

I Unit 5 Kids, movies, and video games 1. Describe this picture.

"There is absolutely no doubt that more violence on television results in more aggressive behavior. "

American Psychologi cal A ssociatio n, Commission on Violen ce and Youth

2. Complete this chart. Add examples for both types of violent entertainment.

Video games Movies

Tekken 3

Think about it

1. Ask and answer these questions with your partner. Check (V) your answers.

Yes No

Do you ...

DDa. like to watch violent movies?

b. play violent video games? D-D c. think media violence makes you more violen t? DD d. think media violence makes children more violent? DD

DDe. think children watch too much violence?

f. think video games for young children are too violent? DD 2. Make a group and compare your answers.

30

II :J KEY VOCABULARY SKILLS

STUDY SHEET 2, PAGE V2Vocabulary skills: Using a dictionary

l. Make a group. Check (V') the words you know. Then tell your classmates what they mean.

a. o be concerned (v) f. 0 research (v)

b. o a journalist (n) g. 0 passive (adj)

c. 0 aggression (n) h. 0 monster (n)

d. 0 separate (v) i. 0 frighten (v)

e. 0 destruction (n) j. 0 market (v)

2. Look up any words you don't know in your dictionary. For each word, note the pronunciation, the meaning, and an example sentence.

3. Use your dictionary to complete this chart.

Noun Adjective Adverb

a. b. responsibly c. d.aggression

e. f.acceptable

Predicting

1. Look at the title of the text you are going to read.

Only a game? "Kill him! Kill him!" I was watching my son play with a friend 's video gam

2. What do you think you will read about? Check (V') your answers.

a. 0 The danger of violent video games

b. 0 How companies market their games

c. 0 Popular violent movies in the U.S.

d. 0 The price of video games

e. 0 How parents can help their violent children


31

II II 12 The Daily World News-9 July

Only a game? "Kill him! Kill him!" I was watching my son play with a friend's video game. He was having fun, but there was one problem-he wasn't killing fast enough.

Most people don't seem to worry about this kind of violence. Games with a lot of killing are now acceptable for children in our society. However, as a mother, I am concerned about the violence in children's video games and movies. A few years ago, I became so concerned about it that I decided to leave my job as a journalist and spend my life researching the problem of violent children's entertainment. In my research, I have found out some very interesting things. " The first thing that I have learned

is this: while aggression is a part of human nature, violence is learned. Children learn violent behavior by copying, like they learn everything else.

The second thing that I have learned is that children under the age of eight cannot separate fact from fiction: that is why they worry about monsters under their beds. This is also the reason that children may not understand why it is acceptable for television characters to hit, kick, and shoot each other-but it is not acceptable for children to do this at school.

Hundreds of scientific studies show that viewing violence increases

violence. Researchers have found out that young children become more aggressive after playing violent video games or watching violent television programs.

This frightens me. What are we parents teaching our young children when we allow them to watch violent TV programs and play with violent toys and games?

Video games

Watching television or movie violence is harmful to children, but at least it is passive. By contrast, when children play violent video games, they actively participate in the murder and destruction. This "entertainment" teaches children that violence and destruction are fun, that shooting doesn't kill, or even hurt.

32

II

Arthur Pober, executive director of the Entertainment Software Review Board, thinks parents need to pay careful attention. "Parents have to understand what their children are doing," he says. "Certain types of entertainment are not made for children."

I agree that parents are responsible for their children's entertainment, but the problem is the companies that make these games are marketing them directly at children. I think the video game companies need to stop the marketing of violent games to young children. They should also clearly label all games with the level of violence they contain. Manufacturers must take responsibility.

Adapted from the article "Onl y a Game" by Daphne White, www.lionlamb.org

Understanding the text 1. Read these questions and write your answers.

a. What newspaper is the article from ?

b. What is she concerned about?

c. What does she say video games teach children? .

d. Who does Arthur Pober think is responsible? ..

e. Who does the writer think should be responsible? ..

2. According to the text, for each statement, write T (true) or F (false).

a. Most people think it's no problem for children to play violent video games.

b. Children copy violence they see in video games and movies.

c. Children know the difference between a game and real life.

d. Children who play violent video games are more violent themselves .

e. Playing violent video games is safer than watching violent movies.

f. Companies that make video games clearly indicate their level of violence.

3. Complete these sentences.

a. Arthur Pober thinks parents must

b. The writer wants manufacturers to stop .

and to clearly .

33

II II

'j KEY READING SKILLS Reading skills: Scanning STUDY SHEET S. PAGE RS

1. Read these questions. Then scan the text "Only a game?" and underline the words and phrases that give the answers.

a. What was the writer's job before she began her research? b. When did she leave her job? c. What two things did she find while researching into violence in games and movies? d. What is the name of the organization Arthur Pober works for? e. What is his job in the organization?

2. Read these questions. Then scan the text below to find the answers.0 3MINUTES

a. What does "NTVS" stand for?

b. What percent of television programs contain some violence?

c. What percent of violent scenes show ...

1. humor?

2. no pain?

3. no harm?

4. no blood?

5. ,

the real consequences of violence?

d. What do these numbers refer to?

1. four hours

2. twenty to twenty-five

3. 8,000

4. 100,000

What's on TV? A National Television Violence Survey (NTVS) found that 61 % of television programs contain some violence, 43% of violent scenes involve humor, 58% show no pain, 47% show no harm, 86% feature no blood. Only 16% of violent programs feature the realistic result of violent actions. American children and youths spend more than four hours a day with television, computers, videos, and video games. Saturday morning children's programs in the U.S.A. feature twenty to twenty-five acts of violence per hour. The average sixth grader has seen 8,000 murders and 100,000 acts of violence.

3. Check your answers with your partner.

34

11 Word review

Match each word in italics with a word that has a similar meaning.

The V-Chip Ever y new television in the U.S.A. now has a V-Chip. Th is is a device th at all 1. manufacturers put into their televisions . Parents can read a description of each p rogram and decide if the level of sex , violence, or bad langu age is 2 . acceptable. If th ey think a pr ogram would be 3. harmful to their ch ildren, the V-Chip 4. allows them to stop their ch ildren from w atch ing it. As children can not see th e program s, they cannot 5. copy the ba d 6. behavior the programs show. The V-Chip is becoming popu lar, and so 7. companies are beg in ning to 8 . market it in oth er parts of the world, too.

a. actions e. permits

b. bus inesses f. producers

c. dangerous g. sa tisfaetary

d. imitate h. sell

Talk about it

1. Read these opinions. Check (V') the ones you most agree with.

I th ink parents and teachers should __-, teach children that violence is wrong. Then

they will not copy what they see on TV.

We should control movies, but we don't need to worry about video games.

Video games are not dangerous. Everyone knows they are not real.

It's not TV or video games that Children will always find a cause the violence, it's the kids themselves.

way to watch what they want. Let's stop making excuses for their We can't stop them. selfish actions.


~ACTIVITY 2 PAGE A2

35

I Unit 6 Making a difference

Describe these pictures with your partner.

sick

volunteer /,vo.Ion'nr/ noun s,uo:m:e:o:n:e~W~h:O~iS~1l0~t~p:a~id~~ for the workthat theydo r-r .

./ .adj-volulltary charity /' tJrer~ t l noun

people who arepooror

---.- -=::=-tit ewen to help

moneyor g S..,l

1 the leaders of tomorrow; they can "These young people are not on y f their communities today."

. I' the development 0playa leadmg ro e in United Nations Secretary-General Kof Annan

Think about it

1. With your partner, make a list of ...

a. three reasons wh y young people may become volunteers.

b. three wa ys volunteers can help the community.

2. Make a group and share your ideas.

3. Discuss these questions.

Have you ever done any voluntary work?

Do you want to work as a volunteer in the future?

36

J KEY VOCABULARY SKILLSVocabulary skills: Connecting words STUDY SHEET 7, PAGE V7


I also but due to in addition to since so

The Duke of Edinburgh's Award

The Duke of Edinburgh 's Award began in 1956. Each year, participants between the

ages of fourteen and twenty-five complete around two million hours of voluntary

community work. It's an enjoyable and challenging opportunity for adventure. It

a allows them to learn new skills and make new friends.

In the U.K., there are around 11,000 organizations helping people take part

in the award. These include more than 200 colleges and universities,

b businesses, leisure centers, schools, youth clubs, and

voluntary youth organizations.

There are three levels: Bronze, Silver, and Gold. Each requires increasing

commitment, c. you can choose the level that is best for you.

.. . d conti dTh e award operates in SIxty countnes an continues to grow .

its popularity. Around 200,000 young people take part at anyone time. In fact,

e the award began, over three million young people have

participated. It can be a lot of fun, f. a lot of hard work, too.

Predicting

1. Look at the title of the information sheet you are going to read.

Global Youth Service Day

2. What do you think you will read about? Check (v) your answers.

a. D The problem of youth crime

b. D Ways young people can help their community

c. D How to start volunteer groups in your area

d. D The benefits of being a volunteer

e . D Employment programs to help unemployed young people


37

II

Global Youth Service Day What is Global Youth Service Day? From Argentina to Zimbabwe to India and from Russia to the United States, around the world, millions of young people are getting organized and becoming involved in voluntary projects.

Global Youth Service Day (GYSD) is the largest event in the world , involving over three million young volunteers in more than ninety-five countries. On this day, young people carry out hundreds of thousands of community improvement projects and celebration events.

• In Costa Rica-250 youth volunteers built eighteen homes in two towns.

• In Guyana-volunteers cleaned schools, fed the poor, painted road signs , and visited the elderly and disabled.

• In Russia-volunteers helped in local children's homes and picked up litter in forests .

• In the United States-400 volunteers built playgrounds in poor areas of Washington, D.C.

This day is a way for local, national , and international organizations to: • recognize the important contributions of millions of young people

worldwide. • recruit a new generation of global volunteers, willing to help serve

their community. • promote young people as resources in their communities.


l. Read these questions and write your answers.

a. What does GYSD stand for?

b. How m an y young pe opl e take pan in the event?

c. What do th ey do on GYSD?

d. What is th e main aim of GYSD ?

e. What did young pe opl e in Russia do on GYSD ?

2. Find ...

a. four things that volunteers in Gu yana did on GYSD.

1 . 3 .

2 . 4 ..

38

Why A Global Youth Service Day? The focus of GYSD is to promote "posit ive youth development ." Youth volunteering is an effective way to build strong communit ies and encourage people to respect each other.

t.t. There are few investments as effective as providing young people the opportunity to give back to their communities through voluntary service. I encourage all people and groups to take advantage of Global Youth Service Day to highlight the power of partnership between young people and adults, and between youth organizations and the public and private sectors to create healthy youth and healthy communities. "

Enrique V. Iglesias , President, Inter-American Development Bank

Anyone interested In organizing projects or getting involved in GYSD activities can receive information, posters, brochures, project ideas, and lots more by visiting the web site

www.gysd.net or e-maillng [email protected]

b. three things young volunteers probably do more than those who don't volunteer.

1 . 3 .

2.

c. four things young volunteers do less than those who don 't volunteer.

1 . 3 ..

2. 4.

d. two other special days that promote worldwide youth participation in volunteer activities.

1 . 2 ..

3. Answer these questions.

a. If you want to take part in GYSD, how can you contact them? b. What will you receive?

39

II Reading skills: Identifying text organization j Ks~~D~Es~~~6~ P~~~LR~S

1. Read this passage from the information sheet Global Youth Service Day.

Research shows that young people who join volunteer groups are more likely to vote, participate in local organizations, and give to charity. In addition, young volunteers have higher educational and economic achievement. Likewise, young people who volunteer are fifty percent less likely to abuse drugs and alcohol, go to jail, or drop out of school.

2. Decide how the passage is organized. Then underline the words that helped you make your decision.

a. Time order b. Description c. Comparison / contrast d. Cause / effect e. Listing

3. Read this text and then answer the questions below.

Time out There is no doubt that the environment has suffered a lot due to humankind's exploitation of the Earth's natural resources. Many young people want to help repair the damage, and so there are many environmental or conservation projects that you can join for a few weeks, months, or even a whole year.

Because this work is voluntary, you won't get paid. Also, in order to keep expenses down, you will have to pay for your travel and insurance. Accommodation and meals are provided, but you must pay something towards the costs. As the work can be hard, you need to be physically fit. Previous experience or skills are not required, because training will be given. Most of these projects are only possible because of the volunteers' help .

a. How are most of the sentences in the text organized? .

b. How many words or phrases can you find that help you identify the text organization? .

c. Write the words and phrases.

40

II Word review

For each word in italics, choose the word or phrase below that has a similar meaning.

The Guardian Angels Not all youth gangs are bad. People who volunteer to a. join the Guardian Angels want to protect the b. public and keep the streets safe. They work with the police to c. organize safety patrols in dangerous areas. They are also d. willing to give advice to young people, and teach them to e. respect themselves and others. Some Guardian Angels are ex-gang members. They hope their example will f. encourage many young people to stay out of g. jail and h. improve their lives.

a. l. become a member of 2. like b. l. country 2. community c. l. create 2. coordinate d. l. prepared 2. paid e. l. help 2. value f. l. persuade 2. force g. l. trouble 2. prison h. l. make better 2. change

Talk about it

1. Read these opinions. Which one do you most agree with?

a. Volunteering is a great thing to do. All students should have to volunteer for something. This would teach young people the importance of respect and our society would be safer.

b. I don't agree that young people should work for free just because they are young. If the work they do is important, the government should pay .them for what they do .

c. Rather than have young people work as volunteers, why doesn't the government pay unemployed people to do the work? This would reduce unemployment and benefit communities a lot more.

2. Make a group and compare your ideas.

~ACTIVITY 3 PAGE A2

41

II A mysterious world Describe these pictures with your partner.

I can see ...

I think this might be . . .

It looks like ...

42

KEY READING SKILLSPreview STUDY SHEET I, PAGE RI



Unit 7

Unit 8

Unit 9


a. Many people believe that UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects) are visitors from outer space. Do you think we sometimes have visitors from outer space?

b. There are over a thousand stone circles throughout the British Isles and Northern France. The largest is Avebury, covering over twenty-eight acres. However, nobody really knows why these stone circles were built.

c. The Great Pyramid is the only one of the seven wonders of the ancient world that still survives today. It has remained a mystery for over 4,500 years, and scientists are still trying to uncover its secrets.


43


II Pyramids and the Mummy's Curse

. yet timeMan fears nme. fears the pyramids. rb

Arab prove Pyramid fast facts Did you know that the Great Pyramid was originally covered with shiny, polished stone? It shone like a star in the desert. Unfortunately, local residents in the fourteenth century removed these stones to build their houses in nearby Cairo.

Mysteriously, the top of the pyramid is flat. The final "capstone" is missing. Perhaps it was never finished , or maybe the capstone was made of gold and taken by thieves. But how?


Think about it

1. With your partner, guess the correct number to complete each sentence.

I 0.02 145.75 2.3 2550 2.5 229

a. The Great Pyramid was built around the year ....... B.C.

b. It is made of about ....... million limestone blocks.

c. The average weight of each block is ....... tons, although some blocks weigh seventy tons!

d. Originally meters high, it was the tallest structure on earth for over 430 years.

e. Each side is meters, and the shape and angles are almost perfect.

f. Between all of the outside stones, there is a space of exactly millimeters, filled with a glue stronger thanstone.


44

II KEY VOCABULARY SKILLS

STUDY SHEET 10, PAGE VI0 Vocabulary skills: Words with different meanings

Read these texts. Then for each word in italics, choose which meaning is used here.

Why build a pyramid? Building a pyramid was a a. central part of the kings work and the b. duty of his people. The ancient Egyptians believed that after a king died, he would live forever in the heavens and watch over their society. A pyramid was the c. means by which the dead Pharaoh would successfully go into the afterlife . The location of the pyramids, and their internal hallways and rooms, were designed to match th e location of important stars in the heavens.

a. 1. essential 2. middle b. 1. obligation 2. tax c. 1. income 2. way

Sun Boat Found in 1954 near the south side of the Great Pyramid, the Sun Boat was perhaps used to carry the d. body of Khufu in his e. last journey on earth before being buried inside the Great Pyramid. It may also have provided a f. method of transportation in his afterlife journey.

d. 1. corpse 2. organization e. 1. final 2. previous f. 1. technique 2. mode

A big job Experts estimate that the Great Pyramid took 20,000 workers about twenty years to build. However, exactly how they built the pyramid is a mystery. One g. popular theory is that mud was piled around the pyramid to make it easier to h. drag or push each i. block into place. Others say the pyramids are so perfect that they were built using technology we don't have today. Some even say that perhaps the pyramids were made by aliens.

g. 1. well-liked 2. common h. 1. pull 2. go slowly i. 1. group of buildings 2. large piece of stone

Predicting

1. You are going to read a short story about an Egyptian mummy's curse. With your partner, look at these words and try to guess the story.

mummy case I buy I accident I unexpected I photographer I British Museum I Titanic

2. Read the text. Was your story similar?

4S

II II

The Mummy's Curse •

A friend told me this story a few years ago. At the time , 1 was reading a book about the pyramids in Egypt. My friend asked if I knew about the Mummy's Curse. I didn't, so he told me. This is what he said:

Back in 1910, an Englishman named Douglas Murray was in the U.S.A. doing research about ancient Egypt. That was his job . He was a professor. At that time , a very ill-looking American offered to sell Murray a mummy case, with th e body insid e. The man said that the mummy was the body of an ancient Egyptian high priestess of the temple of Amrnon-Ra, from about 1600 B.C. The man did not explain how he had gotten the mummy. But Murray thought it was a great opportunity for study. Murray bought the mummy. The American was dead only hours later.

Murray read about the mummy in a book. He learned that the ancient high priestess was part of a group called the Cult of the Dead. The group believed in one central idea: they considered it their duty to bring death and destruction to everyone they met. Murray read that when scientists moved the heavy blocks to enter the high priestess's burial place , they discovered writing on the wall-warnings of death and terror for anyone who disturbed her resting place. Murray didn 't believe the story of the curse. He prepared to take the mummy back to England. But a few days later, he had a shooting accident. The wound became strangely infected , and a doctor cut Murray's arm off at the elbow.

When Murray eventually returned to England, during the voyage, two of his Egyptian servants mysteriously died. They were young, strong, healthy men, so their deaths came very unexpectedly. Later, as Murray was examining the carved image of the priestess on the side of the case, he said that "the face seemed to come alive with a stare that chilled me to the bone."

Murray decided he didn't want the mummy case any longer. He sold it to a woman he knew. Within weeks, the woman 's mother died , her lover left her, and she became very ill. Murray told her to take the mummy case and gave it to the British Museum. The museum photographer died while photographing it, and the man in charge of the exhibit was soon found dead also. The museum decided they didn't want the mummy case, and they sold it to a New York museum. That was the last time the mummy was seen. It was sent to the U.S.A. on a ship. The "Titanic."

I don't know if I believe this story, but some of the facts are true, that's for sure .

Ada pted from "Mummy Curses: ' www.theshadowlands.net

46

II Understanding the text 1. Read these questions and write your answers.

a. What year does the story begin?

b. Where was Douglas Murray when he bought the mummy case?

c. What happened to the man who sold it to him?

d. Whose body was the mummy?

e. How many people died before the mummy was put on the Titanic?

1. four 2. five 3. six 4. seven

2. For each statement write T (true), F (false), or NS (not sure). Then compare answers with your partner.

a. This is a true story.

b. The woman Murray sold the mummy to caught the same disease as the American who sold the mummy.

c. Murray wasn't worried when he first heard who the mummy was.

d The New York museum knew of the mummy's curse.

e. The mummy never arrived in New York.

3. Do you believe this story is true? Tell your partner.

47

II o k011 S d d· ~ KEY READING SKILLSRead Ing S I S: pee rea mg STUDY SHEET 10. PAGE RIO

1. <3 Read this story quickly. Time yourself.

Number of words: 295 / Time: ..

The curse of Tutankhamen? In 1922, Englishman Howard Carter found the tomb of an Egyptian king named Tutankhamen . Some reports say that above th e entrance to the tomb, a curse was written: "Death sha ll come on swift wings to him who disturbs the peace of the king." Carter ignored the curse. He and his friend Lord Carnarvon entered the tomb. They found an amazing collection of treasure, and three mummies.

A few months later, Lord Carnarvon, fifty-seven, became ill and died. The doctor did not know the exact cause of his death, but said perhaps it was from an infection started by an insect bite. Some say that the when he died, there was a short power outage-all of the lights throughout Cairo went out. At his home back in England, his favorite dog howled and dropped dead.

Even more strange, when the mummy of Tutankhamen was unwrapped in 1925, it was found to have a wound on the left cheek in exactly the same position as Carnarvon's insect bite.

Reporters quickly developed the story. By 1935 , they claimed that twenty-one deaths were due to the "Mummy's Curse." However, according to Herbert E. Winlock, the director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, by 1934 only eight people directly connected to the tomb had died. Indeed, Howard Carter, the man who actually opened the tomb, lived to 66 before dying of natural causes.

But perhaps some connection did exist. In 1999, a German scientist suggested that the deaths were possibly caused by mold-extremely small, dangerous growths that can survive for thousands of years even in a dark, dry tomb. For this reason, archeologists now wear special masks and gloves when unwrapping a mummy.

2. Make a list of everything you can remember. Do not look at the story. When you are ready, compare lists with your partner.

48

Word review


.In

to stay away. They hid the

mysteriously ancient curse discovered disturbed opportunity prepared warning

Hidden treasure

The people who built the a .

id . t bpyrarru s somenmes wro e a v

stone at the entrance. This was a c

Pharaoh's treasure in secret rooms and d a number of false rooms

to trick people if the pyramid was e However, this didn't work,

and the treasure in most pyramids disappeared long ago. The Great Pyramid was

also empty. Yet f. , there is no evidence of any robbers. Where

could the magnificent treasure of King Khufu be? In 1993, Rudolf Gantenbrink

g a secret door near the Queen's Chamber. What's behind the

door? Soon, explorers hope to have the h to find out.

Talk about it

1. Read these opinions. Check (V") the ones you most agree with.

The pyramids should be closed to tourists. They need to be preserved by experts

who appreciate them.

It's amazing the Egyptians could build things we can't copy today. They were either very smart or they had some help from aliens.


~ACTIVITY I PAGE AJ

49

II Unit 8 Why did they do that? 1. Describe these pictures with your partner.

a. The Terracotta Army b. Stonehenge r--------------~~

c. The Nazca lines d. Statues on Easter Island

2. Choose one place that you would like to visit. Tell your partner and explain why.

Think about it

1. Tell your partner anything you know about these places. Make notes.

2. Share your information with your classmates.

50

I ) KEY VOCABULARY SKILLSVocabulary skills: Synonyms STUDY SHEET 5, PAGE V5

1. Match each word on the left with its synonym on the right.

a. huge ring b. built marvelous c. stage technique d. method historic e. function phase f. fantastic use g. circle constructed ''I

h. ancient enormous

2. Read these texts. Match each word in italics with its synonym below.

The Terracotta Army In 1974, a secret army of over 7,000 life-sized clay soldiers was discov ered. The clay soldiers were in the tomb of Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. The walls of the tomb were 1. lined with copper, and it was full of 2. precious obje cts. The tomb was five kilometers wide and took 700,000 workers around thirty-six years to 3. complete. Each clay soldier was 4. individually carv ed. They were put in the tomb to 5. guard the Emperor in the afterlife.

Easter Island Easter Island, in th e South Pacific, is 6 . famous for its 887 stone statues. Mad e around A.D. '1200- 1600, they are from one meter to over ten meters tall and weigh up to eighty-two tons. They were probably made to show political and spiritual power. But how these huge stones were lifted up the hills is a m yste ry. The islanders believed that the statues walked up the hills. However, 7. modern researchers think that the statues were moved using logs and ropes. The 8. problem with this idea is that there are no trees on the island. One 9. theory is that over time, islanders made so many statues that they destroyed all the trees.

a. ........ .. contemporary d. .......... protect g. .......... well-known

b. ......... . covered e. .......... separately h. .......... difficulty

c. .......... valuable f. .......... finish i. .......... explanation

Predicting

1. You are going to read a letter by someone who visited Stonehenge. Before you read, guess the answers to these questions with your partner.

a. Wh o built it? b. Why was it built? c. When was it built?


