RealismTime: Mid 19th CenturyThemes: Rejection of Romanticism,

Depiction of ordinary people in ordinary situations

Characteristics: Lack of drama, landscapes, subjects were common people, instead of aristocrats, emperors, mythical or classical figures

Major Figures: Courbet, Millet, DaumierAreas of Influence: France and the

NetherlandsKey Words: Everyday life, Work

The Gleaners- Jean-Francois Millet (1857)

The Stone Breakers- Gustave Courbet (1850)

ImpressionismTime: Late 19th centuryThemes: Depiction of how the world is

experienced; primacy of color over lines; candid scenes of ordinary people

Characteristics: Small, thin, choppy brush strokes; emphasis on the depiction of light; painting was done outside; depiction of movement

Major Figures: Manet, Monet, Renoir, Cezanne

Areas of Influence: FranceKey Words: Light, Outdoors, little detail

Impression, Sunrise- Claude Monet (1872)

A Bar at the Folies-Bergere- Edouard Manet (1882)

Hay Harvest at Eragny- Camille Pissarro(1901)

Post-ImpressionismTime: 1886-1914Themes: Extended the techniques of

Impressionism while avoiding its limitations; they thought Impressionists had lost focus and structure

Characteristics: more detailed than Impressionism; deemphasized use of light; Pointillism- small distinct dots are used to create an image; large brush strokes, as in Van Gogh; not a unified school

Major Figures: Van Gogh, Cezanne, Gauguin, Seurat, Toulouse-Lautrec

Areas of Influence: France, Key Words: Pointillism, structure, thick brush

strokes

Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grand Jatte- George Seurat (1885)

The Bathers- Paul Cezanne (1900)

The Round of the Prisoners- Vincent Van Gogh (1890)

ExpressionismTime: Early 20th CenturyThemes: Subjective portrayal of the world;

express emotions like panic, anxiety, and terror; influenced by Freud’s theory of the unconscious; concern with expressing the artist’s emotions instead of reproducing an event or object.

Characteristics: Two-dimensional; bold colors; distorted subjects; paintings that induce strong emotional reactions

Major Figures: Klee, Munch, Kirchner, Kandinsky, Van Gogh

Areas of Influence: Germany and AustriaKey Words: anxiety, dark

The Scream- Edvard Munch (1910)

Erna- Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (1930)

CubismTime: after 1910Themes: Radical break with the ancient idea that

the purpose of art is to mirror reality; influenced by African, Native American, and other “primitive” art

Characteristics: fragmented subjects; focus on shape and color; multiple perspectives of object presented at once; objects are “broken apart” and put back together into a composite of simple shapes, creating a disjointed image; brown and other neutral colors

Major Figures: Picasso, Braque, Leger, GrisAreas of Influence: France, Eastern EuropeKey Words: Shapes, non-representational, avant-

garde

Portrait of Picasso- Juan Gris (1912)

Portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler- Pablo Picasso (1910)

Contrast QuestionsRespond to one of these prompts in a single

paragraph, 6-7 sentences long.Your response should consider both the different

artistic schools and the historical context in which the works were painted.

1. Contrast how the state and military forces are depicted in David’s Napoleon Crossing the Alps and Goya’s The Third of May.

2. Contrast the depiction of workers in Pissarro’s Hay Harvest at Eragny and Courbet’s The Stone Breakers.

3. Contrast the depiction of women in two of the following: Manet’s A Bar at the Folies-Bergere, Seurat’s Sunday Afternoon, or Kirchner’s Erna

4. Contrast the depiction of dreams, nightmares, and the mind in Fuseli’s The Nightmare and Munch’s The Scream.