T A N K 24, 1978

RECORDS OF MARINE ALGAE FROM THE LEIGH AREA PART II: RECORDS OF PHYTOPLANKTON FROM GOAT ISLAND BAY

by F.J. Taylor

Marine Research Laboratory, University of Auckland, R .D. , Leigh

SUMMARY

147 taxa of phytoplankton and 3 species of ciliates are recorded from Goat Island Bay, Leigh, New Zealand, with details of their occurrences.

INTRODUCTION

Regular quantitative analyses of the phytoplankton at two stations in Goat Island Bay were made from October 1966 to July 1969. Station B was about 275m off-shore and Station E 800m off-shore. The quantitative counts were made on water samples taken with a hose-pipe which integrated a 5m water column. They were supplemented with qualitative net hauls and enrichment cultures. A full account of the phytoplankton ecology and nutrient status of the water is in preparation elsewhere. Some additional records have been added from net hauls made during student phytoplankton courses which have been held annually since 1966.

The nomenclature follows Taylor (1970, 1974a, 1974b). Where more recent name changes have been made the name used in Taylor (loc.cit.) has been included in brackets. Records of micro-flagellates are deficient because of the inability to make electron microscope studies of them during the original study to confirm the light microscope observations. This will be partly overcome by a more recent study by Moestrup (in press).

The genera are listed in alphabetical order within the class, and the species in alphabetical order within the genus. Some of the records have already been published in Taylor (loc.cit.). At the time that they were made several were new records for New Zealand, but these have not been indicated in the present list. All species identified from the plankton have been included; the list includes a number of species which have obviously been introduced into the plankton from littoral deposits by water turbulence.

C Y A N O P H Y C E A E Oscillatoria thiebautii (Gom. ex Gom.) - Not seen in the plankton counts or net samples,

but appeared in some enrichment cultures. C H L O R O P H Y C E A E

Chlorella marina Butch. - Uncommon in quantitative counts, but frequent in enrichment cultures.

Platymonas sp. - Occasional. Possibly all were zoospores of Prasinocladus marinus (Cienk.)

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Waern, which appeared in cultures of Platymonas sp. (see Taylor 1969). E U G L E N O P H Y C E A E

Colacium sp. - June, 1968. Eutreptiella marina da Cunha - Frequent from November to January only.

C H R Y S O P H Y C E A E Dictyocha fibula Ehrenb. vax.fibula - Occasional records throughout the year. Dictyocha fibula Ehrenb. vat rhombica Schulz - With the type, June, 1966. D. speculum (Ehrenb.) Haeckel var. octonarius (Ehrenb.) F . J . Taylor - March, 1967 and

occasionally in 1968. H A P T O P H Y C E A E

Chrysochromulina spp. - Abundant throughout the year. Three species have been cultured, one of which was cultured from a planktonic amoeboid stage.

Emiliana huxleyi (Lohm.) Hay & Mohler. - Only seen from August to December, but very abundant at times.

BACILLARIOPHYCEAE Actinoptychus senarius (l^hrenb.) Ehrenb. - July, 1977. A. splendens (Shad.) Ralls ex Pritch. - June, 1967. Amphiprora alata (Ehrenb.) K i i t z . - 2900 cells T 1 were counted at Station B on 27 May,

1968 but apart from that only individual cells were seen, mainly from September to December, 1968.

Amphora lineolata Ehrenb. var. sinensis (A. Schmidt) Clcve - Scattered individuals seen between Apr i l and June in all three years, 1967-69.

Asterionella glacialis Castr. (A. japonica Cleve & Mol l , ex Gran) - Although frequent in the plankton further off the ocast, it was only found once in Goat Island Bay, on 21 July, 1969. The concentrations then were 1400 cells T 1 at Station E, and 300 cells f 1 at Station B.

Asteromphalus flabellatus (de Breb.) Grev. - Only once found, on 26 August, 1968, at Station B. Although recorded from the Hauraki Gul f plankton by Wood, Crosby and Cassie (1959) and by Cassie (1960; 1961), this is mainly a littoral species.

