Red Scare and Cold War PoliciesSSUSH 20 a-b

The Cold WarThe Cold WarThe Cold War: An era of The Cold War: An era of

confrontation and competition confrontation and competition beginning immediately after WW II beginning immediately after WW II between the United States and the between the United States and the Soviet Union (Russia)Soviet Union (Russia) US and Britain=

Capitalism/Democracy

Soviet Union= Communism/Totalitarianism

How it Started: A Divided How it Started: A Divided GermanyGermany

When WWII ended When WWII ended Germany was divided Germany was divided among the allied among the allied powers. (US, Britain, powers. (US, Britain, Soviet Union)Soviet Union)

US and Britain gave US and Britain gave France a portion of France a portion of their area as welltheir area as well

The capital of The capital of Germany, Berlin, was Germany, Berlin, was also divided also divided

These division were These division were supposed to be supposed to be TEMPORARY!TEMPORARY!

Germany’s ReunificationGermany’s Reunification

By 1948 Joseph Stalin (leader of Soviet By 1948 Joseph Stalin (leader of Soviet Union) openly refuses to unite Union) openly refuses to unite Germany Germany

Britain, US, and France combine their Britain, US, and France combine their areas = Federal Republic of Germany areas = Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany)(West Germany)

Soviet Union formed the German Soviet Union formed the German Democratic Republic (East Democratic Republic (East

Germany) under communist ruleGermany) under communist rule

The Iron CurtainThe Iron CurtainThe Soviet Union wanted to take over lands The Soviet Union wanted to take over lands

conquered after WWII.conquered after WWII.

Soviet Leader Joseph Stalin takes Eastern Soviet Leader Joseph Stalin takes Eastern European Countries and makes them European Countries and makes them Communist nations.Communist nations.

““Iron Curtain” Iron Curtain” term for the invisible line term for the invisible line dividing dividing Eastern and Western Europe. Eastern and Western Europe.

Cold War PoliciesCold War PoliciesPresident President Eisenhower’s “Eisenhower’s “Domino TheoryDomino Theory””

Idea that if one country fell to Idea that if one country fell to communism, then the other countries communism, then the other countries in that region would be more in that region would be more vulnerable to communismvulnerable to communism

communism will spread like a row communism will spread like a row dominos- once one falls, they all falldominos- once one falls, they all fall

Used this idea to justify the continued Used this idea to justify the continued support the U.S. gave to non-communist support the U.S. gave to non-communist countriescountries

Containment PolicyContainment PolicyContainmentContainment was the U.S. policy was the U.S. policy

towards the Soviet Union and towards the Soviet Union and communism used to block, or communism used to block, or contain, communist expansion into contain, communist expansion into other countries. other countries.

Truman DoctrineTruman Doctrine

Proposed by President Proposed by President Harry Truman in 1947Harry Truman in 1947

The Truman Doctrine The Truman Doctrine provided aid to any country provided aid to any country battling Communist parties battling Communist parties and revoltsand revolts

US supported governments US supported governments in Turkey and Greece in Turkey and Greece against communist threats against communist threats

Cold War Policies in EuropeCold War Policies in EuropeAfter WW II Europe was After WW II Europe was

devastated physically and devastated physically and economically economically

Marshall Plan: Marshall Plan: US’s plan US’s plan to rebuild Europe and to rebuild Europe and support democratic ideassupport democratic ideas

US gave billions of US gave billions of dollars in aid to European dollars in aid to European countriescountries

The Soviet Union rejected The Soviet Union rejected the planthe plan Why would the Soviet Union not

accept the Marshall Plan?

Following WW II, China was involved in a Following WW II, China was involved in a civil war between the U.S. backed civil war between the U.S. backed Nationalist government and Nationalist government and Mao Tse-Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong)tung (Mao Zedong) Communist forces Communist forces

Despite help from the U.S. the Nationalist Despite help from the U.S. the Nationalist government lost and retreated to the government lost and retreated to the island of Taiwanisland of Taiwan

The Communist People’s Republic The Communist People’s Republic

of China was formed in 1949of China was formed in 1949 1950: USSR (Soviet Union; United 1950: USSR (Soviet Union; United

Soviet Socialist Republic)and China Soviet Socialist Republic)and China

became alliesbecame allies

Communism Spreads: China

Second Red ScareSecond Red Scare The rise of Communism in the The rise of Communism in the

Soviet Union and China, and the Soviet Union and China, and the war in Korea gave rise to the war in Korea gave rise to the Second Red ScareSecond Red Scare

Many Americans felt as though Many Americans felt as though the U.S. was losing the Cold Warthe U.S. was losing the Cold War

House Un-American Activities House Un-American Activities Committee: Committee: Organization Organization created by President Truman to created by President Truman to investigate and get rid of investigate and get rid of communists in the government. communists in the government.

http://www.history.com/topics/red-scare/videos#reagan-testifies-http://www.history.com/topics/red-scare/videos#reagan-testifies-at-un-american-activities-hearing at-un-american-activities-hearing

McCarthyism McCarthyism In 1950 In 1950 Senator Senator

McCarthy McCarthy claimed claimed to have a list of 205 to have a list of 205 men working for the men working for the U.S. government who U.S. government who were members of the were members of the Communist Party.Communist Party.

Hollywood celebrities Hollywood celebrities and immigrants were and immigrants were targetedtargeted

http://www.history.com/topics/red-scare/videos#presidents-http://www.history.com/topics/red-scare/videos#presidents-fdr-denies-communist-agenda fdr-denies-communist-agenda

In 1952 McCarthy In 1952 McCarthy began holding hearings began holding hearings about Communism, about Communism, accusing many in the accusing many in the government of being government of being spies, or Communistsspies, or Communists

His “witch-hunt” for His “witch-hunt” for communists became communists became know asknow as McCarthyism McCarthyism..

Those who openly Those who openly challenged McCarthy challenged McCarthy would be accused of would be accused of being a communist being a communist sympathizersympathizer

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pt2J2HHZIkk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pt2J2HHZIkk

McCarthy’s downfall began in 1954 McCarthy’s downfall began in 1954 when, in televised hearings, he when, in televised hearings, he accused the U.S. Army of containing accused the U.S. Army of containing communistscommunists

As millions of Americans watched on As millions of Americans watched on TV, he openly harassed witnessesTV, he openly harassed witnesses

Congress censured McCarthy, ending Congress censured McCarthy, ending his political power his political power

Closing: Exit TicketClosing: Exit Ticket

1.1. What caused tension between the What caused tension between the US and the Soviet Union after US and the Soviet Union after WWII?WWII?

2.2. Explain the “domino theory”?Explain the “domino theory”?

3.3. What was Senator McCarthy’s role What was Senator McCarthy’s role in the Second Red Scare?in the Second Red Scare?