Reality Therapy Presentation (1)

7/27/2019 Reality Therapy Presentation (1)

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Reality Therapy

Introduction

Key Concepts

The Therapeutic Process

The Practice of Reality Therapy

The WDEP System

Contributions and Limitations A Multicultural Perspective

Summary


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Introduction

Developed by William Glasser

Based on choice theory

Basic premise and assumptions: People strive to control their lives to fulfill their

needs

We are responsible for what we choose to do

Problem arise from lack of satisfying presentrelationship

Most mental illnesses are ineffectivebehaviours chosen


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Introduction

Roles and Functions of Reality Therapists:

Establishing a working relationship

Teaching clients choice theory Helping them make more effective choices in

lives


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Introduction

Its use in a variety of settings

schools, correctional institutions, general

hospitals, state mental hospital, and substanceabuse centers

Reality therapy approach is applicable to :

counseling, social work, education, crisisintervention, institutional management,community development, corrections andrehabilitatin


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Views of Human Nature

Five innate needs

Survival

Love and belonging Power or achievement

Freedom or independence

Fun Human behaviour is purposeful and driven by

needs


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Views of Human Nature

Needs, wants and perceived ways to satisfythem are stored in our quality world

Quality world is our personal Shangri-La People are driven to satisfy the pictures

through their behaviour

People are the most important component inone's quality world.


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Choice Theory Explanation of Total Behaviour

Choice Theory Explanation ofTotal Behaviour

Choice Theory Explanation of Total Behaviour


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Choice Theory Explanation ofTotal Behaviour

Components of Total Behaviour

Acting

Thinking

Feeling

Physiology

Behaviours are purposeful and chosen

People are responsible for their totalbehaviour

Depressing, headaching, angering, etc


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Characteristics of Reality Therapy

Stresses choices and responsibilities as if people have choices

We choose all we do

We must be responsible for what we choose Focus on conscious behaviours that can be

more easily and directly controlled

Reject transference

Transference seen as refusing ownership andresponsibility over one's behaviours

Therapists firmly yet gently reject transference


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Keep the Therapy in the Present

We may be products of our past but we are notvictims of our past, unless we choose to be.

It is the present that we can control

Avoid dwelling on clients' past, especially pastfailure.

Avoid Focusing on Symptoms

Symptoms are results of the frustration of needs

Symptoms will disappear once needs are met


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Challenge Traditional Views of MentalIllness

Diagnosis attributes illness to brain pathology,discouraging psychotherapy & responsibilities

Psychiatric drugs have negative side effets,physically and psychologically.

Mental illness: people choose ineffective totalbehaviour


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Therapeutic Goals

Help clients choose better ways in fulfillingneeds, and connect with significant others

For resistant and pleasure-seeking clients, theonly goal is to connect with them first.

Therapists' Functions and Roles

i. establish good realtionship with clients ii. teach clients to self evaluate

Iii. Instill hope that they are not alone andchange is possible


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Clients' Experience in Therapy

Find therapists gently, but firmly confronting

May feel a sense of urgency Prompted to explore and self-evaluate

Focus on the present and controllablebehaviours

Client decide to take responsibilities overchoices

Should feel motivated and confident to change


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Relationship between Therapists and Clients

A teacher and the student in mentoring process

Sincere, understanding, involved, supportive Good personal qualities of therapists: warmth,

congruence, understanding, acceptance,concern, respect for the client, openness,

persistence Therapists should be sincere and comfortable

with their own individual styles


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1. Creating the counseling environment

Fair, friendly, supportive, caring, accepting,trusting, noncoercive choice environment

Gently yet firmly confontative Therapists' involvement is promoted through:

Attending behaviour

Appropriate humour

Facilitative self-disclosure

Summarizing and focusing

Listening for themes


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2. Procedures that Lead to Change

People are motivated to change (i) whenconvinced present behaviour is not getting them

what they want and (ii) when they believe theycan choose other behaviours that will bring themwhat they want