Bacillaria paradoxa (O. Miil l) Hendey - July, 1966; 1967; 1977. Bellerochea malleus (Brightw.) van Jeurck f. malleus - The bipolar form was seen in

February, 1975, and the triradiate form in February, 1975 and July, 1977. Biddulphia alternans (Bail.) van lleurck - June, 1966; February, 1976. B. mobiliensis (Bail) Grun. ex van Heurck - Only occasional cells found in June, 1968 and

July, 1977. B. pulchella Gray - Nine individuals in net haul, June, 1966. B. reticulata Roper var. reticulata - Several individuals seen in July, 1977. B. sinensis Grev. - More common than B. mobiliensis, but only found in June and July,

1967 and 1968, and at irregular intervals since. B. tuomeyii Bail . - Several individuals, July, 1977. The only other record for New Zealand

is Petit (1877). Cerataulina pelagica (Cleve) Hendy - September, 1967. Chaetoceros affine Lauder - O f irregular occurrence. 130 x 1 0 3 cells 1 1 recorded at Station

E on 20 A p r i l , 1969. C. atlanticum Cleve - February, 1974. New record for New Zealand. C. boreale Bail . - September, 1967. C. concavicorne Mangin - Irregularly throughout the summer. C. danicum Cleve - Occasional individuals only, in Apr i l and May, 1969. Not otherwise

recorded north of Cook Strait. C. debilis Cleve - Three individuals in net haul, July, 1977. C. decipiens Cleve - Occasional individuals only, in January and February, 1967. C. diadema (Ehrenb.) Gran - August, 1966. C. didymum Ehrenb. var. didymum July and August, 1966. C. difficile Cleve - August, 1966.

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C. eibenii (Grun.) Meun. ex van Heurck - August, 1966. C. lorenzianum Grun. - The commonest species of the genus, but present mainly between

November and Apr i l . Highest recorded concentration 94 x 10 cells T at Station B on 9 November, 1967. Resting spores seen in Apr i l , 1968.

C. secundum Cleve - September, 1967. C. simplex Ostenf. - Recorded on three occasions: 3 March, 1967, 26 September, 1967 and

25 October, 1968. C. sociale Lauder - Occasional, in small numbers. C. teres Cleve - Only seen once, in September, 1967. Climacosphenia moniligera Ehrenb. - Occasional in net haul, February, 1974. Cocconeis scutellum Ehrenb. - Only recorded from Station E on 27 October, 1967.

Common littoral species. Coscinodiscus argus Ehrenb. - August, 1966; July, 1977. C. asteromphalus Ehrenb. - July, 1967. C. gigas Ehrenb, - July, 1967. C. nitidus Greg. - A benthic species seen in net hauls, July, 1977. C. oculus-iridis Ehrenb. - Occasional from March to September. C. wailesii Gran & Angst. - Present in practically every collection. Highest concentrations

(up to 27 x I 0 3 cells f 1 ) found in March and Apr i l . Cyclotella sp. A small species, possibly C. cryptica Re imana Lewin & Guillard, but only

seen in Apr i l and June, 1967. Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenb.) Reimann and Lewin - Common throughout the year. Cymbella sp. - A few individuals in June, 1967 and November, 1968. Dactyliosolen mediterraneus Perag. - Although common further out in the Hauraki Gulf,

only occasional individuals were seen from December, 1968 through to May, 1969. Diploneis bombus (Ehrenb) Cleve - A few individuals were seen on several occasions.

Common on rocks in the area. D. crabro Ehrenb. var. crabro - Much less frequent than the preceding. Found on sublittoral

sands. Ditylum brightwellii (T. West) Grun. ex van Heurck - Usually only isolated individuals seen

between February and July, but 23 x 1 0 3 cells T 1 recorded at Station E on 20 Apr i l , 1969.

Eucampia zoodiacus Ehrenb. - O f irregular occurrence throughout the year. Guinardia flaccida (Castr.) Perag. - Occasional individuals found from January to May only,

except for 6000 cells f 1 at Station B on 5 August, 1967. Not recorded for New Zealand waters outside the Hauraki Gu l f (Taylor 1970).

Gyrosigma tenuissimum (Wm. Smith) Cleve - A few individuals in June and July, 1969. Lauderia borealis Gran - Frequent throughout the year with consistently higher

concentrations at Station E . Leptocylindrus danicus Cleve - Abundant, except in winter. Lithodesmium undulatum Ehrenb. - Common in net haul, July, 1977. Navicula atlantica A . Schmidt - A littoral species, but often washed into the plankton. Only

one previous record from New Zealand (Taylor 1970). N. lyra Ehrenb. var. lyra - In practically every sample. Although a littoral species common

in sublittoral sands, specimens have been found regularly in the plankton up to 20km from the shore in the Hauraki Gulf .