51

II

January 23

Dear Helen}

what aJreat trip!(m in E11!Jlandnow. YesterdajJ we went to Stonehe11!Je} in wiltshire. Its amazl'nj. There are lots ofandent stones} allsizes} some really

hUJe} in rt'njsandhorseshoe shapes. Wehada ledure on it before we went. I knowyoure dOl'nj a report on d nowfor school, soheres some info:

It was budt in three staJesbeJinl1l'nj around5,000years aJo, andthe enormous inner rt'nj ofstones dates back toaround 1500 B.C. The ledurer said people dt'c/n t write in those days} so we don t know how it was used. He sal'c/ that in the 18th centuYjJ people thouJht it was a temple for a reltjiousJroup} It'ke the ancientDruids. I rememberyou studt'edthe Druids in class} dt'c/n}tyou? But he sal'c/ that modern daft'nj methods show that it was completedat least 1,000 years before the Drul'c/s.

There is nosijn ofhumans everIt'Vl'nj here} hesaid. But because there are around 400 burialmounds nearbjJ perhaps it was seen as a Itnk toanother

worlti the key to Itfe after death. Hmm. Now that wouldbe useful!

I remember thatyou sal'c/ that its fundion hadsomethl'nj todo with the stars} andJuess what-he aJreed! He Sat'c/ that the stones may have been used as a sort ofcalendar topredtd the movement ofthe sun andthe moon} andany

ecltfses. On the 1011!Jest dayoftheyear (called thesummer solstice) from the centerofthe cird«you can seethe sun riseover a hUJe stone. Its fve meters hijh} called the Heel stone. Fantastic!

Anyw~ I thouJht it wasJreat. Hope this lnformation he~s withyour report. C;ood luck'!

Seeyou when IJet back.

Love, . SeY'!JlO

52

B Understanding the text


a. Who wrote the letter?

b. Which country is he visiting?

c. Who is he writing to?

d. What is he writing about?

e. Where did h e get his information?

2. For each statement, write T (true) or F (false).

a. The inner ring of stones was built around 5,000 years ago .

b. We don't know much about it because all the written records were destroyed.

c. Some people lived there many years ago.

d. Many people were buried nea r Stonehenge.

e. The stones may have been used as a calendar.

3. The letter gives three theories about why Stonehenge was built. What are they? Make notes.

First Theory Second Theory Third Theor y

4. Compare your notes with your partner. Then close your books and tell your partner everything you can remember.

53

.. KEY READING SKILLSReading skills: Scanning STUDY SHEET S. PAGE R5I I

1. Read these questions. Then scan the letter about Stonehenge and underline the words and phrases that give the answers.

a. Where in England is Stonehenge?

b. Who were the Druids?

c. How many burial mounds are nearby?

d. How high is the Heel Stone?

e. What do these numbers refer to? 1. 5,000 2. 1500 3. 1,000

2. Read these questions. Then scan this text to find the answers. Time yourself. 0 3MINUTES

a. Where are the Nazca lines? b. What are they? c. How many animal figures are there? d. How old are the most recent lines? e. How can the figures be seen? f. Who made the lines? g. Give five possible reasons why the lines were made.

Nazca lines One of the most amazing mysteries on earth can be found in the desert of southwest Peru. Here, enormous shapes, complex patterns and thousands of perfectly straight lines are cut into the desert's surface. They are known as the Nazca lines and they cover 500 square kilometers. There are about fifty animal figures up to 275 meters long, including a monkey, a spider, and an "owl man ." The last of these lines were drawn about 1,000 years ago. More amazing is the fact that they can only be viewed from the air. Some people believe the Nazca Indians were somehow able to fly, perhaps in balloons. Others say the lines were landing areas for alien spaceships, or perhaps an enormous map of the stars. Maybe the lines were to carry water for farming, or were used as a calendar. Perhaps they were sacred roads to walk along ona religious journey. The only thing that is certain is that the Nazca lines remain one of the world's most fascinating unsolved mysteries .


54

Word review


The lost city Petra, in southern Jordan, is an 1. amazing ancient city. Its buildings and 2. temples were cut out of solid rock 3. dating back 2,000 years. Because it is hidden deep in the mountains, for 700 years very few people knew Petra existed. Although there were 4. reports of a lost city in the area, no one could find it. Spread over 400 square miles, the 5. enormous city of Petra was built in several 6. stages. It has many marvelous tombs, but no one knows what their

7. function was. Nobodies were ever found there! Thanks to its discovery in 1812, Petra is now a popular tourist attraction and a 8. fantastic place to visit.

a. excellent

b. with an age of

c. huge

d. phases

e. purpose

f. religious places

g. remarkable

h. rumors

Talk about it

1. Think of two ancient places of interest in your country. Why are they interesting? Make notes.

Ancient treasures 0(,... ,. ,. ,. (counby)

Places o(interest Reasons to visit

2. Make a group and share your ideas.

~ACTIVITY 2 PAGE A3

55

I Unit 9 Believe it or not


Think about it

1. Match the phrases to make sentences.

a. Bigfoot is a huge, hairy, human-like animal

b. Atlantis is an ancient lost city under the sea

c. The Bermuda Triangle is a place where ships and planes often go missing

2. Match each sentence with a picture above.

thought to be somewhere in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.

between the Caribbean, the U.S.A., and Puerto Rico.

seen mostly in remote places in North America, Russia, and China.

3. Tell your partner what you know about these things.

56

KEY VOCABULARY SKILLS STUDY SHEET 8. PAGE V8Vocabulary skills: Prefixes

1. Match each prefix on the left with a word on the right.

a. dis appearance b. un ordinary c. un regular d. extra explained e. ir predictable

2. Add a prefix to give each word the opposite meaning.

...... agree credible known

....... ...fortunate ly true appeared

3. Use the new words above to complete this text.

An old story says that the a city of Atlantis-built on an island

- was the home of a great empire that ruled the Mediterranean and parts of

Europe and Africa. b , huge earthquakes and floods destroyed

Atlantis and it c beneath the sea in a single da y.

Some scientists say that the story is simply d and is not based on

facts . Other scientists, however, e with that view. These

scientists say -th at they have discovered evidence that was f. until

recently of a gigantic volcanic eruption in the Aegean sea in about 1500 B.C. It

was possibly the most powerful explosion ever on earth. Even today, the search

for the lost city of Atlantis continues.

Predicting

1. Look at the title of the article you are going to read.

The Bermuda Triangle-a modern mystery

2. What do you think you will read about? Check (V) your answers.

a. D Some examples of mysterious events in the Bermuda Triangle

b. D Various mysterious events around the world

c. D Other areas like the Bermuda Trian gle

d. D An interview with an expert on modern mysteries

e. D The history of the Bermuda Triangle


57

II

Mystery Monthly, Issue 390

The Bermuda Triangle-a modern mystery The Bermuda Triangle-sometimes called the Devil's Triangle-is an area between Bermuda, Florida, and Puerto Rico. It is well-known for the unexplained disappearance of several hundred ships, aircraft, and people. In most cases, the victims have vanished without warning in seconds, and often in perfect weather conditions. Wreckage and bodies are almost never recovered.

Strange events in the area go as far back as Christopher Columbus, who in 1492, saw extraordinary lights in the sky there. Yet it wasn't until 1964 that the name "Bermuda Triangle" was first used, in an article published in the magazine "Argosy."

In 1918, the U.S. l\Javy ship "Cyclops," and all 300 people on board, disappeared completely. In 1941, two more U.S. ships, the "Proteus" and the "Nereus," both vanished traveling from the Virgin Islands to the U.S.A. Many other vessels have been lost, including the nuclear-powered submarine "Scorpion" with a crew of ninety-nine, which disappeared in 1968.

But perhaps the most famous of all disappearances is Flight 19. In 1945, five U.S. Navy planes and their fourteen crewmen vanished. A rescue plane sent to find them vanished, too. Much larger aircraft also have disappeared, like a Super Constellation in 1954 with fortytwo passengers aboard and an enormous eight-engine B-52 bomber in 1961. An Air Force KB-50 tanker with

39

' ...

· · · · ·, _1 -

· · " .

ATLANTIC OCEAN

eight crew vanished in 1962. There are many theories about why

so many planes and ships have been lost in this area. It is known that compasses in this region often give false or irregular readings because of natural changes in the earth's magnetic field. This can lead to human error. This also happens in an area named the "Devil's Sea" by Japanese and Filipino seamen, off the east coast of Japan. This area also is famous for disappearances of ships and planes.

In addition, the weather in the Bermuda Triangle can be very unpredictable, and thunderstorms are a hazard.

However, many of the disappearances happen very suddenly. Some people suggest weird forces such as alien abductions and time warps in the skies. Others say the lost city of Atlantis is in the region and this has a mysterious power that causes the disasters. Whatever the cause, one thing is certain: the Bermuda Triangle remains a great modern mystery.

58

-Understanding the text


a. When was the name "Bermuda Triangle" first used?

b. What other name is sometimes used?

c. Where is the Bermuda Triangle?

d. What is it famous for?

e. What did Christopher Columbus see there in 1492?


a. When did the "Cyclops " disappear? 1. 1961 2. 1918 3. 1941 4. 1968

b. How many planes disappeared on Flight 19? 1. four 2. one 3. three 4. five

c. What kind of vehicle was the "Scorpion"? 1. a plane 2. a ship 3. a submarine 4. a UFO

d. Where was the "Proteus" traveling from when it vanished? 1. the U.S.A. 2. the Virgin Islands 3. Bermuda 4. the Philippines

e. How many possible explanations are given for these events? 1. four 2. five 3. six 4. seven

3. Complete this chart with details of the various explanations for the Bermuda Triangle.

Natural explanations Supernatural explanat ions

4. Make a group. Decide which explanations you think are possible. Then tell your classmates.

59

,.dl k "11 Id 'fy' h . ~, ...J KEY READING SKILLSRea mg 5 I 5: enn mg t e topic r STUDYSHEET4,PAGER4

1. Look again at the text "The Bermuda Triangle-a modern mystery." Match each paragraph with a heading below.

a. First paragraph Background to the mystery b. Second paragraph Supernatural explanations c. Third paragraph What is the Bermuda Triangle? d. Fourth paragraph Weather conditions e. Fifth paragraph Vanishing aircraft f. Sixth paragraph Ships disappear at sea g. Final paragraph Are magnetic fields the cause?

2. Read this article and choose the best headline.

Bigfoot, Sasquatch, Yeti, the

Abominable Snowman-these

are all names used for a huge

human-like animal. The story

of a wild ape-man is common

all around the world, from

North America to Vietnam and

China. Scientists have

discovered old bones and

teeth which show that around

300,000 to 500,000 years ago,

a large ape-man did indeed

exist. Could such creatures

still be alive? The most

famous evidence is a short

film of a large hairy animal

taken in 1967, in California, by

Roger Patterson and Bob

Gimlin. The film has never

been proven to be fake.

a. Discovery of the century! b. Film of human-like animal may be true c. Extinct animals increasing d. Chinese mystery still unsolved e. Scientists find large primate

60

Word review


Roswell In July, 1947, something a. extraordinary happened close to Roswell, New Mexico. A local farmer saw a strange b. aircraftcrash near his house. He said he found som e weird c. wreckage. Soon police and army arrived and took everything away. The U.S. government first said it was an d. alien spaceship, but later reported that all they e. recovered was a weather balloon. Many people believe that the U.S. government found a UFO together with its f. crew. Since then, many people say they have seen g. mysterious aircraft nearby. The Area 51 military test ground is now h. well-known for this mystery. Did a UFO really crash there?

a. 1. great 2. very surprising b. 1. ship 2. plane c. 1. remains 2. survivors d. 1. extraterrestrial 2. expensive e. 1. bought 2. found f. 1. pilots 2. engine g. 1. large 2. unexplained h. 1. famous for 2. investigating

Talk about it .

1. Read these statements. Check (V) your opinion.

Yes Maybe No

a. There was once an ancient city called Atlantis. D D D b. The Bermuda Triangle is dangerous. D D D c. Aliens have visited Earth . D D D d. A large human-like animal such as Bigfoot really exists. D D D e. I don't bel ieve any of it. It' s all nonsense . D D D f. People who write about th ese things just want to D D D

get rich.


~ACTIVITY 3 PAGE A3

61

I Playing with nature 1. Look at these pictures. Choose one

and describe it with your partner.


What can you see?) - ..,------"

I

,W here is this?)

"I think this is ... /

"We're all of us guinea pigs in the laboratory of God '.

. . st a work mHumanity IS JU

progress.'williams Camino Real (1953) ' Tennessee '

62

KEY READING SKILLS STUDY SHEET I. PAGE RIPreview



Unit 10

Unit 11

Unit 12


a. A company called Monsanto is one of the largest producers of genetically modified (GM) crops. It spends over $600 million a year on research and development.

b. Dolly the sheep is one of the most famous animals in the world. She was the first clone of a large, adult animal.

c. It is becoming routine for both men and women to take advantage of modern surgery to "improve" their appearance.


63

Unit 10 Human cloning


Clone/kloun/ nounan exact copy ofan animalorplant created in a laboratory from the animalor plant's DNA: The new lawwould make it illegal toproduce a humanclone. , I" ' I un a chemical

DNA I,di: en el no d tn the ceUs of all t\ at is toun 1

\ substance I d nlains geneticliving things, an co Iinformation

.-

genome /'d3i:noom/ noun the complete set ofgenes in a livingthing: thehumsn r genome ...

"The fuss about cloning is rather silly. I can't see any essential distinction between cloning and producing brothers and sisters in the [usual] wa y."

Stephen Hawking

"At present, there is no way to predict whether a ... clone will develop into a normal or abnormal individual,"

Rudolf [aenisch,Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology

2. With your partner, ask and answer questions about the information above.

Think about it

1. Discuss these questions with your partner.

a. Why do some parents want to have a cloned baby? b . Would you want to have a cloned baby? c. Would you want to be a clone? d. Think of three reasons why some people are against human cloning. e. Think of three reasons why some people are in favor of human cloning. f. What's your opinion on human cloning?


64

Vocabulary skills: Recognizing parts of speech KE1-i~~~~~Tlf~rG~~~LLS

1. Read this text. Write the part of speech of the words in italics.

Genetic modification For centuries, humans have a. modified animals by using their b. genes. It's simple: if you want bigger cows, put your biggest male cow with your biggest female cow. To make a faster horse, put your fastest male horse with a fast female horse. Now, after many c. generations, lots of animals are very d. different from in the past. But scientists have begun to e . change animals f. genetically. They g. artificially put new genes into animals to improve them. In 1997, British scientists announced that they had h. cloned a sheep, named Dolly. In August 200 I, a team of re searchers told the world they were about to i. reproduce a human-by cloning-for the first time in history.

a . d . g .

b . e . h.

c .. f. . i.

2. Read this text. In this extract from a novel, a couple called Curtis and Melissa are going to have a cloned child. Using a computer, they are deciding how they want their cloned child, called Alice, to look and behave.

21st Century Which one will become the real Alice? They had looked at descriptions of the genes of eighty-four girls, and from the list, chose their two favorites. Now they needed to decide which of the two would be cloned to create their daughter. The computer said that both sets of genes were expected to create a girl with a good temperament and a strong chances of being happy. Both girls would be conscientious, be assertive but not over-aggressive, and have an outgoing personality. In addition, both would have above-average talents in both music and intelligence. The main difference between the two choices was physical appearance. The picture of number 43 had a chin, nose, and eyes that made her resemble her father. Curtis liked this. But Melissa thought that number 17 would be prettier. Melissa and Curtis finally made their choice, and nine months later, they shared in the thrill of the birth of their baby girl-a real-life Alice.

3. Write n (noun), adj (adjective), or v (verb) next to each word from the text above.

a. conscientiousness c... aggressive e thrill

b temperament d assertive f. .. resemble

65

Predicting

1. The novel is called "Remaking Eden-Cloning and Beyond in a Brave New World." You are going to read more. What do you think the writer predicts about cloning in the future? Check (V) Yes or No.

Yes No

a. Society will become divided between cloned and non-cloned humans. DD b. There will be a war between the two groups. DD c. Humans will take genes from other animals and plants, too. DO d . Cloned humans will go to live on other planets. DD e. A gene will be developed that will let humans live for hundreds of years. DD

2. Read this text and check your predictions.

23rd Century It had been three hundred years since genetic modification of humans began. During that time, twelve generations of GenRich humans had lived and reproduced. With each generation, it became possible to start with a gene that had already been improved and make it even better. And with each generation, an increase in medical understanding and genetic technology allowed more complex changes.

Although the initial focus was on physical and mental health, it shifted quickly to personality, thinking skills, and athletic and artistic ability. Different changes were chosen for different GenRich children. The differences between the GenRich and Naturals increased a lot. It wasn't only in their genes, but in every other aspect of their lives and communities and, most important, in the amount of money they had.

-

26th Century Earth became so crowded that GenRich parents decided to give their children special genetic changes to help them survive on planets where Naturals would die instantly. They used genes from various creatures living in difficult conditions on Earth and genes from plants.

The new era of exploration began when communities built homes at the edge of the ice-covered northern polar cap of Mars.Their lungs had been genetically changed so that they could breathe, and their skin was thick and green. They barely resembled the Naturals.

As Earth's population continued to increase, other types of GenRich groups moved to other planets. They continued to use genetic engineering to improve the ability of their own children to survive on their chosen worlds.

66

- -

-1m

27th Century In the twenty-seventh century, it became possible to travel huge distances in space. This was thanks to genetic modifications that slowed the aging process. Children born with the AGEBUSTER gene could live for hundreds of years, perhaps longer, with healthy minds and bodies. Like young explorers throughout human history, they said goodbye to their families knowing they would never see them again. They boarded huge nuclear-powered spaceships that were like cities. Then they traveled to planets discovered by astronomers in nearby solar systems.

-Adapted from Lee M. Silver;"Remaking Eden-Cloning and Beyond in a Brave New World."


a. Where are these extracts from? .

b. Who is the author?

c. What were genetically improved people called? .

d. Why did parents give their children special genetic imp rovements?

e. Name three ways the GenRich humans on Mars differed from Naturals.

1 .

2.

3 .


a. GenRich people were poorer and had fewer advantages than Naturals.

b. GenRich people used genes from other animals and plants.

c. With a special gene, GenRich humans could live twice as long as at present.

d. Because of overcrowding on Earth, Naturals decided to live on other planets.

e. Genetic modification of humans began in the twenty-third century.

3. Number the events in order.

a. Genes from animals and plants are used to help people survive on other planets.

b. Genetic modification of humans begins.

c. Genetically modified humans move to other planets.

d. The difference between GenRich humans and Naturals increases.

e. Twelve generations of GenRich children develop their genes.

67

~ KEY READING SKILLSReading skills: Understanding the main idea STUDY SHEET 7, PAGE R7

1. The novel is about human cloning. Which one of the following best gives the main idea for each extract? Check (V') your answers.

a. 23rd Century

1. D Genetic modification begins to affect all aspects of human development.

2. D Genetic modification causes a division in human society.

3. D GenRich people become richer than Naturals.

b. 26th Century

1. D GenRich people change so much that they no longer look like Naturals.

2. D GenRich people move to Mars due to overcrowding on Earth.

3. D GenRich groups leave Earth and develop genes to live in different climates.

c. 27th Century

1. D Genetically modified humans travel to far-off worlds.

2. D Humans live on huge spaceships as big as cities.

3. D GenRich people are able to live for hundreds of years.

2. Decide if the main idea of each of these statements is in favor of or against human cloning. Write F (in favor of) or A (against).

a. We could use human clones to develop cures for diseases .

b. Research shows that many clones will be terribly deformed.

c. We have no idea of the long-term effects of cloning, or if clones can reproduce successfully through many generations.

d. Human cloning is very dangerous for the mother, who may have several unsuccessful births and even be in danger herself.

e. Cloning could lead to more intelligent children.

f. Clones might be produced for certain functions-to be soldiers or even slaves.

g. Cloning might cause genetic problems. We know so little about the process, that the mix of genes we create could change or even hurt the whole human race.

h. Couples who cannot have children of their own could do so through cloning.

i. Couples who are in danger of having a child with a genetic defect may use cloning to give birth to a healthy child.

j. The objections to heart transplants and test-tube babies are the same as for cloning, yet they are accepted by society.

3. Compare answers with your partner.

68

Word review


cloning complex era exploration generations initial process reproduce

CLONAID

The a technology to clone humans is here today. CLONAID-the

first company in the world to offer human cloning-is owned by a religious

organization called "The Raelian Movement. " They believe that aliens created

life on Earth. People who want to b themselves must pay

$200,000. "I don't see any ethical problems," says Scientific Director Dr. Brigitte

Boisselier. She claims that c interest is very high, and promises

human d will begin as soon as possible. Some say this

e will begin a new f. of human g .

Others say it will change us and future h forever.

Talk about it

1. Read these opinions. Check (V") the ones you most agree wit

Cloning is fine if it helps couples that have no hope

of having children.

It will be only for the rich. Companies are doing this

I'd love to be cloned and for money.

watch a copy of myself growing up!

69


~ACTIVITY I PAGE A4

II Unit 11 Plastic surgery 1. Read this information.

People ha ve cosmeticsurgery to

change their appearance.

People have reconstructive surgery to

rebuild their body after an accident. The word plastic in plastic surgery comes from the ancient Greek word plastikos, which means "to

what we are, but "Lordl We know sr

ot what we may be. know n William Shakespeare, Homlet

mold or give form."


Think about it


a. Would you consider having cosmetic surgery? b. Do you know anyone who has had cosmetic surgery? c. Do you think cosmetic surgery is safe? d. Why do people have cosmetic surgery? e. Can you name three famous people who have had cosmetic surgery?


70

iii ,

Vocabulary skills: Word groups J KErT~~;~~~~~15EKJ~LS

1. Put these words in groups.

embarrassed facelift insecure liposuction miserable nose nose reshaping self-conscious thighs waist worried

People's feelings Types of cosmetic surgery Parts of the body

2. Read this text.

Cosmetic surgery According to a survey by "Top Sante Health & Beauty Magazine," eighty-five percent of British women are unhappy with their shape and up to two-thirds want to improve their bodies by cosmetic surgery. Fifty-five percent of the 3,000 women interviewed said they would like liposuction, and nineteen percent wanted facelifts.

While forty percent of women who have had cosmetic surgery reported the results were not as good as they had hoped, three-quarters said it had improved their lives and thirty-seven percent said they would do it again.

3. Find ...

a. two types of cosmetic surgery. b. five statistics expressed as percentages. c. two statistics expressed as fractions.

Predicting

1. You are going to read a letter to a magazine problem page. It was written by the ex-boyfriend of a woman who decided to have cosmetic surgery.

a. What cosmetic surgery do you think she had? b. Do you think the operation was a success? c. Who do you think was happiest, her or her boyfriend? d. What do you think happened afterwards? e. Do you think the relationship got better or worse?


71

II

I am the ex-boyfriend of a woman who had liposuction on her thighs. Julie and I were together for five years, and she was my true love. She was sweet, smart, and funny. I thought her body was perfect, and I loved her. But she was extremely self-conscious about her thighs. She felt they were too big.

For the first year we were together, she didn't want me to see her thighs. She would always wrap a towel around her waist when we went to the beach. Buying clothes was a nightmare for her, and no matter how many people told her she looked great, she was always miserable about her thighs.

As soon as she found out about liposuction, she wanted the operation. I supported her because I thought it would stop her feeling so worried about herself. She was so excited.

After the surgery, I couldn't see that much of a difference, but she was delighted. She was quite bruised for a time, but her state of mind was so terrific that she ignored the discomfort. She stopped feeling embarrassed about her thighs. She started playing beach volleyball again after only eight weeks and wore the tightest clothes.

But soon she started feeling insecure about another part of her body-she kept saying her nose was too big. That's when I knew that we were dealing with a larger issue than just round thighs.

I urged her to talk to a doctor about her feelings, not just about her body. I thought that it was not normal to let a part of her body cause her to be so sad. She refused, saying her problems would be solved with a nose reshaping. That's why we broke up. I couldn 't believe that such a smart woman would fall victim to society's demands for a "perfect" body. After all, isn't there more to life that that?

TOm, Texas, U5.A.

MEN TODAY, ISSUE 354 83

Adapted from WvVW.talksurgerycom

72



a. Who wrote the letter?

b. What is the name of his ex-girlfriend?

c. What operation did she have?

d. How did she feel after the operation?

e. What part of her body did she start worrying about next?

f. What did Tom want Julie to discuss with her doctor?


a. Tom and Julie went out for five years.

b. Tom didn't reall y like Julie's body, but he loved her, so he didn 't mind .

c. Julie was nervous before her operation.

d. She was in some pain afterwards.

e. Soon after the operation, she started to want to have another.

