Upload
suelo-beltre
View
259
Download
3
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Reflexive verbs
What do you think is a reflexive verb?
1
Los VerbosReflexivos
en español…
2
I. Los Verbos Reflexivos
In the reflexive construction, the subject is also the object that receive the action
A person does as well asreceives the action…
3
Subject:
Verb:
Object:
4
Who does the action?
Who receives the action?
5
Subject:
Verb:
Object:
6
7
8
Examples• The term reflexive verb verbs in Spanish
whose subject acts on itself – does the action to itself. For example:
• Marta brushes Ana’s hair. • María brushes her (own) hair.• In sentence one (i), Marta is the subject;
the verb is brushes; and the object is Ana’s hair. In sentence two (ii), the subject is María; the verb is brushes and the object is her own hair. Sentence two (ii) would require the use of a reflexive verb as María does the action to herself. 9
In other words…
• Reflexive verbs show what a person does to him/herself.
10
11
II. Use of se
AcostarseBañarse
CepillarseDespertarse
LavarseLevantarseMaquillarse
PeinarseQuemarseSentarse
AcostarBañar
CepillarDespertar
LavarLevantarMaquillar
PeinarQuemarSentar
vs
12
III. Reflexive Pronouns
• Reflexive verbs also use reflexive pronouns which refer to the same person or thing as the subject.
• What are the reflexive pronouns in English?
13
Reflexive Pronouns The reflexive pronouns are:• Me myself
• Te yourself(informal)
• Se himself, herself, yourself (formal)
• nos ourselves• os yourselves(informal in Spain)
• se themselves, yourselves (formal)14
Reflexive pronouns
Yo
Nosotros(as)
Tú OS
Él, ella, Ud.
Ellos,ellas, Uds.
ME
TE
NOS
SE SE
15
IV.Compare reflexive pronouns/ IOP/ DOP
IOP DOP REFLEXIVE PRONOUN
YO ME ME ME
Tú TE TE TE
ELLA/UD./ÉL LE LO/ LA SE
NOSOTROS NOS NOS NOS
VOSOTROS OS OS OS
ELLOS/ELLAS/UDS.
LES L0S/LAS SE
16
Respond to theQuestion- who/toWhom.
Respond to theQuestion- what
V. Posición de los pronombres reflexivos:
1. In front of a conjugated verb:• Me acuesto a las diez de la noche.• Me quiero acostar a las diez de la noche.• Me estoy acostando ahora mismo.
2. Attached to a gerund:• Estoy acostándome ahora mismo.• Luisa está cepillándose los dientes.
3. Attached to an infinitive:• Voy a acostarme ahora mismo.• Luisa va a cepillarse os dientes. 17
Summarizing
Reflexive pronoun placement
18
1. Reflexive VerbsThe reflexive object pronoun precedes the
conjugated verb.
• Before the conjugated verb:
(1) Me acuesto a las diez y media cada noche.I go to bed at 10:30 each night.
(2) Mi familia y yo nos desayunamos a las siete cada mañana
My family and I have breakfast at 7:00 every morning.
• In the two examples above, the reflexive pronouns (me and nos) go before the conjugated verbs. 19
3. Reflexive Verbs The reflexive verb is however attached to
the infinitive. Examples:
• With the infinitive: (1) Yo voy a cepillarme los dientes.
I am going to brush my teeth.
(2) Tú vas a cepillarte los dientes.You are going to brush your teeth.
*In the two examples above, the reflexive pronouns ‘me’ and ‘te’ are attached to the infinitive.
20
2. Reflexive Verbs• The reflexive verb is however attached to
the the present participle: (1) Yo estoy cepillándome los dientes.
I am brushing my teeth.
(2) Carlos está cepillándose. Carlos is brushing his teeth.
* The reflexive pronouns ‘me’ and ‘se’ are attached to the present participles. 21
.Where are reflexive pronouns placed in a sentence?
1. If the verb is ______________________, then the pronoun will come before the verb.
For example, Tú __________ lavas el pelo. 2. If the verb is ______________________, then the pronoun can
attach to the end of the verb.For example, Tú tienes que lavar_____ el pelo.
3. If the verb is ______________________, then the pronoun will attach to the end of the command. This is not new!For example, ¡Láva____ el pelo!
22
CONJUGATED
TE
AN INFINITIVE
TE
IN COMMAND FORM
TE
* NOTE: Possessive adjectives (mi, tu, su, nuestro, vuestro, su) are not used to show ownership when reflexive verbs are used. The use of the reflexive verb implies ownership already.
•
23
Reflexive VerbsLavarse las manos – to wash one’s hands
Yo me lavo las manos. Nosotros nos lavamos las manos
Tú te lavas las manos Vosotros os laváis las manos
Él Ella se lava las manos Ellos Ud. Ellas se lavan las manos
Uds.
24
Reflexive Sentence Structure
subject + reflexive pronoun + verb (conjugated) + rest of
the sentence
25
VII. How do I conjugate a reflexive verb?
Look at the infinitive, lavarse. What verb do you notice? __________________
1. Take off the “se” and conjugate it like you normally do.
2. Add a reflexive pronoun.
26
The Verb
•The verb is conjugated as it normally would be it present tense. Just drop the –se and you will be left with the infinitive.
27
14 of the 26 reflexive verbs are regular –AR or –
ER/-IR verbs.afeitarse, bañarse, lavarse, levantarse, quitarse,
quejarse, aburrirse, etcThat means that after the –AR
of the infinitive is removed, we’ll add -o, -as, -a, -amos, -an. For aburrirse, we’ll use -o, -es, -e, -imos, -en added to the stem. 28
AFEITARSE (to shave oneself)
afeitoafeitasafeitaafeitamosafeitan
MeTeSeNos
Se
29
BAÑARSE (to bathe oneself)
bañobañasbañabañamosbañan
MeTeSeNos
Se
30
LAVARSE (to wash oneself)
lavolavaslavalavamoslavan
MeTeSeNos
SeEl chico se lava las manos.La chica se lava el pelo.