A', pelagica Cleve - Several individuals in net haul, July, 1977. New record for New Zealand. Nitzschia frustulum (Ki i tz) G r u a - Isolated in culture from a plankton tow in December,

1974 by Miss W. Nelson. N. longissima (de Breb. ex Kii tz .) Ralfs in Pritch. - Found commonly in 1967, less

frequently since. Widespread in littoral habitats, Only record north of Cook Strait. N. pseudoseriata Hasle - Common throughout the year, abundant from December to

March. A', pungens Grun. - Not as common as the preceding species, with which it has often been

lumped as N. seriata.

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Paralia sulcata (Ehrenb) Cleve - A bottom living species frequently brought into the plankton by turbulence.

Phaeodactylon tricornutum BohL - Common. Only recorded for the Hauraki Gul f area of New Zealand (Taylor 1970), but certainly overlooked in other areas because it passes through plankton nets.

Planktoniella sol (Wall.) Schutt - Three individuals seen in tow-netting in July, 1969, and others in February, 1974.

Pleurosigma angulatum (Quek.) W. Sm. A littoral species regularly seen in the plankton in low numbers.

P. formosum W. Sm. - Occasionally at irregular intervals. P. naviculaceum de Breb. - A few individuals in August, 1966 and January and May, 1967. Podosira stelliger (Bail.) Mann Only two records, in July, 1 967 and June, 1969. Rhizosolenia alata Brightw. f. alata - Occasional between January and June. R. alata Brightw. f. gracillima (Cleve) Grun. - Several individuals on 14 March, 1967 only. R. alata Brightw. f. indica (Perag.) Gran - February, 1969 and February 1973. R. delicatula Cleve - Common. No other record from New Zealand (Taylor 1970|. R. hebetata Bail . f. semispina (Henscn) Gran - A population of 34 x 10' cells 1 in March,

1967; and a few individuals in August, 1966 and Apr i l and May, 1969. R. imbricata Brightw. var. shrubsolei (Cleve) Schroder - The only record is of three

individuals at Station E on 23 December, 1968. R. robusta Norman ex Pritch. - A few individuals occasionally seen. R. setigera Brightw. Infrequent from September to March. R. stolterfothii Perag. - Mainly found from September to January. Concentrations

frequently in the range 10-20 x 10' cells 1 , Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve - Only found in February and March, 1967, when the

population reached 87 x 10 3 cells I ' and in February - May, 1969, when it reached 82 x 1 0 3 cells l " 1 .

Stauroneis membranacea (Cleve) Hiist. - Frequent since June, 1968 but not noted before then.

Stephanopyxis turris (Grev. & Arnott) Ralfs. - Usually only occasional individuals, but in November, 1967, the population reached 291 x 1 0 3 cells F 1 at E and 189 x 1 0 3 cells T 1 at Station B.

Striatella unipunctata (Lyngb.) Agardh - Rare; October, 1967 only. Abundant littorally. Synedra fulgens (Grev.) W. Sm. - Frequent from December to March. Common littorally. Synedra cf. pelagica Hendey - This very long diatom, 700-1000 /Urn long, was found

frequently throughout the year. S. undulata (Bail.) Greg. - Only seen in Apr i l , 1968. Common littorally. Thalassionema nitzschioides Hiist. - Frequent throughout the year. Thalassiosira condensata Cleve - Only seen between February and July, 1969, when it

reached a maximum of 21 x 1 0 3 cells f 1 in A p r i l . T. decipiens (Grun.) J(6rg. - Only seen in December, 1967 and July, 1968. T. hyalina (Grun.) Gran - Found mainly from May to July. T. rotula Meun. - The commonest of the Thalassiosira species. The highest population

recorded was 80 x 1 0 3 cells 1"' in Apr i l , 1969. Triceratium favus Ehrenb. - July, 1977.

C R Y P T O P H Y C E A E Rhodomonas baltica Karsten - Occasional, in December and January. Rare at other times.

D I N O P H Y C E A E Amphidinium cf. externum Wulff. - Scattered individuals mainly in the summer. A. sp. 1 - Only seen at Station E on 4 December, 1967. A. sp. 2 - Only seen at Station E on 10 November, 1968. Ceratium bigelowii Kof. - December, 1967. C. furca (Ehrenb.) Clap. & Lackm. var. [urea - Occasional individuals throughout the year. C. fusus (Ehrenb) Dujard. var. fusus - Occasional individuals throughout the year, but

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rather more abundant than C. furca. C. horridum (Cleve) Gran var. buceros (Zach.) Sournia - Only seen at Station E on 5 June,

1969. C. pentagonum Gourr. - Only seen in June, 1969. C. teres Kof . - January, 1969 and February, 1970. C. tripos (O. F . Mull) Nitzsch var. tripos - Occasional from June to January. Cochlodinium sp. - Common in spring, reaching concentrations of up to 15 x 1 0 3 cells 1 ' , C. brandtii Wulff. - Only seen at Station E on 22 November, 1967, when it reached a

concentration of 6 x 1 0 3 cells f 1

Cystodinium sp. - Common in December, 1968 (up to 10 x 1 0 3 cells T 1 ) . Rare at other times.