3. Read the statements. Decide which person each one refers to. Write T (Tom) or J (Julie).

a. ....... ... Cosmetic surgery isn't the answer. Happiness is a state of mind .

b. ........ . . There 's more to life than having a perfect body.

c. .......... It's great that surgery can help people feel good about themselves.

d. ......... . The benefits of surgery are worth the discomfort .

e . ....... ... I don't want to feel self-conscious about my body.

f. ... .... ... It's the person inside that is important, not their body.

4. Compare answers with your partner. Then close your books and tell your partner everything you can remember about Tom and Julie's story.

73

II ~

Readl SkiImmmg .lf' J KEY READING SKILLSk"11 .mg SIS: STUDY SHEET S, PAGERS

Quickly skim this text. Then immediately check (II) your answers. Do not look back at the text. 0 3MINUTES

Are looks really that important? Most people agre e that a person's character is more important than their appearance, and yet many of us still worry about the way we look. Indeed, most of us have a part of our body we would like to change if we could. Why don't we like our bodies?

Perhaps appearance has never been so important as it is today. We are surrounded by "perfect" people all of the time, in the media and especially in advertising. There is a lot of pressure for everyone to "look good," not just the supermodels and celebrities. We assume that beautiful people have more fun. We also think they have better careers. It's true that how you feel about your appearance can have a big impact on how you feel about yourself. If you look good, you feel good . But if you dislike your appearance, then you can be self-conscious and unhappy.

For some people, worry over personal appearance can cause serious problems. Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a mental illness that causes a person to feel extremely dissatisfied about their body. People with this condition suffer from a very negative self-image. They may often check their appearance or compare their bodies with others. They might even avoid mirrors, or stop activities like going to the beach. BDD can cause a great deal of anxiety and stress, and even lead to depression, These people often turn to cosmetic surgery to solve their problems.

For some people, cosmetic surgery is the answer; they are completely satisfied with their new appearance and have improved self-esteem and greater confidence. But for most forms of BDD, some psychological counseling is also necessary. Just how many people suffer from this problem is uncertain, but experts suggest it may be far more than we think. How much do you worry about your appearance?

According to the text . ..

a. D few people worry about their appearance.

b. D many people worry about their appearance.

c. D what's inside is more important than what's outside.

d. D everyone is under pressure to look good.

e. D people believe that looking good can help us get a promotion at work.

f. D BDD is a good condition to have.

g. D cosmetic surgery is not popular with people who have BDD.

h. D some people with BDD also need counseling.

74

II Word review

For each word in italics, choose the word or phrase below that has a similar meaning. .iIiii~~~

Women only? It is not only women who feel a. embarrassed and b. insecure about their body. An increasing number of c. self-conscious men are having d. operations to change their appearance. In the U.S.A., around thirty percent of those who have cosmetic plastic surgery are male. Pec implants are e. extremely popular for all kinds of men, not just bodybuilders. They don't mind the f. discomfort. It seems that men are just as g. worried about having a h. terrific body as women.

a. 1. fat 2. uncomfortable b. 1. unconfident 2. unsafe c. 1. ill at ease 2. selfish d. 1. help 2. surgical procedures e. 1. mostly 2. very f. 1. pain 2. problems g. 1. concerned 2. upset h. 1. healthy 2. great

Talk about it

1. Make a group. Discuss each statement and decide on your group's opinion.

Yes No

a. If a person wants cosmetic surgery, they should have it. It's their body, D D and no one should tell them what to do with it.

b. There should be a minimum age-say twenty-four-before anyone D D is allowed to change their body through surgery. Too many teenagers are at risk of making a decision they will later regret.

c. It is wrong to play with nature by changing your appearance like this .. D D People should accept what nature has given them. Cosmetic plastic surgery should be banned.

d. All this is the fault of advertising companies. They should use D D normal-looking people rather than beautiful models .

2. Share your ideas with another group.

~ACTIVITY 2 PAGE A4

75

Unit 12 Food of the future


. h" " hi k of the future. It comes soon enoug . I never t III Albert Einstein

Genetically modified (GM) crops contain a gene that has been artificially added. Crops that have genes added are also known as

transgenic crops. The new gene may improve crop quality, helping the plant to resist disease, insects, and extreme temperatures or help it grow more quickly. Described by some as dangerous, others say they are the key to saving the planet.

2. With your partner, describe the picture above. What's happening?

Think about it


a. What are the advantages of genetically modified foods? b. Why do some people protest against them? c. What do you know about GM foods? d. Have you eaten any GM foods? e. Do you think they are safe? f. Will GM crops replace naturally grown crops?


76

,. KEY VOCABULARY SKILLSVocabulary skills: Suffixes STUDY SHEET 6, PAGE V6

l. Match each word on the left with a suffix on the right.

a. discover ly e. genetic er b. resist less f. design ally c. dead ant g. require ors d. harm y h. inspect ments

2. Use the words above to complete this text.

In Japan, concern over GM foods has risen since the a of a modified

gene called StarLink in food products in October 2000. It was found in corn

imported from the U.S., where StarLink is not approved even for animal feed .

The U.S. companies that make the b modified plants say they are

c. to humans. But some of these "d " plants are

e to insects that eat them. Many people in Japan are f. ..

to the idea of eating GM foods.

In April 200 1, Japan's Health Ministry ordered House Foods to recall its O'ZACK

snacks, after g found traces of unapproved GM potatoes in test

samples. In August of the same year, Procter & Gamble had to recall 800,000

packs of Pringles. which also contained GM potatoes that did not meet Japan's .Import h .

Predicting

1. Look at the title of the e-zine article you are going to read.

ME What's for dinner? TICLES Designer crops under attack

2. What do you think you will read about? Check (V") Yes or No.

Yes No

a. The dangers of genetically modified foods D D b. The advantages of GM foods D D c. Companies that make GM foods D D d. People who have died from eating GM foods D D e. How GM foods are made D D


77

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What's for dinner? Designer crops under attack

Crops that are genetically modified have genes artificially added to them. These genes work in two ways. First, they make the crops resistant to weed killers. This means that farmers can spray all of their plants with poisons, but the weeds will die and the crops will not. Secondly, the added gene or genes are designed to make the crop deadly to any pests-for example, insects-that eat them, while being harmless to humans.

For farmers, the advantages are bigger harvests, better quality plants, improved nutrition, and less need for spraying poisons to kill insects. Not surprisingly, use of GM seeds has quickly become extremely popular among farmers. Today, more than fifty percent of all crops planted in the U.S. are from genetically modified seeds, including tomatoes, squash, cotton, corn, soybeans, and potatoes. Thousands more "designer" seeds are on the way. Some experts think that almost everyone in the U.S. has now eaten some food that comes from GM crops.

Yet the use of GM crops is becoming increasingly controversial. Developers of modified seeds, such as the huge company Monsanto, have become the targets of demonstrations and protests. Research has discovered that GM crops were harming the monarch butterfly, and also that GM food slowed growth and increased disease in rats. Resistance to GM foods around the world is growing.

In July 2001, the European Union passed a law requiring all food products from GM crops to be clearly labeled. Many countries have stopped further planting until there are more health checks. Moreover, public concern is so great in some countries that food companies are . ending the use of GM crops altogether. In Britain, for example, many of the leading food processors such as Northern Foods have stopped using genetically modified ingredients. In France, Groupe Danone, the third biggest food processor in Europe, announced that it would do the same. And both Unilever and Switzerland's Nestle stated that they would limit or ban the use of genetically modified ingredients in selected countries.

While in the U.S . there is no requirement to label food from GM crops, people around the world are starting to ask the same question: Just how safe are these new "designer" foods?

-,....- - .."",.~ .,...-=----I '" MyC~uteJ

78



a. When did the European Union make it illegal to sell unlabeled GM food products?

b. What insect was found to be harmed by GM crops?

c. What is Monsanto?

d. How many people in the U.S. have eaten food made from GM plants?

e. Give four benefits for farmers of growing GM crops.

1 .

2 .

3 .

4 .


a. What percentage of crops in the U.S. are grown from GM seeds? 1. 30% 2. 40 % 3. over 50% 4. around 60%

b. In which country have many food companies already completely stopped using GM ingredients? 1. the U.S. 2. Holland 3. France 4. Britain

c. In which country is it not necessary to label food products that come from GM crops? 1. the U.S. 2. Holland 3. France 4. Britain

d. What kind of health damage did rats suffer during research into GM food? 1. slow growth 2. hair loss 3. cancerous tumors 4. heart failure

e. Which UK food producer recently stopped using GM ingredients? 1. Unilever 2. Northern Foods 3. Danone 4. Nestle

3. Look in the text to find six common GM crops in the U.S. Circle them in the list below.

beans carrots corn cotton lettuce potatoes onions pumpkin rice soybeans squash tomatoes wheat

79

KEY READING SKILLSReading skills: Separating fact and opinion STUDY SHEET 9, PAGE R9

1. These statements are based on the text "What's for dinner?" Which of these statements are facts and which are opinions? Write F (fact) or 0 (opinion).

a. Danone is the third biggest food processor in Europe.

b There are too many GM crops in the U.S.

e. GM food products are probably harmless to humans.

d Some experts think that almost everyone in the U.S. has eaten GM food products.

e People shouldn't be so concerned about GM crops.

f. Many U.S. farmers are in favor of GM crops.

2. Read these statements. Check (V) Fact or Opinion for each statement.

Fact Opinion

a. In the developing world, vitamin-A deficiency kills two D D million children each year. GM rice called "golden rice" can help generate vitamin A. This is one way GM foods I

can help save lives. ( b. Scientists are trying to add medicine to tom atoes or D D

bananas, as a cheaper and more convenient way of protecting people in developing countries from disease.

c. GM crops will be an increasingly imp ortant part of D D agriculture in th e twenty-first cent ury.

d. Companies that develop GM crops might make them D D too expensive for poor farmers to buy.

e. GM crops require less weed killer, saving farmers D D money and reducing th e number of chemicals in the environment.

f. The companies that produce these GM crops only talk D D about the benefits of their products. They ignore all the health and environmental dangers.

g. The world's population is increasing so fast that without D D GM crops we won't be able to feed ourselves.

3. Decide which statements are in favor of GM crops and which are against. Write F (for) or A (against) after each statement.

80

Word review Match each word or phrase in italics with a word or phrase that has a similar meaning.

But is it safe? GM foods are especially popular in the U.S., where up to seventy percent of food products in supermarkets could contain a I. crop that has been genetically 2. modified. However, in many other countries, GM foods can 3. be controversial. In fact many people 4. protest, and 5. concerns are so great that some governments have taken action. There are now many 6. checks and 7. laws that require all GM foods to have 8. labels. It seems it will be many more years before people worldwide believe that GM foods are safe.

a. altered e. plant grown for food

b. cause disagreement f. legal rules

c. controls g. tags with information

d. express disapproval h. worries

Talk about it

1. Read these opinions. Check (V) the ones you most agree with.

I don't see any problem with

growing GM crops. It's no different from traditional

methods.

GM crops are bad for the environment: they may kill animals

and create more environmental problems. rn

The population of the world is growing so quickly, we have no

It is morally wrong to change the genetic choice: if we want to feed everyone make-up of plants, just as it is wrong in then we have to use modern humans. We should leave nature alone. methods like GM farming.


~ACTIVITY 3 PAGE A4

81

Animals and us Look at these pictures. Ask and answer questions with your partner. Take turns.

What animals can ) you see? .

... ~

.W hat are they ~

/ " think this is ...J

82

KEY READING SKILLSPreview STL!DY SHEET I. PAGE RI


Unit 13

Unit 14

Unit 15


a. Hunting wild animals is still big business, and for many endangered species, like tigers and rhinos, zoos are now their best hope of survival.

b. Chimpanzees can solve difficult puzzles and some even teach each other sign language .

c. The lion is a popular animal in traditional stor ies, especially in Africa and India. Often, the lion is tricked by a smaller, more clever animal.


83

Unit 1:3 Are animals intelligent?

1. Describe these pictures with your partner.

b. Orangutans can quickly learn complex tasks, such as washing clothes by hand.

c. Dolphins sometimes trick their trainers by hiding toys.

"l am fond of pigs. Dogs look ~p to us. Cats look down on us. Pigs

W inston Churchill, 1874-1 965

2. Do you think these animals are intelligent?

Think about it 1. Ask and answer these questions with your partner.

a. Do you think animals speak to each other? b. Can animals understand what we say to them? c. If you have a pet, do you think your pet is clever? d. What animals do you think are intelligent? e. Are any animals as intelligent as humans? f. What kinds of things can animals be trained to do?


a. Meerkats have different warning calls for each of their enemies, from snakes to jackals.

treat us as equals."

84

m Vocabulary skills: Synonyms KE1~u~~~~Wf~rG~~~LLS

I. Match each word on the left with its synonym on the right.

a. inform friend b. lifesaver lonely c. buddy tell d. collapse helper e. lonesome difficult f. scared assist g. help fall down h. hard frightened

2. Find synonyms for these words in the text below.

a. believed .

b. recall

c. dumb

d. scientific study

e. obvious

f. huge

Bird brains New research. suggests that birds are far more intelligent than we thought.Crows on the Pacific island of New Caledonia have learned to use long, thin pieces of wood to find food. Another bird, called Clark's nutcracker, can remember where it buried as many as 30,000 seeds, over a vast area. One African gray parrot named Alex can say the names of more than forty objects. It's clear that birds are not stupid!

Predicting

I. With your partner, list ways dogs can be trained to help people.


85

Dog Lovers Monthly, Issue 324

MV dog is a lifesave..! Last month, we asked readers to write in to inform us about how your dogs help you in your daily lives. Here is this month's Star Letter. Congratulations, Mrs~endry! You win $250! )

.. STAR LETTER" /

I would like to tell you about my dog, Sam. He's a labrador, and he's a real lifesaver! I'm not in very good health, and it's hard for me to do things around the house. Sam helps me a lot. He brings the mail to me in the morning, and he brings



a. What kind of dog is Sam?

b. What is the name of his owner?

c. What problem does she have?

d. Which magazine did she write to telling about Sam?

e. Name three things Sam carries to his owner when she is at home.

1 .

2 .

3•........... ......... ......................... .. ............ .......... ............. ............ ............ ............ .........

f. Find four adjectives for Sam in Mrs. Hendry's poem.

1 .. 3 .

2 . 4 .


a. How much money did Mrs. Hendry win for her letter? 1. $150 2. $200 3. $250 4. $300

b. Where does she live? 1. Nebraska 2. Washington 3. Ohio 4. Nevada

c. What will Sam do if Mrs . Hendry becomes ill when they are outside? 1. run for help 2. find her friend 3. bark 4. sit down next to her

86

my cell phone when it rings. He even brings me the TV remote control when I want it! He loads the washing machine for me. He also takes the clean laundry out when it's ready, and gives each item to me separately. He can open and close doors, and switch the room lights on arid off. He follows me around the house everywhere I go and is always by my side when we go out. He always wags his tail and seems so happy. Before I had Sam, I was scared to go out because I thought I might collapse, but Sam helps me keep my balance. If I drop my keys or purse, he'll pick them up for me, and I know that if I do become ill, he will start barking to get someone's attention.

I meet lots of people when I'm out with Sam; kids come over and stroke him, or adults start a conversation by saying what a great dog he is. I used to

be so lonesome, but now I meet someone new every time I go out! I don't know what I'd do without Sam. He's not just a buddy to me, he's a real lifesaver.

Mrs. G. Hendry, Nevada, U.S.A.

Sam's my man,

My loyal best friend,

My pride and joy

Until the end.

He's a clever d00,

And I'll never for0et

My wonderful helper,

A fantastic pet!

Poem by Mrs. Hendry

d. How does Sam help with the washing? 1. He fills and empties the washing machine. 2. He turns the washing machine on and off. 3. He puts the washing out to dry. 4. He counts each item of clothing.

e. Why was Mrs. Hendry frightened to go out before she got Sam? 1. She felt she was too weak. 2. She couldn't see clearly. 3. She was scared of meeting other people . 4. She thought she'd fall down.

3. This summary of the text contains five factual mistakes. Circle them. Then re-write the text correctly.

Mrs. Hendry won a prize when she wrote to Animal Lovers Monthly about her pet cat, Sam. He helps her with chores such as doing the dishes, and he can even answer the phone. She can't go out, but she has met more people because of Sam.

87

KEY READING SKILLSReading skills: Inferring meaning STUDY SHEET 3. PAGE R3

1. What can you infer from the sentences? Match each sentence on the left with a statement on the right.

a. He always wags his tail and 1. Mrs . Hendry is more active and seems so happy. confident now.

b. He's a real lifesaver! 2. Sam likes helping Mrs. Hendry. c. He follows me around the 3. Mrs. Hendry has more friends

house everywhe re I go. arid isn't lonely now. d. Before I had Sam, I was scared 4. Sam is very attentive and

to go out. obedient. e. I meet lots of people when I'm 5. Mrs. Hendry relies on Sam's

out with Sam. help a lot.

2. Who do these adjectives best describe, Sam or Mrs. Hendry? Write S (Sam) or H (Mrs. Hendry). Then tell your partner and explain your choices.

a. dependent

b. . . . . . . . . . . loyal

c. .......... handicapped

d. ........ .. reliable

e . .......... well-trained

f. ... ..... . grateful~

3. Read this text.

Man's best friend Dogs that are trained to help people with disabilities must be carefully selected. They must be highly intelligent, friendly, and willing to please. They are trained according to the needs of their new owner. They can be trained to help people with sight or hearing problems, as well as people who suffer from diseases such as epilepsy or diabetes, or who are physically handicapped. These dogs can help their owners become more confident and more independent, as well as providing companionship and a sense of security.

4. Which one of these statements cannot be inferred from the text above?

a. Training these dogs is a very specialized task. b. The dogs are trained to defend their owners in case of attack. c. Not all dogs can be trained to help people. d. Dogs can be trained for many different purposes. e. These dogs help their owners in psychological ways , too.

88

Word review


attention buddy conversations forget ill intelligent lonesome train

Koko the talking gorilla

Dr. Patterson began to a Koko. a gorilla at San Francisco Zoo,

to use sign language in the early 1970s. Kokos first words were "drink," "food,"

and "more." Today, Koko can "speak" using over one thousand words. Koko is

an b gorilla and she rarely seems to c any

words. She is famous around the world and enjoys all the d .

She is also a successful teacher. When she became e , Dr.

Patterson thought she might be f. The zoo gave Koko a new

gorilla g called Michael. Koko taught Michael to use sign

language, too! Now Koko and Michael have lots of h together!

Talk about it

1. Make a group. Decide if these statements are for or against training animals to help people..

For Against

a. I think it's cruel to train animals to help humans. D D b. If animals didn't like it, they wouldn't do it. D D c. We shouldn't force animals to do what we want. D D d. Som e animals really enjoy being helpful. D D e. For an animal, working is more fun th an being in a zoo! D D f. "Intelligent" animals just do what they are trained to do. D D

2. What's your opinion? Share your ideas with the group.

~ACTIVITY I PAGE AS

89

Unit 14 Extinction or survival

1. Can you name these animals?

2. With your partner, decide which animal is the most ...

powerful. clever. feared. sociable.

3. What do all of the animals have in common?

Think about it

1. With your partner, make a Reason hunt ed list of animals that people Animal

hunt. Why do people hunt them?

2. Are there any animals we should not hunt? Why? Make a group and discuss your ideas.

90

KEY VOCABULARY SKILLSVocabulary skills: Antonyms STUDY SHEET 9, PAGE V9

1. Match each word on the left with its antonym on the right.

a. extinction d. tiny 1. slowly 4. huge b. rapidly e. survive 2. saved 5. legalized c. slaughtered f. banned 3. survival 6. die out

2. Complete this text. Choose from the words above.

Hunting animals to extinction

Hunting rhino was so popular in the 1970s that up to half the world's rhinos

were a Now, fewer than 12,000 b Even a

c amount of the powder from a rhino horn is expensive. A

poacher can be paid as much as $45,000 per kilogram for rhino horn.

The number of orangutans has declined d in the past decade. Only

around fifty percent of the population is left. Most are found in Borneo, where

killing them has been e But hunting for food and the trade in

body parts, particularly skulls, is still a f. problem there today.

Once it was fashionable to shoot tigers, but today fewer than 4,500 Indian tigers

are alive. The ·g· of the Siberian tiger, the world's largest cat, is

uncertain. Only 200 are left. However, there is an expanding market for tiger

bones and other body parts, which are used in Chinese medicine. Despite many

attempts to protect them, the tiger is still in danger of h .

Predicting

1. In the extract you are going to read from a novel called iiSurvivor's Song," a woman wakes up to find an elephant very close by. What do you think will happen? Check (V) Yes or No.

Yes No

a. The woman will be frightened and scream . D D b. The elephant will run away. D D c. She will shoot the elephant. D D d. More elephants will appear. D D e. The woman will photograph the elephant. D D


91

Dawn in Luangwa I hear the elephant eating fruit just outside the cottage. Gently pushing aside the mosquito net, I rise from the bed and walk quietly through the dark to the washroom, which has a tiny window. All I can see in the windhw is a large

1

eye, like a whale's eye, blinking at me in t1;~ morning light. / /

One step at a time, I move closer to the window until I am just below it. Then, standing on an old box, I pull myself

up to the window and see Survivor's eye only a foot away. Long, straight eyelashes partially cover his eye as he looks toward the ground searching for fruit. Then, as he picks up one with his long trunk and puts it into his mouth, he lifts his eyes and looks directly at me. He shows neither surprise nor concern, and I stare into the gray forever of an elephant's eye.

This kind of thing may happen in other areas of Africa, but not in the Luangwa Valley of Zambia. In the last fifteen years, one hundred thousand elephants have been slaughtered by poachers in this valley. Here, elephants usually run at the first sight or smell of man . I want to remember always the deep wrinkles in the skin above Survivor's eyelashes, his wet and shining eye, which now reflects the sunrise. Surely this will never happen to me again; the memory must last a lifetime. And I must never forget the way I feel, for at this moment I can see everything so clearly.

2

. Adapted from "Survivor's Son " by Della and Mark Owens wldl·" . . g

, I lie conservationists

The rapid disappearance of the Af . ivory tu sks. Killing elephants for ivorv .elephant was due to people killing it for its African elephants alive in 1970 f ry ~ now offical1y banned, but of the two million

I ewer t an twenty-five percent survive today.

92



a. What is the name of the elephant that the woman sees?

b. What was the elephant doing when the woman awoke?

c. Which room does the woman go into to see the elephant?

d. What does the woman stand on to get a better view?

e. In which country in Africa does the story take place?


a. Why was this incident unusual? 1. Because there was a lot of noise at the time . 2. Because there are no elephants left in Africa. 3. Because elephants there are usually frightened of humans. 4. Because the elephant wasn't hungry.

b. What was the elephant's reaction when it saw the woman? 1. It was scared. 3. It became friendly. 2. It ignored her. 4. It looked at her.

c. What did the woman think when she saw the elephant? 1. The elephant must be hungry. 3. She was very lucky. 2. She should tell other people. 4. She was in danger.

d. Why are elephants in that area normally frightened of humans? 1. Because people try to ride them. 2. Because people have a strange smell. 3. Because the sight of humans is unfamiliar. 4. Because the elephants are a hunted by poachers.

e. What time of day did this happen? 1. at sunrise 2. late in the evening 3. early in the morning 4. in the afternoon

3. Mark the position of both the woman and the elephant on this illustration.

93

KEY READING SKILLS Reading skills: Identifying cohesion STUDY SHEET 2. PAGE R2

1. Look again at the extract from "Survivor's Song." Find the following phrases. What do the words in italics refer to?

a. which has a tiny window

b. until I am just below it

c. as he looks toward the ground

d. puts it into his mouth

e. Surely this will never happen to me again


Hunting elephants with the Galla tribe The place where we were going to hunt presented an interesting picture. All around. the grass made a crackling sound. In the woods, there was endless shooting and cries of terror or triumph, and all this noise was drowned out by the cries of the frightened elephants, throwing a . themselves now at one person, now at another. The Galla believe that at such moments of fear, the elephants are praying to God, throwing sand and grass to heaven. I personally saw elephan ts doing b. this.

At 7:30 in the evening, this hunt, which was really more like a c. battle, ended. None of d. us had had any food in our mouths since morning, nor a drop of water. It was impossible to drink from the stream because e. it wa s all red with blood. But no one bothered to think of food or drink.

On this day, forty-one elephants were killed.

Adapte d from " Even Elephants Pray: '.Ale xander Bulatovich, I 897.