A Cycle of counseling consisting of several steps

Intensive use of skillful questioning andconfrontation

Paradoxical techniques, being positive, usingclients' metaphors


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The WDEP System

Developed by Wubbolding(2000, 2001, 2002)

Useful in teaching choice theory and traningtherapists

Skillful questioning as the basic technique

W= Wants, needs, and perceptions

D= Direction and Doing

E= Self-evaluation

P= Planning and Action


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1.Wants and Needs in WDEP

Explore wants, needs, perceptions,hopes,dreams, expectations of oneself and others,of clients in a conducive counseling

environment Define expectation of clients of themselves

and of the therapy

Continuous

What do you want? What is it you want thatyou don't seem to be getting from life?


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2. Direction and Doing in WDEP

Explore and describe total behaviour

Focus on the present

Emphasizes thinking and doing

Link feelings and physiological reactions tothinking and doing/acting

The choices and responsibilities of clientsfor total behaviours are emphasized

What are you doing now?


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3. Evaluation in WDEP

Confront clients with the consequences oftheir chosen behaviour

Lead them to judge the quality of their choices

Cornerstone of reality therapy to drive change

Is what you are doing helping or hurtingyou? Does what you are doing stand a good

chance in bringing you what you want? Self evalution, except for certain groups of

clients, eg: alcoholics or alcoholics' children


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4. Planning and Action in WDEP

(i) Exploring possible new choices

(ii) Formulating action plans

Help clients come up with a good plan

(iii) Committing to action plans

Assess commitment to carry out plan

Help clients explore and express fear in failing

Firm up commitment in writing

(iv) Devise a new plan if necessary

Do not accept excuses, nonjudmental, convey

belief


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4. Planning and Action in WDEP

The importance of formulating a good plan

Essence of a good plan: SAMIC by

Wubbolding Simple

Attainable

Measurable

Immediate, Involved

Controlled by planner, committed to,continuously done


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Contributions of Reality Therapy

Short-term focus, thus less time consumingand more cost efficient

Development of therapeutic processes thatstrongly support behavioural changes

Phenomenological stand

Existential orientation People are choosing own goals and responsible

for the world they create


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Limitations and Criticisms

Neglect unconscious struggles and drives Repressed conflicts, defense mechanisme

Focus on the present

One's past and traumatic experiences havetremendous influence

Do not make use of dreams

Dreams reveal internal conflicts, wants, needs,hopes, fear and visions of the future


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Limitations and Criticisms

Reject transference Transference reflects past interpersonal

influence

Insights brought on by transference canimprove present relationships

Simplistic views of psychological disorders

There are biochemical and genetical factors Causes additional guilt in patients

May affect growth & autonomy if used bymanipulative therapists

C t ib ti t M lti lt l


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Contribution to MulticulturalCounseling

A nonjudmental, accepting counselingenvironment

Demonstrate respect for clients' personalvalues through encouraging clients' selfevaluation and own decision

Helping clients to formulate and execute plans

that are consistent with clients' cultural values

Specificity and direction of effective actionplans

Li it ti f M lti lt l


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Limitations for MulticulturalCounseling

Wubbolding(2000) expanded practice tomulticultural situations: Japan, taiwan, HongKong, Singapore, Korea, India, Kuwait,

Australia, Columbia, Slovenia, Croatia etc

Differences in various issues

Collectivism vs Individualism

Assertiveness and Communication Style

Concept translation

Discrimination and racism

Ad t ti f M lti lt l


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Adaptations for MulticulturalCounseling

Therapists must be aware and flexible

Accepting clients' priorities in innate needs

Accepting a wide range of acceptable ways tosatisfy needs

Make adaptations tailored to each client'sneeds


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Summary

Reality therapists fucntion as teachers and rolemodels

Therapists create a caring, accepting, involved,supportive and noncoercive environment

Following specific procedures and throughskillful questioning, clients make better choices

Explore wants, needs, & perceptions

Evaluate total behaviour

Self evalution and decision

Planning, commitment and action

Documents

Reality Therapy Presentation (1)