Dinophysis acuta Ehrenb. - Occasional from February to A p r i l , 1969. D. fortii Pav. - Several individuals in net haul, July, 1977. D. tripos Gourr. - August, 1967. Exuviaella marina Cienk. - Common from May to September. Occasional at other times. Glenodinium sp. - Only seen on 25 October, 1968. Gonyaulax polyedra Stein - Abundant in July and August, 1 968. (Maximum concentration

76 x 1 0 3 cells f 1 ) . Occasional at other times. Gymnodinium galeaeforme Matz. - Occasional. G. simplex (Lohm.) Kof. & Swezy - Present throughout the year, but reaching maxima in

November to January. G. sp. 1 - Present with G . simplex, but not so abundant. G. sp. 2 - Abundant in A p r i l , 1967 (maximum concentration 144 x 1 0 3 cells f 1 ) . Rare at

other times. Noctiluca scintillans (Macartney) Ehrenb. - Rare. Oblea rotunda (Lebour) Balech - February, 1974. O. sphaeroidium Stein - Frequent from August to December, 1967. Rare at other times. O. sp. 1 — Occasional in Apr i l and May, 1967. O. sp. 2 — Occasional. Peridinium ampulliforme Wood - February, 1974. P. claudicans Pauls. - Only seen in September, 1967 and March, 1969. P. depressum Bail . — Frequent from January to March. Rare at other times. P. humile Schill . - June, 1966. P. leonis Matz. - July, 1967. P. marie-lebouriae Pauls. — Only seen on 5 June, 1969. P. oblongum (Aurivill .) Cleve - Occasional from July to February. P. oceanicum Vanhoffen - Only seen on 20 A p r i l , 1969. P. pallidum Ostenf. - February, 1973. P. pellucidum (Bergh) Schiitt - Only seen on 26 September, 1967. P. pentagonum Gran var. latissimum (Kof.) Schill - July, 1967. P. quarnerense (Schroder) Broch - Only seen on 20 March, 1969. P. steinii J$rg. - Only seen on 1 8 June, 1969. P. spp. - Unidentified species were seen at irregular intervals. P. spores - Only seen in August, 1968 and June, 1969. Prorocentrum micans Ehrenb. - Present throughout the year. P. rostratum Stein - Occasional from February to Apr i l , 1969. Pyrocystis lunula (Schiitt) Schiitt - Only seen in June, 1968. Pyrophacus horologicum Stein var. horologicum - Occasional at Station B. Not seen at

Station E. C I L I A T A

Acanthometron pellucidum MuW. Rare, from December, 1968. Amphorella brandtii Jorg. - August, 1966. Tintinnopsis radix (Imhof) Brandt - Occasional, January to A p r i l .

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R E F E R E N C E S

Cassie, V . 1960: Seasonal changes in the diatoms and dinoflagellates off the east coast of New Zealand, during 1957 and 1958. New Zealand Journal of Science 3: 137-72.

Cassie, V . 1961: Marine phytoplankton in New Zealand waters, Botanica Marina 2 (supplement) 1: 54.

Petit, P. 1877: Catalogue des diatomees de Tile Campbell et de la Nouvelle-Zelande. Fonds de laMer3: 164-98.

Taylor, F . J . 1969: Prasinocladus in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 7: 106-109.

Taylor. F .J . 1970: A preliminary annotated check list of diatoms from New Zealand coastal waters. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Biological Sciences 12: 153-74.

Taylor, F . J . 1974a: A preliminary annotated check list of dinoflagellates from New Zealand coastal waters. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 4: 193-201.

Taylor, F . J . 1974b: A preliminary annotated check list of micro-algae other than diatoms and dinoflagellates from New Zealand coastal waters. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 4: 395-400.

Wood, E . J .F . , Crosby, L . H & Cassie, V . 1959: Studies on Australian and New Zealand diatoms. III. Descriptions of further discoid species. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 57: 211-19.

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