Translated by Richard Seltzer.

a ..

b ..

c .

d .

e ..

94

Word review

Match each word in italics with a word or phrase that has a similar meaning.

Safari Club International It's not just 1. poachers who kill wild animals. Safari Club International is a club for rich people who want to hunt wild animals. The average price they pay to

kill a lion, for example, is $30,000. 2. Clearly, paying that much money means they are guaranteed a kill.

This is 3. surely one of the reasons why the lion population in Africa has fallen from about 50,000 to less than 15,000 over the past decade. Many people want this kind of "trophy hunting" to stop. Yet it may be a 4. surprise to learn that some 5. conservationists don't agree. They say the 6. wildlife parks need the money. With lion hunting worth about $4.5 million a year, perhaps in our 7. lifetime lions will disappear 8. forever .

a. definitely e. people who protect animals

b. hunters who kill animals illegally f. permanently

c. length of time we live g. shock

d. obviously h. animals in nature

Talk about it 1. Read these opinions. Check (V') the ones you most agree with.

Humans have a duty to preserve the planet and all the

animals in it.

We should not stop people from hunting wild animals. It's natural, and good

for the local economy.


~ACTIVITY 2 PAGE AS

95

Unit 15 Animals in traditional stories

1. Match each traditional European story with a picture.

Every country has traditional stories. These stories show the culture and character of the people and the moral values of their society. Many of these stories include animals.

1. : The Tortolse and the Hare

2. . Lit ~e Red Riding Hood

3 Gol~ilocks and the Three Bears

2. Do you know any of these stories? Tell your partner.

Think about it

1. With your partner, match these adjectives that describe character with the correct meaning.

a. opportunistic not intelligent b. clumsy feeling afraid c. dumb move in a way that is not careful and break things d. obstinate not willing to change your ideas or plans e. frightened talk proudly about yourself to get the admiration of others f. cunning use every possible chance to gain advantage over others g. boastful get what you want by tricking others

2. With your partner, try to guess which adjective above is often used in stories to describe each of these animals.

fox hare bear wolf cat rooster goat

96

'I b I k"11 C . d ,

KEY VOCABULARY SKILLSvoca u ary S I S: onnectmg war s #" STUDY SHEET 7. PAGEV7

Complete the story using the words in the box.

because Eventually so Then Unfortunately When

Masha and the Bear A traditional Russian folk story

One day, Masha went into the forest to pick some berries, a she

wanted to make a pie for her grandparents. She soon got lost, b ..

she stopped at a house to ask for help. c , a bear lived there. He

made Masha stay to clean and cook. Masha was unhappy.

Masha had an idea. She asked the bear to take some pies to her grandparents '

house. "No. I'll eat them myself," said the bear. But Masha said that she would

climb the highest tree in the forest to make sure he didn't eat them. She told the

bear not to look in the basket. d , th e bear agreed, thinking he would

secretly eat the pies when he went into the forest. But when th e bear wasn 't

looking, Masha hid in the basket. e the bear picked up the basket

and set off. On the way, he decided to rest and eat a pie, but Masha cried out,

"I can see you! I can see you! Don't sit under that tree! Don't eat the pies for

tea! Take them to my grandparents! "

The bear was amazed that Masha could see him and never looked in the bask et.

f. he arrived at her grandparents house, some dogs ran out and chased

him . The bear dropped the basket and ran away. Masha jumped out and was free.

Predicting

1. Here are the titles of the two traditional stories you are going to read.

The Lion and the Rabbit The Buffalo and the Mouse ' - - - - - - - . - -- --- --- ---

2. With your partner, guess which animal ...

a. is killed by a smaller animal. b. tricks another animal. c. is the most stupid. d. refuses to give another animal food.

3. Read the stories and check your predictions.

97

The Lion and the Rabbit A traditional African story

One day in the forest, Lion caught little Rabbit.

"I am too thin for you to eat. Let me help you catch a bigger animal," saidRabbit. Lion agreed, and together they went hunting. Lion caughta large bull, but Rabbit caughtonly an old donkey.

"Oh dear, Lion. Your bull is so thin and unhealthy."

"The bull looks all right to me," Lion said.

"If it's a good bull, you will seea cloud of dust rise from it whenyouhit it," said Rabbit.

Lion agreed and hit the bull because he didn't want to seem stupid. But there was no dust.

"See?" said Rabbit, "No good." So Lion insisted that he have the donkey

and that Rabbit have the bull. Later, Rabbit found some feathers and

decided to pretend they were knives. "Look, Lion. 1have eight light knives and you have only one. Ifyouloseyour knife, you will be defenseless." So Lion insisted that they swap, and he tookthe eight feathers, thinking they were knives.

Later, when they came to Lion's house, Rabbit said, "Oh dear, Lion. Your house has only one door. Mine has many doors, so1can escape easily. Butyou can't escape." So Lion insisted that they swap houses.

Then Lion took the donkey into Rabbit's smallhouse. When he tried to cut the donkey, the donkey laughed because the feathers tickled him, and he ran away.

Meanwhile, Rabbit ate the bigbull in his nice warmcave.

And to this day, when Donkey remembers how Lion tickled him with the feathers, he still laughs and laughs.



a. Where does each story come from? b. Why didn't Lion eat Rabbit? c. What happened when Lion tried to eat the donkey? d. When does Donkey laugh today?

2. With your partner, find three ways Rabbit tricked Lion.

3. Complete the sentences.

a. Mouse killed Buffalo when he .

b. Just after the fight , .

c. Mouse told Fox to .

d. Fox asked for more meat because .

e. Mouse lost everything because ..

98

The Buffalo and the Mouse A Native American tale

Once upon a time,Mouse andBuffalo had an argument. Mouse challenged Buffalo to a fight.

"That'snot a good idea," said Buffalo "I canstep on you easily!"

ButMouse jumped onto Buffalo. He crawled into Buffalo's ear. He ate Buffalo's brain! Buffalo screamed in pain. He tried to throw Mouse off, but he couldn't. Soon, Buffalo fell to the ground and was dead.

"Ihave killed the mightyBuffalo," said Mouse, adding proudly, "I am the greatest!"

Justthen, Fox arrived. He was very hungry. "CutBuffalo into small pieces for me,

Fox, and I will give you some of the meat," said Mouse.

Fox agreed, because he was very hungry. When he had flnished, Mouse gave him a very smallpiece ofmeat. Fox ate it quickly.

"May I please have some more?" Fox asked. "I have abigfamily to feed, and we are all so hungry."

"Oh,you are toogreedy, Fox," sai.d Mouse, and he gave Fox an even smaller piece ofmeat. Fox was not happywith this, sohe killed Mouse and took the meat to feed his family. If you areproud and selfish you will lose

everything in the end.

4. Choose one story. Your partner should choose the other story. Each make notes of the main points.

5. Use your notes to retell your story. Do not look at the text.

99

top

di kill Ski . ../KEY READING SKILLSRea I"g S I S: Imming #' STUDYSHEETS. PAGERS

1. Quickly skim this story. Then immediately answer the questions below. Do not look back at the text. <3 I MINUTE

The Old Man and the Bear A traditional Ukrainian story

One day, an old man was planting lettuce seeds in a forest. Suddenly, a big bear arrived. "Old man, I'm going to kill you!" said the bea r. The old man said , "Please let me live, Bear. If you let me live, when my plants are ready, I will give you all of the roots to eat." The bear agreed, went deep into the forest. He came back when the lettuces were ready. The old man gave the bear all the roots, but when the bear tasted them, he became angry and roared, "Old man, you tricked me! The tops are better than the roots! I'm going to kill you!" To save his life, the old IJ}-'!.n offered to give the bear the tops of the plants next year. The bear agreed and '~ent away. When the crop was ready, the bear came back. "Where are my tops,}ld man?" roared the bear. "Here they are. Eat all you want," replied the old man. But when the bear ate the tops he was angry. They tasted terrible. "I planted carrots this year," explained the man, and ran back into the village. And that's how bears and men first became enemies.

a. In this story, ... 1. the old man tricks the bear. 2. the bear tricks the old man.

b. In the second year, the old man ... 1. plants a different type of seed. 2. plants the same type of seed.

c. The old man ... 1. kills the bear. 2. escapes from the bear.

d. The story explains . .. 1. why men and bears don't like each other. 2. why bears are always looking for food.

100

Word review


The white elephant a. Traditionally, for people in Thailand and other Asian countries, the rare white elephant was important for religious reasons. Because of this, white elephants didn't work in the b. forests. Also, they were expensive to keep as they needed special food. For this reason, a white elephant was sometimes c. caught and given as a gift to an d. enemy. Although they e. pretended to be happy, the receiver knew that the enormous cost of looking after the elephant could f. easily destroy them! It would also bring very bad luck if the elephant g. escaped or became h. unhealthy. So "white elephant" today is a phrase meaning something that is very expensive and of little use.

a. 1. according to custom 2. recently b. 1. cities 2. woods c. 1. killed 2. taken by force d. 1. rival 2. family member e. 1. claimed 2. laughed f. 1. quickly 2. without difficulty g. 1. ran away 2. died h. 1. too fat 2. sick

Talk about it 1. With your partner, think of a traditional

story that you both know that includes animals. Make notes.

2. Tell your story to another pair.

~ACTIVITY 3 PAGE AS

101

.escnbe these pictures with your partner.

