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Reformation Ideas Spread: The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation HWH UNIT 1 CHAPTER 1.4

Reformation Ideas Spread: The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation

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Reformation Ideas Spread: The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation. HWH UNIT 1 CHAPTER 1.4. Anabaptists. Rejected infant baptism Rejected violence Advocated separating church and state Munster, 1534-1535. King Henry VIII (r. 1509-1547). “ Defender of the Faith ”. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Reformation Ideas Spread:  The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation

Reformation Ideas Spread: The English Reformation and the Catholic

Reformation

HWH UNIT 1CHAPTER 1.4

Page 2: Reformation Ideas Spread:  The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation

Anabaptists

• Rejected infant baptism• Rejected violence• Advocated separating

church and state• Munster, 1534-1535

Page 3: Reformation Ideas Spread:  The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation

King Henry VIII (r. 1509-1547)

Page 4: Reformation Ideas Spread:  The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation

“Defender of the Faith”• Defense of the Seven Sacraments– Leo X

• Devout advisors– Cardinal Thomas Wolsey (1475-1530)– Thomas More (1478-1535)

Page 5: Reformation Ideas Spread:  The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation

Henry and His Wives

Mary I Elizabeth I Edward VI

Page 6: Reformation Ideas Spread:  The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation

Henry’s Wives…

• #1: Catherine of Aragon (m. 1509-1533)– Daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella– Aunt of Charles V– Had a daughter, Mary…

• …but no son• Annulment?

Page 7: Reformation Ideas Spread:  The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation

Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556)

• Archbishop of Canterbury– Advised the split with Rome

Page 8: Reformation Ideas Spread:  The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation

#2: Anne Boleyn (m. 1533-1536)

• Secretly married to Henry in 1533– Already six months pregnant with Elizabeth

• The Act of Supremacy (1534)– Established the Church of England (Anglican Church)

• Henry was the head of the church• All Roman Catholic lands and monasteries were confiscated

– 25% of all land in England

• Thomas More would not convert

• Anne was executed in 1536

Page 9: Reformation Ideas Spread:  The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation

Anglican Doctrine Under Henry

• The Six Articles (1539)–Maintained almost all of Catholic

doctrine• Henry, not the pope, was the authority

• The doctrine of the Anglican Church will be in flux until the late 17th century

Page 10: Reformation Ideas Spread:  The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation

#3: Jane Seymour (m. 1536-1537)

• Had a son, Edward (VI)• Died from complications of childbirth

Page 11: Reformation Ideas Spread:  The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation

#4: Anne of Cleves (m. 1540)

• German• Ugly• Divorced

Page 12: Reformation Ideas Spread:  The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation

#5: Kathryn Howard (m. 1540-1542)

• 30 years younger than Henry• Cheated• Executed

Page 13: Reformation Ideas Spread:  The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation

#6: Katherine Parr (m. 1543-1547)

• Outlived Henry

Page 14: Reformation Ideas Spread:  The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation
Page 16: Reformation Ideas Spread:  The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation

Moved the Anglican church toward Calvinism

• Book of Common Prayer (1549—Cranmer) – Somewhat Calvinist

• Advisors were Protestant– Communicated directly with Calvin

• Changes:– Clergy could marry– Salvation by faith alone– Only baptism and communion– Iconic images removed from churches– Denied transubstantiation

Page 17: Reformation Ideas Spread:  The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation

Burial place of Edward VI, Westminster Abbey, London

Page 18: Reformation Ideas Spread:  The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation

Queen Mary I (r. 1553-1558)• CATHOLIC

– 1st daughter of Henry and Catherine of Aragon

• Married Philip II of Spain

• Executed Cranmer and other Protestants– “Bloody Mary”

Page 19: Reformation Ideas Spread:  The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation

Elizabeth I (r. 1558-1603)

Page 20: Reformation Ideas Spread:  The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation

The “Elizabethan Settlement”

• Two Extremes—Elizabeth took the middle road– Catholics– Puritans

• Undid Mary’s anti-Protestant laws• Made Elizabeth head of the Church of England• Cranmer’s Book of Common Prayer

• Made moderate Protestantism the official religion

Page 21: Reformation Ideas Spread:  The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation

The Church of England under Elizabeth

• Two Sacraments• Clergy could not marry• Catholicism tolerated (in private)• Mandatory attendance at church• No monasteries• Mass given in English

Page 22: Reformation Ideas Spread:  The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation

The Counter (or Catholic) Reformation

Page 23: Reformation Ideas Spread:  The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation

Rome’s Response to the Reformation• Pope Paul III (r. 1534-

1549)• Ignatius of Loyola (1491-

1556)and the Jesuits– Spiritual Exercises (1522-

24)– Focus: education and

conversion

Page 24: Reformation Ideas Spread:  The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation

The Council of Trent (1545-1563)

• Pope Paul III (r. 1534-1549)

• Conclusions:– Reaffirmed Catholic

doctrine– Ended corruption

within the clergy• Pluralism• Absenteeism• Sale of indulgences• More education for

clergy

Page 25: Reformation Ideas Spread:  The English Reformation and the Catholic Reformation

The Roman Inquisition and the Index of Forbidden Books