Reformation and Catholic Reformation

Ch 5.3 and 5.4

www.acs.ucalgary.ca

What was wrong with the Church?

• Corruption– Too concerned with politics and interests

• People wanted the assurance of salvation and got indulgences from the Church– Could buy from the Church and they gave release

from sin

• Clergy didn’t care about spiritual needs of the people, only interested in money

Martin Luther and his Beliefs

• Monk in Wittenberg, Germany

• Justification: salvation through faith ALONE

• God grants salvation because he is merciful, not because he can be won over by good works

• Bible is ONLY source of religious truth

95 Theses

• October 13, 1517• Luther sent a list of 95

complaints that attacked the abuses of the Catholic Church– Included attack

against the sale of indulgences

• Pope Leo X didn’t take it seriously

http://www.heritagebaptist-church.org/images/95Theses.jpg

What happened to Luther?

• Many German leaders supported Luther and formed state churches

• They protected him after Edict of Worms where he was made an outlaw in the empire

• Excommunicated from Church in 1521

• Peace of Augsburg (1555) settled the issue and warfare in Holy Roman Empire

Lutheranism is Born• Lutheranism: 1st Protestant faith, Luther’s

new religion– Protestant faith: one that began because of a

break with the Catholic Church

• New religious service: Bible readings, preaching the word of God, song

• 2 sacraments: baptism and communion• Ministers allowed to marry (all Protestant

faiths)

Calvinism

• Protestants in Switzerland– John Calvin (from France) became leader – Predestination: God determined before birth

who was to be saved (elect) and who would be damned (the reprobate)

– Geneva: Calvinist church government

English Reformation

• Henry VIII: wanted to divorce wife because no male heir produced– Not granted an annulment by

the Church

• Catherine of Aragon: 1st wife, had Mary

• Anne Boleyn: 2nd wife, had Elizabeth

• Act of Supremacy of 1534: declared the king the head of the Church of England/Anglican Church– Church remained close to

Catholic teachingswww.dawgsports.com

• Henry’s other wives– Jane Seymour– Anne of Cleves– Katheryn Howard– Katherine Parr

• Thomas Moore: devout Catholic that didn’t support the king’s actions– Beheaded– Later sainted

www.larmouth.demon.co.uk/.../wives/wives.jpg

Henry’s Children• Edward VI

– Sickly 9 yr old when became king– Church moved in more Protestant

direction– Clergy could marry– New Protestant church service– Rapid changes created opposition

• Mary I (became Queen in 1553)– Wanted to restore Catholicism– “Bloody Mary” had >300

Protestants burned as heretics– England was more Protestant by

end of her reign• Elizabeth

– Benevolent Queen of England– Protestant Queen

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Catholic Reformation

• Catholic Church’s attempt to revitalize the Church

• Ignatius of Loyola: established the Society of the Jesuits– Used education to spread their message

www.gonzaga.ie

• Council of Trent– Met off and on for 18

yrs, established by Pope Paul III

– Kept traditional Catholic beliefs

• Faith and good works necessary for salvation

• Kept 7 sacraments and clerical celibacy

• No more selling of indulgences

www-personal.ksu.edu/.../Council_of_Trent.jpg

Johannes Gutenberg

• Printing Press• Spread the ideas of

the Reformation

http://www.dartmouth.edu/~toxmetal/images/image_112.jpg

www2.warwick.ac.uk