IL----"

~~~1NQlrnJN~ NODe

i 91 999

102

KEY READING SKILLSPreview STUDY SHEET I, PAGE RI



Unit 16

Unit 17

Unit 18


a. The Chevrolet Nova never sold well in Spanish-speaking countries. No va means It does not go in Spanish .

b. What people think is "funny" can vary a lot between nationalities and cultures, and from person to person. Visual jokes, such as cartoons with no words, are the most universal and easy to understand.

c. Jim Carrey's parents were poor. They lived in a camper van, traveling with their children across Canada in search of work. His talent for comedy has since made him a multi-millionaire.


103

What makes us laugh? l. Match each caption with a picture.

c ..

1. A computer nerd's tombstone 2. Why don't the humans ever do anything interesting? 3. Q: What do you call a person who keeps on talking when people are no longer

interested? A: A teacher.

2. Which picture is the funniest? Tell your partner.

Think about it


a. Do you think you have a good sense of humor? b. Do you like telling jokes? c. What makes you laugh? d. Which well-known comedians do you think are funny? e. If you hear a funny joke, can you remember it afterwards? f. What's the funniest movie you ever saw?


104

c

KEY VOCABULARY SKILLSVocabulary skills: Using a dictionary STUDY SHEET 2. PAGE V2

1. Use your dictionary to match each word with the correct definition.

black humor irony satire slapstick wit

a the use of humor to criticize someone or something and make them appear silly

b a form of humor in which you use words to express the opposite of what the words really mean

the ability to use words in a clever way, to make people laugh

d. humor that is based on physical actions such as people hitting each other or falling over

e. humor relating to sad or unpleasant things such as death or illness

2. Use your dictionary to check the meaning of the words and phrases in the box. Then complete the sentences.

amusing cartoons kidding make fun of sense of humor

a. I like watching on TV. They make me laugh.

b. I'm afraid I don't find that type of humor very at all.

c. Every country has jokes that people from another country.

d. What's wrong with you? Don't you have a ?

e. I wasn't serious. I was only .

Predicting

1. Look at the notes about three jokes you are going to read. With your partner, decide what you think each joke will be about.

"The ma!Jic bottl/' three men / !Jeme / three wishes / no ie/ea / others return

"The talkin!J clock lJ

stue/ent / nei!Jhbor / noise / shout / time

"who's the smartest?" heltcofter / rescue / rOfe / heavy / woman / offer /Jumf / men / claf

2. Read the jokes and check your predictions.

105

m Hi Five Magazine, Issue 17

Here are this month's top readers' jokes! The magic bottle

James, Philip, and Nick were three unemployed friends with no money and no luck. One day, they were walking along a country road when Philip saw a small, old-fashioned bottle on the ground. He picked it up and rubbed it with his hand. A magic genie appeared and said, "Thank you for releasing me from the bottle. You have three wishes." James, Philip, and Nick decided to use one wish each. James said, "I wish I was a millionaire, living in luxury." The genie waved his hand, and James disappeared. Philip said, "I wish I were on a sunny beach, surrounded by beautiful women." The genie waved his hand, and Philip disappeared. Then it was Nick's turn. "Hmm. I can't think of what I want!" he said, shaking his head, and added, "I wish James and Philip were here to give me some ideas." The genie waved his hand and suddenly James and Philip both appeared. "Your three wishes are finished," said the genie, and vanished.

/f1(;a-;t{aI"ia P~I"U, 8Nat"!



a. How many wishes did the genie give the men?

b. Who said he had a "talking clock"?

c. How many people did the helicopter save from the sinking -ship?

d. When did the men holding onto the rope start clapping?

e. What happened to the men on the rope when they began to clap their hands?

106

Hi Five Magazine, Issue 17

The talking clock Who's the smartest?

Sam, a student, was Four men and a woman were on a proudly showing some sinking ship when a rescue helicopter friends his new room late arrived. A rope came down and they all one night. In the corner held onto it while the helicopter took was a huge metal dish, them toward another ship. Suddenly, the and a friend asked, helicopter started to fall. The pilot "What's that for?" shouted, "There's too much weight! One

"Oh, that's my talking of you will have to let go of the rope or clock," Sam replied. we'll all die!" The woman then gave an "Watch this." He hit the emotional speech. She explained that dish hard with a hammer, women should make sacrifices for men. making a really loud She said that she would let go of the noise. Suddenly, rope. When she finished her speech, all someone on the other the men started clapping their hands. side of the wall screamed, Never underestimate a woman's "Be quiet! It's two o'clock intelligence! in the morning!" SQ!~/e, 1Ie.f~ lIu..ftt<'ata cfa'!J~ cftirj~J It,dla


a. Which one of these men found the magic bottle? 1. Sam 2. Nick 3. James 4. Philip

b. What did the student use to hit the large dish with? 1. a book 2. his hand 3. a hammer 4. his foot

c. Why did the helicopter pilot say one person should let go of the rope? 1. Because they were too heavy. 3. Because the rope could only take four people. 2. Because it was too windy. 4. Because the helicopter was too slow.

d . What did James wish for? 1. to be in a beautiful place 3. to be rich 2. to have his friends back 4. to be famous

e. In Sophie West's joke, who is left holding the rope at the end of the story? 1. everyone 2. four men 3. no one 4. the woman

3. Which joke did you think was the funniest? Tell your partner.

107

m ) KEY READING SKILLS

STUDY SHEET 7. PAGE R7Reading skills: Understanding the main idea

1. Look again at the "Readers' Jokes" page.

a. Why is "The magic bottle" joke funny? 1. Because Philip rubbed the bottle with his sweater. 2. Because the genie vanished. 3. Because Nick wasted everyone's lucky chance. 4. Because Nick couldn't think of a wish.

b. Why is "The talking clock" joke funny? 1. Because Sam's clock is broken. 2. Because it's late at night. 3. Because his friends visit Sam. 4. Because Sam is so inconsiderate of his neighbor.

c. Why is the "Who's the smartest?" joke funny? 1. Because they are on a sinking ship. 2. Because the woman gives a speech. 3. Because the woman tricks the men. 4. Because the helicopter pilot tells one person to jump off.

2. Read this text.

Jackie Chan Jackie Chan, possibly the biggest movie star in the world, is famous for his actfon movies. In fact , Chan's movies are more than simple action movies-they are action-comedies. He started using comedy early in his career when he was preparing to be the next Bruce Lee. He realized that his friendly face would stop him from being as tough as Lee, so he started to use comedy. But Chan quickly found that using humor was not so simple. His movie "Rush Hour" was a much bigger success in America and Europe than in Asia. Chan says this was because in different countries, people have a different sense of humor. The humor in "Rush Hour" just didn't work with Asian audiences. "From that time, I knew that I would have to make two movies a year; one for Asian market and one for American market." Everyone likes humor, but the humor everyone likes is different!

3. What is the main idea of the text?

a. Some of Jackie Chan's best action movies are also comedies. b. Jackie Chan's movies are always very successful in Asia, Europe, and the U.S.A. c. Jackie Chan understands that people around the world find different things

funny. d. People in different countries never find the same things funny.

108

Word review Use the words in the box to complete this text.

comedy explained proudly realized releases underestimate worked

Laughter therapy

When doctors a to Norman Cousins that he had a disease

that would soon kill him, he decided to fight back-using humor. It

b ! He soon c. that fifteen minutes of

laughter at his favorite d program could produce two hours

of pain-free sleep. Eventually, the illness completely disappeared. He wrote a

book that e described his success.

There is now a lot of research showing that laughter is healthy. It lowers

blood pressure and stress levels, and boosts our immune system. It also

f. the body's natural painkillers and produces a general sense

of well-being. Don't g the power of laughter; perhaps it really

is the best medicine.

Talk about it .

1. Think of a joke and prepare to tell it in English. Make notes.

2. Make a group of four. Tell your joke. Then decide which joke is the funniest and tell the class.

~ACTIVITY I PAGE A6

109

Unit 17 Private lives of comedians

Which of these comedians do you know? Tell your partner.

Charlie Chaplin

Margaret Cho

Laurel and Hardy

Jackie Chan

Robin Williams

Think about it Write your answers. Then interview your partner and write their answers.

Me My partner

a. The funniest comedian in my country is ...

b. The funniest comedian from any country is ...

c. I think the funniest program on TV is . . .

d. A comedian I don't find funny is .

e. Three comedy movies I like are .

110

hJ KEY VOCABULARY SKILLSVocabulary skills: Recognizing parts of speech FY STUDY SHEET 3. PAGEV3

1. Read this text. Write n (noun), adj (adjective), or adv (adverb) for the words in italics.

Robin Williams Robin Williams came from a a. wealthy family and had an expensive private education. Th e b. family moved often because of his father's work, and Robin found that playing the fool was the best way to be c. easily accepted as the "n ew boy" at sch oo l. He was raised as an only child, although both his d. parents had grown-up children from previous marriages. At college, he studied political science, but he always wanted to be a comedian. He e. quickly started formal training as soon as he graduated. He first became famous as the TV character Mark, in the 1970s. He has sta rred in f. numerous movies, including "Aladdin" and "Dead Poet's Societ y."

a......... b......... c... ...... d . e . f ..

2. Read this text. Write the part of speech of the words in italics.

Jim Carrey Jim Carrey is one of the highest-paid a. actors in Hollywood, earning as much as $20 million per movie. Yet his rich and b. famous lifestyle as a comedian is very different from his c. poor beginnings in Canada . After his father lost hi s job, his parents and all four of their children worked as janitors and security guards in a large d. factory. From the age of fourteen, Jim had to help the famil y make money by working eight-hour shifts at the factory after school. Naturally, his grades suffered, as he was often too tired to stay awake in class. He e . eventually dropped out of high school and started his career in comedy.

a..... .... b . c... ...... d . e .........

Predicting

1. You are going to read a biography about Charlie Chaplin. Before you read, guess true or false for each of these statements about his life.

Tru e False

a. Charlie Chaplin was never rich or famous in his lifetime. D D b. He married seve ral times. D D c. He was English, but lived in the U.S.A. most of his life. D D d. He was unable to have children and so adopted several. D D e. He died when h e wa s young D D


III

Charlie Chaplin, 1889-1977 Charles Spencer Chaplin was born in England in 1889. Chaplin's father was an alcoholic, so his mother ran away and took Charlie and his half-brother Sydney with her. However, when Charlie was five, his mother became very ill. Charlie and Sydney were homeless, sleeping in the street and begging for food . They were eventually taken into a special home for children without parents. When their mother was better, the boys left the children's home. Chaplin soon took a job with a children's acting group, the Eight Lancash ire Lads, traveling around England.

At age seventeen, he went to work in the U.S. His lucky break came in 1913, when movie producer Mack Sennett signed him to his Keystone Company for a salary of $150 per week. A year later, Chaplin appeared in his first movie and soon became famous as the "Little Tramp," with his bowler hat, cane, baggy pants, and large shoes. Chaplin created this character from the memory of his homeless days when he was a boy.

By 1915, he was so popular that he signed with the Essanay movie company for $1,250 per week, plus a $10,000 signing bonus.



a. How old was Chaplin when he died? .

b. What year did he go to work in the U.S.? ..

c. What was his weekly salary with the Essan ay movie company? ..

d. In which movie does he speak for the first time? ..

e. Write seven separate things he did in his job as an independent movie maker:

1. 5 .

2. 6 .

3. 7 .

4 .

2. Complete this summary.

When Chaplin was five years old, he and his half-brother became a .

He went to the U.S. when he was b years old. In 1913, he got a

lucky c when he took a job with Mack Sennett. His famous character

was known as the d For eight years, the actor e .

starred in all of his movies. He became an international star when he moved to

the f. in g His movies looked at many

h and i. issue s. Many people in the U.S. thought his

m ovies were j He was married k times and had

I. children.

112

m Chaplin was now on his way to being a wealthy movie star. In his movie "The Tramp " the same year, Chaplin starred for the first time with Edna Purviance. She would star in everyone of his movies for the next eight years. The next year, he moved to the Mutual Movie Corporation, where he quickly became an international star. He soon began working as an independent movie maker, responsible for every part of the making of the movies he starred in, including writing, directing, producing, choosing the actors, and editing. In later movies, when it became possible to add sound, he even composed all the music.

Chaplin used his movies to talk about social and political issues. "The Great Dictator" (1940), where Chaplin speaks for the first time, combined slapstick with political satire. However, many in the U.S. saw Chaplin's movies as antiAmerican, and they criticized him heavily for his political views. While on a trip home to England in 1952,

3. Name '"

a. all of his wives.

b. four of his movies.

c. three countries he lived in.

d. two things he wa s criticized for in the U.S.

he was told he would not be allowed back into the U.S. He settled with his family in Switzerland and for the next twenty-four years, his movie "A King in New York" was not shown in the U.S.

Chaplin's personal life, too, was criticized by numerous people. He was married four times, and had many affairs. People disapproved of his relationships with much younger women . His first marriage, to Mildred Harris, ended in divorce in 1920 after two years. He met his second wife, Lita Grey, when she appeared in Chaplin's film "The Kid" at age twelve. They married in 1924 when she was sixteen. They had two sons, then divorced in 1927. Chaplin married the actor Paulette Goddard in the early 1930s and the couple divorced in 1942. In June 1943, Chaplin married Oona O'Neill, the eighteen-year-old daughter of the writer Eugene O'Neill. They had eight children and remained together until Chaplin's death on December 25,1977, in Switzerland.

e. four things his character the "Litt le Tramp" always had.

4. Close your books and tell your partner everything you can remember.

113

) KEY READING SKILLSReading skills: Identifying cohesion STUDY SHEET 2. PAGE R2

1. Look again at the biography of Charlie Chaplin. Find the following phrases and decide what the words in italics refer to.

a. They were eventually taken into a special home

b. signed him to his Keystone Company.

c. Chaplin created this character

d. and they criticized him heavily.

e. and the couple divorced in 1942.

f. They had eight children


The real Mr. Bean Starting in 1990, the comic character Mr. Bean quickly became famous around the world for a. his charming originality. Mr. Bean's humor is communicated not with words, but through mime and visual jokes, so b. it can appeal to everyone. Rowan Atkinson, the actor who plays Mr. Bean, has degrees in electrical engineering from both Newcastle University and Oxford University. His career in comedy began while he wa s studying at Oxford. c. He went on to appear in several popular TV comedy shows. In 1981, he was the youngest performer to have a one-man show in London 's famous West End theater district. He has also appeared in many movies, including d. one, called "Bean," starring his famous character. Interestingly, Rowan Atkinson is a very private man and has never given an interview as e. himself preferring to

take the role of Mr. Bean in any public appearances. He lives in Oxfordshire with his wife , Sunetra. and f. their children, Lily and Ben.

a . d .

b . e .

c . f. .

114

Word review


Margaret Cho Margaret Cho is a Korean-American who got her 1. lucky break in comedy at the age of sixteen. In the U.S.A., her 2. independent style and strong-minded 3. character soon made her very famous. She appeared on every TV talk show and 4. starred in over a dozen movies. She even had dinner at the White Bouse with the president! But success also brought problems. People started to 5. criticize her as an actor, and many 6. disapproved of her 7. views. When her TV show"All American Girl" failed, Margaret became depressed. She left show business. Now she hopes those problems are behind her as she restarts her career, looking for 8. international success this time.

a. big chance e. objected to

b. find fault with f. opinions

c. individual g. was the main actor

d. nature h. worldwide

Talk about it

1. Read these opinions. Choose one, and prepare to say what you think.

Comedians have a tough job. It's hard to make everyone laugh.

It's important to laugh, but too often these days we laugh at other people. Comedians rely on racist and sexist

humor, or just bad language.

I don't understand why all the really famous comedians are men. Why aren't

there more female comedians?

Comedians of the past like Charlie Chaplin are

not funny in today's world. Their humor is too

old-fashioned.

2. Make a group and tell your classmates your opinion.

~ACTIVITY 2 PAGE A6

115

Unit 18 Funny but true

1. Read this text.

In England, a respected documentary what they saw, and asked for further program called "Panorama" once had details so they could go to the festival an unusual story. The program showed in Italy the following year. These spaghetti growing on trees and said viewers didn't notice that the date was this was the traditional spaghetti April I-a day when people in Britain harvest in Italy. Many viewers believed traditionally play jokes on each other.


Think about it

With your partner, check (......) which of these statements you think is true.

a. D A company sells a machine called the "spiritcom." The company says that it will help you communicate with dead people.

b. D A company selling a Batman costume for children has the warning on the box "CAUTION-FOR PLAY ONLY: Cape does not enable user to fly."

c. D As a young child, Albert Einstein was slow to start speaking. His parents worried that he was not very intelligent.

I "dnll lIP dJP Adljl :SlC)MSUV

116

Vocabulary skills: Synonyms J KE~iu~~~~~lf~rG~~~LLS

1. Read these true stories. Then find a synonym for each word below.

Garden-chair adventure Thirty-three-year-old American Mr. Walters really wanted to fly. In 1982, he decided to make his dream come true by tying forty-two helium-filled weather balloons to a garden chair. But when he cut the rope, rather than floating gently over his girlfriend 's house, he shot 16,000 feet up in the air. Passing several planes on the way up, he attracted the attention of their amazed pilots . When he eventually came back down to earth, Walters was covered in ice and suffering from extreme cold . He was immediately arrested by waiting police officer s and taken to the hospital.

a. lightly .. d. soared

b. detained . e. finally

c. wished . f. astonished .

You call that art? Damien Hirst is a top British artist, famous for his work as a sculptor. However, it appears that at least on e person thinks his modern art is garbage. When cleaner Emmanuel Asare arrived at work to see a heap of empty beer bottles, dirty ashtrays, old paint cans, and coffee cups, he simply threw it all in the trash. "As soon as I saw it, I sighed because there was so much mess, " he said. Apparently he didn't grasp that this was Hurst's latest work of art, with an estimated value of at least £100,000. "I didn't think for a second that it was a work of art . It didn't much look like art to me ." Staff at the art gallery rescued the items from the garbage and recreated the exhibit from photographs.

g. seems . j. newest .

h. pile . k. employees ..

i. understand .. l. saved .

2. Close your book and repeat each story with your partner.

Predicting

1. You are going to read about a customer who phones a computer help line with a problem. Make a list of problems that people often have with computers.


117

II I

m According to sources on the Internet, this is a real conversation between a computer support help-desk employee and a customer.

DESK: CALLER:

DESK: CALLER:

DESK: CALLER:

DESK: CALLER:

DESK: CALLER:

DESK: CALLER:

DESK: CALLER:

DESK:

CALLER: DESK:

CALLER: DESK:

CALLER: DESK:

CALLER: DESK:

• CALLER:

DESK: CALLER:

DESK: CALLER:

DESK: CALLER:

DESK: CALLER:

DESK: CALLER:

DESK: CALLER:

DESK: CALLER:

DESK:

CALLER: DESK:

CALLER: DESK:

CALLER: DESK:

May I help you? Yes, well, I'm having trouble. What sort of trouble? Well, I was just typing along, and all of a sudden the words went away. Went away? They disappeared. Hmm . So what does your screen look like now? Nothing. l'Jothing? It's blank. It won't accept anything when I type. Can you move the cursor around on the screen? There isn't any cursor. I told you, it won't accept anything I type! Does your monitor have a power indicator? What's a monitor? It's the thing with the screen on it that looks like a TV. Does it have a little light that tells you when it's on? I don't know. Well, then look on the back of the monitor and find where the power cord goes into it. Can you see that? Yes, I think so. Great. Follow the cord to the plug, and tell me if it's plugged into the wall. Is it supposed to be plugged in? Yes. Yes, it's plugged in.

HELP l r~ C ~l .A' \\\ . cYz

/ When you were behind the monitor, did you notice that there were two cables plugged into the back of it, not just one? No. Well, there are. I need you to look back there again and find the other cable. Okay, here it is. Follow it for me, and tell me if it's plugged securely into the back of your computer. I can't reach . Uh huh. Well, can you see if it is? No. Even if you maybe put your knee on something and lean way over? Oh, it's not because I don't have the right angle-it's because it's dark. Dark? Yes-the office light is off, and the only light I have is coming in from the window. Well, turn on the office light then. I can't. l'Jo? Why not? Because there's a power outage. A power .. . a power outage? OK, I understand now. Do you still have the boxes and manuals and packing stuff your computer came in? Well, yes, I keep them in the closet. Good. Go get them, and unplug your system and pack it up just like it was when you got it. Then take it back to the store you bought it from. Really? Is it that bad? Yes, I'm afraid it is. Well, all right then, I suppose. What should I tell them? Tell them you're too stupid to own a computer.

118


Read these questions and write your answers.

a. What type of product does the help desk support?

b. What is the first problem the customer mentions?

c. What does the screen look like?

d. Is the monitor plugged in?

e. What three things does the help-desk employee tell the customer to get?

1 ..

2 ..

3 ..


a. After asking some questions, what does the help-desk employee think is the cause of the, problem at first? 1. a faulty monitor 3. a loose cable 2. a missing cursor 4. a power outage

b. How many cables does the help-desk employee ask the customer to find? 1. one 2. two 3. three 4. none

c. Why is the customer's office dark? 1. Because the lights don't work. 3. Because the electricity is off. 2. Because he turned off the lights. 4. Because it's night time.

d. Where does the customer keep the computer box and manuals? 1. under the desk 2. in a drawer 3. in a closet 4. at home

e. What does the help-desk employee tell the customer to do with their PC? 1. Have it repaired. 3. Exchange it for a new one. 2. Sell it. 4. Take it back to the shop.

3. Which adjectives describe the help-desk employee? Which describe the customer?

patient unprofessional arrogant dumb incapable disbelieving

4. The help-desk employee was fired. Do you think this was right?

119

KEY READING SKILLSReading skills: Identifying the topic STUDY SHEET 4, PAGE R4

1. Check (V) the best title for the help-desk dialogue.

a. D Customer is always right

b. D The unhelpful help desk

c. D Computer problems cause chaos

d. D The customer you hope you never have

2. Check (V) the best topic for the help-desk dialogue.

a. D It's important to have software support .

b. D Computers are useful in our daily lives.

c. D Some people don't understand computers at all.

d. D Computers can be a waste of time and money.

3. Read this newspaper article and choose the best headline and topic.

Derek Langborne was sitting in his living room when a flaming log rolled out of the fireplace. He carefully picked the log up and took it outside. However, he brushed it against a curtain on the way out. He put the log down on his driveway and returned to find his curtains and door on fire. While calling the fire department, he noticed that the log in the driveway had set fire to his car. When running outside with a bucket of water, he tripped over a gas container and set himself on fire. Fortunately, the fire department arrived quickly. Mr. Langborne survived with minor injuries and his house was saved.

Title

a. D Fire department to the rescue

b. D Terrible accident ends safely

c. D Man sets house, car, and himself on fire

d. D There's nothing like a real fire

Topic

a. D The fire department

b. D Fire risks in the home

c. D The problem of fireplaces

d. D A bizarre series of fire accidents

120

r=oJTm 1&

Word review For each word or phrase in italics, choose the word or phrase below that has a similar meaning.

The training video A company with a five-year perfect safety record showed a training video to its workers. It was a. supposed to encourage safety at work. b. According to "Industrial Machinery News," the accidents shown were so terrible that twenty-five c. employees d. suffered minor e. injuries in their hurry to leave the room. Thirteen others fainted and one man went to the hospital after he cut his head falling off a chair while watching the video. f. Sources say that the company g. accepts the video was too h. real.

a. 1. believed to 2. meant to b. 1. as reported by 2. because of c. 1. workers 2. volunteers d. 1. escaped 2. experienced e. 1. wounds 2. inconvenience f. 1. the hospital 2. people g. 1. agrees that 2. dislikes h. 1. artistic 2. accurate

Talk about it

1. Think of a funny thing that once happened to you. Make notes.

When was /t?

Where wereyou?

What happened?

Who wereyou w/th?

Why was /t funny?

2. Make a group of four. Tell your story.

~ACTIVITY 3 PAGE A6

121

II Globalization 1. Look at these pictures. Choose

one and describe it with your partner.


_ What can you see?)

Who are they?.r--Where do they live? . __ , r4

122

· ...J KEY READING SKILLSPreview /If' ~

STUDY SHEET I. PAGE RI



Unit 19

Unit 20

Unit 21


a. According to the International Labor Organization, up to 250 million children aged five to fourteen work in dangerous conditions. Do you know where your jeans were made? What about your shoes or computer?

b. The barriers that separate nations are steadily disappearing as the international flow of people, goods, money, and technology increases.

c. Good for some: over one billion dollars of goods and services are traded on foreign exchange markets every ninety minutes.

Bad for others: the United Nations estimates that 1.9 billion people will be living on less that one dollar a dayby the year 2015.


123

Unit 19 Winners and losers 1. Read this information.

globalization /gloobola'zer]on / l!OWI the idea that the world is developing a single economyand culture as a result of improved technology and communications and the influence of very large multinational companies: Many anti-capitalists are opposed toglobalization.

t

( "The most effectl.ve

strategy is to enop ,

L

. overty reduction ~ trong, dynamic,

f

"It can be sOmething . mamtam as"

. global economy· and growmg G8 statement

gO~d for man and SOCIety, but could also

j pr~ve harmful, With senous co

nsequences. " Pope john Paull/

J"We are' .In a struggle agaInst a globalization that has n I princi lOPace for

pes, values, and standards."

Bill Jordan, Union leader


Think about it

1. With your partner, think of three advantages and three disadvantages of globalization.


I

124

Vocabulary skills: Guessing meaning from context J KE~~~~~~Wf~rG~~',LLS

1. Read this text and match each word in italics with its meaning.

The case FOR globalization "Global production helps rich countries 1. in terms oflower-cost products and poor countries by creating jobs, experience with advanced technologies, and investment. Eventually, a poor country can 2. 'graduate' from being 3. a mere supplier of 4 . components to becoming an 5. innovator."

Jeffrey Sachs, D irector of t he Center for Intern ational Development, Harvard Un iversity

a. .. ........ by providing them with d. ...... .... only a

b. .... ...... leader e . ....... ... parts

c. ...... .... move up

2. Read this text and choose the correct meaning of each word in italics.

The case AGAINST globalization The idea that poorer countries will a. prosper from globalization is not supported by the facts. Multinational companies b. undermine this "win-win" concept of globalization to make more profit. They c. exploit local work forces, paying low wages so they can produce goods more cheaply. When workers demand d. fair wages and better working conditions, the company simply e. shifts production to another country. The only winners in globalization are the multinational companies.

a. 1. benefit 2. agree to 3. take part in b. 1. use 2. support 3. act against c. 1. take advantage of 2. help 3. employ d. 1. sufficient 2. reasonable 3. open-minded e. 1. stops 2. increases 3. moves

Predicting 1. You are going to read how globalization has affected two women who run

their own companies. With your partner, look at these words and try to guess each woman's story.

Agwanda expandingph . Liew successful cheap

YSlcally disabled jewelry

China importsmarket decline

Kenya worldwide Philippines