31
LEVANTARSE (to get oneself up)
levantolevantaslevantalevantam
oslevantan
MeTeSeNo
sSe
32
MIRARSE (To look at oneself)
miromirasmiramiramosmiran
MeTeSeNos
SeElla se mira en el espejo. 33
QUITARSE (to take off of oneself)
quitoquitasquitaquitamosquitan
MeTeSeNos
SeUn chico se quita la camisa.El otro se quita la chaqueta.
34
ABURRIRSEme aburrote aburresse aburrenos aburrimos
se aburren35
The other 8 reflexive verbs have some kind of
irregularity.ACOSTARSE and PROBARSE are o ue stem-changing.
DESPERTARSE , SENTARSE , and DIVERTIRSE are
e ie stem-changing.36
VESTIRSE and REÍRSE are e i stem-changing.
PONERSE has a “g” in the “yo” form
37
ACOSTARSE (to lay oneself down. “to go to bed”)
acuestoacuestasacuesta
acostamosacuestan
MeTeSeNos
Se
38
DESPERTARSE (to wake up yourself)
despiertodespiert
asdespiertadespertam
osdespiertan
MeTeSeNos
Se
39
SENTARSE (to sit down)
me sientote sientasse sientanos sentamos
se sientan40
VESTIRSE (to dress oneself; to get dressed)
vistovistesvistevestimosvisten
MeTeSeNos
Se
41
REÍRSEme ríote ríesse ríenos reímosse ríen
42
PONERSE (to put on oneself)
pongoponesponeponemosponen
MeTeSeNos
Se
El chico se pone los zapatos.
43
DIVERTIRSE (to have fun!)
me diviertote diviertesse diviertenos divertimos
se divierten44
• Yo me levanto a las ocho de la mañana.
• Ella se despierta muy temprano.
• ¿A qué hora te desayunas cada día?
• Mis hermanas se maquillan en su cuarto.
• Nosotros nos acostamos muy tarde.
• Pepito se baña en el baño.
Por ejemplo:
I get up at eight in the morning.
She wakes up very early.
At what time do you have breakfast every day?
My sisters put on makeup in their room.
We go to bed very late.
Pepito takes a bath in the bathroom.
45
How do you form these verbs?
levantarse
1. Conjugate the verb as always…
levanto levantamos
levantas levantáis
levanta levantan
2. Add the reflexive pronouns…
me nos
te os
se se
46
despertarse (ie)
despierto despertamos
despiertas despertáis
despierta despiertan
me nos
te os
se se
vestirse (i)
visto vestimos
vistes vestís
viste visten
me nos
te os
se se 47
acostarse (ue)
acuesto acostamos
acuestas acostáis
acuesta acuestan
me nos
te os
se se
cepillarse
cepillo cepillamos
cepillas cepilláis
cepilla cepillan
me nos
te os
se se 48
Don‘t Forget• Remove the –se before conjugating.• Conjugate the verb as you would
conjugate any present tense verb.• The reflexive pronoun goes BEFORE
the conjugated verb.• Don’t get tripped up by those stem-
changing verbs…they still change!
49
¿Puedes contestar estas preguntas…?
¿A qué hora te despiertas por la mañana?
¿Te sientes bien o mal hoy?
¿Estás desayunándote ahora mismo?
¿Quieres acostarte ahora?
¿Quién en tu familia se maquilla?
¿Uds. se lavan las manos antes de comer?
50
¿Cómo se dice en español?
My mother puts my sister to bed early.
I am going to get up early tomorrow.
We have to bathe the dog now.
My sister is combing her hair right now.
My friends want to sit in the library.
I wash the dishes in the kitchen.
51
More practice
1. Maria (arreglarse) el pelo.2. Juan y Jose (afeitarse) por la mañana.3. Nosotros (despertarse) a las seis de la
mañana.4. Vosotros (ducharse) despues de (cepillarse)
los dientes.5. Los estudiantes (lavarse) la cara.
52
Las Repuestas1. Maria se arregla el pelo.2. Juan y Jose se afeitan por la mañana.3. Nosotros nos depertamos a las seis
de la mañana.4. Vosotros os ducháis despues de
cepillaros los dientes.5. Los estudiantes se lavan la cara.
53
… un poco de vocabulario
la toalla
la duchala tina
el desodorante
el espejo
el maquillaje
54
List of Reflexive Verbs
1. ponerse + article of clothing – to put on
2. bañarse – to bathe3. ducharse – to (take a) shower4. cepillarse los dientes – to brush
one’s teeth5. afeitarse – to shave6. peinarse – to comb one’s hair7. levantarse – to get up8. despertarse (e-i) – to wake up 55
List of Reflexive Verbs1. acostarse (o-ue) – to go to bed2. dormirse (o-ue) to fall asleep3. vestirse (e-i) – to get dressed4. cortarse el pelo – to cut one’s hair5. desayunarse – to have breakfast6. almorzarse – to have lunch7. enojarse – to get upset8. burlarse de – to laugh at 9. quejarse – to complain
56
Why are they called “reflexive”?
• Reflexive verbs indicate that the subject is doing the action to himself! Think of your reflection: What do you see?
• For example: I take a shower or I shower myself.
• I am doing the action to myself.57
• When the verb should not be conjugated (after “de” or next to another conjugated verb), attach the –se to the infinitive.
58