125

~ }j ~ ~ ~ 31 ~ V Back Stop Refresh Home Search History Print Edit Discuss Translate

AQdress I http://www.unifem.undp_~~~3!y.~~_~~summitlken.ta.htmI Links ~ Customize Links ~ FreeHelma. ~ My Presario ~ M,l¢>JlaVi; ta ~ MyCity ~ Search ~ ServiceandSupport ~ Shopping

Globalization: friend or enemy? Ms. Caroline Awuor Agwanda was only twenty-one years old when she founded Hyacinth Ornaments Production Enterprise (HOPE), a Kenyan

business that

specializes in making traditional jewelry.

Now twenty-four, she is proud of what she has achieved-a business that supports her large family and the twenty women working for her. Her achievements are also notable because Agwanda is physically disabled. She explains that "HOPE was

created to give hope and employment to the discouraged-women, the disabled, and orphans." She's giving a fair wage to people who are often exploited.

Now her business is expanding even more as various women's groups and disabled organizations join. They see a growing domestic and worldwide market for their handicrafts. Agwanda is

also expanding the range of products, and now her company makes ornaments and furniture, too. "My disability has not affected my business," she says. Rather, she finds people don't give her the recognition she deserves because she is so young. Another problem is finding money to pay for the expansion .

However, Agwanda remains positive. "I want to share my experience in handicrafts at the global level and in all corners of the world and implement the idea of HOPE," she says. And in todav's global economy, she feels she can do just that.

Ms. Agwanda's efforts were recognized by the United Nations Women's Fund (UNIFEM) in August 2000, when she was awarded a prize for outstanding entrepreneurial achievement.

• .~

•

(

- -~ .

~ Done

Until recently, Angela Liew, thirty-six, was prospering in the Philippines. Starting from her home with a mere handful of

part-time helpers, she built abig business out of making ceramics. She employed over one hundred people and supplied plates and ornaments all over the world. But this year, Liew might have to close her factory and layoff the few remaining workers.

The problem is that cheap ceramic imports from China are undermining her success. As globalization has opened up markets, more and more goods from other countries can come in.

With its even cheaper labor costs, China is now able to produce the lowest-priced ceramics on the planet. Liew's home market of the Philippines has been badly hit . But more importantly for her business, her exports to other countries have also declined rapidly.

"Why would the U.S . and Europe still care to buy from us?" she wonders. She feels that globalizat ion has destroyed her business.

;;JMy Computer

Ad apted from " Spreading Hope Through Kenya and Beyond," www.unifem.undp.org

126

c


a. What country does Agwanda live in?

b. How long has she had her business?

c. How many pe ople did Liew use to employ?

d. Why has her business declined because of globalization?

e. What two difficulties does Agwanda have as a businesswoman?

1 .

2 .


a. . Agwanda thinks that globalization will help her business expand.

b. Liew feels her business will recover.

Agwanda's company makes jewelry, ornaments, and furniture.

d Because Agwanda is disabled, her business has suffered .

e Liew feels she can still export to the U.S. and Europe.

3. How does each woman feel now? Write the adjectives below the

Agwanda feels .. . correct person. . .

ambitious angry ........ ................ ......... ..................... .. ... ... ... .... ..... .... confident optimistic

................. .... .... ....... .... ................ ...... .......... .......... powerless resentful

Li ew feels .. , ......... ........ ................ ......... ................. ........ ........ .. .

...... ................. ................ ....... ............ ........ ............

....... ... .... ........ .................................... ......... ........ ...

4. Do you think globalization is the only reason for their success or failure?

127

· kil! S · KEY READING SKillSRead Ing 5 I s: canning STUDYSHEET S. PAGE RS

I. With your partner, each choose a different story from the text "Globalization: friend or enemy?" Read the story again and make notes.

2. Use your notes to tell your partner the story. Do not look at the text.

3. Read these questions. Then scan the text below to find the answers. Find ...0 3MINUTES

a. three reasons why local competitors were more successful than multinationals.

b. two ways that Whirlpool is successful in India.

c. four reasons why Kodak is successful in China.

d. what these statistics refer to.

I. 17%

2. 60%

3. 80%

Globalization success stories The old approach of multinat ion al companies to globali zation was simple: move in quickly, make huge deals, and watch the profits come in. But this approach proved unsuccessful. Local competitors quickly caught up, with cheaper products and better marketing. They had a better image, too; many large multinational companies became the targets of protest against corporate greed and insensitivity.

Today, companies have to cooperate on a more local level, with local people, if they are to succeed. They realize they must take the time to learn about local cultures.

The washing-machine manufacturer Whirlpool is one example. By working with local people to deliver and collect payment and by modifying machines for local tastes, Whirlpool's sales in India have leapt over 80 %. It projects demand overseas will grow 17% through 2009.

Kodak has thousands of small shops across China, all owned by local people . Kodak provides finance and training and even allows its equipment to be used as loan security before it's paid for. Kodak's market share in China has doubled since 1995 , to 60%.

The way forward, it seems, is for smarter globalization; globalization that spreads the benefits to local people.


128

Word review

Use the words and phrases in the box to complete this text.

decline experience factory growing layoff market product support

Globalization: problem or solution?

For some people, globalization is the cause of almost all the problems in today's

world; from environmental pollution to a unemployment and

poverty. Whenever a b has to c its workers,

or the popularity in the d of a particular e .

begins to f. , some people say it's due to globalization. Yet those

who g globalization say it's good for everyone. They say that

globalization is the way forward , and we are all winners in a great global

h Whoever we believe, only one thing is for sure-if

globalization is here to stay, then so are the protests.

Talk about it

1. Read these statements. Check (V") your opinion.

What's your opinion?

Globalization is ... Yes Maybe No

a. good for people everywhere. D D D b. bad for the environment. D D D c. teaching people to work together in peace. D D D d. only good for people in developed countr ies. D D D e. just something that involves big international compan ies. D D D f. bad for people in poor and less-developed countries. D D D g. destroying traditional cultures and values. D D D h. unavoidable. D D D i. just a trendy new phrase that means nothing new at all. D D D


~ACTIVITY I PAGE A7

129

Unit 20 Ethical trading


. h t p to 1 3 billion The United Nations estimates tau . worldwide live on less than one dollar per day.

When there are millions starving, I think that there must be something

fundamentally wrong ... the market isn't something that has got a total autonomy out there. The market is controlled and

run by human beings.

l ' k" g trade and "I don't think in in d t"ve

, h is is a very pro uc 1human n g process," Robe rt Hormats.

f G Idman Sachs Vice Chairman 0 0

Arch bishop Desmond Tutu , South Africa's Nobe l Prize winner


Think about it

1. Read these statements and check (V) your opinion.

In my country .. . Yes No

a. salaries for people in top jobs are far too high . DD b. th e lowest-paid wo rke rs earn enough mo ney to be able to live. DD c. th ere is no job secu rity. Companies can h ire and fire people as DD

th ey wish.

d. th ere are many compan ies th at do not treat their worke rs we ll. DD e. workers in some jobs have no rights or prot ection by unions. D D


130

Vocabulary skills: Connecting words #-) KE~;'~~~~~lf.'~rG~~~LLS

Complete this text using the words in the box.

Although Because Because of Meanwhile What's more When

Who wants coffee?

Coffee is the world 's top-selling product

after oil. It is worth around $55 billion

per year. a international

companies make millions, the coffee

farmers get few benefits . An estimated 20

milli on families worldwide struggle just

to survive. b , with coffee

prices constantly changing, farmers never know how much they'll get for their

crops. c. they are forced to sell at the lowest possible price, they

remain trapped in poverty.

d market prices hit an all-time low in early 200 1, the nightmare for

coffee farmers got even worse. e the drop in price many farmers

went bankrupt, and whole families became unemployed. f. , coffee

companies claimed a rise in profits of up to fort y-one percent.

Predicting

1. Look at the title of the Internet article you are going to read.

~----j 2. Check (v') what you think you will read about.

a. D How consumers can help support producers in poor countries

b. D The importance of sharing the profits from international trade more equally

c. D Companies that have an ethical trading policy

d. D Government plans for expanding trade with developing nations

e. D Reducing the debt of countries in the developing world


131

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Cafedirect

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Ethical investment

Home

Fair trade John Hilary

"We didn't make enough to live on before. Now we get a better price and the money comes directly to us. I can buy more food, I can

help support my daughter at university, and take care of my son ."

-Bertilda Gamez Peres, Vincente Talavera Cooperative, Nicaragua, now

selling her coffee to Cafedirect on a fairly traded basis

The fair-trade movement aims to help protect the rights and working

condit ions of producers in developing countries. Because they buy products

directly from the people who grow or make them, fair-trade organizations

can return up to forty percent of the retail pri ce of an item to the producer.

What's more, fair trade guarantees stability fo r producers, protecting them

agai nst changes in the market through secure, long-term prices.

When they join fair-trade organizations, producers agree to use democratic

pr inc iples to ensure that working conditions are safe and comfortable. They

also g ive producers a say in how their products are created and sold.

Producers with employees are encouraged to provide benefits such as

health care , child care, and access to loans. Producers are also encouraged

to reinvest their profits into the communities, by building hospitals, schools

and im proving facilities .

The fair-trade movement is not restricted to food. Crafts, cloth ing, jew elry,

and furniture are fairly traded in the same way-and the movement is

growing throughout the world. Business generated by fair-trade organizations

in Europe and the U.S. now accounts for an estimated $400 mill ion. Although

that's just 0.01 % of all g lobal trade, it's a significant first step.

Maybe one day, all products will be traded fa irly. Meanwhile, simply by

choosing to buy products that are traded fairly now, you can offer producers

in the world 's poorest countries a secure future- check out the links on this

page , and put your money where your mind is.

.~ D;;;;;-- - ----- -- -II -1~ My CompUler

Adapted from "Fai rtrade," www.oneworld.net

132



a. Who wrote the article?

b. Who is Bertilda Gamez Peres?

c. What's the name of the company she sells her coffee to? .

d. Who does she help with the money she gets? ..

e. Name five things that the fair-trade movement buys from producers.

1 . 4 .

2 .. 5 .

3 .


a. Up to what percent of the retail price can producers get if they sell to fair-trade organizations? 1. 25% 2. 30 % 3. 40% 4. 50%

b. How can fair-trade organizations offer a good price to producers? 1. by buying at forty percent of the retail price 2. by buying a variety of products 3. by buying in developing countries 4. by buying from them directly

c. What can fair-trade organizations guarantee their producers? 1. to buy all their goods 2. to provide schools and hospitals 3. to offer a fixed price for a long period 4. to reinvest profits into communities

d. What does the fair-trade movement encourage producers to do? 1. use profits to help the community 2. export more 3. expand and employ more workers 4. specialize by producing one thing only

e. How powerful is the' fair-trade movement? 1. It has a lot of P' tical power and can influence governments . 2. It's huge, and dominates trade with the developing world. 3. It's small, but r ,)\ ng steadily. 4. It is limited o.uy tv coffee farmers .

3. Do you know any shops that sell fair-trade products?

133

o k011 S d di ", J KEY READING SKILLSRead Ing S IS: pee rea mg ,. ~

STUDY SHEET 10. PAGE RIO

1. 0 Read this text quickly. Time yourself.

Number of words: 155 / Time : .

Ethical trading If someone told you that you were supporting a business that treats children badly, you 'd probably be very surprised. However, you may be doing exactly that. Perhaps the gift you bought for your friend was made by a child, working twelve hours a day in a dark room for no pay. Large multinational corporations spend millions every year on advertising and marketing, trying to convince consumers we should buy their products. Yet they spend a lot less on showing where those products come from and the conditions of the workers who they employ. Ethical trading groups say consumers should demand accurate and honest labeling of all products. To buy is to vote. Companies that are unfair to their workers can only survive if consumers buy their goods. By choosing not to

buy their goods, consumers can force them to change their business practices . Consumers need to join together to defend the rights of workers who cannot defend themselves.

2. 0 Read this text quickly. Time yourself.

Number of words: Ill/Time: .

The benefits of ethical business A business with a good reputation can expect loyal customers. Most people prefer to support businesses that are socially responsible and contribute to the communities where they operate. What's more, ethical companies benefit from having workers who like their jobs because they are happy to work in a respected company. In addition, ethical companies can have a positive influence on the public. People are more likely to respect the views of businesses that have shown a commitment to society. Success leads to success: a company with a good reputation will be trusted. And a company that is trusted will get more customers.

3. Cover the texts and make notes about what you remember. Then tell your partner.

134

Word review


A fairer way to trade In 1992, a report by the Washington Post showed Chinese prisoners making Levi's jeans in Saipan. Levi Strauss immediately took I. steps to 2. develop strict working standards for all of its overseas suppliers. The 3. movement spread, and now many companies 4. provide safe and fair 5. conditions for their workers. Some products have labels, such as the Rugmark, which started in Germany. This label 6. guarantees that the carpet has been produced without the use of child labor. Employees and customers can now 7. have a say in how products are made and where the 8. profits go.

a. create e. idea

b. action f. money made

c. give g. promises

d. help decide h. working environment

Talk about it 1. Read this list of ways people can support ethical trade. Check (V') the three

ways you think are the most important.

a. D Only invest in companies with an ethical trading policy.

b. D Try to buy products from companies that have good working conditions.

c. D Don't buy products from companies that use child labor.

d. D Don't buy products from companies that support governments that are unfair to their citizens.

e. D Write to the government to express your concern .

f. D Join a pressure group and tak e an active part.

g. D Demonstrate outside the shops of companies that exploit their workers.


~ACTIVITY 2 PAGE A7

135

Unit 21 A small world Describe these pictures with your partner.

"In a globalizing world, where information and images are routinely transmitted across the globe, we are all regularly in contact with others who think differently, and live differently from ourselves.

tr

Anthony Giddens, Runaway World:

World Tourism Organization How Globalization is Reshaping our Lives

Estimated number of tourists 2020 : 1.56 billion Top three tourist regions: Europe (717 million)

East Asia and the Pacific (397 million) The Americas (282 million)

Think about it

1. How does globalization affect your lifestyle? With your partner, can you think of ...

a. five foreign foods you som etimes eat ? b. four foreign pop groups you like? c. three popular forei gn shops you know? d. two places in your country foreigners like to visit? e. a place in your city where you can meet foreigners?

2. In what other ways is your life more international now than it was in the past?

136

ED KEY VOCABULARY SKILLSVocabulary skills: Suffixes STUDY SHEET 6. PAGE V6

1. For each word below, underline the suffix. Then write the part of speech and use your dictionary to check the meaning.

Part of speech Meaning

a. traditional

b. wonderful

c. definitely

d. unforgettable

e. relaxation

2. Match each word on the left with a suffix on the right.

a. backpack d d. great y b. organize ing e. limit er c. particular ly f. risk ed

3. Use the words above to complete this text.

Seeing the world a . I I ' b I ith......................... IS a great way to trave. t IS popu ar wit

young people. Traveling as a backpacker is independent and cheap. For

adventurous people on a c budget, it's a great way to see the

world. There is a d opportunity to meet local people, as well as

travelers from other countries, than on an e tour. Some people

think it 's f. , but all you need is good planning and common sense!

Predicting

1. Look at the heading of the advertisement from a magazine you are going to read.

Enjoy the vacation of a lifetime! - J-2. What do you think you will read about? Check (V") your answers.

a. D A weekend break in a quiet location

b. D A vacation by the sea somewhere hot and sunny

c. D A luxurious package tour of many countries

d. D A safari in Africa

e. D A short skiing trip


137

II

Enjoy the vacation of a lifetime! Around the world in twenty days!

World Adventure Co. offers a great opportunity for a world-class adventure.

Your around-the-world adventure begins as you fly first-class overnight from New York to Hawaii, where a warm "Aloha" and traditional flowers welcome you. Your worries will melt away as you enjoy two nights' stay in the luxury Ocean Bay Resort at Hualalai . World Adventure guests enjoy rooms with an ocean view.You'll spend the first morning exploring the beautiful Waipi 'o Valley by helicopter. The rest of the time, you're on your own. For relaxation, nothing beats sunbathing on the island's excellent beaches-the best in the world!

Then you'll fly to New Zealand for two nights in Christchurch. You'll definitely like the local food and get a taste for the culture, too. And what spectacular scenery!

Next stop: Sydney-for two nights, one of them including a trip to the famous Opera House. And you'll have plenty of time to shop and to mix with the friendly locals.

From there, it's on to Hong Kong! Here, you will stay two nights in the well-known Peninsula Hotel. You'll take the Star Ferry to Hong Kong island, and walk to the top ofVictoria Peak for one of the best views in the world over the city and the harbor. There will be time for a bit more shopping at


a. What is the name of the company offering the vacati on?

b. How many da ys is the vacation?

c. How many different coun tries does the vacation include?

d. Where is the Golden Palace Hotel?

e. Name three rare animals you can see on safari.

1 .

2 .

3 .

138

ED

Stanley Market and along Nathan Road before you depart for two nights' stay in incredible Beijing, the capital of China.

On your first day in Beijing, you'll take a full-day tour of the amazing Forbidden City, and on day two, have lunch at the unforgettable Great Wall. The following day, you will fly first class to Delhi, India.

Enjoy an evening of dance and tasty curry before taking a morning flight to Agra for two nights' stay and a tour of the wonderful Taj Mahal.

Then to Nairobi, Kenya, for a safari in the wilderness. After refreshing yourself for the night at the Golden Palace Hotel, let our drivers take you on a four-day / three-night search for lions, elephants, and rhino. Watch and take some great photos of these rare animals close up.

Paris is the next stop and you will have a great time as you spend two days (and nights!) looking around the city. You will go to the fantastic Louvre Museum and see the Eiffel Tower, too. Enjoy great food as you eat under the stars in Europe's most romantic city.

Then, an overnight flight back to New York after what will definitely be the best trip of your life!

phone / fax 1-800-049-3000 to reserve your seat now.

• All accommodation is in five-star hotels.

• Admission to all attractions is included.

• All taxes are included.

• Rates start at $4,995 per person based on two people sharing.

• A single person is $1,250 extra.

• This price fixed for three months only! Hurry! Book now!


a. .. The vacation includes a helicopter ride in Hawaii.

b You have three days in Paris.

c. . The Peninsula Hotel is in Sydney.

d The vacation is the same price for everyone.

e. .. The flight to Agra leaves at 3:00 in the afternoon.

3. What do these adjectives describe? What country are they in?

What? What country?

a. traditional

b. amazing

c. spectacular

d. famous

e. tasty

f. unforgettable

139

ED ..

Reading skills: Separating fact and opinion J KS~~D~Es~~Jr9~p~~~LR~s

1. Look again at the advertisement. Which of these statements are facts and which are opinions? Write F (fact) or 0 (opinion).

a. For those who go on this trip, it will be the best vacation of their lives .

b. All the hotels are of a very high standard.

c. Paris is Europe's most romantic city.

d. You can get a good view of Hong Kong harbor from Victoria Peak.

e. The beaches in Hawaii are the best in the world.

2. Read this text. Then decide which statements below are facts and which are opinions.

Around the world in twenty days "How was your vacation, Mom?" I asked. "Well," she said, "I visited seven countries in twenty days." She looked

exhausted. "I'll never do it again. It was a crazy way to spend over $6,000. I didn't know where I was when I woke up each morning."

"What about the food?" I asked. "WeE, I thought it was delicious," she said, "but it always came at the wrong

time! They saidit was dinner, but my body wanted breakfast!" "Too bad. That was definitely jet lag." 'The tour guide said it was. I was so tired for the first few days, all I wanted

to do was sleep!"

Fact Opinion

a. The mother visited seven countries. D D b. It was a crazy th ing to do. D D c. She often didn't know where she was. D D d. The food was delicious. D D e. She had jet lag. D D

140

m Word review


Youth hostels If you are looking for a. adventure and want to b. explore many places quite cheaply, then save money by staying in a youth hostel. Youth hostels are great places to stay for people of all ages. The c. price you pay depends on the number of people you share a room with, and the d. rates are very good. You can wash your clothes and cook there. They are also excellent places to e. mix with other travelers. If you want f. luxury, then go somewhere else. But if you are looking for g. relaxation and a friendly face, then h. search for the Hostelling International (HI) sign. Don't forget to book in advance-these places are popular!

a. 1. excitement 2. new friends b. 1. leave 2. travel to c. 1. amount of money 2. time d. 1. charges 2. standards e. 1. socialize 2. cook f. 1. to be alone 2. great comfort g. 1. fun 2. rest h. 1. look 2. ask

Talk about it . 1. Read these opinions. Check (V") the ones you most agree with.

The more tourists visit other cultures,I'd love to travel around the more they destroy them.the world some day.


~ACTIVITY 3 PAGE A7

141

That's entertainment Describe these pictures with your partner.

,I can see .. . ~

~ It looks like oj00

I think this might be . 0 0 )

-r-c-----

142

KEY READING SKILLSPreview S1;UDY SHEET I. PAGE RI



Unit 22

Unit 23

Unit 24


a. New technology is changing the face of home entertainment. Now we can play games, watch movies, and surf the Internet using one machine.

b. Zapcats are small, extremely fast boats that always excite crowds who come to watch them race.

c. The first Harry Potter movie broke all box office records in the U.S. when it opened, taking over $93 million in the first weekend!


143

Unit 22 Entertainment trends

1. Describe these pictures with your partner.

2. Where do you see these things? Match each picture with a place.

art museum concert hall baseball park

movie theater am'usement park theater

Think about it

1. Interview your partner. Which of the following types of entertainment does your partner enjoy?

How often do you ... Often Sometimes Seldom

a. watch live sports even ts? D D D b. go to th e th eater? D D D c. go to th e movie th eater? D D D d. visit mu seums? D D D e. go to amuse me nt pa rks? D D D f. listen to live musi c con cert s? D D D


144

KEY VOCABULARY SKILLS STUDY SHEET 8, PAGE V8Vocabulary skills: Prefixes

Match each prefix with a word in the box. Then use the new words to complete the text.

expensive legal liked practical rati onal successful

a. dis . c. in ...... ................. e. il. ..

b. ir. . d. im ...... ................ . f. un ..

The beginning of television

In 1925 , after many 1. attempts, Scottish inventor John Baird

created the first moving images. Some people 2 the invention,

saying it was evil and should be 3 Fortunately, no one listened

to these 4 claims. This wa s the beginning of television! The first

" h .". L d . 1936 H . 5program went on t e air In on on In . owever, It was .

to manufacture televisions in large numbers until the 1950s. Later, black and

white televisions changed to color. Today, a TV is relatively 6 and

a central part of life for people all over the world.

Predicting 1. Look at the headline of

the newspaper article you are going to read.

2. What do you think you will read about? Check (V) Yes or No.

Yes No

a. The increasing popularity of books as a form of entertainmen t

b. Ways traditional book publishing is adapting to new situations

c. The merger of several book publishing companies

d. News of libraries closing due to lack of demand

e. Famous authors and their work

D D D D D

D D D D D


145

In News World's Future Poll, there was an even division over whether people will spend more or less of their leisure time on reading by the year 2020.

According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, the number of hours Americans spend reading each year has been around 100 since 1985. But according to Albert Greco, a specialist in media economics, it's becoming more difficult for books to compete against high-tech developments such as music delivered over the Internet . He expects books to become less popular.

News World Magazine-22 May

To make books more popular, publishers are trying everything from publishing more large-type books for aging readers (studies show that people read more as they get older) to copying Hollywood and concentrating on sequels, spin-offs, and branding-linking books to movies and television.

But David Rosenthal of Simon and Schuster predicts that books will have to find their own unique place in the market. He says that people will continue to buy books because books can be much deeper than television and web surfing. And there are times when reading electronically is simply impractical, for example when standing in a very crowded train. Rosenthal also predicted a better-made book, with greater attention given to cover design and higher quality paper, emphasizing "the book as a sign of status and permanence." And though it may seem irrational in the twenty-first century, some people just like the way a book feels.

Publishers are trying to keep up with the technological advances that are transforming the way people read. Books that readers download electronically are inexpensive for publishers to produce because there are almost no manufacturing or distribution costs. If the idea of electronic books catches on, publishers will no longer have to worry about being left with unsold copies of a book that the public disliked.

So, in the words of Mark Twain, reports of the death of reading have been greatly exaggerated: it seems that the book as a traditional form of entertainment will be around for some while yet.

146



a. Who wrote the article?

b What is the name of the ma gazine?

c. How many hours do Americans spend reading per year?

d. Albert Greco is an expert on what subject?

e. What three predictions does David Rosenthal make about the future of books?

1 .

2 .

3 .


a The increasing availability of music over the Internet is bad for book sales.

b Older people read less, as their eyesight is not as good.

c. .. Books that relate to movies and television programs are popular.

d E-books are more expensive for publishers to make than traditional books.

e Information in books is usually more th orough and detailed than TV or the Internet.

3. What five forms of entertainment are mentioned in the article?

a ..

b ..

c ..

d .

e .

4. Do you think that electronic books will ever be as popular as traditional books?

147

KEY READING SKILLSReading skills: Understanding the main idea STUDY SHEET 7. PAGE R7

1. The topic of the article "Do books have a future?" is the future of books. Which one of the following best gives the main idea? Check (II) your answer.

a. D Traditional books are finished as a form of entertainment.

b. D Book publishing can only be saved by developing electronic books.

c. D There will always be a healthy market for electronic books.

d. D New technologies will replace traditional book publishing before 2020.

e. D Traditional book publishing can survive, but it must adapt with technology.

2. Read this text. Check (II) the most appropriate main idea.

The future of the performing arts A fundamental change is happening in entertainment around the world. People are relying more and more on their televisions and CD players for their entertainment. The problem is that people want to choose what they do and when and where they do it. This makes home-based entertainment more attractive than live performances. The biggest and best-known theaters, located in large cities, find they have to focus on glamorous productions with top stars to attract the crowds. Meanwhile, many small and medium-sized arts organizations face growing financial pressures.

a. D People go to the theater because they want to see famous stars.

b. D The most successful arts organizations are ones in big cities.

c. D Live performances are becoming less popular because people prefer to stay home for their entertainment.

d. D Only the biggest theaters and arts organizations will survive in the future.

e. D There are fewer and fewer entertainment choices these days.

3. Read this text.

Merging technologies As TV and Internet technologies advance, they also begin to merge. Increasingly, this cooperation means that viewers can interact with their TV in unconventional ways. For example, via instant messaging and online chat. Viewers can also react to television advertising and select from a growing number of individual program options. This transformation of television programming and Internet access is changing the face of home entertainment.

4. Which sentence gives the main idea? Underline it.

148

Word review

Use the words and phrases in the box to complete this text.

caught on copy development expect keep up with specialists predict unique

"Reality TV" is the latest a in television entertainment. In one

popular show-"Big Brother"-a group of ordinary people live together in a

house full of cameras. Each week, the "players" vote for one person to leave the

house. The last person to leave receives a big cash prize. Audiences love it. "Big

Brother" was b at first, but this type of program c .

quickly. Soon, television companies around the world began to d .

the idea to e the competition. However, gradually, fewer people

are watching these programs. Perhaps they have become too similar, and

everyone knows what to f. Already, g are trying to

h what the next TV entertainment fashion will be.

Talk about it 1. Read these opinions. Circle the number that shows how you feel about each

opinion.

1 = agree strongly, 2 = agree, 3 = not sure, 4 = disagree, 5 = disagree strongly

a. Reading books is a thing of the past. Libraries will disappear 1 2 3 4 5 and become more like museums as all information goes online.

b. Newspapers and magazines will soon disappear. We will get 1 2 3 4 5 all our news from the TV and the Internet.

c. Computer games will all be in 3-D and in real-time virtual 2 3 4 5 reality. You'll be able to wear a special suit and compete with people on the other side of the world.

d. There will always be people who want to see a play at a theater, 1 2 3 4 5 or a live music concert. Live entertainment will never die.

e. We will watch all the latest movies directly from home, rather 2 41 3 5 than go to a movie theater. Movie theaters will disappear.


~ACTIVITY I PAGE AS

149

Unit 2:3 Movies and movie stars Can you name these stars? What movies are they famous for?

Think about it 1. Ask and answer these questions with your partner.

a. Who is your favorite Hollywood actor? b. What's the best movie you have ever seen? c. Can you name three popular movie stars from your country? d. Who do you think is the most talented actor? e. How often do you watch a movie at the movie theater? f. How often do you rent a movie to watch at home?


150

c

KEY VOCABULARY SKILLSVocabulary skills: Word groups STUDY SHEET 4. PAGE V4

1. Match each type of movie with its description below. Underline the key words that help you identify each type.

action adventure animated comedy family h orror mystery romance science fiction

a . An exciting plot, typically following the hero through various challenges in search of lost treasure or a kidnapped lad y; often a large cast with huge special effects

b .. A hero-led, dynamic plot with lots of blood and spectacular stunts

. No bad language or scenes of sex or violence; can be enjoyed by children and adults

d .. Mostly cartoons, with cu te but believable characters, sometimes with famous actors doing the voices

e . Boy meets girl, usually with a happy ending after some conflict keeps them apart

f .. Plenty of bloody special effects as monsters or evil people try to

kill as many innocent people as they can; of course, they are generally defeated by the hero

g .. Amusing; should make you laugh

h. Look s into the future; often involves spaceships and aliens from other worlds; normally action-filled and fast-paced

i. . Something unusual happens, often a murder, and the hero must find out who, what, why, where, when, how

2. With your partner, think of a movie for each genre.

Predicting

1. You are going to read reviews for these classic movies. Choose one movie that you know. Tell your partner about it, and give your opinion.

Titanic The Abyss Star WarS-The Phantom Menace n

Jurassic ark 6ea 2. Now read the reviews. See if your opinion is similar to the one given.

151

Movie RevieW's a .

This is a wonderful production that made movie history, based on a true story of a tragedy at sea. Leonardo di Caprio and Kate Winslet are magnificent, playing two lovers. Together, they fight both class divisions and jealous Billy Zane, as Kate's humiliated fiance. A phenomenal movie with superb computer effects giving a real sense of drama as the big ship goes down. Long at three hours, but well worth it. (~'{'Cn:.? 'Cctr)

b .

George Lucas is fantastic! The action takes place before the first three movies, making this the "prequel." It features a young Obi Wan, Darth Vader, and Yoda, plus the evil Senator Palpatine, a member of the Imperial Senate, who seeks to take control of the Galactic Republic through devious means. Jar-Jar is rather irritating, but the effects are amazing and it will thrill serious fans and newcomers alike. ('~'cCn;.'{'C()

c .

A Spielberg classic with computer graphics and special effects all over the place. A great cast carries the plot well, as the unlucky band struggles to survive on an island full of dinosaurs. Top entertainment with the "theme park from hell." (i'r ~~~'{"Cn~·)

d .

A nuclear sub sinks in suspicious circumstances and the crew of an undersea drilling rig goes to the rescue. Things quickly go wrong as it becomes clear this is no routine salvage operation. This is a visually stunning movie, but James Cameron fans might be just a bit disappointed. (i'r i'ri'ri'r)

e .

The comical character plays a security guard at an art museum in England who goes to the U.S.A. to unveil a $50 million painting.

. Of course there are all kinds of slapstick results and he gets himself into hilarious situations. Some fans may feel the movie is too long and the jokes a bit forced, but it's reasonably amusing for a rainy afternoon. (i'ri'r~~)

152


1. Match each of these movies with a review on page 152.

Star Wars-The Phantom Menace Titanic Jurassic Park Bean The Abyss

2. Write the type of each movie. Then add the key words from each review that help you identify the movie and the type.

Type Key words

Titanic

Star Wars-The Phantom Menace

Jurassic Park

The Abyss

Bean

3. Answer the following questions

a. Which movie lasts three hours?

b. What kind of submarine sinks?

............ ........ ............... ....... ........ ....................... ....... ........ ....... ....... ............... ........ .......,

c. How much is the painting worth?

d. Who directed the movie about the "theme park from hell "?

e. Which movie is the fourth in a series?

4. Look again at the "Movie Reviews" text. Who do the following words refer to?

a. magnificent

b. great

c. jealous

d. fantastic

e. evil

f. irritating

g. comical

153

.J KEY READING SKILLSReading skills: Skimming STUDY SHEET 8. PAGE R8

Quickly skim this text. Then immediately check (......) which of the statements below are true. Do not look back at the text. 0 3MINUTES

The dragon Bruce Lee Jun Fan was born on 27 November, 1940, in San Francisco. The following year, he and his parents returned home to Hong Kong. His career in the movies started in 1946. "The Orphan" (1958), the only movie where he does not fight, was Bruce's twentieth movie as a child actor. In 1959, Bruce returned to the U.S. to work as a waiter for a family friend in Seattle. He studied for his high-school diploma and began to teach martial arts. Over the course of his life, he would open several martial arts schools and develop his unique style of fighting, Jeet Kune Do. He became best known as a fighter for his "one-inch punch," a move that knocked any opponent to the floor with a simple movement of his shoulders.

In August 1964, he married Linda Emery. They had two children. Brandon Lee was born in 1965, followed by a daughter, Shannon, four years later. Bruce's break into TV came in 1966, when he starred as Kato in "The Green Hornet."

But in 1971, tired of his lack of Hollywood success, Bruce and his family moved back to Hong Kong. Here, he was a huge celebrity. His next movie, "The Big Boss" (in the U.S. called "Fists of Fury"), was a great success, taking over $3.5 million in three weeks in Hong Kong alone. "The Way of the Dragon" (released in the U.S. as "The Return of the Dragon") soon followed.

Finally, Hollywood saw Bruce's potential and he was given the starring role in "Enter the Dragon." However, on July 20, 1973, just after finishing filming, he mysteriously collapsed and later died . Some said that rival martial arts masters murdered him. It is more likely, though, that a chemical in a painkiller he took for a headache was to blame. 25,000 people came to his funeral in Hong Kong, and the following month, "Enter the Dragon" was released. This classic movie and his mysterious death helped ensure his lasting worldwide fame.

a. D b. D c. D d. D e. D f. D g. D h. D

154

Word review

Match each word in italics with a word that has a similar meaning.

Asian cinema goes international l. Fans of Asian movies can finally be happy that Eastern movies are finding success in Western movie theaters. Indian movies made in "Bollywood." such as Mira Nair's 2. production called "Monsoon Wedding," are 3. thrilling audiences around the world. Hong Kong action hero Jackie Chan's 4. phenomenal popularity in Hollywood began with movies like "Rush Hour." China, too, has enjoyed 5. stunning success with" Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon," 6. featuring lots of action and a strong 7. plot. At last, Asian movies are winning many fans in the West and many of the 8. cast are enjoying worldwide fame.

a. actors e. admirers

b. amazing f. including

c. exciting g movie

d. extraordinary h. story

Talk about it

1. Read these statements. Check (V') your opinion.

Yes No

a. All movie stars are the same-they just want fame and D D money.

b. We shou ldn ' t listen to movie critics. We should make our D D own mind up about a movie.

c. Advertising in mo vies should be banned. Mo vies are for D D entertainment , not for selling things.

d. I can't stand people ta lking du ring a movie, and anyone D D using a cell phone should be asked to leave.

e. Movie stars should not complain about having no privacy. D D That's part of the job. If th ey don't like it, th ey should choose another career.


~ACTIVITY 2 PAGE AS

155

Unit 24 Extreme fun


f my fate; "I am th e master a 1"

. of my sou .1 am the capt am

William Ernest Henley _ = .L''''' '

Think about it

1. AsI< and answer these questions with your partner. Check (V") your answers.

Would yo u like to try .. . Defin ite ly Maybe Yes no t

a. icc clim bing? 0 0 0 b. ex tre me skiing? 0 0 0 c. rock climbing? 0 0 0 d. wh ite- wat er ca noeing? 0 0 0 e. mountain biking? 0 0 0 f. skydiving? 0 0 0 g. endu rance ru n ni ng? D D D h. snow boa rding? D D 0

2. Which sports are pictured above?


156

KEY VOCABULARY SKILLS STUDY SHEET 10Vocabulary skills: Words with different meanings . PAGE VIO

Read this text. Then find the words below and choose which of the two meanings is used here.

Bungee jumping is now a popular extreme fun sport, well-known around the world. But not many people know it was started by the vine jumpers of Pentecost Island in Vanuatu, in the Pacific Ocean. There, the act of jumping from the top of a high tower is something young men do to ask the gods for a good harvest.

Modern bungee jumping began in Bristol, England, in April 1979, when four people jumped off the Clifton Suspension Bridge. It's not completely safe, though: jumpers complain of dizziness, blurred vision, headaches, and body pains. Although bungee jumping is not as dangerous as it looks, if the rope and weight measurements are incorrectly calculated, then it can be very dangerous: in Australia, in the first month of bungee jumping, a former Miss Australia had an accident during a promotional jump. She is permanently handicapped now.

a. act 1. action 2. part of a play b. top 1. summit 2. best c. safe 1. harmless 2. a secu re metal box d. jumpers 1. sweaters 2. people who jump e. vision 1. eyesight 2. dream f. weight 1. influence 2. heaviness g. calculated 1. premeditated 2. worked out

Predicting

1. You are going to read a biography about Viviane Wegrath, also called "the woman in the sky." With your partner, look at these words and try to guess the story.

Swiss / architect / skydiver / move / Spain / international / competition / celebrity / gold


157

VIVIANE WEGRATH first jumped out of an airplane in 1992 in South Africa. It was an act that would change her life. She had found her calling in skydiving. To follow her new-found passion for skydiving, she left her job as an architect in Switzerland and moved to Spain to a professional skydive center. Jumping out of airplanes was her new life. In 1993, she jumped for the first time with a skysurfboard and soon started to make female skydiving history.

She has won numerous medals in top international competitions. In 1995, she won the World Championship, and in 1996, at the first Air Games in Turkey, she won silver at the unisex Skysurf World Cup.

As the sport became more popular, more skysurf events started in Europe and the U.S. With international TV coverage on ESPN, ABC Sports, and Eurosport, Viviane was soon a top

athlete and a celebrity. More success came. In 1997, Viviane

won the gold medal at the Female Skysurf World Championship and came second as the only woman in the top-level World Nature Games in Brazil. In 1998, Viviane competed at the X-Games and was the first female ever to get a medal. In Portugal, she won the gold medal at the World Cup and got first place and one more gold at the European Championship.

Viviane represents skydiving in the respected Women's Sports Foundation, where she received the 1998 Reebok Give Back Award for being an outstanding role model in this sport. In 1999, Viviane became the youngest member of the Sector No Limits Team, a group of people who are following an extreme call for adventure, freedom, and extreme entertainment. For Viviane, the dream continues. _

158


a. What nationality is Viviane Wegrath? .

b. What was her job before she became a skydiver? ..

c. How many years has she been skydiving? .

d. When did she start skydiving? ..

e. Coverage on which three television networks helped her become famous?

1 .

2 ..

3 .


a. How old was Viviane Wegrath when she started skydiving? 1. 18 2. 19 3. 20 4. 21

b. In which country did she win silver at the unisex Skysurf World Cup? 1. Brazil 2. Switzerland 3. Germany 4. Turkey

c. In the 1998 X-Games, what record did she achieve? 1. the first woman to compete 2. the first woman to get a gold medal 3. the first woman to get a medal 4. the first woman to get a silver medal

d. What is Vivianes role in the Women's Sports Foundation? 1. She represents women athletes. 2. She performs exhibition skydives. 3. She raises money for charity. 4. She represents skydiving.

e. When did she win the Reebok Give Back Award? 1. 1997 2. 1998 3. 1999 4. 2000

3. What group does Viviane belong to now?

4. What three things do people in this group look for?

1 . 3 .

2 .

159

KEY READING SKILLSReading skills: Identifying text organization STUDY SHEET 6, PAGE R6

1. Number the events in order.

a. She quits her job and moves to a training school in Spain.

b She wins the World Championship.

c. She becomes famous as a top female skydiver.

d Viviane works as an architect in Switzerland.

e . ....... ... She wins two gold medals in one year.

f. . .. .. . . . . . She joins Sector No Limits Team .

g. ....... ... She wins gold at the Female Skysurf World Championship.

h. .... .. .... She wins the Reebok Give Back Award.

i. .......... She has her first skydive and is hooked.

j . .......... She jumps for the first time with a skysurfboard.

2. Read this text. Then number the sections in order.

Skysurfing

a. .... ...... Today, there are regional events and features in venues all around the world.

b. ....e ..... Finally, it is worth noting that the sport is not without its tragedy: champion skysurfer Rob Harris was killed in an accident while filming a television commercial in Canada.

c As skysurfing technique improved, the exciting and dynamic sport attracted sponsorship, and prize money quickly increased. In 1995, at the Extreme Games, ten skysurfing teams competed for $20,000 prize money.

d. Skydivers first began experimenting with boards in freefall in 1980.

e At that time, skysurfers lay down in flight, but this was later replaced by standing up on the board.

3. Close your books and repeat the history of skysurfing with your partner.

160

Word review For each word in italics, choose the word or phrase below that has a similar meaning.

BASE jumping The a. passion for jumping off very high places such as buildings or mountains is called BASE jumping. BASE stands for Building, Antenna, Span (bridge), Earth. BASE jumpers throw themselves off famous high buildings, such as the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, the Golden Gate Bridge, the Eiffel Tower, and b. numerous other places . In most cases, the c. event gets d. TV coverage. A lot of skill is needed, but because BASE jumping is illegal in most places, the athletes aren't e. professionals-this is just what they do for fun. For them, BASE jumping f. represents the most g. extreme form of h. freedom-the opportunity to push life to the limit.

a. 1. hobby 2. enthusiasm e. 1. volunteers 2. paid workers b. 1. many 2. some f. 1. stands for 2. stops c. 1. occasion 2. person g. 1. radical 2. expensive d. 1. famous on TV 2. shown on TV h. 1. fun 2. liberty

Talk about it

1. Read these opinions. Check (II') the ones you most agree with.

People who do extreme sports show us that we have to live for today. rather than worry about the

future all the time. We need more people like them.

Extreme sports enthusiasts are mostly really boring peoplethey do this just try to give themselves some character.

I wish I had the courage to do a dangerous sport!


~ACTIVITY 3 PAGE AS

161

ACTIVITY SHEET I

1. Complete this crossword using words from Unit 1.

-

2.

J. 4.

5.

1. Our instructor showed us how to go 0 .. . . . to do research. 2. I found some great friends in a c. .... room on the web! 3. I was d ..... with my job, so I left. Now I'm a lot happier. 4. I had great s..... with Internet dating. That's how I met my wife! 5. Someone you work with is your co-w . 6. The scenery in Australia is really i I took hundreds of pictures there. 7. Listen carefully. You don 't want to m the instructions and make a mistake.

2. Unscramble these words from Unit 2.

a. cectinonon . f. ketamis

b. cessac ............... .. ....... g. ugtil

c. morfin ............. ........... h. ainanversry ..

d. ectorrc ... .... ..... ... ..... .... i. stenrep

e. gernarts ............... ......... j. urth

3. Match these pairs of antonyms from Unit 3.

important problem shydifficultYallow tind unhelpfUl

search closenesstrivial disadvantages common Positive completely

traditional negative distanceadvantages easeforbid

rare partly helpfullIlodern solution outgoing

AI

ACTIVITY SHEET 2

1. Use the words from Unit 4 to complete these sentences.

belong granted materialistic rebel refuse stand trendy unique

a. Many older people think that young people today are too : .

b. They also complain that young people take many things for .

c. Young people often want to against the older generation.

d. They may to do what their parents tell them.

e. The young need to express who they are and have a sense of identity.

f. It's important to out in a crowd and feel like an individual.

g. Many young people want to appear by wearing the latest clothes.

h. Most young people also want to to some kind of group.

2. Find these words from Unit 5.

-

T R A B E H A V I 0 R

A M R E S A S I 0 N C

G A R W T R E C T A 0

G R U M E' M I L W L N

E K E S W F Q D S L C

D E S T R U C T I 0 N

S T E R M L F U L W R

A G G R E S S I 0 N D

E J 0 U R N A L I S T

D E C 0 N C E R N E D

B E H C 0 N I 0 F U L

aggression allow behavior concerned destruction harmful journalist market

3. Complete these word lists with words from Unit 6.

due to in additiOn to since

join organizeenCOurage

Connecting words Verbs

A2

ACTIVITY SHEET 3

1. Unscramble these words from Unit 7. Then match each word with a word that has a similar meaning below.

a. sentialse

b. bogilantio

c. linaf

d. themod

e. pulparo

f. plul

1. .......... duty 3. .......... last 5 . .......... technique

2. ........ .. drag 4. .......... central 6 . .......... well-liked

2. Complete this crossword with words from Unit 8. 4.

1. There are many t.. ... about Stonehenge. 2. It's clear that it was completed in several s . 3. Some people say Stonehenge was b..... to predict the movement of the sun and moon. 4. However, no one really knows what its f..... was. 5. We don't know much about ancient building t.. ... , either. 6. Whoever built Stonehenge, it is an a..... achievement. 7. Most scientists agree it was c..... around 5,000 years ago. 8. Some of the stones, like the Heel Stone, are really e .

3. Match each prefix with a word to make a word from Unit 9.

I dis extra in ir re un un un well-

a. .......... known d. .......... covered g. .......... regular

b. .......... appearance e. .......... ordinary h. .... .... .. credible

c. .......... predictable f. .......... fortunately i. .......... explained

AJ

ACTIVITY SHEET 4

1. Complete this crossword with words from Unit 10. 2.

-

1. Our g.... . contain everything scientists need to make a human clone. 2. Parents always like it when their children r..... them. 3. Cloning animals is not especially c. ... . these days, thanks to research . 4. It may be common for future g of humans to be clones. 5. Some people say it would be a t. to clone themselves. 6. However, many people think it's wrong to r.. ... humans in this way. 7. Some parents may want their children's genes m.. ... to avoid serious illness. 8. Some parents want to choose the kind of t. .... they want their child to have.


discomfort extremely facelift operation self-conscious worried

a. I was very about my appearance when I was younger.

b. I thought I had a big nose, and when someone looked at me, I felt very .

c. I was so worried, I even thought about having an .

d. When I was forty, I told my doctor I wanted a , so I would look younger.

e. I am grateful that the doctor advised me against it.

f. Now I can accept who I am, so I don't feel any about my appearance.

3. Unscramble these letters. Then add suffixes to make words from Unit 12.

a. sidvocer .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e. sedgin

b. erstis . ...... . ...... . .......... .. r . quireer

c. dade ........................... g. pectins

d. ramh . ....... ................... h. eticeng

ally ant er less Iy ment or y

A4

ACTIVITY SHEET 5 1. Complete these sentences with words from Unit 13.

assist intelligent lifesaver lonely remember scared stupid train

a. My son is of dogs. He can 't go near them.

b. A pet is a great friend to anyone who feels .

c. Animals can people to do many things, such as walk and even hear.

d. Animals are not stupid. In fact, some animals, like dolphins, are very .

e. Dogs such as labradors are easy to .

f. People always their pets. They never forget them.

g. Birds may seem , but they're actually very smart.

h. A well-trained animal can be a real .

2. Use the letters to complete these words from Unit 14. Then match each word with its antonym.

a a c g n n 0 p r s s t t t v v yI a. ex in ti n die out

b. ut e huge

c. b ed legalized

d. lau h e ed saved

e. in slowly

f. r ___ dly survival

3. Decide if each of these words from Unit 15 is a noun, adjective, adverb, or verb. Then write a sentence to show the meaning of each word.

a. forest .':l.9.l;l,IJ..... . .!h?r? ~?r.~. J!l.CJ.IJY.. tr.~?~..Qn4. P:':l.{J!l.q./~ J1J. .~~.~.f9.~? '~~"""""""

b. enemy ..............

c. pretend ..............

d. unfortunately ..............

e. caught .............. f. traditionally ..............

g. unhealthy ..............

h. traditional ..............

AS

ACTIVITY SHEET 6


amusing black humor cartoons make fun of sense of humor underestimate

a. Some people like , but I don't see what's funny about death or illness.

b. I like reading the in the newspaper-sometimes they are really funny.

c. I like Samantha. She has a very good .

d. I have never found slapstick humor very .

e. It's better to yourself than other people.

f. Sometimes I think we silent comedies. They are actually very clever.


-

S A R T A Q u I G H C L

D C H A R Q u I F K H W

E T W E A L T H Y B A X

T a B N M U W R N N R V

W R A F G H Q R U E A Y p L U C K Y Q w M W C U

I N D E P E N D E N T a I w E R T a p D R a E p

u Q u I C K L Y a p R U

Q u a p A Q E L U K H Y

W S T A R C X T S R P Q

Q u E K L E S E R T Y U

actor character independent lucky numerous quickly star wealthy

3. Complete these word lists with words from Unit 18.

amazed gently lightly realemployee

appear in1ury save astonish

latest sourcefinally

Nouns Adjectives Verbs Adverbs

A6

-ACTIVITY SHEET 7

1. Complete these sentences with words from Unit 19. What extra word can you find?

I.

2.

4.

5.

6.

1 1 3

1 1

7

1 1

1. Many manufacturing industries have d..... due to the increasing competition caused by globalization .

2. But not everyone has had a bad e . 3. Import-export companies have p thanks to increased trading opportunities. 4. It is true that many factories have had to 1.. ... off their workers . 5. However, those factories that have developed their p ..... to appeal to new markets

have done well. 6. Some countries still have higher taxes on certain imports than others, which is

not very f . 7. In o ther cases, companies have s..... their factories to parts of the world where it

is cheaper to produce their goods.

2. These words from Unit 20 can be both nouns and verbs. Write a sentence to show the meaning of each form.

a. step .J:?9.l:l.1J... .!!:??9.9.1!f.17Z.1J:1.((m.!9.C?A.~.t.ep.~.(C?.fjgJ:a.l;I;r.?mp.l9y.m?!1!: .

.YXr.l?... .!. ~.t.epp'.e.c! .QH!. 9imy..!w.me. .fl.J:Z.cf .wt?J~eA .c:i.Q)Y,:? .r!:?? r.C?P:f( .

b. condition

c. profit

3. Unscramble these words from Unit 21. Then match each word with a suffix.

a. dratiniot d. laxer

b. redwon e. pabckack

c. feditine r. skir

al at ion er fully y

A7

ACTIVITY SHEET 8


catch development expect predict successful unique

a. It seems that TV producers are spending more and more time these days on the

...... .............. of twenty-four-hour live "reality" shows like "Big Brother."

b. However, I'm not sure these shows will really on.

c. I that soon, these shows will disappear from our TV screens .

d. To be , the program needs the cooperation of the audience.

e. When the program is no longer new or surprising, and audiences begin to know

what to , then they will want to see a different kind of show.

f. Producers always have to try to come up with a idea just to keep audiences interested.

2. Unscramble these words from Unit 23. Then check (V) whether each word refers to people, a description of a movie, or a movie genre.

People Description Movie genre

a. rillthing D D D b. catino D D D c. stac D D D d. daverntue D D D e. snaf D D D f. nutnsing D D D


-

I S F R E W D C A L E X

R A E R S E P 0 P R T C

I S R V I I A N A E W A

A F E H T G A R S G E L

F G P S C H U I S y R C

A E R F E T R 0 I P F U

F R E E D 0 M I 0 P P L

0 0 S R S C E X N T R A

E M E S A F E I D E D T

V B N D D E X T R E M E

V I T A B E R E B E Q P

B J K V I S I 0 N S B W

calculate extreme freedom passion represent safe vision weight

A8

c

II) ..J•..J r i2 KEY READING SKILLSII)

STUDY SHEET I z ~

« w a:: Previewing )0w Looking at the text quickly to discover basic information before you begin :¥: reading.

-

Title Author

Success for Snide Michael Snide's new book, "End Game" is simply wonderful. This is a well-written story about the life of a restaurant owner in downtown Los Angeles in the 1960s. Sounds boring? Not at all-Tony Ribson, the owner of the restaurant, recalls his childhood days full of excitement and adventure. We find out about his colorful friends and his experiences working at the restaurant. We also follow our hero through several marriages and meet some of his more unusual customers. Snide's style of writing is fast and funny; the story moves as quickly as the train home. ( ')~~{'C{' C('~{~) Book review'?

How to preview • Read the title. • Read any headings. • Notice any names, dates, numbers, or charts. • Study any pictures. • Notice the type of text (article, poem, etc.).

Think Where is the text from? What is the topic? What do I know about this topic?

Practice Preview a unit in this book. What is the unit title? What pictures are there? What is the title of the main text? What is the main text about?

RI

III•....I ....I

~J KEY READING SKILLS III

~ STUDY SHEET 2 C) Z C ~ wIdentifying cohesion a::: )0Understanding how sentences in the text join together w ~

The causes of cancer

One of the biggest killers in the world is cancer. There are many possible causes of th is terrible disease.

• Of all smokers, over half will die from tobacco if they don't stop .

• Radiation from the sun can cause skin cancer. Children especially may be affected by this if their skin is not protected.

• Scient ists estimate that thirty percent of all cancers are a result of poor diet. They say a balanced diet with plenty of fruit and vegetables is best.

• Being overweight can also cause cancer. Regular exercise and healthy eating habits will help avoid th is.

• People who drink too much increase their chances of dying from cancer. • People who work with chemicals also risk getting cancer if they are unprotected .

.

. How to identify cohesion • Always notice pronouns such as I, you, he, her, this , those, etc. • Look back in the sentence to find what they refer to. • If necessary, look in previous sentences. • Don't look to o far back.

Think What does this word refer to? What is the previous subject? Is the subject the same?

Practice Read this text. What do the words in italics refer to?

Good news! James, my best friend , phoned last night. 1. He said he had some good news. I asked him what 2. it was, but he wouldn't say. He said he was at the airport and wanted me to pack a bag and meet him 3. there. I drove to meet him, and now 4. we are in Hawaii on a two-week vacation! 5. It's a fantastic place. What a wonderful 6. present for my birthday!

R2

• KEY READING SKILLS

STUDY SHEET 3

Inferring meaning Understanding information that is not in the text by "reading between the lines"

The music was great and everyone in the room was / dancing and having fun. When Alan arrived wearing ~/ !. ' II 1','1'111,,11'1

r l p ' lrf ll:' Armani suit d tth~ J ' · · " 'f l l ' · ' :~. . a new am SUI , everyone was amaze a e tit , ~.. I { ,

change in his appearance. Angela smiled and asked , ~v'ms "Vt : clotl«:» ,

him to dance. Then Sue and Mark came in, but they r l l ~tfdt1 I,.kc:,> A!. I1I. weren't smiling and didn't speak to each other all ~ I I' I t ; LI

rut. " 1~lf 1 :night.

How to infer meaning • Decide if adjectives are positive or negative. • Look for important verbs and think about their meaning. • Read the text as an observer. • Decide how the ideas relate to each other.

Think Can you make any deductions from information in the text? What is the writer really trying to say? What impression do the words give?

Practice Read this paragraph and underline the words that tell you ... a. June is unhappy. b. It is her birthday. c. She is married with children. d. They forgot her birthday.

A special day June was crying in her room. "I'm thirty today, and no one cares," she thought. Her husband, Steven, and their two boys were outside playing basketball. They were laughing and having fun. They didn't know that today was a special day.

R3

III ..J•

r: ..oJ

# J KEY READING SKILLS STUDY SHEET 4

~ III

CJ Z C

Identifying the topic « w a::

Understanding the main subject of the text > w ~

Every year, Scottish people around the world celebrate the life of their great poet, Robert Burns. He is famous for writing the traditional New Year's Song, "Auld Lang Syne." On the evening of his birthday, there is a big party where people eat traditional food and drink Scotch whisky.

Topic: a. New Year in Scotland b. Celebra ting Burns Nigh t c. Traditional Scottish food d. The history of whisky

How to identify the topic • Think about the meaning of the whole text. • Try to identify a theme that connects each sentence. • Look for examples that may explain the topic. • Don't focus on individual words.

Think What is the text about? What topic connects the important words? Are any ideas repeated or developed? Is the topic the same for all sections of the text?

Practice Read this paragraph and identify the topic.

Opened in 1973, the Sydney Opera House is one of the most famous buildings in the world. Its design, by Danish architect Jerri Utzon. is still considered very modern. Sydney Harbor Bridge, located nearby, is another fantastic attraction adding to the popularity of this wonderful part of the city.

a. Sydney Harbor b. Modern architecture c. The Sydney Opera House d. The history of Sydney

R4

~ ..I ~ KEY READING SKILLSIII

C) STUDY SHEET 5 Z C ct w IX: Scanning )0 Looking through a text quickly to find specific informationw ~

name of movie theater

Cityworl Cinemas 10 screen cinema Bay' View Plaza, Houst on

Friday 16-Thursday 22 November Harold Pitter-10:40 a.m. / 1:10 p.m. /3:15 p.m. Dragon Kid 2-9:15 a.m . American Hero-11 :15 a.m . / 6:45 p.m. The Lost Empire-2:20 p.m . / 5:30 p.m. /9:45 Dead or Alive-2:50 p.m.

Super screen .. speaal sedians Life with Charlie-~m . / 5:30 p.m. /7:30 p.m.

Wednesday Special Vive la France!-7:30 p.m.

Movies for Kids Saturday 10:00 a.m.

Dogs and Cats Life on Earth The Game

All movies just $4/ Children under 7 must be with an adult

Program information and reservations Tel: 985-4384 more ii1fil Booking fee $1 per ticket

How to scan • Look for headings so you can get to the right section quickly. • Keep reading. Do not read every word. • Read carefully only when you find important information . • As soon as you have the information you want, stop.

Think What information do I want to find? Is this the right place to look? What words or phrases can help me find the information I want?

Practice Look quickly through the advertisement above to find answers to these questions. 0 3MINUTES .

a. How many screens do es the m ovie theater have? b. How many movies for children are there? c. How many times is "Dragon Kid 2" on? d. How many movies are repeated three times a day? e. What is the website address? f. How much does it cost to reserve a ticket? g. What time does "American Hero" begin in the evening?

RS

III•-' -' ~KEY READING SKILLS III

STUDY SHEET 6 Cl Z C <WIdentifying text organization Ill:: )0Understanding how texts are organized W

Time order ~

Mike moved to Hong Kong in December, 1999. Afte r three mon ths, he found a job working for a computer company. The n, in 2002 , he got married and .. .

Description It was a brigh t, sunny day, and everyone seemed happy. As I walked through the beau tifu l streets, I listened to the birds singing in the trees ...

Comparison I contrast Rome is mo re roma nt ic th an Pari s, and sma ller th an many capital cities.

Cause I effect Becau se I ate too much chocolate last night, I felt sick and couldn't sleep. So I was really tired this morning and got up late .

Listing You are fired! First, you arrive late for work. Second, you don't do any work. And fi na lly, you are rude to the customers . Goodbye!

How to identify text organization • Time order: look for dates, times, and words like then, before, after, next. • Description: look for adjectives and adverbs. • Comparison I contrast: look for comparatives, superlatives, and words like

whereas, although, on the other hand. • Cause I effect; look for words like because, because of so, therefore, as a result. • Listing: look for words like first, then, last, finally, in addition.

Think What words tell me how this text is organized? How many different sections are there? Are all the sections organized the same way?

Practice Read these texts and decide how is each one organized.

a. People have many reasons for being vegetarian. First, some feel it is wrong to kill animals. In addition, some say that eating meat is unnecessary. Finally, they argue th at vegetarianism is healthier.

b. It was raining this morning, so I took my umbrella, but because I missed my bus, I arrived later for work, and as a result, my boss was mad.

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II) ..I ..I

~ KEY READING SKILLSII)

CJ STUDY SHEET 7 z a < wa: Understanding the main idea >w Understanding the writer's main message ~

Topic: The ozone layer The ozone layer protects the earth from the sun 's harmful radiation. In 198 5, scientists discovered the first signs that greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide were des troying th e ozone layer. In 1998, satellites showed that the gap in the ozone layer over Antarctica was an astonishing 27.2 million squa re kilometers.

Main idea: a. Scientists want to stop global warming. b. Pollution causes greenhouse gases. c. The destruction of the ozone layer is happen ing ex tre me ly quickly.

How to understand the main idea • First, look for the topic. The main idea will be the author's thoughts, feelings,

opinions, or ideas about the topic. • In long texts, the main idea may be in the first or final sections, or both. • Look for words or ideas that are repeated often in a text. They may help you

identify and understand the main idea.

Think Wha t is the topic? What is the writer saying about the topic? Does the writer give an opinion?

Practice Read this paragraph and identify the main idea.

Topic: Global warming Scientists predict that by the year 2100, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could increase by over forty percent, and the average global temperature could rise by as much as 3.5 degrees Celsius. The burning of oil, gas, and coal, together with the destruction of the tropical forests are to blame. If this happens, millions of people around the world will be affected by food shortages and widespread flooding.

Main idea: a. If global warming is not stopped, many people will suffer. b. Carbon dioxide is the main cause of the problem. c. It 's important to make predictions.

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,.. KEY READING SKILLS

STUDY SHEET 8

Skimming Quickly looking through a text to get a general idea of its content

}{lU ,(on't Heed to yead t:V(?ry word to Hnt!eystand WIUlf a text is allout!

The hc'p"Hntnj le/~ More and more people around the world are deciding not lOH II iof. ..--::---- to eat meat. These people are called vegetarians. They

may eat fruit, vegetables, and other foods ... but not meat. ~ There's more to the vegetarian diet than just salad. X

----- xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xx x xxxxxx xxx xx xxxxxx xx x xxx riTe he..'1ln/n..'! ofeach xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xx xxxx xx xxxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxx x faY'~9mfIT often xx XXXX. Xxxxx xxxxxxxx. Xxxxx xx xxxxxx. Xxxxxx xxxxx contains ,r to/Jle xxx xxxxxxx xxx xx xxxxxx xxxx xx. XXXXXX xx xxx xxxXXX sentence. xxx xxxxxxx XXXX. ~ Vegetarians say that meat is often diseased and it's

healthier not to eat it. Xxxxx xx xxxx. Xxxxx xx xxxx xxx xxxxx xx. Xxxxxx xx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxxx.Xxxxx xx xxxxxx. Xxxxxx xxxxx xxx xxxxxxx xxx xx xxxxxx xxxx xx.

TII.t IIlSI Fm~~:"(~flt »>". Although some people think being a vegetarian is nUll contllil~ unhealthy, it is not. We don't need meat to have a balmallt l'iea. anced diet. We all have a choice.

How to skim • Read the first paragraph. • Read the first sentence of the next paragraphs. • Read the last paragraph. • Don't read everyth ing. • Don't worry about what you miss.

Think What is the general topic of the text? What is the subject of each paragraph? Is this an imp ortant section?

Practice Look again at the incomplete text at the top of this page. Then answer the three questions under "Think," above.

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C

~•..J

~KEY READING SKILLS II)

STUDY SHEET 10 CJ Z

Cot wSpeed reading a:: >Reading faster and more effectively w ~

Mexico City is a huge ity and the capita l of Mexi o. It is an .xciting place to be,

and has an unusual mix of the ancient and mod ern . The beautiful h isto ric ce nter

is great to wa lk a ro u nd. There are many wonderful pa rks a nd museums, and

plenty of 'hopping in La Zona Rosa . The food is fa ntast ic, and amazin g valu e. For

nightlife, try the clubs in Pola n 0 , but remember that in Mexico, th ings start

a ro und 11 p.m . and go on until the morning.

How to speed read • Don 't read anything twice, and never stop. • Look at groups of words, not individual words. • Pick out important words such as nouns, verbs, names, and dates . • Ignore any words or phrases you don't know. • Read faster when you get to a part you think is not important.

Think , Is this word or phrase important? Is this section important? Can I read this faster?

Practice 1. Read these phrases quickly. Circle the phrase that is the same as the

underlined phrase. <:3 30 SECONDS

a. hang on hang in hang out hang up hang on hang over b. take part in take place in take part in take pride in take turns take time over c. going home coming home going here go home go to here going home d. told off hold off told of tell off told to told off e. thought to brought to taught to thought to thought of thought about

2. Read these phrases quickly. Are they the same or different? Write S (same) or D (different). <3 30 SECONDS

a. They said they were coming by train. They say they were coming by train.

b. Can she see his chair? Can she see his hair?

c. You didn 't do that, did you? You didn't do that. did you?

d. She bought her hat there. She bought her cat there.

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KEY VOCABULARY SKILLS STUDY SH EET 2

Using a dictionary Finding the part of speech, pronunciation, and uses of a new word by referring to a dictionary

rumor Iru:mdrt« how to pronOL nce / noun unofficial information that may be the word

part 0" speech/' true or may not be true: ~ , I heard a rumor the boss is leaving.~ explanation

rumored /ru.rnord/ example re la-ced word / ad) reported but not definitely true:

It is rumored that the company will fire 2,000 employees next April.

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How to use a dictionary • Find the part of speech of the word you are looking up. • Read the definition and any examples. • Decide if the context is the same as the word in the text. • Notice the pronunciation and any related words.

Think Do I really need to look this word up? Is there more than one meaning? Which meaning do I want? Are the examples similar to the sentence in the text?

Practice Study the example. Complete the chart.

mumble /mxmbol/ /" and really interesting. I enjoyverb to say something in a way that is

the movie but sometimes \not loud enough or clear enough so that think they mumble and Iyour words are difficult to understand: couldn't >He mumbled something about not wanting to

work.

Part of speech:

Pronunciation:

Example sentence: , .

Meaning:

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-Jr

KEY VOCABULARY SKILLS STUDY SHEET 4

Word groups Words that are related to the same theme or idea

I really hated school. I didn't enjoy any of the subjects I studied. Math was impossible, French was boring, and~ geOgraphYI\r.~~~ a waste of ti I could never understand tl,c theme 3 .

why peopm~Sed physics Q chemistry.

These arc all /11 tl,csame!jYouf '

How to understand word groups • Notice any words that are connected. • Look for nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc. • Underline words you think relate to the same theme. • Look at the words again and try to identify the theme.

Thinl< Which words are connected? What is the theme? Do different sections have similar word groups?

Practice Identify the theme for each group of words.

a. cough sore throat headache backache sneeze

Theme: j!!?'!.~~~~~ ..

b. net racket ball serve ace

Theme: .

c. pizza burgers fries hot dog take-out

Theme: .

d. baseball soccer tennis basketball golf

Theme: .

e. onion carrot tomato bean cabbage

Theme: .

V4

-KEYVOCABULARY SKILLS

STUDY SHEET 6

Suffixes Added to the end of a word to make a new word, normally in a different part of speech

Flight departure BX007 is delayed. Will all passengers kindly wait in the lounge.

depart (verh) -dt'parture (mJIlH) kt'nd (ad;ecit've)-kt'ndi)' (adverh)

How to understand suffixes

Verbs en to become shorten ize to make legalize

Nouns er / or / ist a person who teacher / instructor / typist ion state / condition destruction ness condition tiredness ship the quality of leadership ism the philosophy of communism

Adjectives . ful full of helpful less without helpless able / ible able to be breakable / responsible ive having the quality of supportive (i)ous containing humorous

Adverbs ly the way; how sadly

Think What part of speech does the suffix make the word? What meaning does the suffix give the word?

Practice Match each suffix with a word. Then write the part of speech.

I able en ful ism less ly

a. wish . d. worth .

b. threat .. . e. capital. .

c. enjoy . f. slow .

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r:

..-J KEY VOCABULARY SKILLS ~ STUDY SHEET 8

Prefixes Added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning

/. ~tl iVl"s filL' '~ 'I',)sifc I11 Ct1l1i/ ~tf

I felt very unwell during yesterday's tennis match, but I

won and am now in the semi~h a ] : {t:" ere means nail .

How to understand prefixes

Opposite meanings anti- against anti -abortion dis the opposite of dislike in not incorrect un not unimportant mis the opposite of misunderstand im not-before words beginning with m I p impossible il not-before words beginning with I illiterate ir not-before words beginning with r irregular

Other meanings multi- having many multi-purpose semi- half. or in part semi-conscious post after postgraduate pre- before pre-school co- together with co-worker re do again retake

Think Is the part of speech the same? What meaning does the prefix give the word?

Practice Add one of the following prefixes to each word.

I anti- dis il im in ir multi- post semi- un I a. ...... ....popular e. ..... .... .honest i. ....... ...war

b. .......... legible f . .......... capitalism j. ..........patient

c. ........ ..responsible g. ..........cultural

d . ..........visible h . .......... circle

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-.J KEY VOCABULARY SKILLS# STUDY SHEET 10

Words with different meanings Using a dictionary to look up words that have several meanings.

Th t"s lWYt{ lias interest I'mtrbst/ noun fvetk ffeYt?J1 f 1. a feeling of wanting to know something: mCtlJ1I11J5. They showed an interest in buying my house.

2. a quality that attracts you: This new project is ofgreat interest to me

3. a free-time activity that you enjoy doing: I have many interests and hobbies.

4. money that you pay for borrowing money from a bank or person: I had to pay $25 interest for the $100 I borrowed.

5. interest verb to make someone want to know more about something or take part in something: He tried to interest me in buying a new car.

How to understand words with different meanings • Look for the word in the dictionary that is the correct part of speech. • Remember, the most common meaning of a word is given first. • Eliminate any meaning that is definitely inappropriate. • Read the example sentences to understand each meaning of the word .

Think How many meanings are possible? Which meaning do I need? Does it make sense in the text?

Practice Write the number from above of the correct meaning of interest in these sentences.

a. Of all my various interests, stamp collecting is my favorite.

b. Many people have no interest in politics these days .

c. The final discussion was the only thing of interest in the whole day.

d. The bank said I had to pay interest, but I think they are wrong.

e. Could I interest you in something from our range of beauty products?

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I•III :Jbe lief 20 bu ild in g (n) 4 5 chall en ge (v) 25

be lievable 151 bull 98 cha llenging (adj) 37 Q II:

be lieve II bungee j u mping 157 cha n ce (n) 7 0 ~ be long 26 buria l 46 change (v) 65

be neath 57 busin ess 18 ch a nge one 's m ind 12

be nefi t (n) 4 bus inesswoma n 127 ch a ra ct e r 32

benefit (v) 134 bu t 37 chari ty 36

berry 97 butterfly 78 charming (adj) 114

be tte r-made 146 by ha n d 84 chase (v) 97

bi llio n 16 cha t (n) 4

birth 13 cha t room 5

bite (n) 48 ch eap 125

b iza rre 120 ch eck (n) 78

b lack hu m or 105 ca ble (n) 118 ch eck o u t 132

bla m e (v) 25 ca lcu la te 157 ch emica l 64

blink (v) 92 ca len da r 52 child care 20

block (n) 44 camper va n 103 childle ss 14

blood 34 ca n (n) 117 ch ildren 12

bloody 15 1 can't stan d 155 ch ill (v) 46 b lu rred (adj) 157 cancero us 79 ch impanzee 83 boa rd (committee) (n) 33 cane 11 2 ch in 65

boastful 96 cape 11 6 choice 24

boat 45 capta in (n) 156 choose 4

body 24 ca re (n) 20 cho re 87

body-b u ilde r 75 care (v) 126 chronolog ica l 8

bomber 58 career 74 ci rcle (n) 43

bone 46 ca refree 24 circumstance 152

bon us 11 2 careful 9 city 48

book (v) 139 carpe t (n) 135 cla im (n) 14 5

boost (help) (v) 109 ca rro t 79 cla im (v) 4

bo rn II ca rry out (v) 38 cla p 105

bothe r 94 ca rt oo n 105 class (school) (n) 10

bo ttle (n ) 105 ca rve 46 cla ss (sta tus) (n ) 138

bo w le r hat 112 cas e (container) 45 clay 51

box (n) 92 case (instance ) 58 clea n (v) 38

box office 143 case for / aga inst 125 clea n er 11 7

boy 13 cas t (d ra ma) (n) 151 clea r (adj) 85

bra in 99 catch (v) 98 clearly 33

brand -name 25 catch on 146 clever 6

branding (fas hion) 146 ca ug h t 98 clim at e 68

break u p (v) 72 ca use (n) 40 clim b (v) 97

b rea klast (n) 140 ca use (v) 8 clone (v) 64

b reathe 66 cave (n) 98 clo ni n g (n) 64

bridge (n) 157 ce lebra tio n 38 close (v) 49

brochure 39 celebrity 154 closeness 17

bronze 37 centra l 45 close t 11 9

br ush (v) 120 centu ry 44 clothes 24

bucket (n) 120 ce ramics 126 clot h ing (n) 87

buddy 85 certa in 33 club (n) 24

buffalo 97 cha irm a n 16 clumsy 96

bu ild (v) 38 cha lle n ge (n ) 151 co- w orker 6

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decline (n) decline (v)

125 91

disability disabled (adj)

126 38

driveway drop (of water)

120 94

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deep 55 disadvantage 17 drop (v) 48 ~ defeat (v) 151 disagree 57 drop out of 39

defect (n) 68 disagreement 81 drown out 94

defend 88 disappear 16 drug 38

defenseless 98 d isappea ra nce 58 Druid 52

deficiency 80 disappointed (adj) 8 dry 48

definitely 138 disapproval 81 due to 37

deformed (adj) 68 disapprove 25 dumb 85

degree (education) 114 disaster 58 during 46

deliberately 25 disbelieving (adj) 119 dust (n) 98

delicious 140 discomfort 72 duty 45

deliver 128 discouraged (adj) 126 dye 25

demand (n) 72 discover 20 dynamic 124

demand (v) 125 discovery 55 democratic 132 discussion 5 demonstra tion 78 disease 18 department 120 dish 87 dependent 88 dishonest 5 e-book 147

depressed (adj) 115 dislike 5 e-card 15

describe 8 dissatisfied (adj) 6 e-commerce 18

description 8 distance (n) 17 ear 99

desert (n) 44 distant 20 earn 130

deserve 126 distinction 64 earth 40

design (n) 146 distribution 146 earthquake 57

design (v) 45 district 114 ease (n) 17

designer (label) 29 disturb 46 easily 98

destroy 51 division 68 eclipse (n) 52

destruction 31 divorce (n) 112 economic 18

detailed (adj) 147 dizziness 157 economy 95

details 5 do the dishes 87 editing (n) 113

detain 117 documentary 116 educational 39

develop 8 documents I I effect 18

developed (adj) 21 dog 48 effective 39

developer 78 dolphin 84 elbow 46

development 36 domestic 126 elderly 38

devious 152 donkey 98 electrical 114

diabetes 88 double (v) 128 electricity 119

die 45 doubt (n) 30 electronically 146

die ou t 91 download 11 elephant 91

differ 67 dozen 115 embarrassed (adj) 71

difference 28 drag (v) 45 emperor 51

different 7 drama 152 empire 57

differently 136 draw (v) 54 employ 125

difficult 17 drawer 119 employee 117

difficulty 17 dream (n) 18 employment 37

dinosaur 152 dream (v) 12 empty (adj) 12

directing (n) 113 dress up 5 enable 116

directly 33 drilling rig 152 encourage 18

director 33 drive (v) 8 endangered (adj) 83

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t•III :::ifreed om 158 gre ed 128 hidden (a dj) 55

friend 87 gro w 6 hi gh-tech 146 Ca:

frighten 3 1 grow up 25 highest -pa id 111 0 ~ fright ened (adj) 85 gro w th 78 hi ghlight (v ) 39

functi on (n ) 51 gua ra n tee (v ) 95 hilariou s 152

fund am ental 148 gua rd (n) I 11 hire 130

fund amentall y 130 guard (v) 51 historic 51

fu neral 154 gues t 138 hist ory 10

Furn iture 126 g u ilt 12 hollo w 12

fu ss (n) 64 home-based 148

futu re 16 homeless 112 horn (a n im a l) 9 1 horror 151

hair 6 horseshoe 52 hairstyle 24 hospital 11

gain (v) 96 hairy 56 howl (v ) 48

ga ng (n) 26 half-brother I 12 hug (v ) 14

ge ne 64 hall 12 huge 51

general 109 hammer (11) 107 human 32

ge nera l (m ilita ry ) 36 handful 126 human being 130

ge ne rate 80 handicapped (adj) 88 human race 68

gene ra tio n 25 handicraft 126 human rights 130

ge ne tic 64 happen 25 hum iliated (a dj) 152

ge ne tica lly 65 happin ess 7 humor ( ri) 34

genetica lly m od ified 63 ha rbo r (n) 138 hunt (v) 90

ge ni e 105 ha rd 86 hunt in g (n ) 83

gent le 12 hard ware II hu rt (v) 12

ge nt ly 92 hare 96 gift 15 harm (n ) 77

giga n tic 57 harmful 32 gla mo ro us 148 harmless 78

globa l 37 harvest (n) 78 ice (n) 66

globalization 124 have a say in 132 ice climbing 156

globe 1I have an affair 8 idealistic 24

glove 48 hazard (n) 58 identity 23

glue (n) 44 headache 154 ignore 48

go crazy 26 health y 39 ill 46

goa l 19 heap (n ) 117 ill a tease 75

goa t 96 hearing (ears) (n ) 88 ill-looking 46

good -looking 6 heart 12 illegal 64

goods 123 hea vens 45 illegally 95

gorilla 89 heavily 113 illness 20

govern ment 4 1 hea vy 46 illogical 6

grade (n ) 25 helico pt er 105 image 18

gra d ua te (v) III h eli um 117 imagin ative 24

gra ndpa re n t 97 h ell 152 imitate 35

gras p (und ersta nd ) 117 help (v) 4 immed iatel y 6

grass 94 help-desk 118 immune 109

gra te fu l 88 helper 85 impact (n) 18

grea t 137 helpful 17 implement (v) 126

grea te r 137 h ero 151 import (n) 77

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:Jlook after 18 rneasu rernent 157 multi -millionaire 103

look down on 84 meat 99 mu ltin ational 124 a:C

look up to 84 medal 158 mum my 45 0 smurder (n) 32loose 119 media 30

lose 98 medical 16 murder (v) 154

loser 124 medicin e 80 mu seum 45

79 meerkat 84 mysteriou s 49loss lost 55 meet 5 mysteri ou sly 44

loud 107 melt 138 mystery 43

love (n) 3 me mber 4

love (v) 6 me mo ry 92

low er-cost 125 ment al 66

lowest-priced 126 me re 125

loyal 87 mess (n) 117 nati on al 34

lucky 93 meter (measure ment) 44 nation ality 27

lucky break 11 2 meth od 4 5 nat ion 16

lun gs 66 might y 99 natu ral 11

137 million aire 18 natu ral resource s 40 luxuriou s luxury 106 mime (n ) 114 natu rally 76

minimum 75 nature 32

minor (secondary) 120 nearby 44

mirror (n) 74 necessary 74

miserable 7 1 negat ive 17

mach ine 87 missing (adj ) 11 neighbor 105

mad 26 mistake (n ) 12 ne rd 9

mag ic 105 misunderstand 6 network 4

magnet ic 58 mix with (socialize) 138 new- found 158

mag nificen t 49 mode l (n) 75 newest 117

modern 17 nightmare 72mai l-order 18 14 make fun of 105 modifi cation 66 nobody

ma ke sure 9 modified (adj) 63 noise 93

mak e-up (gene tic) 8 1 modify 128 nonsense 6 1

male 65 mold (growth) (n) 48 normal 64

11 9 mold (v) 70 normall y 15manu al manufacturer 33 mo nitor (comp ute r) (n) '118 nose 26

54 notable 126 map (n) 54 monkey monster 31 nuclear- powered 58ma rket (n) 16

3 1 moo n 52 numerou s I 11 market (v) marketi ng (n ) 33 mora l 28 nursery 18

81 nut rition 78marriage 4 morally marry 6 mosquito net 92

martia l art s 154 mostly 21 1I mar velou s 5 1 mo ther

mask (n) 48 mound 52

mas ter (n) 154 mountain s 55 obedient 88

match (v) 45 mou se 97 obey 25

material 18 moveme nt 52 object to 115

155 objec tion 68mater ialistic 25 movie critic 96means (n) 28 movie maker 112 obstinate

meant to 121 movie theat er 144 obviou s 85 45 ocean 56 meanwhile 131 mud

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~ III :::iprocess (n) 25 ra nge (n) 126 repl y (v) 14

p ro cessor 78 rapid 92 repor t (n ) 52 0a:

pr od uce (v) 64 rapidly 9 1 repo rt e r 48 ~ prod ucer 35 ra re 17 re prese n t 158

prod uct 2 1 ra t 78 re p roduce 65 prod ucti on 125 ra te (n) 139 re pu ta tio n 134 prod uctive 130 ra tio na l 145 requ ire 40 professio ns I 158 real 8 requi re m ent 77

p ro fit (n) 125 rea]-lif e 65 rescu e (n) 58 progra m (n) II real - time 149 resea rch (n ) 32 project (n ) 23 rea listi e 34 resea rch (v) 10 pr oject (v ) 128 rea lity 149 resea rch er 32

prom ise (v ) 69 rea lize 26 resem ble 65

prom o te 38 reasonable 125 resen tful 127

prom o tion 74 rebel (v ) 25 resh ape 72

promotiona I 157 re be llio us 25 resist 76

prospe r 125 rebu ild 70 resista n ce 78

p rotect 4 1 re ca ll (v) 77 resisrant 77

p rotectio n 130 receive 7 resort (h o liday ) (n) 6 protes t (n) 78 recogniti o n 126 resou rce 38 pr o tes t (v) 76 recogn ize 38 resp e ct (n) 26

pro ud 99 recon st ru ctive 70 resp ect (v) 25

proud ly 107 reco ver (v ) 58 res pect ed (adj) 116

p rove 60 recrea te 117 respon sibil ity 33 provide 40 re cru it (v ) 38 responsible 5

psychologica l 30 red u ction 124 re sponsibly 31

p ub lic 9 ref lec t 92 rest (n) (re ma in ing) 28

publi sh 19 refresh 139 restart 115

pu mpki n 79 refu se (v) 26 restrict 132

purpose 55 region 58 resul t (n) 4

purse (n) 87 regret (v) 75 ret a il (n ) 132

pus h (v ) 4 5 reg u la rly 10 reunion 10

p uzzle (n ) 83 re invest 132 rhin o 9 ]

py ramid 43 reject (v ) 18 rich 19 relate 23 rig 152 relation shi p 8 righ t (n) 130 re la tive 3 r igh t a wa y 12 re la xa tio n 137 rin g (n) 25

qua lity 76 re lease (v ) 109 ring (v) 87

q ues tio n (v) 25 reliable 88 r isk (n ) 137

Quick ly 8 religio us 52 risk y 137

rel y on 115 riv al 101 rema in 43 road sign 38 rem arka ble 55 roa r (v) 100 re m em be r 85 rock (n) 55

rab bit 97 re m ote 56 ro ck cl imbing 156 ra ce (human) (n) 68 remote con tro l 87 rol e 18 race (v) 143 rem ove 44 roll (n) 28 ra cist 115 repair (v ) 40 ro ma nce 3 radi o sta tion 23 repeat (v ) 25 room 5 rai se (v ) III repla ce 8 ro oste r 96

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state of m in d 72 surfer 18 thi eves 44 ::i

sta tement 124 surge ry 63 thi gh 7 1 C a:

statu e 50 surg ical 75 thin 85 0 statu s 146 surpris e (n) 92 tho ugh t (v) 85 ~

stay (v ) 18 su rprise (v) 134 th rill (n) 65 stay home 20 surprising (adj) 6 1 th rill (v) 152 stead ily 123 surp rising ly 78 throw (v) 99 step (n ) 132 surround (v) 74 thun derst or m 58 sto ne (n) 43 survey (n) 34 tickle (v) 98 store (shop) (n) 29 su rvival 8 3 tiger 9 1 story I I survive 4 3 tigh test 72

straigh t 54 surv ivo r 6 1 tim e warp 58 strange ly 46 su spicio us 152 tin y 9 1 stranger I I swa p (v) 98 tired (adj) I I I

stra tegy 124 sw ea te r 157 toma to 78 stree t 12 swift (adj) 48 to mb 48 stress (n ) 74 switch (v) 87 tombston e 104 strict 26 syste m 67 ton 44 stroke (v) 87 top 157

stron g-mi nded 115 torto ise 96 st rucrure (constru ction ) (n ) 44 trad e (n) 91 struggle (n) ] 24 t radi ng (n ) 18 struggle (v) 131 tag (n) 8 1 traditio nal 18 study (v ) 25 ta il (n) 87 traditi on al ly 101 stull (n) 119 take advan tage of 39 traged y 152 st u nn ing (adj) 152 take care of 132 train (v ) 88 stu n t (n ) ] 5 1 take pa rt in 37 tra ns action 16 stupid 85 take for gran ted 25 tra ns genic 76 style (n) 29 take action 8 1 tran sm it 136 submarine 58 ta ll 5 1 tran spla nt (n) 68 sub stance 64 targe t (n) 78 tra n sportatio n 45

su ccess 9 tas te (v ) 100 tra sh (n) 117 successful 89 tax (n) 45 treas ure (n) 48 successfu lly 45 tea cher 35 treat (v) 84 su dden ly 58 tea r (n) 12 tren dy 26 su lle r 18 techniqu e 45 tric k (v) 14 su Ilicien t 125 techn ology 2 1 triumph (n) 94 sunbathi ng (n) 138 teenager 25 tri vial 17

sun rise 92 teet h 60 troph y 95 superb ]5 2 tell 86 trun k (ele phant) 92

superma rke t 8 1 tempe ra ment 65 tumor 79 su permodel 74 temple (building) 46 tu sk 92

su pernat u ral 59 ter rible 69 TV covera ge 158 supplier 12 5 terrib ly 68 t ypicall y 151 support (n) 118 te rrific 72 typ e (v) 11 8 su pport (v) 20 terror 46 suppos ed to 11 8 test-tube 68 su re 6 th e msel ves 8 surely 92 then 97 su rf (v) I I th eo ry 4 5 UFO 43 sur face (n) 54 th ick 66 unappro ved (adj) 77

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